CN106396787A - A nursery stock slow release fertilizer - Google Patents
A nursery stock slow release fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN106396787A CN106396787A CN201610587027.4A CN201610587027A CN106396787A CN 106396787 A CN106396787 A CN 106396787A CN 201610587027 A CN201610587027 A CN 201610587027A CN 106396787 A CN106396787 A CN 106396787A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
A nursery stock slow release fertilizer is disclosed. The fertilizer is prepared by mixing 100 parts by weight of urea-formaldehyde, 30-50 parts by weight of soil improving slow-release particles, 20-30 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate, 10-20 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 5-10 parts by weight of potassium chloride, 15-25 parts by weight of urea and 3-5 parts by weight of zinc sulfate, granulating and performing film coating. The fertilizer is comprehensive in nutrition, slow in release, long-acting, durable in fertility, and capable of greatly reducing the number of times of fertilization and effectively increasing nursery stock growth and quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of nursery stock is fertile, particularly to a kind of nursery stock slow-release fertilizer.
Background technology
Nursery stock is the sapling with root system and seedling stem.No matter all sapling age sizes cultivated in nursery, do not going out garden
Before, all claim nursery stock.Nursery stock species：Seedling, planting stock, nursery transplant, reserved bed seedling.Nursery stock can also be divided according to shrub
Class, typically relatively many in northern arbor seedling, southern shrub is relatively more, and this is mainly due to caused by growth weather.Fertilizer is
The required nutrient of plant growth, a great number of elements fertilizer that tradition uses is nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), moderate-element magnesium, boron and
Trace element molybdenum (Mo), zinc (Zn) etc..The seedling growth phase is longer, and common fertilizer needs repeatedly to apply, and nursery stock is at first
The ability ratio absorbing nourishment to external world is relatively low, and nutrient loss is larger.For the characteristic of nourishing and growing of nursery stock, research and development are rationally, efficiently
Fertilizer to improving nursery stock nutrientuse efficiency, yield, quality and preserve the ecological environment extremely important, but current China for
The research of nursery stock fertilizer is not a lot, and therefore on market, active demand is a kind of is directed to cultivating seedlings dedicated fertilizer, quick to meet
The demand in the afforestation field of development.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of nursery stock slow-release fertilizer, nutrient is complete, slow release long-acting, the little fertility of nutrient loss
Persistently, fertilizer application frequency can be greatly reduced, effectively the growth of lifting nursery stock and quality.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：
A kind of nursery stock slow-release fertilizer, by weight, obtains by following components mixing granulation and after film：Ureaformaldehyde 100
Part, soil improvement slow-releasing granules 30-50 part, calcium superphosphate 20-30 part, potassium sulfate 10-20 part, potassium chloride 5-10 part, urea 15-
25 parts, zinc sulfate 3-5 part.
The nursery stock of present invention slow-release fertilizer adopts three-level sustained release design, the outermost layer setting film layer (ureaformaldehyde of fertiliser granulates
Coating layer) as first order extended release, stop the quick loss of nutrient content, the ureaformaldehyde composition in fertilizer is sustained as two grades, soil
Earth improvement slow-releasing granules are sustained as three-level, and retain water and nutrients ability is strong.Such three-level sustained release is so that the nursery stock of the present invention is with delaying
Release fertilizer slow-release long-acting, fertility is lasting.Preferably, the preparation method of described ureaformaldehyde is：According to urea：Formaldehyde=1.4:1-
1.6:1 mol ratio, urea is added in the formalin of mass concentration 35-40% preheating, added acid-catalyst adjusts pH to 4-
6, it is uniformly mixed, cooled, air-dry, grind, sieving, obtain the ureaformaldehyde of powdery.Urea first using the inventive method preparation
The index of activity of aldehyde product is higher, containing more slow release nitrogen, had good sustained release effect.
Preferably, the formalin temperature of preheating is 25-30 DEG C.
Preferably, acid catalyst is by weight by 5-8 part phosphoric acid, 1-3 part sulfuric acid, 3-5 part oxalic acid and 1-3 part acetic acid
Mix.Using the present invention inorganic acid and organic acid mixture as acid catalyst, the ureaformaldehyde being obtained has preferably
Slow release nitrogen.
Preferably, the preparation method of described soil improvement slow-releasing granules is as follows：
(1) by bladder-wrack extract 100 weight portion, wormcast 40-60 weight portion, fly maggot excrement 90-100 weight portion, bamboo vinegar
Liquid 30-50 weight portion, humic acid 20-30 weight portion, powder of straw 10-15 part, ramulus mori powder 15-25 weight portion, pine needle meal 10-20 weight
Amount part and molasses 25-40 weight portion are uniformly mixed to obtain mixture, and regulation to the water content that adds water in mixture is 60-65%
Obtain fermentation substrate；Powder of straw is wheat stalk：Rice straw：Soybean stalk：Maize straw=1:1:1:After 1 mass ratio mixing
Pulverize and obtain；
(2) add composite bacteria liquid to be uniformly mixed in fermentation substrate, build at 25-35 DEG C after heap ferments 7-14 days and must send out
Ferment thing；
(3) make particle after fermentate being dried, then particle is heat-treated, after cooling, obtain product.
The present invention adopts above-mentioned specific technique processing soil improvement slow-releasing granules it is ensured that product fertility is efficient, lasting,
Had good sustained release effect is it is easy to absorb.The present invention first carries out biofermentation process using composite bacteria liquid, can make fly maggot excrement, bamboo vinegar, corruption
Grow acid, powder of straw, ramulus mori powder, pine needle meal and wormcast and bladder-wrack extract be glued further, promote fly maggot excrement, bamboo vinegar,
Humic acid, powder of straw, ramulus mori powder, the nutriment of pine needle meal resolve into and are easier to plant absorption composition, meanwhile, at biofermentation
Reason can also kill harmful microorganism.Molasses, as the best nutritional source of compound bacteria, can promote growth and the breeding of flora.Finally right
The particle being obtained after fermentation is heat-treated so that each composition, further combined with forming complex, can promote organic and inorganic composition
It is combined and surface chemical reaction and ion exchange, so that fly maggot excrement is changed into similar to soil humic metallic substance, powder of straw, ramulus mori
Powder, pine needle meal are further converted into easily absorbing composition, ultimately form relatively stable complex, play efficient water conservation, fertilizer conservation work(
Effect.
The soil improvement slow-releasing granules of the present invention are with bladder-wrack extract, wormcast for main sustained release matrix.Bladder-wrack carries
Take thing to have abundant pore structure, for keeping nutrient content to reduce slow loss, there is stronger water conservation, function of fertilizer retention,
And extend fertilizer efficiency, play slow releasing function.Sodium alginate in bladder-wrack extract can improve photosynthetic efficiency, improves growth rate
With improving product quality, increase resistance.Wormcast is a kind of black, class material in small, broken bits that is homogeneous, having nature Earthy Taste, has
Permeability, aeration, drainage and high water-holding capacity well.The present invention with wormcast as sustained release matrix, wormcast particle first
There is very big surface area, pore structure is good, retain water and nutrients effect is good, meanwhile, wormcast rich in nutrition content itself, contained by it
Nutrient content and trace element etc. be especially suitable for the growth of nursery stock.The small graininess of wormcast can also help promote soil with
Air contacts as much as possible, and they make soil no longer hardened and hard with after soil mixing, and the use of wormcast can improve nursery stock
Tree surrounding soil structure.The microcellular structure of bladder-wrack extract and wormcast is worked in coordination, and plays slow releasing function from different perspectives,
Complement each other, together constitute the sustained release matrix of soil improvement slow-releasing granules of the present invention.
Fly maggot excrement, bamboo vinegar, molasses and humic acid are nutritious, rich in materials such as organic matter and protein, are that nursery stock carries
For the source of nutrition of high-quality, powder of straw, ramulus mori powder, pine needle meal, rich in nutrition content provides nutritional supplementation for auxiliary.The present invention's
Soil improvement slow-releasing granules are directed to nursery stock needs fertile characteristic to carry out formula design, and each group is divided and cooperated, nutrition arrangement rationally, association
With playing a role, fertility is lasting, while playing slow release effect, the chemical fertilizer groups that in also adsorbable fixing product, other is easy to run off
Point, improve seedling growth speed, improve nursery stock quality.Meanwhile, the soil improvement slow-releasing granules of the present invention are suitable to microbial reproduction,
Composition, close to agron, has good improving effect for lean soil, be fertilizer be soil conditioner again.
Preferably, composite bacteria liquid consumption is the 5-10% of fermentation substrate weight in step (1).
Preferably, composite bacteria liquid by EM bacterium solution and Bacillus subtillis liquid according to 1:0.5-0.7 volume ratio mixing and
Become, viable count >=100,000,000/milliliter of EM bacterium solution, viable count >=100,000,000/milliliter of Bacillus subtillis liquid.Using in the present invention
State specific composite bacteria liquid proportioning, biofermentation effect is good.
Preferably, the described heat treatment of step (3) is to be warming up to 150-180 DEG C with the heating rate of 5-10 DEG C/min, protect
Hold 50-70min.Using the above-mentioned specific heat treatment condition of the present invention, form relatively stable organic mineral complex, play efficiently
Water conservation, fertilizer conservation effect.
Preferably, the preparation method of described bladder-wrack extract is as follows：
(1) bladder-wrack dry product is pulverized to obtain bladder-wrack crushed material, by the lemon of bladder-wrack crushed material and mass concentration 1-3%
Acid sodium solution is according to 1g：The proportioning mixing of 10-20mL, controls temperature 45-50 DEG C, stirs 3-5 hour, filter, wash to obtain pre- place
Reason thing；
(2) by the sulfuric acid solution of pretreatment thing and mass concentration 10-15% according to 1g：The proportioning of 10-15mL mixes,
Control temperature 30-35 DEG C, acidolysis 10-20min obtains acidolysis thing；
(3) by the sodium carbonate liquor of acidolysis thing and mass concentration 20-30% according to 1g：The proportioning mixing of 5-10mL, stirring
Reaction 20-30min, reduced pressure concentration, obtain bladder-wrack extract after freeze-drying.
Bladder-wrack of the present invention is pre-processed with sodium citrate solution, to remove the heavy metal of bladder-wrack enrichment itself.By this
The technique of invention, rationally, porosity is high for gained bladder-wrack extract component, and reference area is big, and retain water and nutrients effect is good.
Preferably, the coating liquid quality by the urea of 80-110 part, 120-160 part by weight that film uses is dense
The formalin of degree 38%, the inorganic acid of 0.0001-0.001 part mix, and inorganic acid is by the sulfuric acid of 5-7 weight portion and 3-5
The phosphoric acid of weight portion mixes.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：Nutrient is complete, slow release long-acting, and fertility persistently, can greatly reduce fertilizer application frequency, effectively
The growth rate of lifting nursery stock and quality.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, technical scheme is described in further detail.
In the present invention, if not refering in particular to, the raw material being adopted and equipment etc. are all commercially available or commonly used in the art.
Method in following embodiments, if no special instructions, is the conventional method of this area.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of nursery stock slow-release fertilizer, by weight, formula is as follows：100 parts of ureaformaldehyde, soil improvement slow-releasing granules 30
Part, 20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10 parts of potassium sulfate, 5 parts of potassium chloride, 25 parts of urea, 3 parts of zinc sulfate；Mentioned component is mixed, squeezes
Pressure granulation, and spray a coating film liquid again in particle surface, form one layer of ureaformaldehyde coating layer.Coating liquid is by weight by 80 parts
Urea, 120 parts of mass concentration 38% formalin, 0.0001 part of inorganic acid mix, inorganic acid is by 5 weight portions
The phosphoric acid (concentration 85wt%) of sulfuric acid (concentration 98wt%) and 5 weight portions mixes.The preparation method of described ureaformaldehyde is：Press
According to urea：Formaldehyde=1.4:1 mol ratio, urea is added mass concentration 35% to be preheated in 30 DEG C of formalin, acid adding
Catalyst adjusts pH to 4, is uniformly mixed, cooled, air-dry, grind, sieving, and obtains the ureaformaldehyde of powdery；Acid catalyst is pressed
Weight portion meter is by 5 parts of phosphoric acid (concentration 85wt%), 3 parts of sulfuric acid (concentration 98wt%), 3 parts of oxalic acid (concentration 15wt%) and 1 part of second
Sour (concentration 38wt%) mixes.
The preparation method of described soil improvement slow-releasing granules is as follows：
(1) by bladder-wrack extract 100 weight portion, wormcast 40 weight portion, fly maggot excrement 90 weight portion, bamboo vinegar 30 weight
Part, humic acid 30 weight portion, 10 parts of powder of straw, ramulus mori powder 25 weight portion, pine needle meal 10 weight portion and the stirring of molasses 40 weight portion
Mix to obtain mixture, regulation to the water content that adds water in mixture obtains fermentation substrate for 60-65%.
(2) composite bacteria liquid is added to be uniformly mixed in fermentation substrate, composite bacteria liquid consumption is fermentation base in step (1)
Build at 5%, 25-35 DEG C of matter weight after heap ferments 7-14 days and obtain fermentate；Composite bacteria liquid is by EM bacterium solution (commercially available) and withered grass bud
Born of the same parents' bacillus liquid (commercially available) are according to 1:0.5 volume ratio mixes, viable count >=100,000,000/milliliter of EM bacterium solution, Ko subtilis bar
The viable count of bacterium solution >=100,000,000/milliliter.
(3) make particle after fermentate being dried, then particle is heat-treated, described heat treatment is with the liter of 5 DEG C/min
Warm ramp, to 150 DEG C, keeps 70min, obtains product after cooling.
The preparation method of described bladder-wrack extract is as follows：
(1) bladder-wrack dry product is pulverized to obtain bladder-wrack crushed material, by the citric acid of bladder-wrack crushed material and mass concentration 1%
Sodium solution is according to 1g：The proportioning mixing of 20mL, controls temperature 45 C, stirs 5 hours, filter, wash and must pre-process thing.
(2) by the sulfuric acid solution of pretreatment thing and mass concentration 10% according to 1g：The proportioning of 15mL mixes, and controls temperature
30 DEG C of degree, acidolysis 20min obtains acidolysis thing.
(3) by the sodium carbonate liquor of acidolysis thing and mass concentration 20% according to 1g：The proportioning mixing of 10mL, stirring reaction
20min, reduced pressure concentration, obtain bladder-wrack extract after freeze-drying.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of nursery stock slow-release fertilizer, by weight, formula is as follows：100 parts of ureaformaldehyde, soil improvement slow-releasing granules 50
Part, 30 parts of calcium superphosphate, 20 parts of potassium sulfate, 10 parts of potassium chloride, 15 parts of urea, 5 parts of zinc sulfate；Mentioned component is mixed,
Extruder grain, and spray a coating film liquid again in particle surface, form one layer of ureaformaldehyde coating layer.Coating liquid by weight by
110 parts of urea, 160 parts of mass concentration 38% formalin, 0.001 part of inorganic acid mix, and inorganic acid is by 7 weight
The phosphoric acid (concentration 85wt%) of the sulfuric acid (concentration 98wt%) of part and 3 weight portions mixes.The preparation method of described ureaformaldehyde
For：According to urea：Formaldehyde=1.6:1 mol ratio, urea is added mass concentration 40% to be preheated in 25 DEG C of formalin,
Added acid-catalyst adjusts pH to 6, is uniformly mixed, cooled, air-dry, grind, sieving, and obtains the ureaformaldehyde of powdery；Acid catalysis
Agent is by weight by 8 parts of phosphoric acid (concentration 85wt%), 1 part of sulfuric acid (concentration 98wt%), 5 parts of oxalic acid (concentration 15wt%) and 3
Part acetic acid (concentration 38wt%) mixes.
The preparation method of described soil improvement slow-releasing granules is as follows：
(1) by bladder-wrack extract 100 weight portion, wormcast 60 weight portion, fly maggot excrement 100 weight portion, bamboo vinegar 50 weight
Amount part, humic acid 20 weight portion, 15 parts of powder of straw, ramulus mori powder 15 weight portion, pine needle meal 20 weight portion and molasses 25 weight portion stir
Mix and mix to obtain mixture, regulation to the water content that adds water in mixture obtains fermentation substrate for 60-65%.
(2) composite bacteria liquid is added to be uniformly mixed in fermentation substrate, composite bacteria liquid consumption is fermentation base in step (1)
Build at 10%, 25-35 DEG C of matter weight after heap ferments 7-14 days and obtain fermentate；Composite bacteria liquid is by EM bacterium solution (commercially available) and withered grass bud
Born of the same parents' bacillus liquid (commercially available) are according to 1:0.7 volume ratio mixes, viable count >=100,000,000/milliliter of EM bacterium solution, Ko subtilis bar
The viable count of bacterium solution >=100,000,000/milliliter.
(3) make particle after fermentate being dried, then particle is heat-treated, described heat treatment is with the liter of 10 DEG C/min
Warm ramp, to 180 DEG C, keeps 50min, obtains product after cooling.
The preparation method of described bladder-wrack extract is as follows：
(1) bladder-wrack dry product is pulverized to obtain bladder-wrack crushed material, by the citric acid of bladder-wrack crushed material and mass concentration 3%
Sodium solution is according to 1g：The proportioning mixing of 10mL, controls temperature 50 C, stirs 3 hours, filter, wash and must pre-process thing.
(2) by the sulfuric acid solution of pretreatment thing and mass concentration 15% according to 1g：The proportioning of 10mL mixes, and controls temperature
35 DEG C of degree, acidolysis 10min obtains acidolysis thing.
(3) by the sodium carbonate liquor of acidolysis thing and mass concentration 30% according to 1g：The proportioning mixing of 5mL, stirring reaction
30min, reduced pressure concentration, obtain bladder-wrack extract after freeze-drying.
Embodiment 3：
A kind of nursery stock slow-release fertilizer, by weight, formula is as follows：100 parts of ureaformaldehyde, soil improvement slow-releasing granules 40
Part, 25 parts of calcium superphosphate, 15 parts of potassium sulfate, 8 parts of potassium chloride, 20 parts of urea, 4 parts of zinc sulfate；Mentioned component is mixed, squeezes
Pressure granulation, and spray a coating film liquid again in particle surface, form one layer of ureaformaldehyde coating layer.Coating liquid is by weight by 100
The urea of part, 140 parts of mass concentration 38% formalin, 0.0005 part of inorganic acid mix, and inorganic acid is by 6 weight portions
Sulfuric acid (concentration 98wt%) and the phosphoric acid (concentration 85wt%) of 4 weight portions mix.The preparation method of described ureaformaldehyde is：
According to urea：Formaldehyde=1.6:1 mol ratio, urea is added mass concentration 38% to be preheated in 28 DEG C of formalin, plus
Acid catalyst adjusts pH to 5, is uniformly mixed, cooled, air-dry, grind, sieving, and obtains the ureaformaldehyde of powdery；Acid catalyst
By weight by 6 parts of phosphoric acid (concentration 85wt%), 2 parts of sulfuric acid (concentration 98wt%), 4 parts of oxalic acid (concentration 15wt%) and 2 parts
Acetic acid (concentration 38wt%) mixes.
The preparation method of described soil improvement slow-releasing granules is as follows：
(1) by bladder-wrack extract 100 weight portion, wormcast 50 weight portion, fly maggot excrement 95 weight portion, bamboo vinegar 40 weight
Part, humic acid 25 weight portion, 12 parts of powder of straw, ramulus mori powder 20 weight portion, pine needle meal 15 weight portion and the stirring of molasses 30 weight portion
Mix to obtain mixture, regulation to the water content that adds water in mixture obtains fermentation substrate for 60-65%.
(2) composite bacteria liquid is added to be uniformly mixed in fermentation substrate, composite bacteria liquid consumption is fermentation base in step (1)
Build at 8%, 25-35 DEG C of matter weight after heap ferments 7-14 days and obtain fermentate；Composite bacteria liquid is by EM bacterium solution (commercially available) and withered grass bud
Born of the same parents' bacillus liquid (commercially available) are according to 1:0.6 volume ratio mixes, viable count >=100,000,000/milliliter of EM bacterium solution, Ko subtilis bar
The viable count of bacterium solution >=100,000,000/milliliter.
(3) make particle after fermentate being dried, then particle is heat-treated, described heat treatment is with the liter of 5 DEG C/min
Warm ramp, to 160 DEG C, keeps 60min, obtains product after cooling.
The preparation method of described bladder-wrack extract is as follows：
(1) bladder-wrack dry product is pulverized to obtain bladder-wrack crushed material, by the citric acid of bladder-wrack crushed material and mass concentration 2%
Sodium solution is according to 1g：The proportioning mixing of 15mL, controls temperature 50 C, stirs 4 hours, filter, wash and must pre-process thing.
(2) by the sulfuric acid solution of pretreatment thing and mass concentration 12% according to 1g：The proportioning of 12mL mixes, and controls temperature
30 DEG C of degree, acidolysis 15min obtains acidolysis thing.
(3) by the sodium carbonate liquor of acidolysis thing and mass concentration 25% according to 1g：The proportioning mixing of 8mL, stirring reaction
25min, reduced pressure concentration, obtain bladder-wrack extract after freeze-drying.
Test：
Test the impact to index of activity for the 1 ureaformaldehyde production technology
The preparation method of ureaformaldehyde is：According to urea：Formaldehyde=1:1-1.6:1 mol ratio, urea is added quality dense
Degree 37% is preheated in 30 DEG C of formalin, and added acid-catalyst adjusts pH to 4.5, is uniformly mixed, cooled, air-dried,
Grind, sieve, obtain the ureaformaldehyde of powdery.
The mensure of cold water Nonsoluble nitrogen content：Weigh fertilizer 1.5g in the beaker in tall form of 50ml, after alcohol dampening, plus
Water 20ml, is placed in 20 DEG C of thermostat water bath, is frequently stirred, and filters, incline and wash 4-5 time, residue is washed after 15min
On filter paper.Filter paper and residue are together put into disappear and are boiled in pipe, use H2SO4-CuSO4-K2SO4- Se digests, and the way of distillation measures in residue
Total nitrogen content.
The mensure of hot water Nonsoluble nitrogen content：Weigh fertilizer 0.5g in the beaker in tall form of 200ml, add CaCO3About
0.5g, adds the KH that pH is 7.52PO4And K2HPO4Buffer solution 100ml, beaker is heated 30min, liquid level in cup in boiling water bath
It is immersed under boiling water bath, stir once every 10min, fast filtering after 30min, the KH being 7.5 with 100ml pH2PO4With
K2HPO4Residue is washed till on filter paper hot cushioning liquid.Filter paper and residue are together put into disappear and are boiled in pipe, use H2SO4-CuSO4-
K2SO4- Se digests, and the way of distillation measures the total nitrogen content in residue.Computing formula：(AI)=(cold water is insoluble for nitrogen index of activity
Nitrogen hot water Nonsoluble nitrogen) × 100/ cold water Nonsoluble nitrogen
Nitrogen in urea-formaldehyde fertilizer is by cold water soluble nitrogen (CWS), hot water solubility's nitrogen (HWS) and hot water Nonsoluble nitrogen
(HWIS) three part composition.Wherein cold water is insoluble and hot water solubility's nitrogen content is higher, the controlled capability nitrogen of state can be given more, activity
Index is bigger, that is, this part nitrogen change in soil can give state nitrogen speed faster.Urea is increased from 1.0 with the proportioning of formaldehyde
During to 1.6, the total nitrogen content of product increases to 39.1% from 36.0%, and cold water Nonsoluble nitrogen and hot water Nonsoluble nitrogen content are respectively
It is reduced to 21.3% and 9.1% from 35.9% and 33.8%, index of activity brings up to 57.5 (tables 1) from 5.8.It can be seen that, using this
The index of activity of method gained ureaformaldehyde product is higher, containing more slow release nitrogen.
The impact comparing product index of activity of the amount of table 1 urea and formaldehyde different material
Test the impact to product index of activity for 2 acid catalysts：
Urea and formaldehyde are difficult to occur condensation reaction under conditions of neutrality, therefore common acid or this reaction of base catalysis,
And urea-formaldehyde fertilizer is generally condensed in acid condition and forms.Inorganic acid and organic acid all can catalyzing urea anti-with the condensation of formaldehyde
Should, when the ratio of urea and the amount of formaldehyde material is 1.4, using organic acid formic acid as catalyst, product cold water Nonsoluble nitrogen
Low with hot water Nonsoluble nitrogen content, index of activity is high；And use inorganic acid sulfuric acid as catalyst, product cold water Nonsoluble nitrogen and heat
Water-insoluble nitrogen content is high, index of activity low (table 2).Using this method mixing inorganic acid and organic acid as catalyst, institute
The product obtaining has preferable slow release nitrogen.
The impact to product index of activity for the when catalyst of the amount of table 2 urea and formaldehyde different material
Test the sustained release detraction effect of 3 products of the present invention：
Ammonia volatilization is one of main path that fertilizer nitrogen loses in Nitrogen In Soils element, reduces ammonia volatilization to raising nitrogen fertilizer use
Rate and environmental protection are significant.The peak that slow-release fertilizer processes (product of the present invention) ammonia volatilization is at the 8th day to the 12nd day
(table 3), gradually decreases later.After 28 days, the ammonia volatilization total amount of Common compound fertilizer is 30.67mg, the ammonia volatilization that slow-release fertilizer is processed
Total amount is 5.36mg, and compared with Common compound fertilizer process, slow-release fertilizer processes and can reduce ammonia loss by volatilization 82.5%.Additionally, sustained release
The fertile nitrogen release rate processing is also significantly lower than Common compound fertilizer (table 4).
The ammonia volatilization amount (mg/pot) of table 3 fertilizer
The nitrogen release rate (%) of table 4 fertilizer
Test the using effect of 4 products of the present invention：
Impact to camellia growth：3 process of experimental design：(1) do not apply fertilizer；(2) Common compound fertilizer；(3) slow-release fertilizer (this
Invention product), it is repeated 10 times.Cultivation basin alms bowl is watt matter flowerpot of 15 × 13cm (φ × H), and every basin fills Nutrition Soil 0.75kg,
The seedling being firm grafting survival for examination camellia, 1 plant of every basin.After camellia seedling survives, by the every basin of processing requirement apply slow-release fertilizer or
Common compound fertilizer 1.2g, in the soil layer of the deep 3cm of fertilizer embedment.In process of the test by camellia conventional practice carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and
Water management, after transplanting 9 months, measures biomass, the content of blade Determination of Chlorophyll and examination plant height and the ground diameter of camellia plant.
Test shows, slow-release fertilizer can be obviously promoted the growth (table 5) of camellia.Slow-release fertilizer processes compared with Common compound fertilizer process, biological
Amount increase by 168%, wherein root biomass increase by 129%, and stem biomass increases by 187%, and Leaf biomass increases by 185% (table 5).Apply
Camellia blade Determination of Chlorophyll content also can be improved with slow-release fertilizer.Slow-release fertilizer processes compared with Common compound fertilizer process, the leaf of blade
Chlorophyll contents increase by 14.7% (table 6).Apply slow-release fertilizer and process the increase of camellia blade Determination of Chlorophyll content, not only contribute to photosynthetic
Effect, promotes plant fast-growth, increases biomass, and leaf color is dark green, bright in colour, and the aesthetics significantly improving camellia is viewed and admired
It is worth.
The impact to camellia proterties for table 5 slow-release fertilizer
Note：Plant height, ground diameter are the mean value of 10 seedlings.
The impact (mg/g fresh weight) to chlorophyll content in leaf blades for table 6 slow-release fertilizer
Embodiment described above is one kind preferably scheme of the present invention, not the present invention is made any pro forma
Limit, also have other variants and remodeling on the premise of without departing from the technical scheme described in claim.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of nursery stock slow-release fertilizer it is characterised in that by weight, obtains by following components mixing granulation and after film：
100 parts of ureaformaldehyde, soil improvement slow-releasing granules 30-50 part, calcium superphosphate 20-30 part, potassium sulfate 10-20 part, potassium chloride 5-10
Part, urea 15-25 part, zinc sulfate 3-5 part.
2. a kind of nursery stock slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：The preparation method of described ureaformaldehyde is：
According to urea：Formaldehyde=1.4:1-1.6:1 mol ratio, urea is added in the formalin of mass concentration 35-40% preheating,
Added acid-catalyst adjusts pH to 4-6, is uniformly mixed, cooled, air-dry, grind, sieving, and obtains the ureaformaldehyde of powdery.
3. a kind of nursery stock slow-release fertilizer according to claim 2 it is characterised in that：The formalin temperature of preheating is 25-
30℃.
4. a kind of nursery stock slow-release fertilizer according to claim 2 it is characterised in that：Acid catalyst is by weight by 5-8
Part phosphoric acid, 1-3 part sulfuric acid, 3-5 part oxalic acid and 1-3 part acetic acid mix.
5. a kind of nursery stock slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1 and 2 it is characterised in that：Described soil improvement slow-releasing granules
Preparation method as follows：
(1) by bladder-wrack extract 100 weight portion, wormcast 40-60 weight portion, fly maggot excrement 90-100 weight portion, bamboo vinegar 30-
50 weight portions, humic acid 20-30 weight portion, powder of straw 10-15 part, ramulus mori powder 15-25 weight portion, pine needle meal 10-20 weight portion
And molasses 25-40 weight portion is uniformly mixed to obtain mixture, regulation to the water content that adds water in mixture must be sent out for 60-65%
Ferment matrix；
(2) add composite bacteria liquid to be uniformly mixed in fermentation substrate, build at 25-35 DEG C after heap ferments 7-14 days and must ferment
Thing；
(3) make particle after fermentate being dried, then particle is heat-treated, after cooling, obtain product.
6. a kind of nursery stock slow-release fertilizer according to claim 5 it is characterised in that：Composite bacteria liquid consumption is in step (1)
The 5-10% of fermentation substrate weight.
7. a kind of nursery stock slow-release fertilizer according to claim 5 it is characterised in that：Composite bacteria liquid is by EM bacterium solution and withered grass bud
Born of the same parents' bacillus liquid is according to 1:The volume ratio of 0.5-0.7 mixes, viable count >=100,000,000/milliliter of EM bacterium solution, Bacillus subtillis
The viable count of liquid >=100,000,000/milliliter.
8. a kind of nursery stock slow-release fertilizer according to claim 5 it is characterised in that：The described heat treatment of step (3) is with 5-
The heating rate of 10 DEG C/min is warming up to 150-180 DEG C, keeps 50-70min.
9. a kind of nursery stock slow-release fertilizer according to claim 5 it is characterised in that：The preparation side of described bladder-wrack extract
Method is as follows：
(1) bladder-wrack dry product is pulverized to obtain bladder-wrack crushed material, by the sodium citrate of bladder-wrack crushed material and mass concentration 1-3%
Solution is according to 1g：The proportioning mixing of 10-20mL, controls temperature 45-50 DEG C, stirs 3-5 hour, filter, wash and must pre-process thing；
(2) by the sulfuric acid solution of pretreatment thing and mass concentration 10-15% according to 1g：The proportioning of 10-15mL mixes, and controls
Temperature 30-35 DEG C, acidolysis 10-20min obtains acidolysis thing；
(3) by the sodium carbonate liquor of acidolysis thing and mass concentration 20-30% according to 1g：The proportioning mixing of 5-10mL, stirring reaction
20-30min, reduced pressure concentration, obtain bladder-wrack extract after freeze-drying.
10. a kind of nursery stock slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1 and 2 it is characterised in that：The coating liquid that film uses presses weight
Amount part meter by the urea of 80-110 part, the formalin of the mass concentration 38% of 120-160 part, 0.0001-0.001 part inorganic
Acid mixes, and inorganic acid is mixed by the sulfuric acid of 5-7 weight portion and the phosphoric acid of 3-5 weight portion.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN108440154A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-08-24 | 芜湖通农生态农业有限公司 | A kind of special the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly of Nursery Stock |
| CN108727137A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-02 | 广西海泉农业有限公司 | The special the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly of dragon fruit and its application |
| CN109757474A (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-05-17 | 广西大学 | A kind of preparation method of pesticide slow-releasing agent |
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|---|---|
| CN106396787B (en) | 2018-07-06 |
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Application publication date: 20170215 Assignee: Huiduoli Agricultural Materials Co., Ltd Assignor: Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Contract record no.: X2020330000040 Denomination of invention: A nursery stock slow release fertilizer Granted publication date: 20180706 License type: Common License Record date: 20200604 |
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