CN106396925A - Watermelon cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Watermelon cultivation matrix and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106396925A CN106396925A CN201610783330.1A CN201610783330A CN106396925A CN 106396925 A CN106396925 A CN 106396925A CN 201610783330 A CN201610783330 A CN 201610783330A CN 106396925 A CN106396925 A CN 106396925A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
Abstract
The invention discloses a watermelon cultivation matrix which is prepared from 40 to 50 parts of earthworm cast, 10 to 15 parts of vermiculite, 8 to 10 parts of perlite, 10 to 15 parts of molasses fermentation liquor, 3 to 5 parts of cigarette ash, 3 to 5 parts of tangerine pith, 3 to 5 parts of fermentative strains, 20 to 30 parts of soft sediment with the moisture content of 90 percent, 15 to 20 parts of pine needles, 3 to 5 parts of sea-buckthorn, 3 to 5 parts of cactus, 3 to 5 parts of aloes, 3 to 5 parts of radix ophiopogonis, 3 to 5 parts of purslane, 3 to 5 parts of cucumis hystrix, 1 to 2 parts of fosamine and 10 to 20 parts of inorganic fertilizer, wherein the fermentative strains comprise yeast, lactic acid bacteria, actinomycetes and bacillus. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the watermelon cultivation matrix. The watermelon cultivation matrix is comprehensive in nutritional component and balanced and coordinated in proportion, so that watermelons can obtain full and coordinated nutrition supplies in the whole growing period; the growth of the watermelons can be effectively promoted; high quality of the watermelons is guaranteed, and high efficiency and yield increase can be also realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of agricultural cultivation.It is more particularly related to a kind of watermelon cultivation substrate and its
Preparation method.
Background technology
Watermelon is a kind of fruit that consumers in general like very much, nutritious, local flavor and health quality better.With people
Growth in the living standard and the enhancing of Consciousness of food security, are increasingly welcome by consumer.But traditional growth of watermelon
Method limits the growth of watermelon, and many implantation methods cultivation watermelon germination percentages are low, the weak phenomenon of seedling often, the yield of watermelon is not
High.
Substrate culture refers to fix crop root by matrix in certain place or container and be allowed to absorb nutrients
Matter and the plant cultivation method of oxygen.Most of soilless culture forms are all substrate cultures.Soilless culture substrate refers to can be for planting
Water that thing is stably coordinated to provide, fertilizer, the somatomedin of the Lifestyle factor such as air and heat, it is except supporting, in addition to fixing plant, more important
The carrier acting as nutrient and moisture, make effectively to be supplied from the nutrition of its own and the nutrient in the environment and moisture
Give buffering, root system of plant can be by required ratio selective absorbing.
Cultivation matrix the most frequently used at present is mainly vermiculite, perlite, but easily appearance is hardened, permeability is bad, nutrient
Balance is deteriorated, shock-absorbing capacity diminishes, and generic media water, fertilizer, air and heat can not meet watermelon completely well and germinate, emerge
With growth demand.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solution at least the above, and provide the advantage that at least will be described later.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a kind of watermelon cultivation substrate and preparation method thereof, its nutrient content comprehensively,
Proportional balancing method is coordinated, and makes watermelon throughout the growing season can obtain the fully nutrition supply coordinated, effectively facilitates the life of watermelon
Long it is ensured that also can efficiently increase production while the better quality of watermelon.
In order to realize according to object of the present invention and further advantage, there is provided a kind of watermelon cultivation substrate, including with
The component of lower parts by weight:
40~50 parts of earthworm excrement, 10~15 parts of vermiculite, 8~10 parts of perlite, 10~15 parts of molasses fermented liquid, cigarette ash 3~5
Part, 3~5 parts of tangerine pith, 3~5 parts of fermented bacterium, water content be 90% 20~30 parts of soft silt, 15~20 parts of pine needle, sea-buckthorn
3~5 parts, 3~5 parts of cactus, 3~5 parts of aloe, 3~5 parts of the tuber of dwarf lilyturf, 3~5 parts of purslane, wild 3~5 parts of cucumber, adjust phosphine 1~
2 parts, 10~20 parts of inorganic fertilizer, it is 3~6 that described fermented bacterium includes mass ratio:4~6:2~3:1 saccharomycete, lactic acid bacteria, unwrapping wire
Bacterium and bacillus.
Preferably, described watermelon cultivation substrate, including the component of following parts by weight:
45 parts of earthworm excrement, 12 parts of vermiculite, 8 parts of perlite, 12 parts of molasses fermented liquid, 4 parts of cigarette ash, 4 parts of tangerine pith, fermented bacterium 4
Part, water content be 90% 25 parts of soft silt, 18 parts of pine needle, 4 parts of sea-buckthorn, 4 parts of cactus, 4 parts of aloe, 4 parts of the tuber of dwarf lilyturf, dent
4 parts of amaranth, wild 4 parts of cucumber, 1 part of phosphine of regulation, 15 parts of inorganic fertilizer, it is 4 that described fermented bacterium includes mass ratio:4:2:1 saccharomycete, breast
Sour bacterium, actinomyces and bacillus.
Preferably, described watermelon cultivation substrate, it is 2 that inorganic fertilizer includes mass ratio:1:1 urea, calcium superphosphate and
Potassium chloride.
A kind of preparation method of watermelon cultivation substrate, comprises the following steps:
Step one, the pine needle of above-mentioned parts by weight, sea-buckthorn, cactus, aloe, the tuber of dwarf lilyturf, purslane and wild cucumber are processed
And it is mixed to get block, the fermented bacterium of above-mentioned parts by weight is divided into two equal portions, the water content by above-mentioned parts by weight is
90% soft silting, arranges multiple top-down blind holes on surface, by block and first part of fermented bacterium dispersion
To blind hole, once stack fermentation 28~30 days, obtain the first fermentate, stir, above-mentioned parts by weight are molasses fermented
Liquid is sprayed onto on the first fermentate, mixes with the tangerine pith of above-mentioned parts by weight, adds second part of fermented bacterium, secondary stacking fermentation
20~24 days, obtain the second fermentate, air-dry to water content 30~35%, obtain matrix A;
Step 2, by the vermiculite of above-mentioned parts by weight, perlite mixing, be crushed to 100~150 mesh, be immersed in above-mentioned heavy
The mass fraction of the inorganic fertilizer of amount number is in 10% aqueous solution, keeps 30~60min, air-dries to water content 30~35%,
Add the earthworm excrement of above-mentioned parts by weight, cigarette ash, adjust phosphine, mix, obtain matrix B;
Step 3, by matrix A and matrix B co-grinding, obtain the particle of particle diameter≤5mm, screening, obtain final product.
Preferably, the preparation method of described watermelon cultivation substrate, the once stacking sweat in step one, every
Atomizer is adopted within 3~5 days to spray water droplets 6~8h, secondary stacking sweat, turning in every 6~8 days is once.
Preferably, the preparation method of described watermelon cultivation substrate, the vermiculite in step 2, perlite are located through pre-
Reason:Vermiculite and perlite are immersed in 80~85 DEG C of agar solution, keep 10~15min, be suddenly cooled to below 30 DEG C, remove
The agar of solidification, obtains final product.
The present invention at least includes following beneficial effect:The cultivation matrix of the present invention include pine needle, sea-buckthorn, cactus, aloe,
The tuber of dwarf lilyturf, purslane and wild cucumber, can improve soil, the growth of promotion seedlings root, and soft silt specific retention is high, adjusts phosphine energy
Enough increase sugariness, tangerine pith prevents hardened, dredging collateral, and the present invention is also fully utilized by the molasses fermented liquid of Sugarcane Industry chain, containing big
The organic matter of amount, amino acid, trace element belong to natural organic substance, and fermented bacterium possesses fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, potassium decomposing, quickening have
Machine thing becomes thoroughly decomposed, and the features such as strong stress resistance, is immersed in the aqueous solution of inorganic fertilizer after vermiculite, perlite mixing, strengthen matrix conveying,
Transparent performance, strengthens fertilizer conservation water holding capacity;Watermelon seedlings are cultivated using matrix of the present invention, pest and disease damage incidence is low, and seedling is more
Healthy and strong.
Part is embodied by the further advantage of the present invention, target and feature by description below, and part also will be by this
Invention research and practice and be understood by the person skilled in the art.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, to make those skilled in the art with reference to specification
Word can be implemented according to this.
It should be noted that experimental technique described in following embodiments, if no special instructions, it is conventional method, institute
State reagent and material, if no special instructions, all commercially obtain.
<Embodiment 1>
A kind of watermelon cultivation substrate, including the component of following parts by weight:
50 parts of earthworm excrement, 15 parts of vermiculite, 10 parts of perlite, 15 parts of molasses fermented liquid, 5 parts of cigarette ash, 5 parts of tangerine pith, fermented bacterium 5
Part, water content be 90% 30 parts of soft silt, 20 parts of pine needle, 5 parts of sea-buckthorn, 5 parts of cactus, 5 parts of aloe, 5 parts of the tuber of dwarf lilyturf, dent
5 parts of amaranth, wild 5 parts of cucumber, 2 parts of phosphine of regulation, 20 parts of inorganic fertilizer, it is 6 that described fermented bacterium includes mass ratio:6:3:1 saccharomycete, breast
Sour bacterium, actinomyces and bacillus, it is 2 that inorganic fertilizer includes mass ratio:1:1 urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride.
A kind of preparation method of watermelon cultivation substrate, comprises the following steps:
Step one, the pine needle of above-mentioned parts by weight, sea-buckthorn, cactus, aloe, the tuber of dwarf lilyturf, purslane and wild cucumber are processed
And it is mixed to get block, the fermented bacterium of above-mentioned parts by weight is divided into two equal portions, the water content by above-mentioned parts by weight is
90% soft silting, arranges multiple top-down blind holes on surface, by block and first part of fermented bacterium dispersion
To blind hole, once stack fermentation 30 days, adopted atomizer to spray water droplets 8h every 5 days, obtain the first fermentate, stirring is all
Even, the molasses fermented liquid of above-mentioned parts by weight is sprayed onto on the first fermentate, mixes with the tangerine pith of above-mentioned parts by weight, add
Second part of fermented bacterium, secondary stacking is fermented 24 days, and turning in every 8 days once, obtains the second fermentate, air-dries to water content
35%, obtain matrix A;
Step 2, the vermiculite of above-mentioned parts by weight and perlite are immersed in 85 DEG C of agar solution, keep 15min,
Suddenly it is cooled to below 30 DEG C, remove the agar of solidification, co-grinding to 150 mesh, be immersed in the matter of the inorganic fertilizer of above-mentioned parts by weight
Amount fraction is in 10% aqueous solution, keeps 60min, air-dries earthworm excrement, the cigarette adding above-mentioned parts by weight to water content 35%
Ash, regulation phosphine, mix, obtain matrix B;
Step 3, by matrix A and matrix B co-grinding, obtain the particle of particle diameter≤5mm, screening, obtain final product.
<Embodiment 2>
A kind of watermelon cultivation substrate, including the component of following parts by weight:
40 parts of earthworm excrement, 10 parts of vermiculite, 8 parts of perlite, 10 parts of molasses fermented liquid, 3 parts of cigarette ash, 3 parts of tangerine pith, fermented bacterium 3
Part, water content be 90% 20 parts of soft silt, 15 parts of pine needle, 3 parts of sea-buckthorn, 3 parts of cactus, 3 parts of aloe, 3 parts of the tuber of dwarf lilyturf, dent
3 parts of amaranth, wild 3 parts of cucumber, 1 part of phosphine of regulation, 10 parts of inorganic fertilizer, it is 3 that described fermented bacterium includes mass ratio:4:2:1 saccharomycete, breast
Sour bacterium, actinomyces and bacillus, it is 2 that inorganic fertilizer includes mass ratio:1:1 urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride.
A kind of preparation method of watermelon cultivation substrate, comprises the following steps:
Step one, the pine needle of above-mentioned parts by weight, sea-buckthorn, cactus, aloe, the tuber of dwarf lilyturf, purslane and wild cucumber are processed
And it is mixed to get block, the fermented bacterium of above-mentioned parts by weight is divided into two equal portions, the water content by above-mentioned parts by weight is
90% soft silting, arranges multiple top-down blind holes on surface, by block and first part of fermented bacterium dispersion
To blind hole, once stack fermentation 28 days, adopted atomizer to spray water droplets 6h every 3 days, obtain the first fermentate, stirring is all
Even, the molasses fermented liquid of above-mentioned parts by weight is sprayed onto on the first fermentate, mixes with the tangerine pith of above-mentioned parts by weight, add
Second part of fermented bacterium, secondary stacking is fermented 20 days, and turning in every 6 days once, obtains the second fermentate, air-dries to water content
30%, obtain matrix A;
Step 2, the vermiculite of above-mentioned parts by weight and perlite are immersed in 80 DEG C of agar solution, keep 10min,
Suddenly it is cooled to below 30 DEG C, remove the agar of solidification, co-grinding to 100 mesh, be immersed in the matter of the inorganic fertilizer of above-mentioned parts by weight
Amount fraction is in 10% aqueous solution, keeps 30min, air-dries earthworm excrement, the cigarette adding above-mentioned parts by weight to water content 30%
Ash, regulation phosphine, mix, obtain matrix B;
Step 3, by matrix A and matrix B co-grinding, obtain the particle of particle diameter≤5mm, screening, obtain final product.
<Embodiment 3>
A kind of watermelon cultivation substrate, including the component of following parts by weight:
45 parts of earthworm excrement, 12 parts of vermiculite, 8 parts of perlite, 12 parts of molasses fermented liquid, 4 parts of cigarette ash, 4 parts of tangerine pith, fermented bacterium 4
Part, water content be 90% 25 parts of soft silt, 18 parts of pine needle, 4 parts of sea-buckthorn, 4 parts of cactus, 4 parts of aloe, 4 parts of the tuber of dwarf lilyturf, dent
4 parts of amaranth, wild 4 parts of cucumber, 1 part of phosphine of regulation, 15 parts of inorganic fertilizer, it is 4 that described fermented bacterium includes mass ratio:4:2:1 saccharomycete, breast
Sour bacterium, actinomyces and bacillus, it is 2 that inorganic fertilizer includes mass ratio:1:1 urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride.
A kind of preparation method of watermelon cultivation substrate, comprises the following steps:
Step one, the pine needle of above-mentioned parts by weight, sea-buckthorn, cactus, aloe, the tuber of dwarf lilyturf, purslane and wild cucumber are processed
And it is mixed to get block, the fermented bacterium of above-mentioned parts by weight is divided into two equal portions, the water content by above-mentioned parts by weight is
90% soft silting, arranges multiple top-down blind holes on surface, by block and first part of fermented bacterium dispersion
To blind hole, once stack fermentation 28~30 days, adopted atomizer to spray water droplets 6~8h every 3~5 days, obtain first
Ferment thing, stirs, and the molasses fermented liquid of above-mentioned parts by weight is sprayed onto the tangerine on the first fermentate, with above-mentioned parts by weight
Network mixes, and adds second part of fermented bacterium, and secondary stacking is fermented 20~24 days, and turning in every 6~8 days once, obtains the second fermentation
Thing, air-dries to water content 30~35%, obtains matrix A;
Step 2, the vermiculite of above-mentioned parts by weight and perlite are immersed in 80~85 DEG C of agar solution, keep 10
~15min, is cooled to below 30 DEG C suddenly, removes the agar of solidification, and co-grinding, to 100~150 mesh, is immersed in above-mentioned parts by weight
The mass fraction of inorganic fertilizer be in 10% aqueous solution, keep 30~60min, air-dry to water content 30~35%, in addition
State the earthworm excrement of parts by weight, cigarette ash, adjust phosphine, mix, obtain matrix B;
Step 3, by matrix A and matrix B co-grinding, obtain the particle of particle diameter≤5mm, screening, obtain final product.
<Cultivation matrix physicochemical property is tested>
The cultivation matrix of embodiment 1~3 is carried out with the test of physicochemical property it is found that the cultivation base of embodiment 1~3
The specific retention of matter is high, good permeability, rich in organic matter, humic acid, beneficial bacterium and various nutrient.
<Watermelon seedlings form is tested>
The matrix that market is bought is taken to make to ratio, the cultivation matrix to embodiment 1~3 and comparative example carry out seedling morphology
Statistics it is found that embodiment 1~3 process the plant height of watermelon plant, stem is thick, blade is maximum, far above comparative example.
<Watermelon seedlings biomass is tested>
The matrix that market is bought is taken to make to ratio, the cultivation matrix to embodiment 1~3 and comparative example carry out Seedling Biomass
Statistics and seedling vigorous index statistics it is found that embodiment 1~3 process the total dry weight of watermelon plant, seedling vigorous index remote
Higher than comparative example.
<Sugariness of water-melon is tested>
Take the matrix that market is bought to make to ratio, the cultivation matrix to embodiment 1~3 and comparative example carry out center pol,
While pol statistics it is found that embodiment 1~3 process watermelon plant center pol, while pol be far above comparative example.
Although embodiment of the present invention is disclosed as above, it is not restricted to listed in specification and embodiment
With, it can be applied to various suitable the field of the invention completely, for those skilled in the art, can be easily
Realize other modification, therefore under the universal being limited without departing substantially from claim and equivalency range, the present invention does not limit
In specific details with shown here as the embodiment with description.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of watermelon cultivation substrate is it is characterised in that include the component of following parts by weight:
40~50 parts of earthworm excrement, 10~15 parts of vermiculite, 8~10 parts of perlite, 10~15 parts of molasses fermented liquid, 3~5 parts of cigarette ash, tangerine
3~5 parts of network, 3~5 parts of fermented bacterium, water content be 90% 20~30 parts of soft silt, 15~20 parts of pine needle, sea-buckthorn 3~5
Part, 3~5 parts of cactus, 3~5 parts of aloe, 3~5 parts of the tuber of dwarf lilyturf, 3~5 parts of purslane, wild 3~5 parts of cucumber, adjust 1~2 part of phosphine,
10~20 parts of inorganic fertilizer, it is 3~6 that described fermented bacterium includes mass ratio:4~6:2~3:1 saccharomycete, lactic acid bacteria, actinomyces and
Bacillus.
2. watermelon cultivation substrate as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that include the component of following parts by weight:
45 parts of earthworm excrement, 12 parts of vermiculite, 8 parts of perlite, 12 parts of molasses fermented liquid, 4 parts of cigarette ash, 4 parts of tangerine pith, 4 parts of fermented bacterium, contains
The water yield be 90% 25 parts of soft silt, 18 parts of pine needle, 4 parts of sea-buckthorn, 4 parts of cactus, 4 parts of aloe, 4 parts of the tuber of dwarf lilyturf, purslane 4
Part, wild 4 parts of cucumber, 1 part of phosphine of regulation, 15 parts of inorganic fertilizer, it is 4 that described fermented bacterium includes mass ratio:4:2:1 saccharomycete, lactic acid
Bacterium, actinomyces and bacillus.
3. watermelon cultivation substrate as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is it is characterised in that it is 2 that inorganic fertilizer includes mass ratio:1:1 urine
Element, calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride.
4. the preparation method of watermelon cultivation substrate as claimed in claim 3 is it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step one, the pine needle of above-mentioned parts by weight, sea-buckthorn, cactus, aloe, the tuber of dwarf lilyturf, purslane and wild cucumber are processed and mix
Conjunction obtains block, and the fermented bacterium of above-mentioned parts by weight is divided into two equal portions, and the water content of above-mentioned parts by weight is 90%
Soft silting, multiple top-down blind holes are set on surface, block and first part of fermented bacterium are distributed to blind
Hole, once stacks fermentation 28~30 days, obtains the first fermentate, stir, by the molasses fermented liquid spray of above-mentioned parts by weight
It is spread across on the first fermentate, mixes with the tangerine pith of above-mentioned parts by weight, add second part of fermented bacterium, secondary stacking fermentation 20~
24 days, obtain the second fermentate, air-dry to water content 30~35%, obtain matrix A;
Step 2, by the vermiculite of above-mentioned parts by weight, perlite mixing, be crushed to 100~150 mesh, be immersed in above-mentioned weight portion
The mass fraction of the inorganic fertilizer of number is in 10% aqueous solution, keeps 30~60min, air-dries to water content 30~35%, adds
The earthworm excrement of above-mentioned parts by weight, cigarette ash, regulation phosphine, mix, obtain matrix B;
Step 3, by matrix A and matrix B co-grinding, obtain the particle of particle diameter≤5mm, screening, obtain final product.
5. the preparation method of watermelon cultivation substrate as claimed in claim 4 is it is characterised in that the once stacking in step one is sent out
Ferment process, adopted atomizer to spray water droplets 6~8h, secondary stacking sweat, turning one in every 6~8 days every 3~5 days
Secondary.
6. the preparation method of watermelon cultivation substrate as claimed in claim 5 is it is characterised in that vermiculite in step 2, pearl
Rock is through pretreatment:Vermiculite and perlite are immersed in 80~85 DEG C of agar solution, keep 10~15min, be quenched to low
In 30 DEG C, remove the agar of solidification, obtain final product.
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CN104478563A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-04-01 | 重庆牧文农业有限公司 | Seedling culturing matrix for watermelons |
CN105284475A (en) * | 2015-10-31 | 2016-02-03 | 阜南县赵氏家庭农场 | Watermelon planting substrate |
CN105684847A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-06-22 | 南京农业大学 | Seedling cultivation substrate special for watermelons and preparation method thereof |
CN105693381A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-06-22 | 南京农业大学 | Seedling culture medium of watermelon seedlings as well as preparation method and application of seedling culture medium |
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2016
- 2016-08-31 CN CN201610783330.1A patent/CN106396925A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102138499A (en) * | 2011-03-20 | 2011-08-03 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 | Watermelon seedling culturing substrate and application thereof |
CN102919111A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-02-13 | 扬州瑞华环境与生物工程研究所有限公司 | Method for preventing successive cropping obstacle of watermelon and seedlings growing and cultivating medium |
CN103787732A (en) * | 2013-12-21 | 2014-05-14 | 镇江兴农有机肥有限公司 | Watermelon plug seedling matrix and preparation method thereof |
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CN105693381A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-06-22 | 南京农业大学 | Seedling culture medium of watermelon seedlings as well as preparation method and application of seedling culture medium |
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