CN106345500B - 废气净化催化剂 - Google Patents
废气净化催化剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106345500B CN106345500B CN201610553197.0A CN201610553197A CN106345500B CN 106345500 B CN106345500 B CN 106345500B CN 201610553197 A CN201610553197 A CN 201610553197A CN 106345500 B CN106345500 B CN 106345500B
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- carrier particle
- catalyst
- gas purifying
- aluminum phosphate
- Prior art date
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 191
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 133
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 137
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 51
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 50
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 45
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 45
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 44
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 42
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 42
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 229910017119 AlPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 14
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 7
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 108091007643 Phosphate carriers Proteins 0.000 description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910006254 ZrP2O7 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- GJEAMHAFPYZYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[S] Chemical compound [C].[S] GJEAMHAFPYZYDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 159000000013 aluminium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000329 aluminium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium acetate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- YQCIWBXEVYWRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;sulfane Chemical compound C.S YQCIWBXEVYWRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 on the other hand Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000166 zirconium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LEHFSLREWWMLPU-UHFFFAOYSA-B zirconium(4+);tetraphosphate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[Zr+4].[Zr+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LEHFSLREWWMLPU-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 2
- ZXVONLUNISGICL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol Chemical group CC1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1O ZXVONLUNISGICL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SMZYLKGNLALTAX-UHFFFAOYSA-K P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Zr+4].[Al+3] Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Zr+4].[Al+3] SMZYLKGNLALTAX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVMNIZVEFVZGKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[Pt+2] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[Pt+2] FVMNIZVEFVZGKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- RJIWZDNTCBHXAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitroxoline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C2=C1 RJIWZDNTCBHXAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000935 solvent evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003608 titanium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
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- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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- B01D53/9422—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by NOx storage or reduction by cyclic switching between lean and rich exhaust gases (LNT, NSC, NSR)
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- B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/04—Alumina
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- B01J27/16—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof containing oxygen, i.e. acids, anhydrides and their derivates with N, S, B or halogens without carriers or on carriers based on C, Si, Al or Zr; also salts of Si, Al and Zr
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- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
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Abstract
本发明涉及废气净化催化剂。本发明的目的在于提供使废气特别是含有NOx的废气的净化性能提高的废气净化催化剂。本发明的废气净化催化剂包含载持有Rh并含有Al、Zr及Ti的复合氧化物载体粒子、和载持有Rh的磷酸铝系载体粒子。另外,在本发明的废气净化催化剂中,相对于构成复合氧化物载体粒子和磷酸铝系载体粒子的金属的总摩尔数,构成磷酸铝系载体粒子的金属的摩尔数的比例为7.5%以上15.0%以下。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及废气净化催化剂。更详细而言,本发明涉及使废气特别是含有NOx的废气的净化性能提高的废气净化催化剂。
背景技术
在从用于汽车等的内燃机例如汽油发动机或柴油发动机等内燃机排出的废气中,含有一氧化碳(CO)、烃(HC)和氮氧化物(NOx)等成分。
因此,通常,在内燃机中设置用于分解除去这些成分的废气净化装置,利用该废气净化装置内配备的废气净化催化剂,这些成分基本上被分解。作为这样的废气净化催化剂,已知的有例如三元催化剂或NOx吸留还原催化剂。
三元催化剂是在化学计量(理论空燃比)气氛中同时进行CO及HC的氧化与NOx的还原的催化剂。
另外,NOx吸留还原催化剂是在稀气氛中吸留废气中的NOx,并在化学计量及浓气氛中将NOx还原成氮(N2)的催化剂,在该催化剂中,巧妙地利用了稀、化学计量和浓气氛的废气成分的变化。
但是,即使在采用这些催化剂的情况下,废气的净化仍然是问题,并进行了各种研究。
在专利文献1的废气净化用催化剂中,在含有Al、Zr和Ti的复合氧化物载体粒子上载持有催化剂贵金属以及选自碱金属、碱土金属和稀土元素的NOx吸留材料,上述复合氧化物载体粒子为多孔质,并且直径20nm以下的孔的容量为0.4cc/g以上。
专利文献2的废气净化用催化剂载体粒子包含由通式MPO4(式中,M为Y、La或Al)表示的磷酸盐等。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:特开2006-043637号公报
专利文献2:特开2013-252465号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
专利文献1的废气净化用催化剂中包含的氧化钛等以及专利文献2的废气净化用催化剂载体粒子中包含的金属磷酸盐特别是磷酸铝具有对催化剂的硫中毒的耐受性,由此能够使NOx净化性能提高,但存在使该NOx净化性能进一步提高的余地。
因此,本发明的目的在于,提供使废气特别是含有NOx的废气的净化性能提高的废气净化催化剂。
用于解决课题的手段
本发明人发现,通过以下手段,可解决上述课题。
<1>废气净化催化剂,其含有:载持有Rh并含有Al、Zr及Ti的复合氧化物载体粒子,和载持有Rh的磷酸铝系载体粒子,
上述磷酸铝系载体粒子是由磷酸铝或者Al的一部分被Zr置换的磷酸铝构成的载体粒子,
相对于构成上述复合氧化物载体粒子和上述磷酸铝系载体粒子的金属的总摩尔数,构成上述磷酸铝系载体粒子的金属的摩尔数的比例为7.5%以上15.0%以下。
<2><1>项中记载的废气净化催化剂,其中,上述磷酸铝系载体粒子是由Al的一部分被Zr置换的磷酸铝构成的载体粒子。
<3><2>项中记载的废气净化催化剂,其中,上述由Al的一部分被Zr置换的磷酸铝构成的载体粒子由式AlαZr(1-α)PO4表示,并且α为0.80以上且小于1.00。
<4><1>~<3>项的任一项中记载的废气净化催化剂,其进一步含有载持有Pt的载体粒子。
<5><4>项中记载的废气净化催化剂,其中上述载持有Pt的载体粒子包含含有Al、Zr及Ti的复合氧化物载体粒子,和/或含有Ce及Al的复合氧化物载体粒子。
<6><1>~<5>项的任一项中记载的废气净化催化剂,其是用于净化NOx的催化剂。
<7>废气净化方法,其中,在稀气氛中使含有NOx的废气与<1>~<6>项的任一项中记载的废气净化催化剂接触以吸留NOx,然后,在化学计量气氛或浓气氛中还原并净化上述废气净化催化剂中吸留的上述NOx。
发明效果
根据本发明,可提供使废气特别是含有NOx的废气的净化性能提高的废气净化催化剂。
附图说明
图1是示出Al0.8Zr0.2PO4的X射线衍射谱的图。
图2是示出对比较例1、实施例1~4和参考例1~2的废气净化催化剂进行硫中毒处理情况下的作为Rh催化剂中的载体粒子的AlPO4或Al0.8Zr0.2PO4的比例(x)与硫中毒量(质量%)的关系的图。
图3是示出对比较例2、实施例5~8和参考例3~4的废气净化催化剂进行硫中毒处理情况下的作为Rh催化剂中的载体粒子的AlPO4或Al0.8Zr0.2PO4的比例(y)与硫中毒量(质量%)的关系的图。
图4是示出对比较例1、实施例1~4和参考例1~2的废气净化催化剂进行硫中毒处理和硫中毒恢复处理情况下的作为Rh催化剂中的载体粒子的AlPO4或Al0.8Zr0.2PO4的比例(x)与硫中毒量(质量%)的关系的图。
图5是示出对比较例2、实施例5~8和参考例3~4的废气净化催化剂进行硫中毒处理和硫中毒恢复处理情况下的作为Rh催化剂中的载体粒子的AlPO4或Al0.8Zr0.2PO4的比例(y)与硫中毒量(质量%)的关系的图。
图6是示出对实施例2和6以及比较例1~2的废气净化催化剂进行硫中毒处理和硫中毒恢复处理情况下的硫中毒量(质量%)的图。
图7是示出对比较例1、实施例1~4和9以及参考例1~2的废气净化催化剂进行硫中毒处理和硫中毒恢复处理情况下的作为Rh催化剂中的载体粒子的AlPO4或Al0.8Zr0.2PO4的比例(x)与NOx净化率(%)的关系的图。
图8是示出对比较例2、实施例5~8和10以及参考例3~4的废气净化催化剂进行硫中毒处理和硫中毒恢复处理情况下的作为Rh催化剂中的载体粒子的AlPO4或Al0.8Zr0.2PO4的比例(y)与NOx净化率(%)的关系的图。
具体实施方式
以下,对本发明的实施方式进行详细说明。予以说明,本发明不限于以下的实施方式,可在本发明的主旨范围内进行各种变形来实施。
在本发明中,“复合氧化物载体粒子”是指至少2种金属氧化物至少部分地固溶的材料。因此,例如Al、Zr及Ti的复合氧化物载体粒子是指氧化铝、氧化锆和氧化钛至少部分地固溶,特别是氧化铝、氧化锆和氧化钛至少部分地共同形成单一晶体结构的氧化物。即,例如,“Al、Zr及Ti的复合氧化物载体粒子”不仅可以具有氧化铝、氧化锆和氧化钛固溶的部分,而且还可以具有氧化铝、氧化锆和氧化钛各自单独存在的部分。
在本说明书中,有时将“含有Al、Zr及Ti的复合氧化物载体粒子”表示为“Al-Zr-Ti复合氧化物”,并且有时将“含有Ce及Al的复合氧化物载体粒子”表示为“Ce-Al复合氧化物”。
另外,在本说明书中,有时将含有催化剂金属和载持有催化剂金属的催化剂载体粒子的催化剂表示为“催化剂金属/催化剂载体粒子”。例如,有时将含有作为催化剂金属的Rh和作为载持有Rh的催化剂载体粒子的Al-Zr-Ti复合氧化物的催化剂表示为“Rh/Al-Zr-Ti复合氧化物”。
《废气净化催化剂》
以往的废气净化催化剂含有载持有Rh的载体粒子。
作为废气净化催化剂中采用的催化剂金属,可举出铂族金属。在铂族金属中,Rh的废气净化能力特别是NOx的净化能力高。因此,可在废气净化催化剂中适当使用Rh。
通过将上述催化剂金属载持于载体粒子,废气净化催化剂的性能提高。这是由于将催化剂金属载持于比表面积大的载体粒子的整个表面,由此可充分确保催化剂金属与废气之间的接触面积。
但是,废气中存在硫氧化物(SOx)。该SOx在稀气氛中被催化剂金属进一步氧化,与水蒸汽进行反应,转变成亚硫酸根离子或硫酸根离子。可认为它们与NOx吸留材料反应,生成化学稳定的亚硫酸盐或硫酸盐,由此抑制了NOx在NOx吸留材料中的吸留。
另外,在碱性的载体粒子中,SOx易于被吸附,由此有可能促进上述的亚硫酸盐或硫酸盐的生成。进而,在SOx被吸附于载体粒子的情况下,由于载体粒子易于倾向于酸性,另外,该SOx难以脱离,因此有可能抑制了NOx在NOx吸留材料中的吸留。
与此相对,本发明的废气净化催化剂含有载持有Rh并含有Al、Zr及Ti的复合氧化物载体粒子,和载持有Rh的磷酸铝系载体粒子。
作为Ti的氧化物的氧化钛具有对高温的耐久性以及促进硫酸盐等的分解的催化能力。另外,作为Zr的氧化物的氧化锆通过水蒸汽改性反应生成H2,该H2将NOx有效还原。作为Al的氧化物的氧化铝可使对高温的耐久性进一步提高。因此,含有Al、Zr及Ti的复合氧化物载体粒子是适合于还原NOx的载体。
另外,由于磷酸铝系载体粒子为酸性载体,因此在该磷酸铝系载体粒子中,抑制SOx在载体上的吸附且促进SOx的脱离的能力高。因此,磷酸铝系载体粒子是适合于还原NOx的载体。
但是,在单独使用磷酸铝系载体粒子(其为酸性载体)自身的情况下,有可能抑制NOx的吸附。
对此,在本发明的废气净化催化剂中,相对于构成复合氧化物载体粒子和磷酸铝系载体粒子的金属的总摩尔数,构成磷酸铝系载体粒子的金属的摩尔数的比例为7.5%以上15.0%以下。
因此,根据本发明的废气净化催化剂,可在抑制SOx在载体上的吸附的同时促进NOx在载体上的吸附。因此,在本发明的废气净化催化剂中,与以往的废气净化催化剂相比,可使废气特别是含有NOx的废气的净化性能提高。
以下,对构成本发明的废气净化催化剂的多个构成要素进行说明。
〈Rh〉
Rh载持于含有Al、Zr及Ti的复合氧化物载体粒子和磷酸铝系载体粒子。
载体粒子所载持的Rh的载持量不特别限定,但例如相对于100质量份的载体粒子,可以为0.01质量份以上、0.05质量份以上、0.1质量份以上、0.5质量份以上或1质量份以上的载持量,另外,可以为5质量份以下、3质量份以下或1质量份以下。
〈NOx吸留材料〉
予以说明,载体粒子在含有Rh的同时还任选地含有NOx吸留材料。
作为NOx吸留材料,不特别限定,但可举出碱性材料。作为NOx吸留材料,可举出碱金属或其盐,例如钾(K)或乙酸钾等;碱土金属或其盐,例如钡(Ba)或乙酸钡等;或者它们的组合。
〈载体粒子〉
作为载体粒子,可举出:含有Al、Zr及Ti的复合氧化物载体粒子,和磷酸铝系载体粒子。
另外,在本发明中,“磷酸铝系载体粒子”是指由磷酸铝或者Al的一部分被Zr置换的磷酸铝构成的载体粒子。
作为复合氧化物载体粒子和磷酸铝系载体粒子的比例,相对于构成复合氧化物载体粒子和磷酸铝系载体粒子的金属的总摩尔数,构成磷酸铝系载体粒子的金属的摩尔数的比例可以为7.5%以上、8.0%以上或9.0%以上和/或15.0%以下、14%以下或13%以下。
(复合氧化物载体粒子)
复合氧化物载体粒子中含有的Al、Zr及Ti的比例不特别限定,但作为Ti和Zr的比例,相对于Ti和Zr的总摩尔数,Zr的摩尔数的比例可以为20%~50%的范围。
复合氧化物载体粒子中含有的Al、Zr及Ti的比例不特别限定,但作为Ti及Zr、和Al的比例,相对于Ti及Zr的总摩尔数,Al的摩尔数的比例可以为100%~900%的范围。
予以说明,在本发明中,除非另有说明,“平均粒径”是指使用扫描透射电子显微镜(STEM)等设备对随机选择的10个以上的粒子的当量圆直径(Heywood直径)进行测定时的它们的测定值的算术平均值。
(磷酸铝系载体粒子)
另外,在本发明的废气净化催化剂中,优选磷酸铝系载体粒子是由Al的一部分被Zr置换的磷酸铝构成的载体粒子。
因此,在本发明的废气净化催化剂中,可使废气特别是含有NOx的废气的净化能力进一步提高。
进而,在本发明的废气净化催化剂中,优选可用式AlαZr(1-α)PO4表示由Al的一部分被Zr置换的磷酸铝构成的载体粒子。
作为AlαZr(1-α)PO4中的α的值,可举出0.80以上或0.85以上和/或小于1.00或小于0.95。
〈其它〉
另外,本发明的废气净化催化剂可应用于下述的废气净化方法。另外,本发明的废气净化催化剂可通过下述的废气净化催化剂的制造方法来制造。
《废气净化方法》
净化废气的本发明的方法为:在稀气氛中使含有NOx的废气与上述本发明的废气净化催化剂接触以吸留NOx,然后,在化学计量气氛或浓气氛中还原并净化所吸留的NOx。
优选将本发明的方法应用于在稀气氛中运行的内燃机。这是由于在稀气氛中,HC和CO易于被氧化并被净化,另一方面,NOx难以被还原和净化,由此产生大量NOx。
作为在化学计量气氛或浓气氛中使含有NOx的废气与本发明的废气净化催化剂接触的方法,可采用任意选择的方法。
《废气净化催化剂的制造方法》
制造废气净化催化剂的方法包括:制备含有Al、Zr及Ti的复合氧化物载体粒子的工序,制备磷酸铝系载体粒子的工序,和对含有复合氧化物载体粒子、磷酸铝系载体粒子、Rh盐及溶剂的混合溶液进行搅拌和烧成,从而制备催化剂的工序。
〈制备复合氧化物载体粒子的工序〉
作为制备复合氧化物载体粒子的工序,不特别限定,可采用公知的工序。作为制备复合氧化物载体粒子的工序,例如可采用如下工序:将钛盐、锆盐、铝盐和溶剂以及任选的表面活性剂和pH调节剂混合,将其生成物分离和/或烧成。
〈制备磷酸铝系载体粒子的工序〉
作为制备磷酸铝系载体粒子的工序,不特别限定,可采用公知的工序。作为制备磷酸铝系载体粒子的工序,可采用如下工序:将铝盐和任选的锆盐、磷酸及溶剂、以及任选的pH调节剂混合,将其生成物分离和/或烧成。
〈制备催化剂的工序〉
在制备催化剂的工序中,对含有Al、Zr及Ti的复合氧化物载体粒子、磷酸铝系载体粒子、Rh盐和溶剂的混合溶液进行搅拌和烧成。
〈其它〉
关于本发明的方法的构成要素,可参照对上述的废气净化催化剂的记载。
参照以下示出的实施例进一步详细说明本发明,但本发明的范围当然不受限于这些实施例。
实施例
《催化剂载体粒子的合成》
〈作为磷酸铝系载体粒子的磷酸铝(AlPO4)载体粒子的制造〉
(工序1)
将112.5g的Al(NO3)3·9H2O和900mL的离子交换水混合,制备溶液A1。将32.3g的磷酸(磷含量为85质量%)和500mL的离子交换水混合,制备溶液A2。通过将上述的溶液A1和溶液A2混合来制备溶液A3,在该溶液A3中添加氨水(氨含量为28质量%),由此将该溶液A3的pH调整为4.0~6.0。
(工序2)
将调整了pH的溶液A3在室温下持续搅拌一夜。用离心分离机对该溶液A3进行离心分离(在3000rpm下10分钟),由此生成沉淀物A4。从溶液A3中分离沉淀物A4,将该沉淀物A4与300mL的离子交换水混合并搅拌,对该混合溶液进行离心分离(在3000rpm下10分钟),由此生成沉淀物A5。对于沉淀物A5,再进行2次包括上述的分离操作、混合溶液制备操作和离心分离操作的一系列操作,由此得到沉淀物A6。
将沉淀物A6放入玻璃烧杯,用干燥器进行干燥(在120℃下一夜,例如12小时),由此得到干固物A7。将该干固物A7装入氧化铝坩埚,用烧成炉烧成(在500℃下3小时),由此得到粉体的磷酸铝载体粒子。在该磷酸铝载体粒子中,铝含量为22质量%。
〈作为磷酸铝系载体粒子的磷酸铝锆(Al0.8Zr0.2PO4)载体粒子的制造〉
(工序1)
将70.1g的Al(NO3)3·9H2O和500mL的离子交换水混合,制备溶液B1。将12.5g的ZrO(NO3)2·2H2O和200mL的离子交换水混合,制备溶液B2。将32.3g的磷酸(磷含量为85质量%)和500mL的离子交换水混合,制备溶液B3。通过将上述的溶液B1和溶液B3混合来制备溶液B4,通过将该溶液B4和上述的溶液B2混合来制备溶液B5。在该溶液B5中添加氨水(氨含量为28质量%),由此将该溶液B5的pH调整为4.0~6.0。
(工序2)
以下,通过进行与上述的磷酸铝载体粒子的合成工序2相同的操作,得到粉体的Al0.8Zr0.2PO4载体粒子。在该Al0.8Zr0.2PO4载体粒子中,铝含量为16质量%,锆含量为14质量%。
予以说明,得到的Al0.8Zr0.2PO4的晶体结构通过X射线衍射测定来确定,将Al0.8Zr0.2PO4的X射线衍射谱示于图1。由图1可知,Al0.8Zr0.2PO4的X射线衍射谱与AlPO4的X射线衍射谱大致相同。
〈含有Al、Zr及Ti的复合氧化物(Al-Zr-Ti复合氧化物)载体粒子的制造〉
含有Al、Zr及Ti的复合氧化物(Al-Zr-Ti复合氧化物)载体粒子从堺(Sakai)化学株式会社购入。在该Al-Zr-Ti复合氧化物载体粒子中,铝含量为31质量%,锆含量为22质量%,钛含量为11质量%。
〈含有Al及Ce的复合氧化物(Ce-Al复合氧化物)载体粒子的制造〉
(工序1)
将16.3g的Ce(NO3)3·6H2O、234.5g的Al(NO3)3·9H2O和1000mL的离子交换水混合,并且持续搅拌1小时,由此得到溶液C1。通过在该溶液C1中添加氨水(氨含量为28质量%),将该溶液C1的pH调整至9.0,由此生成沉淀物C2。
(工序2)
从上述溶液C1分离沉淀物C2,用离子交换水将该沉淀物C2洗净,用干燥器进行干燥(在120℃下2小时),并用烧成炉烧成(在300℃下2小时),由此得到含有Al及Ce的复合氧化物(Ce-Al复合氧化物)载体粒子。在该Ce-Al复合氧化物中,氧化铝:氧化铈的质量比为84:16。另外,在该Ce-Al复合氧化物载体粒子中,铝含量为44质量%,铈含量为13质量%。
〈磷酸锆(ZrP2O7)载体粒子的制造〉
(工序1)
将80.2g的ZrO(NO3)2·2H2O和800mL的离子交换水混合,制备溶液D1。将32.3g的磷酸(磷含量为85质量%)和500mL的离子交换水混合,制备溶液D2。通过将上述的溶液D1和溶液D2混合来制备溶液D3;通过在该溶液D3中添加氨水(氨含量为28质量%),将该溶液D3的pH调整为4.5~9.0,由此生成沉淀物D4。
(工序2)
从上述溶液D3分离沉淀物D4,用离子交换水将该沉淀物D4洗净,用干燥器进行干燥(在120℃下一夜,例如12小时)并用烧成炉烧成(在900℃下5小时),由此生成ZrP2O7载体粒子。在该ZrP2O7载体粒子中,锆含量为34质量%。
《催化剂的合成》
〈Rh/Al-Zr-Ti复合氧化物催化剂的合成〉
将12.1g的Rh(NO3)3(Rh含量为2.75质量%)和37mL的离子交换水混合,制备溶液E1。将该溶液E1与33.0g的Al-Zr-Ti复合氧化物混合,制备溶液E2。通过加热使溶液E2的溶剂蒸发,得到干固物E3。用干燥器将干固物E3干燥(在120℃下一夜,例如12小时),粉碎并用烧成炉烧成(在500℃下2小时),由此得到作为Rh催化剂的Rh/Al-Zr-Ti复合氧化物催化剂。
〈Rh/{0.85Al-Zr-Ti复合氧化物+0.12AlPO4+0.03ZrP2O7}催化剂的合成〉
除了将Al-Zr-Ti复合氧化物置换成0.85:0.12:0.03的比例的Al-Zr-Ti复合氧化物、AlPO4和ZrP2O7以外,与Rh/Al-Zr-Ti复合氧化物催化剂的合成同样地操作,进行Rh催化剂的合成。由此,得到作为Rh催化剂的Rh/{0.85Al-Zr-Ti复合氧化物+0.12AlPO4+0.03ZrP2O7}催化剂。
〈Rh/{(1-x)Al-Zr-Ti复合氧化物+xAlPO4}催化剂的合成〉
除了将Al-Zr-Ti复合氧化物置换成1:x(x为0.075、0.150和0.300)的比例的Al-Zr-Ti复合氧化物和AlPO4以外,与Rh/Al-Zr-Ti复合氧化物催化剂的合成同样地操作,进行Rh催化剂的合成。由此,得到作为Rh催化剂的Rh/{(1-x)Al-Zr-Ti复合氧化物+xAlPO4}催化剂。
〈Rh/{(1-y)Al-Zr-Ti复合氧化物+yAl0.8Zr0.2PO4}催化剂的合成〉
除了将Al-Zr-Ti复合氧化物置换成1:y(y为0.075、0.150和0.300)的比例的Al-Zr-Ti复合氧化物和Al0.8Zr0.2PO4以外,与Rh/Al-Zr-Ti复合氧化物催化剂的合成同样地操作,进行Rh催化剂的合成。由此,得到作为Rh催化剂的Rh/{(1-y)Al-Zr-Ti复合氧化物+yAl0.8Zr0.2PO4}催化剂。
〈Pt/Al-Zr-Ti复合氧化物催化剂的合成〉
将5.4g的二硝基二氨合铂(II)硝酸溶液(Pt含量为8.6质量%)和10mL的离子交换水混合,制备溶液F1。将该溶液F1与46.3g的Al-Zr-Ti复合氧化物混合,制备溶液F2。通过加热使溶液F2的溶剂蒸发,得到干固物F3。用干燥器将干固物F3干燥(在120℃下一夜,例如12小时),粉碎并用烧成炉烧成(在750℃下2小时),由此得到作为Pt催化剂的Pt/Al-Zr-Ti复合氧化物催化剂。
〈Pt/Ce-Al复合氧化物催化剂的合成〉
除了将Al-Zr-Ti复合氧化物置换为Ce-Al复合氧化物以外,与Pt/Al-Zr-Ti复合氧化物催化剂的合成同样地操作,进行Pt催化剂的合成。由此,得到作为Pt催化剂的Pt/Ce-Al复合氧化物催化剂。
〈废气净化催化剂的合成〉
将11.6g的Rh催化剂和11.6的Pt催化剂混合,制备混合催化剂G1。将作为NOx吸留材料的2.55g的乙酸钡与50mL的离子交换水混合,制备溶液G2。将上述混合催化剂G1与溶液G2混合,制备溶液G3。用干燥器将该溶液G3干燥(在120℃下2小时)并用烧成炉烧成(在500℃下2小时),由此得到实施例1~10、参考例1~4以及比较例1~2的废气净化催化剂。
将实施例1~4和9、参考例1~2以及比较例1的废气净化催化剂的组成等示于下述表1,并且将实施例5~8和10、参考例3~4以及比较例2的废气净化催化剂的组成等示于下述表2。
表1
表2
《评价》
对于各例的废气净化催化剂,进行硫中毒耐受性的评价、硫中毒的催化剂的恢复的评价、和废气净化性能的评价。
〈硫中毒耐受性评价〉
硫中毒耐受性的评价具体通过如下进行:将各例的废气净化催化剂在大气气氛、750℃和33小时的条件下烧成,然后,使试验气体1在400℃和2小时的条件下与该废气净化催化剂接触,并用碳-硫分析装置(HORIBA Carbon Sulfur Analyzer,EMIA_920V)测定废气净化催化剂所吸附的硫成分。将结果示于图2~3。
予以说明,将评价中使用的各例的废气净化催化剂粒化,使其质量为2g,且试验气体1由如下构成:CO2:10%,O2:7%,C3H6:200ppm,NO:400ppm,SO2:500ppm,H2O:4%,N2:余量。
予以说明,硫中毒量(质量%)对应于废气净化催化剂所吸附的SO2的质量相对于进行了硫中毒处理的废气净化催化剂的质量的比例。
图2是对比较例1的废气净化催化剂、实施例1~2和参考例1的废气净化催化剂进行比较而得到的图。由该图可知,当作为废气净化催化剂所包含的Rh催化剂中的载体粒子的AlPO4的比例(x)增加时,硫中毒量(质量%)下降。
可认为这是由于磷酸铝系载体粒子(其为酸性载体)抑制SOx在载体上的吸附的能力高。
另外,由图2可知,关于使用Al0.8Zr0.2PO4代替实施例1~2和参考例1的AlPO4的实施例3~4和参考例2的废气净化用催化剂,具有与上述同样的倾向。
因此可理解,在废气净化催化剂特别是其中含有的Rh催化剂中的AlPO4或Al0.8Zr0.2PO4的比例增加的情况下,废气净化催化剂的硫中毒耐受性提高。
予以说明,图3是示出对比较例2、实施例5~8和参考例3~4的废气净化催化剂进行硫中毒处理情况下的作为Rh催化剂中的载体粒子的AlPO4或Al0.8Zr0.2PO4的比例(y)与硫中毒量(质量%)的关系的图。
从图3看到了与关于图2说明的内容同样的内容。
〈硫中毒的催化剂的恢复的评价〉
硫中毒的催化剂的恢复的评价具体通过如下进行:使试验气体2在750℃和3分钟的条件下与上述进行了硫中毒处理的各例的废气净化催化剂接触,并用碳-硫分析装置(HORIBA Carbon Sulfur Analyzer,EMIA_920V)测定废气净化催化剂所吸附的硫成分。将结果示于图4~6。
予以说明,试验气体2由如下构成:CO2:10%,CO:6%,C3H6:1000ppm,H2:1%,NO:400ppm,H2O:4%,N2:余量。
图4是对比较例1的废气净化催化剂、实施例1~2和参考例1的废气净化催化剂进行比较而得到的图。由该图可知,当在废气净化催化剂中包含的Rh催化剂含有磷酸铝作为载体粒子的情况下,硫中毒量(质量%)下降。
另外,由图4可知,关于实施例1~2和参考例1的废气净化催化剂,在作为废气净化催化剂中包含的Rh催化剂中的载体粒子的AlPO4的比例(x)增加的情况下,硫中毒量(质量%)进一步下降。
进而,关于实施例1~2和参考例1的废气净化催化剂,应参照硫中毒处理后的图2及硫中毒恢复处理后的图4。例如,可知:实施例1的废气净化催化剂的硫中毒量从图2的约2.78质量%减少至图4的约0.13质量%。
可认为这是由于废气净化催化剂中含有磷酸铝系载体粒子(其为酸性载体),因此SOx在载体上的吸附力弱,促进了SOx的脱离。
另外,由图4可知,关于实施例3~4和参考例2的废气净化催化剂,具有与上述同样的倾向。
图5是示出对比较例2、实施例5~8和参考例3~4的废气净化催化剂进行硫中毒处理和硫中毒恢复处理情况下的作为Rh催化剂中的载体粒子的AlPO4或Al0.8Zr0.2PO4的比例(y)与硫中毒量(质量%)的关系的图。
由图5可知,关于实施例5~8和参考例3~4的废气净化催化剂,在废气净化催化剂中包含的作为Rh催化剂中的载体粒子的AlPO4或Al0.8Zr0.2PO4的比例(y)增加的情况下,硫中毒量(质量%)下降。
图6是对比较例1(比较例2)的废气净化催化剂与实施例2(实施例6)的废气净化催化剂比较而得到的图。由该图可知,在废气净化催化剂包含的Rh催化剂中含有AlPO4(Al0.8Zr0.2PO4)作为载体粒子的情况下,硫中毒量(质量%)下降。
〈废气净化性能的评价〉
废气净化性能的评价具体按如下进行:
将进行了上述硫中毒恢复处理的各例的废气净化催化剂以15秒和60秒交替地暴露于在300℃的温度及10(L/min)的流量下的浓气体(A/F为约12)或稀气体(A/F为约22),将浓气氛和稀气氛之间的循环设为1个循环,并且从入口侧NOx浓度(ppm)和出口侧NOx浓度(ppm)计算出NOx净化率。将结果示于图7~8。进而,将浓气体和稀气体的构成示于下述的表3。
表3
图7是示出对比较例1、实施例1~4和9和参考例1~2的废气净化催化剂进行硫中毒处理和硫中毒恢复处理情况下的作为Rh催化剂中的载体粒子的AlPO4或Al0.8Zr0.2PO4的比例(x)与NOx净化率(%)的关系的图。
由图7可知,在将比较例1的废气净化催化剂与实施例1~2和参考例1的废气净化催化剂进行比较时,实施例1~2和参考例1的废气净化催化剂得到了高于比较例1的废气净化催化剂的NOx净化率。
另外可知,当作为废气净化催化剂中包含的Rh催化剂中的载体粒子的AlPO4的比例(x)在0.000~0.300的范围内特别是在0.075~0.150的范围内的情况下,NOx净化率变得更高。
可认为这是由于作为废气净化催化剂包含的Rh催化剂中的载体粒子的AlPO4的比例(x)在上述的值的范围内,因此在抑制了SOx在载体上的吸附的同时促进了NOx在载体上的吸附。
但是,由图2可理解,参考例1的废气净化催化剂的硫中毒耐受性高于实施例1~2的废气净化催化剂的硫中毒耐受性,另一方面,由图7可知,参考例1的废气净化催化剂的NOx净化率低于实施例1~2的废气净化催化剂的NOx净化率。
可认为这是由于相对于构成作为复合氧化物载体粒子的Al-Zr-Ti复合氧化物和AlPO4的金属的总摩尔数,构成酸性载体的AlPO4的金属的摩尔数的比例过大,因此抑制了NOx的吸附。
另外,由图7可知,将实施例1~2和参考例1的废气净化催化剂与实施例3~4和参考例2的废气净化催化剂进行比较,实施例3~4和参考例2的废气净化催化剂的NOx净化率分别高于实施例1~2和参考例1的废气净化催化剂的NOx净化率。
予以说明,图8是示出对比较例2、实施例5~8和10以及参考例3~4的废气净化催化剂进行硫中毒处理和硫中毒恢复处理情况下的作为Rh催化剂中的载体粒子的AlPO4或Al0.8Zr0.2PO4的比例(y)与NOx净化率(%)的关系的图。
从图8看到了与关于图7说明的内容同样的内容。
予以说明,由图7~8可理解,实施例9~10的废气净化催化剂的NOx净化率分别稍微低于实施例2和6的废气净化催化剂的NOx净化率,另一方面,与以往的废气净化催化剂的NOx净化率相比则足够高。
虽然详细地记载了本发明的优选的实施方案,但本领域技术人员会理解,关于本发明中使用的装置、设备和试剂等,可改变其制造商、等级及品质等,而不脱离权利要求书。
Claims (5)
1.废气净化催化剂,其含有:载持有Rh并含有Al、Zr及Ti的复合氧化物载体粒子,和载持有Rh的磷酸铝系载体粒子,
所述磷酸铝系载体粒子是由Al的一部分被Zr置换的磷酸铝构成的载体粒子,
所述磷酸铝系载体粒子由式AlαZr(1-α)PO4表示,并且α为0.80以上且小于1.00,
相对于构成所述复合氧化物载体粒子和所述磷酸铝系载体粒子的金属的总摩尔数,构成所述磷酸铝系载体粒子的金属的摩尔数的比例为7.5%以上15.0%以下。
2.权利要求1所述的废气净化催化剂,其进一步含有载持有Pt的载体粒子。
3.权利要求2所述的废气净化催化剂,其中所述载持有Pt的载体粒子包含含有Al、Zr及Ti的复合氧化物载体粒子,和/或含有Ce及Al的复合氧化物载体粒子。
4.权利要求1~3任一项所述的废气净化催化剂,其是用于净化NOx的催化剂。
5.废气净化方法,其中,在稀气氛中使含有NOx的废气与权利要求1~4任一项所述的废气净化催化剂接触以吸留NOx,然后,在化学计量气氛或浓气氛中还原并净化所述废气净化催化剂中吸留的所述NOx。
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