CN106287021B - 柔性管子和用于其的耦合器 - Google Patents

柔性管子和用于其的耦合器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106287021B
CN106287021B CN201610694593.5A CN201610694593A CN106287021B CN 106287021 B CN106287021 B CN 106287021B CN 201610694593 A CN201610694593 A CN 201610694593A CN 106287021 B CN106287021 B CN 106287021B
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China
Prior art keywords
flexible hose
hose according
coupler
hose
sealing
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CN201610694593.5A
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CN106287021A (zh
Inventor
布鲁诺·贾斯帕尔特
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Getford Second Engineering Services Uk Ltd
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Gates Engineering Services Uk Ltd
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Publication of CN106287021A publication Critical patent/CN106287021A/zh
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
    • F16L11/08—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall
    • F16L11/081—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall comprising one or more layers of a helically wound cord or wire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
    • F16L11/08—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3604—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3608—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements
    • B29C65/3612—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements comprising fillers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3604—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3608—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements
    • B29C65/3616—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint comprising single particles, e.g. fillers or discontinuous fibre-reinforcements comprising discontinuous fibre-reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/40—Applying molten plastics, e.g. hot melt
    • B29C65/42—Applying molten plastics, e.g. hot melt between pre-assembled parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/40—Applying molten plastics, e.g. hot melt
    • B29C65/42—Applying molten plastics, e.g. hot melt between pre-assembled parts
    • B29C65/425—Applying molten plastics, e.g. hot melt between pre-assembled parts characterised by the composition of the molten plastics applied between pre-assembled parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/481—Non-reactive adhesives, e.g. physically hardening adhesives
    • B29C65/4815—Hot melt adhesives, e.g. thermoplastic adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B29C65/4835—Heat curing adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/52—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive
    • B29C65/54—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive between pre-assembled parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/52—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive
    • B29C65/54—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive between pre-assembled parts
    • B29C65/542—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive between pre-assembled parts by injection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/70—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/128—Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1282—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one overlap joint-segment
    • B29C66/12821—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one overlap joint-segment comprising at least two overlap joint-segments
    • B29C66/12822—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one overlap joint-segment comprising at least two overlap joint-segments comprising at least three overlap joint-segments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/128—Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/1284—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one butt joint-segment
    • B29C66/12841—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one butt joint-segment comprising at least two butt joint-segments
    • B29C66/12842—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one butt joint-segment comprising at least two butt joint-segments comprising at least three butt joint-segments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5344—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/63—Internally supporting the article during joining
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
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    • B29C66/73773—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being semi-crystalline
    • B29C66/73774—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined amorphous, semi-crystalline or crystalline the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being semi-crystalline the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being semi-crystalline
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    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
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    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73755—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being fully cured, i.e. fully cross-linked, fully vulcanized
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本申请涉及柔性管子和用于其的耦合器。本发明涉及在弹性体的或合成聚合物柔性管子或软管和金属耦合构件(13')之间的密封的连接部的构建。耦合构件围绕在柔性管子或软管的自由端部处的防护层(9')。密封区域(3')被管子耦合器(13')的凹陷的部分界定，密封材料(23)被引入密封区域中。柔性管子或软管的内衬垫层(1')可以延伸入密封区域(3')中，在密封区域其被结合到密封材料。密封材料(23)和内衬垫层(1')中的每个可以包含半结晶的热塑性材料。此外，加强材料(2')被设置在内衬垫层(1')中。

Description

柔性管子和用于其的耦合器
本申请是申请日为2013年11月22日，申请号为201380070885.6，发明名称为“柔性管子和用于其的耦合器”的申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于高压力或高压力/高温度应用的柔性管子或软管，并且特别地，虽然不是排他地，涉及在管子或软管和金属耦合构件之间的密封的连接部的构建。在本发明的一个实施方案中，加强工具被结合入柔性管子或软管的内衬垫中。本发明的柔性管子或软管主要地意图适合于烃类液体或气体和/或水的运输。还公开了用于制造具有上文提到的特征的柔性管子或软管的方法。虽然术语“管子”和“软管”在本发明的公开内容全文中被大体上同步地使用，但是管子可以被理解为是比软管相对地较不柔性的，如果上下文如此允许的话。
发明背景
柔性管子或软管在油气开采的领域中在在岸和离岸应用二者中使用，主要地用于流体和气体的运输。术语“柔性”将被理解为排除实质上刚性的构造，例如钢管子。柔性管子或软管典型地被用于把被加压的高温度原油和气体从基于海床的井口运输至浮式平台或处理设施。然而，它们同样地适合于携带宽的范围的目的在于增强或保持生产量的注射或服务流体。因此，柔性管子软管被暴露于内部和外部压力和温度二者的宽的变化。
典型的管子或软管压力和温度额定值在例如美国石油组织(API)标准7K，第5版，2010年6月，名称为‘Drilling and Well Servicing Equipment’中公开(见段落9.6.1、9.6.3.1和表格9)。另外的关于在柔性管子或软管(典型地具有3"和更高的直径)中经历的压力和/或温度条件的指导可以在API标准，16C(见表格3.4.1、3.4.2、3.4.3和3.5.2.1)，OCIMF，17J和17K中找到。在中等直径软管中压力额定值将典型地是几百bar(例如具有10至超过100MPa的数量级)，并且将随着增加的软管直径减少。柔性管子或软管必须能够抵抗约-40℃至+132℃的典型的温度条件，取决于应用。
柔性管子可以被分割为两个类别：粘合的和非粘合的。非粘合的柔性管子典型地包括多个金属防护层和聚合物抗磨损/抗摩擦层，由此在至少两个毗邻的层之间的一定程度的相对滑移是可能的。即使当一个层被内嵌在另一个内时，非粘合的特征也可能被简单的拉拔试验表明，例如将钢索加强层从其围绕的聚合物基质拉拔出来的拉拔试验。该试验是基于‘Standard Test Method for Rubber Property-Adhesion to Steel Cord’(ASTMD2229-85)’的适应性修改的版本。
普遍地用于与非粘合的管子相似的应用的范围的粘合的管子排除毗邻的层之间的任何滑移。粘合的管子采用内弹性体的或热塑性衬垫管子，其有时被在底层的金属骨架上挤出或被结合到底层的金属骨架并且被防护层围绕。整个的管子可以被认为是被粘合的(涂覆黄铜的或镀锌的)金属线缆或丝和弹性体层的复合物，如下文提到的，可能包括热塑性内衬垫层。粘合的管子被测试以确保它们能够抵抗快速的气体减压事件，快速的气体减压事件可能导致在它们的最内的层中的起泡现象。粘合的柔性管子类型可以被用作柔性的升管、装载软管或用于开采的软管(旋转软管、扼流和节流软管、泥和水泥软管)。
为了避免液体和气体渗透损失，热塑性管子或具有热塑性内衬垫的管子经常地被采用从而增强其的总体的密封能力。然而，某些流体或气体可以是非常侵蚀性的并且导致某些聚合物或塑料衬垫的快速的降解，特别是在较高的温度。为了解决该问题，已知的是采用在管子和/或其的内衬垫(如果存在的话)内的更化学地惰性的聚合物类型，例如交联聚乙烯(PEX)、聚酰胺11/12(PA11/PA12)、乙烯四氟乙烯(ETFE)、聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)或聚醚醚酮(PEEK)。虽然这些工程聚合物提供在耐热性、酸性腐蚀抵抗性、抗裂化行为、低气体/液体渗透性等等的方面的许多优点，但是它们已知是在确保与软管耦合器的良好的品质的密封(即管子至管子或管子至端部接头连接)上较不有效的。经常地，这些衬垫被内(不锈钢)骨架加强。
为了确保管子或其的内衬垫和耦合器之间的可靠的密封(即管子至管子或管子至端部接头连接)，所有的‘泄漏路径’必须被消除。泄漏路径是任何允许被加压的流体或气体与更低压力状态均衡化的路径。在管子构造内在毗邻的层或材料之间的织物、气穴(airpocket)、防护线缆或任何连续的粘合失效均可以导致这样的‘泄漏路径’，导致局部化的气体/液体积聚，导致起泡以及，最终地，柔性管子的失效。安全的并且有效的密封是对于高压力高温度的粘合的管子的基本的安全性要求。据发明人所知，粘合的软管的所有的制造商迄今已经采用基于弹性体的密封化合物，例如在GB2329439B(Antal等人)中公开的那个。
弹性体构成最柔性的、可变形的并且弹性的三个类别的非金属的聚合物材料。所有的弹性体的一个行为特性是它们是对气体和蒸气固有地可渗透的。当被在柔性管子内用于高温度/高压力应用时，溶解的气体的向弹性体的结构内的微空隙中的传输使管子在快速的减压事件期间更易于破裂，即由此当管子的外部的压力被损失时气泡在微空隙内形成。这种类型的管子失效被称为‘爆炸性减压’并且导致管子密封和/或内衬的严重失效。
在为使‘爆炸性减压’最小化的努力中，用于高温度/高压力应用的柔性管子典型地采用内热塑性衬垫以减少液体/气体渗透的可能性；以及位于热塑性衬垫径向地内侧的内部条状缠绕的钢骨架以减少起泡的可能性。虽然这样的预防性的措施通常是沿着管子的长度有效的，但是在管子和其的耦合器之间的密封的连接部(即管子至管子或管子至端部接头连接)是保持经受密封压力的区域。这样的压力来源于机械地施加的压缩和/或来源于正在被密封的流体的流体静压力的压缩。
在它们的功能的性质的方面，弹性体是软的，实质上弹性的并且实质上不可压缩的。这样的特征使弹性体适合于作为在管子和其的耦合器的界面处的初级的密封部的使用。弹性体的固有的不可压缩性意味着高应力可以被抵抗，并且高压力可以被适应，当弹性体材料被高度地约束时。弹性体的密封部因此是对于高温度/高压力应用的自动的选择。然而，弹性体的失效或退化的多个模式被充分地记载，如在健康和安全执行局报告第320(2005)号，名称为：‘Elastomers for fluid containment in offshore oil and gasproduction:Guidelines and review’(ISBN 0 7176 2969 4)中的表格1和2中汇总的。在表格1中，“快速气体减压或爆炸性减压(ED)”的失效模式被如下地描述：“当外部压力被损失时，在高压力条件下被溶解在弹性体中的气体从溶液出来并且形成在材料中的气泡。气泡可以足够地生长以导致材料(例如密封部)的或界面(例如软管中的衬垫和毗邻的层之间的)的断裂。
考虑到弹性体的失效或恶化的已知的模式，上文仅描述了其中的一个，本发明的发明人得出了这样的结论：具有对于提供相对于目前的密封性能的可识别的改进同时简化总体的管子构造和制造的方法的可选择的柔性管子安排的需要。特别地，在柔性管子或软管和任何相关联的耦合器的在更长的时期内抵抗恶劣的条件的方面的进一步的改进将是高度地期望的。
发明概述
根据本发明的第一方面，提供一种合成聚合物柔性管子，包括：
(i)围绕柔性管子的端部的防护层；
(ii)管子耦合器，该管子耦合器被布置在管子的端部处并且围绕防护层；
(iii)被管子耦合器的凹陷的部分界定的密封区域；以及
(iv)被布置在密封区域中的密封材料；
其中所述管子端部延伸入密封区域中并且被结合到密封材料，并且其特征在于密封材料是非弹性体的并且密封材料和柔性管子二者都包含选自包括热塑性塑料和热固性塑料的组的同一个类别的合成聚合物。
可选择地，柔性管子和密封材料中的每个包含半结晶的热塑性材料。
在一个实施方案中，密封材料作为可注射的流体或熔融的合成聚合物被提供。
在一个可选择的实施方案中，密封材料作为固态的可熔融的密封体被提供。
可选择地，固态的可熔融的密封体包括选自包括以下项目的组的一种或多种金属颗粒：纤维、粗晶粒、碎屑、或细粉末。
可选择地，不同的大小的金属颗粒被分布遍及固态的可熔融的密封体。
可选择地，仅柔性管子的内衬垫层包含延伸入密封区域中的半结晶的热塑性材料。
可选择地，加强材料被设置在内衬垫层内但是未结合到其的半结晶的热塑性材料。
可选择地，加强材料被设置在内衬垫层内，加强材料借助于粘合性束缚层被完全地结合到内衬垫层的半结晶的热塑性材料。
可选择地，加强材料包括被螺旋地缠绕的钢索和/或钢丝。
可选择地，两个或两个以上单独的被螺旋地缠绕的钢索和/或钢丝被以互锁方式安排。
可选择地，加强材料被以缠绕方式以相对于柔性管子的纵向轴线的在25度至85度之间的角度安排在内衬垫层内。
可选择地，加强材料包括选自包括以下项目的列表的一种或多种纤维线和/或粗纱：玻璃纤维、碳纤维、UHmwPE(超高分子量聚乙烯)纤维和芳香聚酰胺纤维。
可选择地，电加热元件被设置在内衬垫层内。
可选择地，电加热元件包括选自包括以下项目的列表的一种或多种材料：传导性的丝、传导性的电缆、传导性的织物或传导性的复合物。
可选择地，内衬垫层的半结晶的热塑性材料通过聚合物至聚合物结合被直接地结合到密封材料的半结晶的热塑性材料。
可选择地，密封材料的半结晶的热塑性材料通过聚合物至金属结合被直接地结合到管子耦合器。
可选择地，密封材料的半结晶的热塑性材料经过中间粘合性束缚层被间接地结合到内衬垫层和/或管子耦合器。
可选择地，粘合性束缚层也包含半结晶的热塑性材料。
可选择地，内衬垫层和/或密封材料的半结晶的热塑性材料是聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)材料。
可选择地，内衬垫层和/或密封材料的半结晶的热塑性材料是交联聚乙烯(PEX)材料。
可选择地，内衬垫层和/或密封材料的半结晶的热塑性材料是全氟烷氧基(PFA)材料。
可选择地，管子耦合器由金属或金属合金形成。
可选择地，圆柱形的套筒构件在柔性管子的端部处被布置在内衬垫下方并且在密封区域附近与管子耦合器配合以支撑内衬垫层的延伸入密封区域中的一部分。
可选择地，圆柱形的套筒构件的外表面被以相对于管子的中央纵向轴线的锐角倾斜。
可选择地，内衬垫层通过压接的(crimped)或型锻的(swaged)连接部被耦合到管子耦合器。
根据本发明的第二方面，提供一种制造合成聚合物柔性管子的方法，包括以下步骤：
(i)提供包括界定密封区域的凹陷的部分的管子耦合器；
(ii)提供柔性管子和围绕管子的防护层；
(iii)提供用于引入密封区域中的密封材料；
(iv)把管子耦合器装配至软管的端部；以及
(v)在密封区域内分别地在所述管子端部和密封材料之间以及在管子耦合器和密封材料之间建立永久的聚合物至聚合物和聚合物至金属化学结合；
其中密封材料是非弹性体的并且柔性管子的至少一部分和密封材料二者都由选自包括热塑性塑料和热固性塑料的组的同一个类别的合成聚合物组成。
可选择地，方法包括提供在柔性管子内的加强工具的另外的步骤。
可选择地，在把管子耦合器装配至所述管子端部的步骤之前或之后，支撑构件被引入所述管子端部的内表面下方。
在一个实施方案中，支撑构件在装配管子耦合器之前被引入从而扩展所述管子端部的直径，一旦管子耦合器被装配，被扩展的部分被支撑在密封区域附近。
可选择地，在密封区域内建立永久的化学结合的步骤涉及通过经过通路的注射来把密封材料引入密封区域中，该通路把密封区域联接到管子耦合器的外部。
在一个可选择的实施方案中，在密封区域内建立永久的化学结合的步骤涉及通过在把管子耦合器装配至所述管子端部之前把固态的可熔融的密封体在管子端部附近安装至管子上来把密封材料引入密封区域中。
可选择地，把管子耦合器装配至所述管子端部的步骤之后是把支撑构件引入所述管子端部的内表面下方的步骤，支撑构件结合有熔融密封区域内的固态的可熔融的密封体的加热器。
可选择地，引入支撑构件的步骤涉及采用可充气的支撑构件，可充气的支撑构件在永久的化学结合被建立时被暂时地充气紧贴所述管子端部的内表面。
可选择地，引入支撑构件的步骤之后是把所述支撑构件永久地型锻紧贴所述管子端部的内表面。
可选择地，在密封区域内熔融固态的可熔融的密封体的步骤伴随有施加真空以从密封区域除去实质上所有的空气的步骤。
可选择地，提供柔性管子的步骤和提供密封材料的步骤中的每个包括提供包含半结晶的热塑性材料的管子和密封材料。
可选择地，建立永久的化学结合的步骤涉及冷却密封材料。
根据本发明的第三方面，提供了一种弹性体的柔性软管，包括：
(i)半结晶的热塑性内衬垫层；
(ii)防护层，其在柔性软管的端部处围绕内衬垫层；
(iii)软管耦合器，其被布置在软管的端部处并且围绕防护层；
(iv)被软管耦合器的凹陷的部分界定的密封区域；以及
(v)半结晶的热塑性密封材料或交联的弹性体的密封材料，其被布置在密封区域中；
其中内衬垫层的一部分在所述软管端部处延伸入密封区域中并且被结合到密封材料，并且其特征在于加强材料被设置在内衬垫层内。
可选择地，加强材料不被结合到半结晶的热塑性材料。
可选择地，加强材料包括被螺旋地缠绕的钢索和/或钢丝。
可选择地，两个或两个以上单独的被螺旋地缠绕的钢索和/或钢丝被以互锁方式安排。
可选择地，加强材料被以缠绕方式以相对于柔性软管的纵向轴线的在25度至85度之间的角度安排在内衬垫层内。
可选择地，加强材料包括选自包括以下项目的列表的一种或多种纤维线和/或粗纱：玻璃纤维、碳纤维、UHmwPE(超高分子量聚乙烯)纤维和芳香聚酰胺纤维。
可选择地，电加热元件被设置在内衬垫层内。
可选择地，圆柱形的套筒构件在柔性软管的端部处被布置在内衬垫下方并且在密封区域附近与软管耦合器配合以支撑内衬垫层的延伸入密封区域中的一部分。
在一个实施方案中，密封材料作为可注射的流体或熔融的合成聚合物被提供。
在一个可选择的实施方案中，密封材料作为固态的可熔融的密封体被提供。
可选择地，固态的可熔融的密封体包括选自包括以下项目的组的一种或多种金属颗粒：纤维、粗晶粒、碎屑、或细粉末。
可选择地，不同的大小的金属颗粒被分布遍及固态的可熔融的密封体。
可选择地，内衬垫层通过压接的或型锻的连接部被耦合到软管耦合器。
可选择地，柔性软管的所有的毗邻的层被部分地或完全地结合在永久的连接中。
可选择地，外覆盖层围绕防护层并且包含半结晶的热塑性材料。
可选择地，加强材料被设置在外覆盖层内。
可选择地，加强材料包括一种或多种选自包括钢索、钢线、纤维线和纤维粗纱的列表的材料。
可选择地，纤维线或粗纱包括选自包括玻璃纤维、碳纤维、UHmwPE(超高分子量聚乙烯)纤维和芳香聚酰胺纤维的列表的一种或多种纤维。
可选择地，外覆盖物内的加强材料被以单向的、双向的或多方向的方式对准。
可选择地，外覆盖层内的加强材料被设置在织物或分层的带内。
可选择地，不锈钢互锁覆盖层围绕柔性软管的外部。
根据本发明的第四方面，提供一种制造弹性体的柔性软管的方法，包括以下步骤：
(i)提供包括界定密封区域的凹陷的部分的软管耦合器；
(ii)提供软管和防护层，所述软管包括半结晶的热塑性内衬垫层，所述防护层在柔性软管的端部处围绕内衬垫层；
(iii)提供半结晶的热塑性密封材料或交联的弹性体的密封材料，用于向密封区域中的引入；
(iv)提供在内衬垫层内的加强材料；
(v)把管子耦合器装配至软管的端部；以及
(vi)在密封区域内分别地在所述软管端部和密封材料之间以及在软管耦合器和密封材料之间建立永久的化学结合。
可选择地，在密封区域内建立永久的化学结合的步骤涉及通过在把软管耦合器装配至所述软管端部之前把固态的可熔融的密封体安装在所述软管端部附近把密封材料引入密封区域中。
可选择地，把软管耦合器装配至所述软管端部的步骤之后是把支撑构件引入所述软管端部的内表面下方的步骤，支撑构件结合有熔融密封区域内的固态的可熔融的密封体的加热器。
可选择地，引入支撑构件的步骤涉及采用可充气的支撑构件，可充气的支撑构件在永久的化学结合被建立时被暂时地充气紧贴所述软管端部的内表面。
可选择地，引入支撑构件的步骤之后是把其永久地型锻紧贴所述软管端部的内表面。
可选择地，熔融密封区域内的固态的可熔融的密封体的步骤伴随有施加真空以从密封区域除去实质上所有的空气的步骤。
词语“之前是”、“之后是”、“之前”、“之后”的使用不一定意图意指紧邻地“之前是”等等，除非文本如此要求。
本发明的实施方案将现在被描述，仅以例子的方式，参照附图，在附图中：
图1是示出了被装配在柔性管子或软管的端部上的管子或软管耦合器的横截面示意图；
图2a是更详细地示出了图1的密封区域的横截面示意图；
图2b是示出了被非弹性体的密封材料填充的图2a的密封区域的横截面示意图；
图3a是示出了允许更多的机械夹紧的可选择的密封区域的横截面示意图；
图3b是示出了被非弹性体的密封材料填充的图3a的可选择的密封区域的横截面示意图；
图4a是示出了在内衬垫内的加强部的铺设角度的横截面示意图；
图4b是示出了在内衬垫内的可选择的铺设角度和加热工具的横截面示意图；
图5是示出了具有可选择的外加强结构的被装配在柔性管子或软管的端部上的软管耦合器的横截面示意图；
图6是示出了管子或软管组成的横截面示意图，其中组成层已经在用于把管子/软管耦合器装配到管子/软管端部的准备中被渐进地朝向管子/软管端部剥开；
图7是示出了具有被安装到管子或软管的自由端部的可熔融的密封环的图6的管子或软管组成的横截面示意图；
图8a是示出了被装配在图7的可熔融的密封环的端部上的管子或软管耦合器的横截面示意图；
图8b是示出了被装配在可选择的L形状的可熔融的密封环的端部上的管子或软管耦合器的横截面示意图；
图9是相应于图8a的横截面示意图，示出了结合有感应加热器的支撑构件；
图10是相应于图8a的横截面示意图，示出了除去在图9中示出的支撑构件之后的化学结合在密封区域中的建立；
图11a是更详细地示出了图8a的密封区域的横截面示意图；
图11b是更详细地示出了图10的密封区域的横截面示意图。
图12a是更详细地示出了在感应加热器的激活之前的图8b的密封区域的横截面示意图；并且
图12b是更详细地示出了在感应加热器的激活之后的图8b的密封区域的横截面示意图。
图1示出了被环形的软管耦合器13围绕的柔性软管的端部的示意性的横截面图。柔性软管的最内的层是半结晶的聚合物内衬垫1，加强材料2被内嵌在半结晶的聚合物内衬垫1内。在某些实施方案(未示出)中柔性的不锈钢互锁部或骨架可以被径向地布置在内衬垫1内(即下方)并且被化学地粘合或压接于其以形成最内的层。
内衬垫1可以由任何合适的类型的半结晶的热塑性塑料形成，例如从聚烯烃衍生的聚合物。可能的选项包括但是不一定限于：聚丙烯；完全或部分交联聚乙烯；聚酰胺例如聚酰胺-聚酰亚胺；聚酰亚胺(PI)(PA6、PA11或PA12)；聚氨酯(PU)；聚脲类；聚酯；聚缩醛；聚醚例如聚醚砜(PES)；多氧化物；多硫化物例如聚苯硫醚(PPS)；聚砜例如聚芳砜(PAS)；聚丙烯酸酯；聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)；聚醚醚酮(PEEK)；聚乙烯化合物；聚丙烯腈；聚醚酮酮(PEKK)。另外的选项包括以上物质的共聚物例如氟聚合物；例如三氟乙烯(VF3)或四氟乙烯的均聚物或共聚物；包含两个或两个以上不同的选自VF2、VF3、氯三氟乙烯、四氟乙烯、六氟丙烯或四氟乙烯的成员的共聚物或三元共聚物；包含上文提到的聚合物中的一个或多个和复合材料的聚合物共混物，例如与加强纤维例如玻璃纤维和/或碳纤维和/或芳纶纤维化合的上文提到的聚合物。对于给定的应用的半结晶的热塑性塑料的选择将取决于柔性管子的具体的预期的服务条件以及可能地取决于其他的考虑，例如制造的容易性和成本。
内衬垫1被加固织物层8围绕。织物层8(其可以包含橡胶)被钢套筒7围绕，钢套筒7在厚度上朝向柔性软管的端部增加。钢套筒7被一个或多个防护层9围绕，一个或多个防护层9包括例如被内嵌在橡胶缓冲层10内的钢索、钢丝或玻璃/碳/芳香聚酰胺纤维线或粗纱的一个或多个被螺旋地缠绕的层。防护层9和缓冲层10可以被以带的形式被提供，该带在一个或多个层中被围绕内衬垫1缠绕。不同的层可以被以不同的缠绕角度缠绕。
如果存在，那么内衬垫1内的加强材料2可以采取被螺旋地缠绕的钢索、钢丝或纤维线或粗纱的形式，具有相对于柔性软管的纵向轴线100的在25度至85度之间的缠绕角度(见图4a)。优选地，缠绕角度将尽可能地接近于54-55度的中性角。缠绕角度可以根据具体的要求被调整。然而，缠绕角度将正常地不小于25度或多于85度以确保受控的弯曲行为。例外地，如果应用要求内衬垫1是可缩陷的的话，缠绕角度可以是小于25度(见图4b)。在该特别的情况下内嵌的加强层作为用于内衬垫1的加固物起作用，把伸长限制于小于内衬垫的热塑性材料的伸长阈值的值。在一个实施方案中，相同加强材料2的一个或多个另外的层可以被以不同的角度缠绕，使相容的热塑性材料被过度挤出以完全地内嵌分别的另外的加强层。
钢索和/或钢丝可以被缠绕使得毗邻的缠绕部是互锁的。加强材料2可以也包括选自包括以下的列表的纤维线和/或粗纱：玻璃纤维、碳纤维、UHmwPE(超高分子量聚乙烯)纤维(Dyneema)和芳香聚酰胺纤维。将理解，该列表是非排他性的。加强材料可以是由上文提到的材料中的一个或多个组成的纺织编织部或织物。加强材料2可以被以含有上文提到的材料中的一个或多个的带的形式提供。加强材料2可以使用与内衬垫1由其制造的同一个半结晶的热塑性材料被过度挤出。优选的是，加强材料2可以适应由负载的施加导致的剪切变形，例如在弯曲期间。据此，加强材料2可选择地不被结合到其被内嵌在其内的内衬垫1的热塑性材料。
热源可以被结合入内衬垫1中，例如通过把电伴热层(electric heat tracinglayer)加入加强材料2上方和/或下方和/或之间(也在图4b中示出的)。基本的是，被产生的热被保持充分地低于内衬垫1的热塑性材料的熔点。伴热元件可以包括单独的传导性的丝或利用加强材料2自身的钢缆或基于钢的织物或复合材料。
环形的软管耦合器13的内径从左至右以大体上台阶式的方式增加，如在图1中察看的。凹陷的部分3被设置在软管耦合器13的主体的最邻近其的最窄的内径的一个端部处。术语“凹陷的部分”在本文语境中将被理解为定义了界限被软管耦合器主体、圆柱形的套筒6和柔性软管的最内的层1、8界定的内放大直径空间，即如被图1和5中的间隔紧密的对角线阴影指示的。
柔性软管的端部部分被准备以常规的方式接收软管耦合器，例如通过固化和剥开以渐进地暴露其的底层的层。圆柱形的内套筒6被布置在柔性软管的端部部分内。被内套筒6界定的内径被选择从而实质上等于柔性软管的被其的内衬垫1界定的内径。内套筒6的外表面朝向纵向轴线100成锥形。随着内套筒6被插入柔性软管的端部中，其的成锥形的部分接合内衬垫1的最内的表面。内套筒6的向柔性软管中的渐进的插入使内衬垫1的内径随着其被沿着内套筒6的成锥形的表面向上推动时扩展。
当软管耦合器被装配在柔性软管的被扩展的端部上时，软管耦合器13的凹陷的部分3被内套筒6部分地封闭。一旦被定位在其的端部上，那么软管耦合器可以可选择地被从外侧压接至柔性软管上。环氧树脂11被经过端帽12引入在软管耦合器主体13的内表面和柔性软管的剥开层之间的区域中。
一旦软管耦合器就位，那么内套筒6因此把内衬垫1的被扩展的端部部分以及围绕的织物层8和钢套筒7的端部共同地支撑在软管耦合器主体13的凹陷的部分3内。所有的三个层被压缩(例如通过从内侧压接或型锻)在内套筒6的外表面和软管耦合器主体13的相对的表面之间，以封闭在凹陷的部分3和柔性软管的内部圆柱形的容积和耦合器主体13之间的路径的方式。
凹陷的部分3的内部容积(在下文被称为“密封区域”)的界限被耦合器主体13的内壁以及在一个优选的实施方案中被内套筒6的径向外表面界定。耦合器主体13的内壁的一个表面部分被以相对于柔性软管的纵向轴线100的锐角倾斜。锐角可以是约45度。柔性软管的端部部分，即其的内衬垫1和织物层8，延伸入密封区域3中，如在图2a中更详细地示出的。
图3a和3b示出了可选择的密封区域3，其中耦合器主体13的内壁和内套筒6的径向外表面被提供锯齿状的表面轮廓16。锯齿16提供在密封区域3内的表面和密封材料15之间的增强的机械连接。如在图3b中示出的，锯齿16的存在可以意味着束缚层14仅需要被施用于在密封区域3内的任何非锯齿状的表面。耦合器主体13的内壁的在密封区域3内的一个表面部分被以相对于柔性软管的纵向轴线100的钝角倾斜。该钝角可以是约135度。这起作用以增加在密封材料15和耦合器主体13之间的密封粘合部的表面积并且因此进一步增强该粘合部。
经过软管耦合器主体13的外部表面的通路被提供以提供经过可移除的端帽5的对密封区域3的接近。在一个实施方案中，非弹性体的密封材料可以使用内置的短节连接器4经过通路被引入密封区域3中。如在图2b中示出的，密封材料15完全地填充密封区域3并且可以被固化以分别地在内衬垫1的端部部分和密封材料15之间以及在软管耦合器主体13的表面和密封材料15之间建立永久的聚合物至聚合物和聚合物至金属的粘合。如在图2a和3a中最好地示出的，承载弹性体的密封表面22的钢或合成聚合物环25被设置在软管耦合器主体13的内表面和柔性软管的内层1之间。这实现以下的二重的功能：(ii)防止被经过端帽12引入的环氧树脂进入密封区域；以及(ii)把压缩力提供至在其和内套筒6之间的层(即经过内衬垫1和加强材料2，如果存在的话)。
对于某些类型的密封材料15，在密封区域3内的分别的表面之间的完全的粘合使在引入密封材料15之前使用束缚层14包覆它们成为必要。束缚层可以使用常规的静电涂覆技术被施用。束缚层的施用可以也增加密封区域3内的连接部的热绝缘和机械强度。
在一个实施方案中，密封材料15包括非弹性体的半结晶的热塑性材料例如注射级聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)、全氟烷氧基(PFA)或交联聚乙烯(PEX)。在一个实施方案中，密封材料15、内衬垫1和束缚层14中的每个包含非弹性体的半结晶的热塑性材料。理想地，内衬垫1、束缚层14和密封材料15由同一种非弹性体的半结晶的热塑性材料形成，从而创造在密封区域15内在软管耦合器主体13和内衬垫1之间提供最好的可能的化学结合的单一的均质的聚合物结构。
均质的聚合物结构，例如基于上文讨论的PVDF、PFA或PEX材料，在5-10bar的数量级的压力差下将是实质上液体不能透过的。因此，任何被内嵌在内衬垫1内的加强材料2被保护不受腐蚀。如果所选择的聚合物结构由更液体可渗透的热塑性材料形成那么基于纤维的加强材料2(如上文描述的)可以被利用作为钢的替代形式。如果基于纤维的材料是非期望的，那么镀锌的钢丝或线缆可以作为保护抵抗腐蚀的手段被采用。
柔性软管的所有的毗邻的层被以本领域中已知的方式永久地化学地结合到彼此。然而，在一个优选的实施方案中，重要的是所采用的粘合过程不影响柔性软管的内衬垫1内的加强材料2的非粘合的特性。例如，热塑性材料例如PEX可能在加入加强材料2时成为交联的。
内衬垫1的热塑性材料被永久地并且完全地化学地结合到围绕的被橡胶包围的防护层9、10。因此，内衬垫1的热塑性材料的在弯曲和组合的负载的施加期间的剪切变形可以被最小化。上文讨论的PVDF、PFA或PEX材料具有对于高压力应用足够的粘合和机械性质。如果更惰性的和耐温度的材料例如部分地或完全地氟化的热塑性塑料被采用，那么额外的生产步骤可以被需要以获得完全的粘合。术语完全的粘合将被理解为意指在粘合部被破坏之前弹性体橡胶的机械强度极限或热塑性层的机械强度极限被超过。因为在被完全地粘合的管子上的变形和复合负载被内衬垫1和围绕的被橡胶包起的防护层9、10二者承担，所以这帮助避免已知的破坏机理并且提供柔性软管的显著的性能改进。
围绕被橡胶包围的防护层9、10的柔性软管的外部层包括抗磨损层17和外覆盖物18。这些层可以被以带的形式施用并且可以包含选自上文已经描述的类型中的一个或多个的单向的、双向的或多方向的加强材料。外部层可以使用最终的热塑性层被过度挤出。例如，以UHmwPE(超高分子量聚乙烯)带的形式的抗冲击层19可以被施用以提供额外的抗冲击性和抗磨损特性。可选择的安排(在图8b中示出的)可以采用纤维强化的或混合钢/纤维织物层26，与带共同地或代替带作为抗冲击层。外部层延伸越过被附接的软管耦合器的耦合器主体13。
用于柔性软管的外部层的可选择的安排被在图5中示出，其中不锈钢互锁部21被应用在中间橡胶缓冲层20上方。这种安排在钻井船或平台的月形开口区(moon pool area)内可能比在图1中示出的可选择的安排更易于遭受损伤。
产生软管和金属耦合构件之间的密封的连接部的可选择的方式将现在参照图6至12b被描述。图6是示出了软管的组成层的横截面示意图，其实质上相似于在图1和5中图示的那个。在为以下文描述的方式把软管耦合器装配到软管的准备中，组成层已经被朝向软管的自由端部(即在图6的左侧)渐进地剥开。
柔性软管的最内的层是半结晶的聚合物内衬垫1'，加强材料2'被内嵌在该内衬垫1'内。内衬垫1'被在软管的自由端部暴露并且被形成为具有在其的远端端部处的有角度的倒角，该倒角在形状上与被在软管耦合器13'中形成的环形座互补(见图11a至12b中的凹陷部的左侧)。内衬垫1'可以由任何合适的类型的半结晶的热塑性塑料形成，例如从聚烯烃衍生的聚合物，如已经在上文参照图1的实施方案描述的。围绕内衬垫1'的各种层也在上文参照图1的实施方案描述并且所以不需要在此被重复。然而，如在图6至12b中示出的，除去织物层8(在图1至5的实施方案中示出)是可能的，因为内加强部2'可以被设计为承担其的结构功能。
图7示出了被在软管的自由端部可滑动地安装在内衬垫1'的被暴露的部分上的可熔融的密封环23。可熔融的密封环23是半结晶的热塑性材料(优选地与内衬垫相同的类型)和选自包括以下项目的组的一种或多种的金属颗粒的混合：纤维、粗晶粒、碎屑、或细粉末。颗粒可以作为不同的大小的混合物被提供以确保遍及固态的可熔融的密封体的均匀的分布。
图8a示出了已经被推入配合在软管的自由端部上并且被与中央纵向轴线100'合适地对准的环形的软管耦合器13'。软管耦合器13'可以被结合到柔性软管的被剥开的层。这被以已知的方式实现，通过首先加热软管耦合器13'(例如借助于感应线圈)以及把环氧树脂经过端帽12'引入。为了防止环氧树脂进入密封区域中，承载弹性体密封表面22'的金属或聚合物环25'被安装在内衬垫1'上方毗邻于钢套筒7'。环形的软管耦合器13'的内径从左至右以大体上台阶式的方式增加，如在图8a中察看的。凹陷的部分3'被设置在软管耦合器13'的主体的最邻近其的最窄的内径的一个端部处并且界定密封区域。
术语“凹陷的部分”在本文语境中将被理解为定义了界限被软管耦合器主体和柔性软管的内衬垫1'界定的内放大直径空间，即包括固态的可熔融的密封环23被坐落在其内的体积。被端帽5'封闭的径向通路是初始地空的，如在图11a中更清楚地示出的。短节连接器4'被设置在该通路内侧以允许真空软管的连接。凹陷的部分可以设置有环形座，固态的可熔融的密封环23的端部部分可以被接收在该环形座内(见图8a、8b、9、11a和11b中的凹陷的部分3'的左侧)。这确保在其如下文描述的被加热之前的在环形的软管耦合器13'和可熔融的密封环23之间的安全的机械锁定。
图8b相似于图8a，但是示出了可选择的安排，其中可熔融的密封环23'在横截面中是L形状的，从而在软管的自由端部处延伸越过内衬垫1'的外表面和远端端部二者。这种安排被在图12a和12b中更详细地示出，分别在感应加热器的激活之前和之后。
图9示出了与图8a相同的安排，其中支撑构件(以结合有可加热的感应线圈的密封的硅橡胶软管的形式)已经被引入内衬垫1’下方。在使用中，密封的硅橡胶软管使用空气供应线29被充气从而施加抵抗内衬垫1'的圆柱形的内壁的径向支撑压力。在可加热的感应线圈的通过电连接部28的激活之前和/或期间，实质上所有的空气被从凹陷的部分3'除去。通过当可加热的感应线圈被激活时通过短节连接器4'保持凹陷的部分3'内的真空条件，所有的空气气泡被除去。加热过程继续，直到固态的可熔融的密封环23成为熔融的并且在体积上增加以填充凹陷的部分3'至预确定的水平，如在图11b中更清楚地示出的。这可以通过检查经过端帽5'的密封材料的水平被视觉地验证。加热的持续时间和温度将变化，取决于软管设计和材料选择。在该过程期间，被充气的橡胶软管确保固化的密封部被正确地对准。
束缚层14'可以被施用于软管耦合器13'的内表面以提供在密封材料和金属(例如钢)软管耦合器之间的更可靠的粘合性的粘合部。束缚层14'的选择将变化，取决于在密封材料中使用的热塑性材料的化学成分。在密封区域内的在密封材料和软管耦合器13'的表面之间的粘合性的粘合部必须能够抵抗内衬垫1'在高的温度和/或压力下蠕变的趋势。
图10是相应于图8b的横截面示意图，现在示出了在结合有如在图9中示出的可加热的感应线圈的密封的硅橡胶软管的移除之后的在密封区域中的化学结合的建立。
将意识到，本发明的各种实施方案提供相对于现有的用于把柔性软管连接到软管耦合器的安排的多种优点。最显著地，通过提供在密封区域内的与柔性软管的内衬垫的材料相同的(或化学地相似的)非弹性体的半结晶的密封材料，均质的聚合物结构从柔性软管延伸一直进入软管耦合器中，即衬垫成为密封部并且密封部是衬垫。这种结构提供比已知的现有技术产品更能够抵抗恶劣的生产环境的防潮的并且气密的阻挡层。
此外，通过把加强材料内嵌在柔性软管的内衬垫层内，柔性软管与软管耦合器的连接可以被进一步强化和改进。加强材料的向更靠近于柔性软管的芯部的内衬垫层中的集成使被粘合的软管是强度更高的并且因此如果期望的话能够使外防护层的缩小规模成为可能。例如，橡胶外加强层的数量或其的大小可以被减少。因此，成为可能的是实现更轻重量的和/或柔性的软管系统。被合适地设计的被加强的内层可以也代替对于内骨架的需要，因为支撑功能现在被结合在内衬垫层自身内。
图6至11b的实施方案提供从密封区域消除所有的气穴的另外的优点。这种安排还排除对于插入在图1、2a、2b和5中示出的内圆柱形的支撑套筒6的需要。套筒的为了型锻覆盖的密封区域的扩展的过程也被消除。代替地，柔性软管的内衬垫1’成为密封部的一部分并且所以工艺步骤被显著地简化和缩短。
本发明的各种实施方案提供密封安排，该密封安排克服或至少改良的与弹性体的密封部相关联的以下问题中的一个或多个。首先，高的温度导致弹性体的软化，这导致液体/气体扩散的增加的速率，从而加速化学降解。这种与温度相关的问题可以独立于高压力考虑地出现，虽然当然地高的压力将进一步恶化该问题。
修改和改进可以对于以上的被作出，而不偏离本发明的如被伴随的权利要求限定的范围。例如，用于上文提到的可熔融的密封体的可能的替代形式是可以在软管耦合器的装配之前被围绕柔性软管和其的衬垫的外表面缠绕的基座带(susceptor tape)。

Claims (77)

1.一种用于高压力和/或高温度的烃类液体或气体的运输的弹性体的柔性软管，包括：
(i)半结晶的热塑性内衬垫层；
(ii)防护层，其在所述柔性软管的端部处围绕所述内衬垫层；
(iii)金属软管耦合器，其被布置在所述柔性软管的所述端部处并且围绕所述防护层；
(iv)被所述金属软管耦合器的凹陷的部分界定的密封区域；以及
(v)被布置在所述密封区域中的半结晶的热塑性密封材料或交联的弹性体的密封材料；并且
其中所述内衬垫层的一部分在所述柔性软管端部处延伸入所述密封区域中并且被结合到所述密封材料，并且其特征在于被螺旋地缠绕的加强材料被完全地设置在所述内衬垫层内并且其特征还在于所述内衬垫层被结合到所述半结晶的热塑性密封材料，所述半结晶的热塑性密封材料在所述密封区域内通过束缚层被结合到所述金属软管耦合器的内表面，所述束缚层被涂覆于所述金属软管耦合器的所述内表面。
2.根据权利要求1所述的柔性软管，其中所述加强材料不被结合到所述半结晶的热塑性材料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的柔性软管，其中所述加强材料包括被螺旋地缠绕的钢索和/或钢丝或者选自包括以下项目的列表的一种或更多种纤维线和/或粗纱：玻璃纤维、碳纤维、UHmwPE(超高分子量聚乙烯)纤维和芳香聚酰胺纤维。
4.根据权利要求2所述的柔性软管，其中所述加强材料包括被螺旋地缠绕的钢索和/或钢丝或者选自包括以下项目的列表的一种或更多种纤维线和/或粗纱：玻璃纤维、碳纤维、UHmwPE(超高分子量聚乙烯)纤维和芳香聚酰胺纤维。
5.根据权利要求3所述的柔性软管，其中两个或两个以上单独的被螺旋地缠绕的钢索和/或钢丝被以互锁方式安排。
6.根据权利要求4所述的柔性软管，其中两个或两个以上单独的被螺旋地缠绕的钢索和/或钢丝被以互锁方式安排。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的柔性软管，其中所述加强材料被以缠绕方式以相对于所述柔性软管的纵向轴线的在25度至85度之间的角度安排在所述内衬垫层内。
8.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的柔性软管，其中电加热元件被设置在所述内衬垫层内。
9.根据权利要求7所述的柔性软管，其中电加热元件被设置在所述内衬垫层内。
10.根据权利要求1-6和9中任一项所述的柔性软管，其中圆柱形的套筒构件在所述柔性软管的所述端部处被布置在所述内衬垫层下方并且在所述密封区域附近与所述金属软管耦合器配合以支撑所述内衬垫层的延伸入所述密封区域中的一部分。
11.根据权利要求7所述的柔性软管，其中圆柱形的套筒构件在所述柔性软管的所述端部处被布置在所述内衬垫层下方并且在所述密封区域附近与所述金属软管耦合器配合以支撑所述内衬垫层的延伸入所述密封区域中的一部分。
12.根据权利要求8所述的柔性软管，其中圆柱形的套筒构件在所述柔性软管的所述端部处被布置在所述内衬垫层下方并且在所述密封区域附近与所述金属软管耦合器配合以支撑所述内衬垫层的延伸入所述密封区域中的一部分。
13.根据权利要求1-6、9和11-12中任一项所述的柔性软管，其中所述密封材料作为可注射的流体或熔融的合成聚合物被提供。
14.根据权利要求7所述的柔性软管，其中所述密封材料作为可注射的流体或熔融的合成聚合物被提供。
15.根据权利要求8所述的柔性软管，其中所述密封材料作为可注射的流体或熔融的合成聚合物被提供。
16.根据权利要求10所述的柔性软管，其中所述密封材料作为可注射的流体或熔融的合成聚合物被提供。
17.根据权利要求1所述的柔性软管，其中所述密封材料作为固态的可熔融的密封体被提供。
18.根据权利要求2所述的柔性软管，其中所述密封材料作为固态的可熔融的密封体被提供。
19.根据权利要求3所述的柔性软管，其中所述密封材料作为固态的可熔融的密封体被提供。
20.根据权利要求4所述的柔性软管，其中所述密封材料作为固态的可熔融的密封体被提供。
21.根据权利要求5所述的柔性软管，其中所述密封材料作为固态的可熔融的密封体被提供。
22.根据权利要求6所述的柔性软管，其中所述密封材料作为固态的可熔融的密封体被提供。
23.根据权利要求7所述的柔性软管，其中所述密封材料作为固态的可熔融的密封体被提供。
24.根据权利要求8所述的柔性软管，其中所述密封材料作为固态的可熔融的密封体被提供。
25.根据权利要求9所述的柔性软管，其中所述密封材料作为固态的可熔融的密封体被提供。
26.根据权利要求17-25中任一项所述的柔性软管，其中所述固态的可熔融的密封体包括选自包括以下项目的组的一种或更多种金属颗粒：纤维、粗晶粒、碎屑、或细粉末。
27.根据权利要求26所述的柔性软管，其中不同的大小的金属颗粒被分布遍及所述固态的可熔融的密封体。
28.根据权利要求1-6、9、11-12、14-25和27中任一项所述的柔性软管，其中所述内衬垫层通过压接的或型锻的连接部被耦合到所述金属软管耦合器。
29.根据权利要求7所述的柔性软管，其中所述内衬垫层通过压接的或型锻的连接部被耦合到所述金属软管耦合器。
30.根据权利要求8所述的柔性软管，其中所述内衬垫层通过压接的或型锻的连接部被耦合到所述金属软管耦合器。
31.根据权利要求10所述的柔性软管，其中所述内衬垫层通过压接的或型锻的连接部被耦合到所述金属软管耦合器。
32.根据权利要求13所述的柔性软管，其中所述内衬垫层通过压接的或型锻的连接部被耦合到所述金属软管耦合器。
33.根据权利要求26所述的柔性软管，其中所述内衬垫层通过压接的或型锻的连接部被耦合到所述金属软管耦合器。
34.根据权利要求1-6、9、11-12、14-25、27和29-33中任一项所述的柔性软管，其中所述柔性软管的所有的毗邻的层被部分地或完全地结合在永久的连接中。
35.根据权利要求7所述的柔性软管，其中所述柔性软管的所有的毗邻的层被部分地或完全地结合在永久的连接中。
36.根据权利要求8所述的柔性软管，其中所述柔性软管的所有的毗邻的层被部分地或完全地结合在永久的连接中。
37.根据权利要求10所述的柔性软管，其中所述柔性软管的所有的毗邻的层被部分地或完全地结合在永久的连接中。
38.根据权利要求13所述的柔性软管，其中所述柔性软管的所有的毗邻的层被部分地或完全地结合在永久的连接中。
39.根据权利要求26所述的柔性软管，其中所述柔性软管的所有的毗邻的层被部分地或完全地结合在永久的连接中。
40.根据权利要求28所述的柔性软管，其中所述柔性软管的所有的毗邻的层被部分地或完全地结合在永久的连接中。
41.根据权利要求1-6、9、11-12、14-25、27、29-33和35-40中任一项所述的柔性软管，其中外覆盖层围绕所述防护层并且包含半结晶的热塑性材料。
42.根据权利要求7所述的柔性软管，其中外覆盖层围绕所述防护层并且包含半结晶的热塑性材料。
43.根据权利要求8所述的柔性软管，其中外覆盖层围绕所述防护层并且包含半结晶的热塑性材料。
44.根据权利要求10所述的柔性软管，其中外覆盖层围绕所述防护层并且包含半结晶的热塑性材料。
45.根据权利要求13所述的柔性软管，其中外覆盖层围绕所述防护层并且包含半结晶的热塑性材料。
46.根据权利要求26所述的柔性软管，其中外覆盖层围绕所述防护层并且包含半结晶的热塑性材料。
47.根据权利要求28所述的柔性软管，其中外覆盖层围绕所述防护层并且包含半结晶的热塑性材料。
48.根据权利要求34所述的柔性软管，其中外覆盖层围绕所述防护层并且包含半结晶的热塑性材料。
49.根据权利要求41所述的柔性软管，其中加强材料被设置在所述外覆盖层内。
50.根据权利要求42-48中任一项所述的柔性软管，其中加强材料被设置在所述外覆盖层内。
51.根据权利要求49所述的柔性软管，其中所述外覆盖层内的所述加强材料包括选自包括钢索、钢线、纤维线和纤维粗纱的列表的一种或更多种材料。
52.根据权利要求50所述的柔性软管，其中所述外覆盖层内的加强材料包括选自包括钢索、钢线、纤维线和纤维粗纱的列表的一种或更多种材料。
53.根据权利要求51所述的柔性软管，其中所述外覆盖层内的所述纤维线或粗纱包括选自包括玻璃纤维、碳纤维、UHmwPE(超高分子量聚乙烯)纤维和芳香聚酰胺纤维的列表的一种或更多种纤维。
54.根据权利要求52所述的柔性软管，其中所述外覆盖层内的所述纤维线或粗纱包括选自包括玻璃纤维、碳纤维、UHmwPE(超高分子量聚乙烯)纤维和芳香聚酰胺纤维的列表的一种或更多种纤维。
55.根据权利要求49和51-54中任一项所述的柔性软管，其中所述外覆盖层内的所述加强材料被以单向的、双向的或多方向的方式对准。
56.根据权利要求50所述的柔性软管，其中所述外覆盖层内的所述加强材料被以单向的、双向的或多方向的方式对准。
57.根据权利要求49、51-54和56中任一项所述的柔性软管，其中所述外覆盖层内的所述加强材料被设置在织物或分层的带内。
58.根据权利要求50所述的柔性软管，其中所述外覆盖层内的所述加强材料被设置在织物或分层的带内。
59.根据权利要求55所述的柔性软管，其中所述外覆盖层内的所述加强材料被设置在织物或分层的带内。
60.根据权利要求1-6、9、11-12、14-25、27、29-33、35-40、42-49、51-54、56和58-59中任一项所述的柔性软管，其中不锈钢互锁覆盖层围绕所述柔性软管的外部。
61.根据权利要求7所述的柔性软管，其中不锈钢互锁覆盖层围绕所述柔性软管的外部。
62.根据权利要求8所述的柔性软管，其中不锈钢互锁覆盖层围绕所述柔性软管的外部。
63.根据权利要求10所述的柔性软管，其中不锈钢互锁覆盖层围绕所述柔性软管的外部。
64.根据权利要求13所述的柔性软管，其中不锈钢互锁覆盖层围绕所述柔性软管的外部。
65.根据权利要求26所述的柔性软管，其中不锈钢互锁覆盖层围绕所述柔性软管的外部。
66.根据权利要求28所述的柔性软管，其中不锈钢互锁覆盖层围绕所述柔性软管的外部。
67.根据权利要求34所述的柔性软管，其中不锈钢互锁覆盖层围绕所述柔性软管的外部。
68.根据权利要求41所述的柔性软管，其中不锈钢互锁覆盖层围绕所述柔性软管的外部。
69.根据权利要求50所述的柔性软管，其中不锈钢互锁覆盖层围绕所述柔性软管的外部。
70.根据权利要求55所述的柔性软管，其中不锈钢互锁覆盖层围绕所述柔性软管的外部。
71.根据权利要求57所述的柔性软管，其中不锈钢互锁覆盖层围绕所述柔性软管的外部。
72.一种制造用于高压力和/或高温度的烃类液体或气体的运输的弹性体的柔性软管的方法，包括以下步骤：
(i)提供软管耦合器，所述软管耦合器包括界定密封区域的凹陷的部分；
(ii)提供软管和防护层，所述软管包括半结晶的热塑性内衬垫层，所述防护层在所述柔性软管的端部处围绕所述内衬垫层；
(iii)提供半结晶的热塑性密封材料或交联的弹性体的密封材料，用于向所述密封区域中的引入；
(iv)提供完全地在所述内衬垫层内的加强材料；
(v)提供被施用于所述软管耦合器的内表面的束缚层，以将所述软管耦合器结合到所述半结晶的热塑性密封材料，所述半结晶的热塑性密封材料结合到所述内衬垫层；
(vi)把所述软管耦合器装配至所述软管的所述端部；以及
(vii)在所述密封区域内分别地在所述软管端部和所述密封材料之间以及在所述软管耦合器和所述密封材料之间建立永久的化学结合。
73.根据权利要求72所述的方法，其中在所述密封区域内建立永久的化学结合的步骤涉及在把所述软管耦合器装配至所述软管端部之前通过把固态的可熔融的密封体安装在所述软管端部附近来把所述密封材料引入所述密封区域中。
74.根据权利要求73所述的方法，其中把所述软管耦合器装配至所述软管端部的步骤之后是把支撑构件引入所述软管端部的内表面下方的步骤，所述支撑构件结合有熔融所述密封区域内的所述固态的可熔融的密封体的加热器。
75.根据权利要求74所述的方法，其中引入所述支撑构件的步骤涉及采用可充气的支撑构件，所述可充气的支撑构件在所述永久的化学结合被建立时被暂时地充气紧贴所述软管端部的所述内表面。
76.根据权利要求74所述的方法，其中引入支撑构件的步骤之后是把所述支撑构件永久地型锻紧贴所述软管端部的所述内表面。
77.根据权利要求73至76中任一项所述的方法，其中熔融所述密封区域内的所述固态的可熔融的密封体的步骤伴随有施加真空以从所述密封区域除去实质上所有的空气的步骤。
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