CN106386146A - Cotton direct-seeded seedling cultivation method capable of preventing diseases in seedling stage - Google Patents
Cotton direct-seeded seedling cultivation method capable of preventing diseases in seedling stage Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cotton direct-seeded seedling cultivation method capable of preventing diseases in the seedling stage. By means of a series of unique cultivation technique measures of soil preparation, ridging, seeding, fertilization, growth promotion and the like, the growth environment of cotton seedlings is improved, the emergence rate is greatly increased, the diseases of the cotton seedlings in the seedling stage can be greatly reduced and relieved, the cotton seedlings grow robustly, pesticide prevention and curation are not needed generally, weak seedlings caused by the diseases in the seedling stage of cotton and loss caused by vacancy plants can be avoided, the labor cost and pesticide cost are reduced, and environment friendliness is achieved. The method is specially suitable for rape (wheat) and cotton intercropping direct-seeding cultivation cotton fields in the Yangtse River cotton area.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to industrial crops field of planting, the Cotton Gossypii that specifically a kind of prevention Seedling Stage disease occurs is live
Method for culturing seedlings.
Background technology
Nursery is that Cotton Production is primary and the key link, especially live cotton field, and whether nursery is proper, whether cotton Seedling gives birth to
Long neatly healthy and strong, to cotton yield high-quality, there is vital effect.Cotton in seedling stage includes Seedling Stage and pregnant flower bud phase, from emerging
It is Seedling Stage to tri-leaf period, SANYE is to buddingging for pregnant flower bud phase.Disease in cotton seedling stage mainly has damping-off, anthrax, damping off, angle
The kind more than 20 such as pinta, stem wilt, is all under unsuitable environmental condition, caused by pathogen infection.Difference due to natural conditions
Different, a situation arises is not quite similar for seedling diseases, and Yangtze river basin cotton region is endangered maximum with damping-off, anthrax, and especially Seedling Stage is easy
Infection.Seedling Stage disease be cause Fields of Cotton Planted to be short of seedling, the main cause on even disconnected ridge.Delay cotton Seedling to grow when falling ill light, formed
Weak seedling, postpones growing process, affects yield and quality；A large amount of dead seedlings during morbidity weight, cause to lack the disconnected ridge of row, to yield effect very
Greatly.
, typically in April early and middle ten dayses, now temperature instability, ground temperature are relatively low for Yangtze river basin sowing cotton seed, cotton Seedling poor growth,
Resistances against diseases are low, and pathogen is easily infected.Weather as rainy in low temperature, soil moisture is excessive, then easily cause a large amount of sick seedlings and dead seedling,
Need to repeatedly reseed, even ruin kind when serious, cause extreme loss to peasant.
Due to the regular generation of Seedling Stage disease, " one broadcasts full stand " becomes a main bugbear of cotton culture.From 20 generation
Record since the eighties, the mode of culturing and transplanting seedlings is all taken in Yangtze river basin cotton region.Plan Seedling number more than 200% sowing by land for growing field crops to educate
Seedling, is transplanted to land for growing field crops during cotton Seedling 2-4 piece true leaf, to ensure land for growing field crops cotton planting density with this.Feeding block seedlings raising April early and middle ten dayses are broadcast
Kind, general emergence rate 80% about, seedbed survival rate of seedlings (during transplanting, cotton Seedling number accounts for the percentage ratio of number of emerging) is 60%-80%, Seedling
When phase disease is serious, survival rate of seedlings is less than 50%.If transplanting relatively early (as the first tenday period of a month in May transplant), even if after being transplanted to land for growing field crops, meet low
During warm rainy weather, also it occur frequently that seedling diseases, cause weak seedling or be short of seedling.Low due to transplanting cotton field density, if causing to be short of seedling, to product
Amount impact is bigger.
Raising seedling of cotton is transplanted wastes time and energy, with the raising of the gradually rare of labour force and the price of labour power, culturing and transplanting seedlings
Cost of labor also more and more higher, it has also become the important factor of restriction Cotton Production benefit, direct sowing culture will become the Yangtze river basin
The development trend of cotton culture.And direct sowing culture Cotton Gossypii how to prevent and treat Seedling Stage disease, ensure one to broadcast full stand, strong sprout then becomes and obtains
Obtain basis and the key of high yield.The preventing and treating of Young Cotton sprout term disease is a systematic engineering of business, need by the planting system in cotton field,
The series of measures such as the selection of kind and seed, sowing and field liquid manure management, medical treatment, realizes agricultural measures preventing and treating and medicine
Thing preventing and treating combines, all linked with one another, could obtain preferable effect.In current cotton culture, Seedling Stage disease prevention techniques master
If seed pelleting, dressing seed, medicament pouring root, reagent spray etc..Can be used for preventing and treating the antibacterial species of disease in cotton seedling stage
A lot, as carbendazim, Mancozeb, Xinjunan acetate (water preparation), thiophanate methyl, thiophanate-methyl, Apron XL etc. all
Can be used for preventing and treating seedling diseases.But medical treatment not only increases pesticide and the cost such as manually of Cotton Production, and ecological environment is caused
Harmful effect, also easily makes pathogen produce drug resistance, prevention effect is on a declining curve.
Existing cotton culture technology is emphasized to cultivate " short strong sprout ", but short strong sprout canopy is near from the ground, is unfavorable for divulging information, in case of
Rain field humidity is big, then more easy infection seedling diseases.It has been found that higher cotton in the long-term research to the growth of dissimilar cotton Seedling
Seedling is susceptible lighter.
The feature that the present invention occurs according to demand for development and the sprout term disease of Cotton Gossypii direct sowing culture, proposes a kind of passing through suitably
Late sowing, high ridging, Seedling Stage growth promotion cultivate the serial key measure such as high strong sprout, thus preventing Seedling Stage disease to occur, improve
Emergence rate and survival rate of seedlings, realize a Cotton Gossypii direct sowing and seedling method broadcasting full stand and strong sprout.
Content of the invention
The present invention is directed to the development trend of cotton culture and the deficiency of existing seedling diseases Prevention Technique, provides a kind of prevention Cotton Gossypii
There is direct sowing and seedling method in Seedling Stage disease.Make can effectively prevent in this way Cotton seedling disease, Cotton Gossypii does not occur or seldom
There is seedling diseases, even if it is also relatively light to fall ill once in a while, generally being capable of voluntarily restoration ecosystem.This prevention Seedling Stage disease occurs
Cotton Gossypii direct sowing and seedling method is not only practical, and can lay full stand basis for the cultivation of Cotton Gossypii high density short season, realizes cotton
Flower-Brassica campestris L yielding two crops a year to connect stubble double live, while reaching farmland efficient utilization, saving of labor, save pesticide, significantly cost-effective mesh
's.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved in the following ways：
A kind of Cotton Gossypii direct sowing and seedling method that prevention Seedling Stage disease occurs, comprises the following steps：
(1) cotton field selects：Select fertile soil, the convenient farmland of irrigation and drainage as cotton field；
(2) site preparation ridging：In mid or late May site preparation ridging, ridge height at least 30cm；
(3) sow：Ridging is live after late May；
(4) apply fertilizer：Soil application adopts totally basal dressing techniques, in sowing before or go out postemergence application, so that cotton growth is complete
Period of duration absorbs；
(5) Seedling Stage growth promotion：When the 1st true leaf of cotton Seedling launches, foliage-spray growth promoter and N are fertile, promote cotton
Seedling fast-growth.
Step (1) cotton field selects to carry out crop rotation, changes kind of other crop 2-3 after plant cotton 3-5.
Step (2) site preparation ridging is to carry out within 3-8 days before sowing, and using mechanical site preparation ridging or artificial ridging, furrow is deep
Degree increases to 30-35cm by traditional 15-20cm, and that is, ridge is high increases 10-15cm.
Cotton Gossypii lint capsuled seed more than 80% for the germination percentage or germination percentage more than 85% is adopted during step (3) sowing
Cotton seeds without lint coating.
Step (3) sowing is directly in land for growing field crops program request, the method taking half essence amount cave program request, plantation density 4000-5000
Plant/acre.
Step (3) every bunch planting stalwartness cotton seed 2, depth of planting 1.5cm-2cm, line-spacing 76cm, spacing in the rows 17-22cm.
After sowing blinding in step (3), spray preemergence herbicide to prevent and kill off weed in cotton field in railway carriage or compartment face immediately, can be selected for 96%
Gold all that cream (S-metolachlor, Syngenta Co., Ltd produces), every mu of consumption 50-80ml, it is watered 30kg earth's surface and spray.
Step (4) soil application, every mu of fertilizer amount N, P2O5、K2O be respectively 8-10.5,5-6,10-12kg/ mu, in micro-
Depending on secondary element fertilizer is according to the rich scarce situation of soil, does not lack and do not apply；Or apply Hefei City, Anhui Province Yellow River Agriculture science and technology for every mu
The four-dimension that Services Co., Ltd produces is healthy and strong health care fertilizer 50-60kg and calcium superphosphate 10kg, and the four-dimension is healthy and strong, and health care is fertile to contain N, P2O5、
K2O is respectively 17%, 8%, 20% mass fraction.
Step (4) select following two modes any one give soil application：Single basal application before a, sowing, that is, exist
Fertilizer is uniformly spread on field during site preparation, by site preparation process, makes fertilizer be uniformly distributed in cotton field topsoil；B, emerge after disposable
Trench digging buriing, ditches in the ranks after emerging, fertilizer is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in ditch, then earthing.
Applied fertilizer in step (4) material, optional N, P2O5、K2The Common compound fertilizer 40kg of each 15% mass fraction of O content, joins
Close carbamide 5-9kg, potassium chloride 7-10kg, make (N-P2O5-K2O) respectively reach 8-10.5,5-6,10-12kg/ mu, in micro unit
Depending on fertilizer is according to the actual rich scarce situation of soil, does not lack and do not apply；Also can every mu of administration Hefei City, Anhui Province Yellow River Agriculture science and technology
The four-dimension that Services Co., Ltd produces is healthy and strong health care fertilizer (containing N, P2O5、K2O is respectively 17%, 8%, 20% mass fraction) 50-
60kg, plus calcium superphosphate 10kg is it is not recommended that using being applied to the traditional cultivation time of infertility longer special slow release fertilizer for cotton, in order to avoid
Because effective fertilizer composition release is slow, later stage nutrient is excessive, nourished and grew and prosperous cause field to cover and affect yield.
Step (5) Seedling Stage growth promotion, when the 1st true leaf of cotton Seedling launches, every mu with 0.5kg carbamide (containing pure N46%)
It is watered 30-50kg foliage-spray with gibberellins 1-2g (i.e. " 920 " are first dissolved with a small amount of ethanol).
The Cotton Gossypii direct sowing and seedling method thinning final singling that prevention Seedling Stage disease of the present invention occurs is in cotton Seedling 3 leaf 1
During the heart, go weak stay strong, every cave retains 1 plant of cotton Seedling.All run into what single cave was short of seedling, adjacent cave can stay double seedlings to replace, if just in case go out
Now continuously many caves are short of seedling, and can transplant seedlings and fill a vacancy, to ensure desired density.As long as continuous ridge, scarce root and stem of certain plants rate is not required to fill the gaps with seedlings within 10%.
Using the method for the present invention, Cotton Gossypii typically can avoid or Seedling Stage disease seldom occurs, and such as cotton Seedling has been fallen ill,
Then can decide whether to take medical treatment according to occurring degree.What occurring degree was light need not carry out medical treatment, by growth promotion
Strong Seedling can voluntarily be recovered；If running into the special circumstances such as disease great outburst time, occurring degree is heavier, for example, 5%-
10% and above dead seedling, then any one or several mixing of qualified antibacterial of commercial type can be adopted to spray, and dead seedling is pulled out
Remove.Can be selected for 600-800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim or 1.8% 200-300 times of liquid of Xinjunan acetate water preparation or 70% methyl
800-1000 times of liquid of thiophanate or 800-1000 times of liquid of 80% Mancozeb carry out spraying preventing and treating.
By a series of cultivation technique measures such as the unique site preparation ridging of the present invention, sowing, fertilising, growth promotions, cotton Seedling is given birth to
Long environment is improved, and while emergence rate is greatly improved, can be greatly reduced and mitigate the generation of Young Cotton sprout term disease,
Cotton Seedling robust growth, does not typically need to carry out medical treatment, and Cotton Gossypii both can have been avoided to lead to weak seedling and the scarce root and stem of certain plants to be made because of Seedling Stage disease
Become loss, save labour force and pesticide cost again, environmentally friendly.The method is particularly suitable for the cotton-oil in Yangtze river basin cotton region
(wheat) yielding two crops a year cotton field.
Specific embodiment：
Describe the present invention with reference to specific embodiment, the description of this part is only exemplary and explains
Property, should there is not any restriction effect to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
There is direct sowing and seedling method using a kind of prevention Young Cotton sprout term disease that the present invention provides, test kind is to turn base
Because of pest-resistant normal conon JX0010, seed is the hair seed not carrying out lint coating of germination percentage more than 85%.Using single fertilization
Method, in May 20 machinery site preparation and fertilization, every mu of four-dimension applying the production of Hefei City, Anhui Province Yellow River Agriculture science service company limited
Be healthy and strong health care fertilizer (containing N, P2O5、K2O is respectively 17%, 8%, 20% mass fraction) 60kg, calcium superphosphate 10kg.Ridger rises
Ridge, the high 35cm in ridge, May 28 was sowed, every 2 cotton seeds of bunch planting kind, depth of planting 1.5cm-2cm, line-spacing 76cm, spacing in the rows 20-
22cm.4000 plants/acre of plantation density.June 2 emerged, and every mu of use of June 12 " 920 ", (gibberellin crystal powder, Sichuan Province was blue
The moon, Science and Technology Ltd. produced, active constituent content 75%) 1.5g, carbamide 0.5kg, mix and be watered 50kg foliage-spray (" 92
0 " first dissolved with ethanol).Thinning final singling when cotton Seedling 3 leaf 1 heart, go weak stay strong, every cave retains 1 plant of cotton Seedling.All single caves that runs into lack
Seedling, adjacent cave can stay double seedlings to replace, if being short of seedling just in case continuously many caves, can transplant seedlings and filling a vacancy, to ensure desired density.Only
Want continuous ridge, scarce root and stem of certain plants rate is not required to fill the gaps with seedlings within 10%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method of the preventing and treating direct sowing culture disease in cotton seedling stage being provided using the present invention, test kind resists for transgenic
Worm normal conon JX0010, seed is the hair seed not carrying out lint coating of germination percentage more than 85%.In May 20 machinery site preparation, 5
Month artificial ridging on the 22nd, the high 30cm in ridge, May 28 sowing, every 2 cotton seeds of bunch planting kind, depth of planting 1.5cm-2cm, line-spacing
76cm, spacing in the rows 20-22cm.4000 plants/acre of plantation density.Using totally basal dressing techniques, do not apply fertilizer during site preparation, in the ranks open after emerging
Ditch buriing, every mu of four-dimension applying the production of Hefei City, Anhui Province Yellow River Agriculture science service company limited be healthy and strong health care fertile (containing N,
P2O5、K2O is respectively 17%, 8%, 20% mass fraction) 50kg, calcium superphosphate 10kg.June 2 emerged, and June 12 is with " nine
20 " (gibberellin crystal powder, Sichuan Lanyue Science ＆ Technology Co., Ltd. produces, active constituent content 75%) 1.5g, carbamide 0.5kg,
Mixing is watered 50kg foliage-spray (" 920 " are first dissolved) with ethanol.Thinning final singling when cotton Seedling 3 leaf 1 heart, go weak stay strong, often
Cave retains 1 plant of cotton Seedling.All run into what single cave was short of seedling, adjacent cave can stay double seedlings replace, if just in case occur continuously many caves be short of seedling, can
Transplant seedlings and fill a vacancy, to ensure desired density.As long as continuous ridge, scarce root and stem of certain plants rate is not required to fill the gaps with seedlings within 10%.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method of the preventing and treating direct sowing culture disease in cotton seedling stage being provided using the present invention, test kind resists for transgenic
Worm normal conon JX0010, seed is the hair seed not carrying out lint coating of germination percentage more than 85%.Apply in May 20 machinery site preparation
Fertilizer, applies N, P for every mu2O5、K2The Common compound fertilizer 40kg of each 15% mass fraction of O, plus carbamide 9kg, potassium chloride 10kg are (once
Property fertilization method).Ridger ridging, the high 35cm in ridge, May 28 was sowed, every 2 cotton seeds of bunch planting kind, depth of planting 1.5cm-2cm,
Line-spacing 76cm, spacing in the rows 20-22cm.4000 plants/acre of plantation density.June 2 emerged, and June 12, (gibberellin crystallized with " 920 "
Powder, Sichuan Lanyue Science ＆ Technology Co., Ltd. produces, active constituent content 75%) 1.5g, carbamide 0.5kg, mix and be watered 50kg leaf
Face sprays (" 920 " are first dissolved) with ethanol.Thinning final singling when cotton Seedling 3 leaf 1 heart, go weak stay strong, every cave retains 1 plant of cotton Seedling.
All run into what single cave was short of seedling, adjacent cave can stay double seedlings replace, if just in case occur continuously many caves be short of seedling, can transplant seedlings and fill a vacancy, with protect
Card desired density.As long as continuous ridge, scarce root and stem of certain plants rate is not required to fill the gaps with seedlings within 10%.
Comparative example 1
Time and ridge height according to traditional cultivation method carry out direct sowing and seedling, planting density by the 1200-1600 strain transplanted/
Mu increases to 2000 plants/acre, and seedling stage does not carry out foliage-spray growth promoter and N is fertile.Test kind is that transgenic pest-resistant is conventional
Cotton JX0010, seed is the hair seed not carrying out lint coating of germination percentage more than 85%.April 18 site preparation is ditched, the high 15cm in ridge,
Using secondary fertilization method, divide base manure and the fertile secondary administration of Hua Ling.Basal dressing during site preparation, applies for every mu and contains N, P2O5、K2O each 15%
(flowering and boll-setting period applies Hua Lingfei to the Common compound fertilizer 40kg of mass fraction again, makes the total consumption of fertilizer reach Hunan Province's cotton culture technology
The requirement of specification DB43/T286-2006)).April 20 was sowed, every 2 cotton seeds of bunch planting kind, depth of planting 1.5cm-2cm, line-spacing
76cm, spacing in the rows 40cm.2000 plants/acre of plantation density.May 2 emerged.Emerge the same day begin with sick seedling occur, do not carry out medicine
Preventing and treating.Thinning final singling when cotton Seedling 3 leaf 1 heart, go weak stay strong, every cave retains 1 plant of cotton Seedling.All run into what single cave was short of seedling, adjacent cave
Double seedlings can be stayed to replace, be short of seedling if there is continuously many caves, can transplant seedlings and fill a vacancy or reseed, to ensure desired density.
Comparative example 2
Time and ridge height according to traditional cultivation method carry out direct sowing and seedling, planting density by the 1200-1600 strain transplanted/
Mu increases to 2000 plants/acre, and seedling stage does not carry out foliage-spray growth promoter and N is fertile.Test kind is that transgenic pest-resistant is conventional
Cotton JX0010, seed is the hair seed not carrying out lint coating of germination percentage more than 85%.April 18 site preparation is ditched, the high 15cm in ridge,
Using secondary fertilization method, divide base manure and the fertile secondary administration of Hua Ling.Basal dressing during site preparation, applies N, P for every mu2O5、K2Each 15% matter of O
(flowering and boll-setting period applies Hua Lingfei to the Common compound fertilizer 40kg of amount fraction again, makes the total consumption of fertilizer reach Hunan Province's cotton culture technology rule
The requirement of model DB43/T286-2006).April 20 was sowed, every 2 cotton seeds of bunch planting kind, depth of planting 1.5cm-2cm, line-spacing
76cm, spacing in the rows 40cm.2000 plants/acre of plantation density.May 2 emerged.Same day of emerging begins with sick seedling and occurs, and May 3 sprayed
50% 800 times of carbendazim liquid 1 time, May 15, May 25 respectively spray 300 times of liquid of 1.8% Xinjunan acetate (water preparation) 1 time.
Thinning final singling when cotton Seedling 3 leaf 1 heart, go weak stay strong, every cave retains 1 plant of cotton Seedling.All run into what single cave was short of seedling, adjacent cave can be stayed double
Seedling replaces, and is short of seedling if there is continuously many caves, can transplant seedlings and fill a vacancy or reseed, to ensure desired density.
Comparative example 3
(i.e. depth of planting, line-spacing, spacing in the rows, plantation density and thinning final singling identical with the inventive method site preparation and fertilization sowing
Mode is all identical with the embodiment of the present invention), but foliage-spray growth promoter and N fertilizer are not carried out using high ridging, Seedling Stage,
Do not carry out medical treatment, test kind is transgenic pest-resistant normal conon JX0010, seed is not entering of germination percentage more than 85% yet
The hair seed of row lint coating.In May 20 site preparation trench digging, the high 15cm in ridge, apply N, P for every mu2O5、K2Each 15% mass fraction of O
Common compound fertilizer 40kg, plus carbamide 9kg, potassium chloride 10kg (totally basal dressing techniques).May 28 was sowed, every 2 cottons of bunch planting kind
Son, June 3 emerged.
Above example and comparative example, all after sowing earthing, spray 96% gold medal all that cream (essences-isopropyl in earth's surface immediately
Alachlor, Syngenta Co., Ltd produces), every mu of consumption 60ml, it is watered 30kg, with management of weeds.Emerge latter second day, use 2.5%
1500 times of liquid of decises (decis) cream are sprayed to cotton Seedling and earth's surface, prevent and treat subterranean pest-insect, in order to avoid because insect pest causes to be short of seedling
And affect result of the test.
Above example and comparative example investigation and computational methods as follows：
After emerging, each process takes at random at 3 points, and continuous 40 caves (having broadcast 80 cotton seeds) of every labelling are used for investigating the life of cotton Seedling
Length and incidence, often process and investigate 120 caves (sowing 240 cotton seeds altogether) altogether.
Embodiment and comparative example 3 because during sowing temperature higher, emerge and the growth of cotton Seedling be fast, in after planting 10 days (i.e. June 7
Day) investigated first, investigated 1 time every 7 days later, investigate 3 times altogether；Comparative example 1 and 2 because sowing when temperature relatively low, emerge
And cotton Seedling growth is slow, investigated first in after planting 15 days (i.e. May 5 days), investigated every 10 days 1 time later, investigate 4 altogether
Secondary.
According to investigation, embodiment and comparative example Young Cotton sprout term disease are all based on damping-off, with a small amount of anthrax, first
Mixing occurs afterwards.Every 20 plants of cotton Seedlings of continuously choosing during last investigation, the state of an illness of unified investigation basal part of stem.
Emergence rate is calculated with sowing cotton seed number for radix, emergence rate (%)=investigate cotton Seedling sum/sowing cotton seed number first
×100；
Survival rate of seedlings is calculated with number of emerging for radix, and the investigation cotton Miao of survival rate of seedlings (%)=last investigation cotton Seedling sum/first is total
Number × 100；
Planting percent is calculated with sowing cotton seed number for radix, planting percent (%)=last investigation cotton Seedling sum/sowing cotton seed number
×100；
Strong Seedling rate is calculated with sowing cotton seed number for radix, and strong Seedling rate (the %)=strong Seedling number/sowing cotton seed number of last investigation ×
100；
Seedling cave number/investigation total cave number × 100 of scarce root and stem of certain plants rate (%)=no, every 2 cotton seeds of bunch planting kind, as long as there is 1 Seedling to be
There is Seedling cave.
Seedling diseases severity grade scale：0 grade：Basal part of stem disease-free spot is；1 grade：Basal part of stem scab accounts for whole stem girth
Less than 1/3；3 grades：Basal part of stem scab accounts for the 1/3-1/2 of whole stem girth；5 grades：Basal part of stem scab accounts for the 1/2-3/4 of whole stem girth；7
Level：Basal part of stem scab accounts for more than the 3/4 of whole stem girth.
Disease index=∑ (diseased plant numbers at different levels × relative series)/(investigation total strain number × 7) × 100.
Concrete survey data see table：
Table 1 embodiment and comparative example cotton Seedling application form
Table 2 embodiment and comparative example are emerged seedling situation and occurring degree synopsis
It can be seen that, using the inventive method, emergence rate, survival rate of seedlings, planting percent, strong Seedling rate all far above comparative example, scarce root and stem of certain plants rate
It is below 5%, need not fill the gaps with seedlings；It is high that comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 lack root and stem of certain plants rate, especially strong Seedling rate low although part sick seedling can be extensive
Demutation is long, but can postpone growing process, and then affects yield；Comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 are early due to sowing, and during sowing, temperature is relatively
Low, emergence rate is far below embodiment and comparative example 3；Although comparative example 2 has sprayed 3 bactericidal agent for preventing and treating, sick seedling rate, death rate and
Scarce root and stem of certain plants rate all decreases compared with comparative example 1, but planting percent still only has 60.4%, and scarce root and stem of certain plants rate still reaches 25.8%, if do not filled the gaps with seedlings, meeting
Yield is made a big impact；Comparative example 3 takes a part of measure of the technology of the present invention, and is provided without complete set technology measure,
Although emergence rate is high, death rate is still higher, finally lacks root and stem of certain plants rate and reaches 10.0%, and sick seedling more although now temperature higher
And cotton Seedling degree of lignification increase, scab typically will not continue to extend, most of sick seedling can restoration ecosystem, need not fill the gaps with seedlings, but
Growing process can be affected, yield is affected greatly.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Cotton Gossypii direct sowing and seedling method that prevention Seedling Stage disease occurs is it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) cotton field selects：Select fertile soil, the convenient farmland of irrigation and drainage as cotton field；
(2) site preparation ridging：In mid or late May site preparation ridging, ridge height at least 30cm；
(3) sow：Ridging is live after late May；
(4) apply fertilizer：Soil application adopts totally basal dressing techniques, in sowing before or go out postemergence application, so that cotton growth is given birth to entirely
Phase absorbs；
(5) Seedling Stage growth promotion：When the 1st true leaf of cotton Seedling launches, foliage-spray growth promoter and N are fertile, promote cotton Seedling fast
Fast-growing is long.
2. according to claim 1 prevention Seedling Stage disease occur Cotton Gossypii direct sowing and seedling method it is characterised in that：
Step (1) cotton field selects to carry out crop rotation, changes kind of other crop 2-3 after plant cotton 3-5.
3. according to claim 1 prevention Seedling Stage disease occur Cotton Gossypii direct sowing and seedling method it is characterised in that：
Step (2) site preparation ridging is to carry out within 3-8 days before sowing, using mechanical site preparation ridging or artificial ridging, furrow depth by
Traditional 15-20cm increases to 30-35cm.
4. according to claim 1 prevention Seedling Stage disease occur Cotton Gossypii direct sowing and seedling method it is characterised in that：
During step (3) sowing using Cotton Gossypii lint capsuled seed more than 80% for the germination percentage or germination percentage more than 85% without
The cotton seeds of lint coating.
5. according to claim 1 prevention Seedling Stage disease occur Cotton Gossypii direct sowing and seedling method it is characterised in that：Step
(3) sowing is directly in land for growing field crops program request, the method taking half essence amount cave program request, plantation density 4000-5000 plant/acre.
6. according to claim 1 or 5 prevention Seedling Stage disease occur Cotton Gossypii direct sowing and seedling method it is characterised in that：
Step (3) every bunch planting stalwartness cotton seed 2, depth of planting 1.5cm-2cm, line-spacing 76cm, spacing in the rows 17-22cm.
7. according to claim 1 prevention Seedling Stage disease occur Cotton Gossypii direct sowing and seedling method it is characterised in that：
Step (4) soil application, every mu of fertilizer amount N, P2O5、K2O be respectively 8-10.5kg, 5-6kg, 10-12kg, in micro
Depending on element fertilizer is according to the rich scarce situation of soil, does not lack and do not apply；Or apply Hefei City, Anhui Province Yellow River Agriculture section technical service for every mu
The four-dimension that business company limited produces is healthy and strong health care fertilizer 50-60kg and calcium superphosphate 10kg, and the four-dimension is healthy and strong, and health care is fertile to contain N, P2O5、K2O
It is respectively 17%, 8%, 20% mass fraction.
8. according to claim 1 or 7 prevention Seedling Stage disease occur Cotton Gossypii direct sowing and seedling method it is characterised in that：
Step (4) select following two modes any one give soil application：Single basal application before a, sowing, that is, in site preparation
When fertilizer is uniformly spread on field, by site preparation process, make fertilizer be uniformly distributed in cotton field topsoil；B, emerge after disposably ditch
Buriing, ditches in the ranks after emerging, and fertilizer is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields in ditch, then earthing.
9. according to claim 1 prevention Seedling Stage disease occur Cotton Gossypii direct sowing and seedling method it is characterised in that：
Step (5) Seedling Stage growth promotion, when the 1st true leaf of cotton Seedling launches, every mu is watered with 0.5kg carbamide and gibberellins 1-2g
30-50kg foliage-spray.
10. according to claim 1 prevention Seedling Stage disease occur Cotton Gossypii direct sowing and seedling method it is characterised in that：
Thinning final singling：When cotton Seedling 3 leaf 1 heart, go weak stay strong, every cave retains 1 plant of cotton Seedling.
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