CN106280834B - 憎水憎油型防护剂在海港工程混凝土防护中的应用 - Google Patents
憎水憎油型防护剂在海港工程混凝土防护中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106280834B CN106280834B CN201610644657.0A CN201610644657A CN106280834B CN 106280834 B CN106280834 B CN 106280834B CN 201610644657 A CN201610644657 A CN 201610644657A CN 106280834 B CN106280834 B CN 106280834B
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
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- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
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- C04B41/4905—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/46—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with organic materials
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- C04B41/4922—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes containing silicon applied to the substrate as monomers, i.e. as organosilanes RnSiX4-n, e.g. alkyltrialkoxysilane, dialkyldialkoxysilane
- C04B41/4933—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes containing silicon applied to the substrate as monomers, i.e. as organosilanes RnSiX4-n, e.g. alkyltrialkoxysilane, dialkyldialkoxysilane containing halogens, i.e. organohalogen silanes
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
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Abstract
本发明公开憎水憎油型防护剂在海港工程混凝土防护中的应用,首先以氟代丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸酯共聚,并分别以自由基共聚和可逆加成‑断裂链转移活性聚合法进行制备,再将共聚物和小分子有机硅烷、氟硅烷和硅氧烷复配。通过控制共聚物的分子量可实现其在混凝土中渗透能力的调节,所得共聚物作用于混凝土内部及表面,可有效的形成一定厚度的含氟碳链疏水疏油层,低分子量有机硅烷、氟硅烷和硅氧烷可有效渗透进入混凝土内部,形成一层致密的防护层,从而对混凝土实现二次防护。双层防护体系可更加有效的对混凝土进行防护。
Description
本发明申请是母案申请“一种憎水憎油型海港工程混凝土防护剂及其制备方法”的分案申请,母案申请的申请日为2015年1月12日,母案申请的申请号为2015100142416。
技术领域
本发明涉及涂料科学技术领域,具体的说涉及一种浸渍型氟硅氧烷混凝土防护剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
海洋环境下,混凝土结构始终处于海水氯化物侵害的恶劣条件中。由于混凝土中存在大量的毛细孔,使水和氯化物等能够侵入混凝土内部,对混凝土材料和内部钢筋产生严重的腐蚀,极大的影响了混凝土的使用寿命。浸渍型有机硅混凝土防护剂是一种理想的混凝土、砖石等建材的防水和表面密封材料,其可有效的渗入基材内部,与混凝土发生化学反应,形成牢固的憎水性表面层,与此同时,其对基材表观形貌并不产生影响,有效的保存了混凝土表面的透气性能。目前国内外已有成系列浸渍型有机硅混凝土防护剂产品。近年来,氟化有机硅已成为有机涂料中一个十分活跃的研究领域。有机硅涂料虽具有杰出的耐高低温、电绝缘性和柔软性,以及低于一般树脂的表面能,但是其耐溶剂性、耐油、耐燃料油性能并不理想,用氟化烷基改性,可使氟碳树脂涂料和有机硅涂料二者优势互补,开发出一类新型的氟硅复合树脂涂料,满足高科技产业与国防工业发展的需要。
发明目的
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种有效的混凝土表观憎水憎油型防护剂及其制备方法,该保护剂涂刷到混凝土表面后不改变基材表面结构与外观颜色,能起到憎水憎油效果,防止外界各类介质腐蚀和污染结构表面,避免结构表面积聚雨雪或结冰,有效提高混凝土结构的耐久性,提升海防工程遂行作战能力。
本发明的技术目的通过下述技术方案予以实现:
一种憎水憎油型海港工程混凝土防护剂及其制备方法,即通过自由基共聚和可逆加成-断裂链转移活性聚合(RAFT)制备不同结构的氟代丙烯酸酯共聚物,再与小分子有机硅烷、氟硅烷和硅氧烷复配,得到了在混凝土表层具有不同渗透能力的保护剂体系。
憎水憎油型海港工程混凝土防护剂由含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物、氟硅烷、有机硅烷、硅氧烷和第一溶剂组成,使用搅拌或者超声方法以使各个组份混合均匀,其中:
所述硅氧烷为硅酸甲酯、或者硅酸丙酯,或者硅酸甲酯和硅酸丙酯的混合物,在硅酸甲酯和硅酸丙酯的混合物中,硅酸甲酯和硅酸丙酯的质量比为(2—3):(1—2)。
所述有机硅烷为异辛基三乙氧基硅烷,或者丁基三乙氧基硅烷,或者异辛基三乙氧基硅烷和丁基三乙氧基硅烷的混合物,在异辛基三乙氧基硅烷和丁基三乙氧基硅烷的混合物中,异辛基三乙氧基硅烷和丁基三乙氧基硅烷的质量比为(1—2):1。
所述氟硅烷为十二氟庚基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和十二氟烷基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物,或者十三氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷和十三氟烷基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物;在十二氟庚基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和十二氟烷基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物中,十二氟庚基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和十二氟烷基三甲氧基硅烷的质量比为(1—3):(1—5);在十三氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷和十三氟烷基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物中,十三氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷和十三氟烷基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的质量比为(1—3):(1—5)。
所述第一溶剂为有机溶剂,例如200#溶剂油、异链烷烃、石油醚的一种,也可选择上述有机溶剂的等体积比例或者等质量比例混合均匀的混合溶剂。
所述含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物由无规含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物和嵌段含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物组成,其中:
所述无规含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物根据普通自由基聚合原理通过溶液聚合法进行制备,将含氟丙烯酸酯单体、丙烯酸酯单体、自由基引发剂和第二溶剂混合均匀后,在室温下真空处理以排除氧,加热至引发温度之上进行反应后,自然冷却至室温20—25摄氏度即可,例如加热至90~110℃,反应10~12小时。
所述含氟丙烯酸酯单体为丙烯酸六氟丁酯、丙烯酸十三氟辛酯、丙烯酸十二氟庚酯、甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯或全氟辛基乙基丙烯酸酯,优选等质量的两种不同的含氟丙烯酸酯单体。
所述丙烯酸酯单体为丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸月桂酯、丙烯酸十八酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯或者甲基丙烯酸十八酯,优选等质量的两种不同的丙烯酸酯单体。
所述自由基引发剂为热引发自由基聚合的引发剂,如过氧化苯甲酰或过氧化二异丙苯,优选其中一种自由基引发剂。
所述第二溶剂为有机溶剂,例如甲苯、石油醚、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丁酯,或者上述有机溶解的等体积比或者等质量比混合的有机溶剂或者其任意比例的混合溶剂。
在上述溶液聚合法制备方法中,各个组份的重量份如下(即质量用量,份数):
各个组份的重量份优选如下:
所述嵌段含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物根据可逆加成—断裂链转移活性聚合(RAFT)原理,通过溶液聚合法进行制备嵌段含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物,即在嵌段含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物中,利用RAFT试剂提供的活性聚合中心,在嵌段含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物的两端形成含氟丙烯酸酯嵌段,在嵌段含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物的中间形成丙烯酸酯嵌段,将含氟丙烯酸酯单体、自由基引发剂、RAFT试剂和第三溶剂混合均匀后,在室温下真空处理以排除氧,加热至引发温度之上进行反应,例如加热至90~110℃,反应10~12小时,以使在RAFT试剂提供的活性聚合中心的两侧形成含氟丙烯酸酯嵌段,然后将除氧后的丙烯酸酯单体加入到反应体系中继续反应,以使在嵌段含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物的中间形成丙烯酸酯嵌段,例如加热至90~110℃,反应10~12小时,待反应结束后自然冷却至室温20—25摄氏度即可。
所述含氟丙烯酸酯单体为丙烯酸六氟丁酯、丙烯酸十三氟辛酯、丙烯酸十二氟庚酯、甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯或全氟辛基乙基丙烯酸酯,优选等质量的两种不同的含氟丙烯酸酯单体。
所述丙烯酸酯单体为丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸月桂酯、丙烯酸十八酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯或者甲基丙烯酸十八酯,优选等质量的两种不同的丙烯酸酯单体。
所述自由基引发剂为热引发自由基聚合的引发剂,如过氧化苯甲酰或过氧化二异丙苯,优选其中一种自由基引发剂。
所述第三溶剂为有机溶剂,例如甲苯、石油醚、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丁酯,或者上述有机溶解的等体积比或者等质量比混合的有机溶剂或者其任意比例的混合溶剂。
所述RAFT试剂为能够提供RAFT活性中心的试剂,优选二苄基三硫代碳酸酯(DBTTC)。
在上述RAFT活性聚合反应体系中,各个组份的重量份如下(即质量用量,份数):
各个组份的重量份优选如下:
在整个憎水憎油型海港工程混凝土防护剂中,各个组份的重量份如下(即质量用量,份数):
上述各个组份的优选重量份如下:
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
首先,本体系采用不同氟代丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸酯共聚,运用不同聚合方法,包括普通自由基共聚和可逆加成-断裂链转移活性聚合法(RAFT),制备了不同结构的氟代丙烯酸酯共聚物。通过活性聚合方法实现控制共聚物分子量,以实现其在混凝土中渗透能力的调节,所得两种共聚物作用在混凝土内部及表面,可有效的形成含氟碳链疏水疏油层,从而赋予混凝土表面优异的憎水憎油荷叶效果,达到海港工程表观易清洁目的。
其次,通过两种大分子氟代丙烯酸酯共聚物和小分子有机硅烷、氟硅烷和硅氧烷复配,得到了在混凝土表层具有不同渗透能力的保护剂体系。两种大分子氟代丙烯酸酯共聚物可在混凝土表层附着,形成表层憎水憎油屏障;低分子量有机硅烷、氟硅烷和硅氧烷可有效渗透进入混凝土内部,形成一层致密的防护层,从而对混凝土实现二次防护。双层防护体系可更加有效的对混凝土进行防护。
第三,本体系作用于混凝土工程,可有效的减少混凝土吸水率、提高阻隔氯离子和耐老化等性能,经测试,本发明的涂料样品平均性能可达如下要求:混凝土浸渍保护剂渗透深度≥6mm,氯化物吸收量降低率≥90%,吸水率降低率≥90%;混凝土抗冻性提高50%;高低温(60℃-30℃)和饱和Ca(OH)2处理48小时后吸水率降低率≥85%;紫外、盐雾处理100小时后吸水率降低率≥80%;水常温接触角≥125°,食用油常温接触角≥102°。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例进一步说明本发明的技术方案。使用的药品为市购药品,来自sigma公司。
实施例1:
1、在三口烧瓶中加入丙烯酸六氟丁酯(0.8g)、丙烯酸十三氟辛酯(0.9g)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(0.2g)、甲基丙烯酸十八酯(1.5g)、过氧化苯甲酰(30mg)、甲苯(7g),搅拌使其充分溶解,室温下抽真空充氮气重复三次,油浴升温至90~100℃,反应12小时。冷却至室温后倒入试剂瓶中密闭保存。
2、在三口烧瓶中加入丙烯酸六氟丁酯(0.8g)、丙烯酸十三氟辛酯(0.9g),过氧化苯甲酰(10mg)、DBTTC(0.1g)、甲苯(4g),搅拌使其充分溶解,室温抽真空充氮气重复三次,升温至90~100℃,反应12小时;在烧杯中加入甲基丙烯酸甲酯(0.2g)、甲基丙烯酸十八酯(1.5g)、甲苯(3g),搅拌溶解均匀,鼓氮气20分钟,用10mL注射器转移至三口烧瓶中,90~100℃继续反应12小时。冷却至室温后倒入试剂瓶中密闭保存。
3、在500mL烧杯中,加入200#溶剂油(40g)、1中含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物溶液(2g)、2中含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物(2g)、十二氟庚基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(3g)、十二氟烷基三甲氧基硅烷(5g)、异辛基三乙氧基硅烷(15g)、硅酸甲酯(20g),搅拌溶解均匀。用异链烷烃稀释5倍后刷涂于混凝土块表面进行性能测试。混凝土浸渍保护剂渗透深度6mm,氯化物吸收量降低率91%,吸水率降低率92%;混凝土抗冻性提高50%;高低温(60℃-30℃)和饱和Ca(OH)2处理48小时后吸水率降低率91%;紫外、盐雾处理100小时后吸水率降低率83%,水常温接触角125°,食用油常温接触角102°。
实施例2:
1、在三口烧瓶中加入丙烯酸六氟丁酯(0.8g)、丙烯酸十三氟辛酯(0.9g)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(0.2g)、甲基丙烯酸十八酯(1.5g)、过氧化苯甲酰(30mg)、甲苯(7g),搅拌使其充分溶解,室温下抽真空充氮气重复三次,油浴升温至90~100℃,反应12小时。冷却至室温后倒入试剂瓶中密闭保存。
2、在三口烧瓶中加入丙烯酸六氟丁酯(0.8g)、丙烯酸十三氟辛酯(0.9g),过氧化苯甲酰(10mg)、DBTTC(0.1g)、甲苯(4g),搅拌使其充分溶解,室温抽真空充氮气重复三次,升温至90~100℃,反应12小时;在烧杯中加入甲基丙烯酸甲酯(0.2g)、甲基丙烯酸十八酯(1.5g)、甲苯(3g),搅拌溶解均匀,鼓氮气20分钟,用10mL注射器转移至三口烧瓶中,90~100℃继续反应12小时。冷却至室温后倒入试剂瓶中密闭保存。
3、在500mL烧杯中,加入200#溶剂油(40g)、1中含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物溶液(2g)、2中含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物(2g)、十二氟庚基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(3g)、十二氟烷基三甲氧基硅烷(5g)、丁基三乙氧基硅烷(15g)、硅酸甲酯(20g),搅拌溶解均匀。用异链烷烃稀释5倍后刷涂于混凝土块表面进行性能测试。混凝土浸渍保护剂渗透深度7mm,氯化物吸收量降低率90%,吸水率降低率90%;混凝土抗冻性提高50%;高低温(60℃-30℃)和饱和Ca(OH)2处理48小时后吸水率降低率88%;紫外、盐雾处理100小时后吸水率降低率83%,水常温接触角126°,食用油常温接触角105°。
实施例3:
1、在三口烧瓶中加入丙烯酸六氟丁酯(0.8g)、丙烯酸十三氟辛酯(0.9g)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(0.2g)、甲基丙烯酸十八酯(1.5g)、过氧化苯甲酰(30mg)、甲苯(7g),搅拌使其充分溶解,室温下抽真空充氮气重复三次,油浴升温至90~100℃,反应12小时。冷却至室温后倒入试剂瓶中密闭保存。
2、在三口烧瓶中加入丙烯酸六氟丁酯(0.8g)、丙烯酸十三氟辛酯(0.9g),过氧化苯甲酰(10mg)、DBTTC(0.1g)、甲苯(4g),搅拌使其充分溶解,室温抽真空充氮气重复三次,升温至90~100℃,反应12小时;在烧杯中加入甲基丙烯酸甲酯(0.2g)、甲基丙烯酸十八酯(1.5g)、甲苯(3g),搅拌溶解均匀,鼓氮气20分钟,用10mL注射器转移至三口烧瓶中,90~100℃继续反应12小时。冷却至室温后倒入试剂瓶中密闭保存。
3、在500mL烧杯中,加入200#溶剂油(40g)、1中含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物溶液(2g)、2中含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物(2g)、十二氟庚基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(3g)、十二氟烷基三甲氧基硅烷(5g)、异辛基三乙氧基硅烷(10g)、丁基三乙氧基硅烷(5g)、硅酸甲酯(20g),搅拌溶解均匀。用异链烷烃稀释5倍后刷涂于混凝土块表面进行性能测试。混凝土浸渍保护剂渗透深度7mm,氯化物吸收量降低率93%,吸水率降低率94%;混凝土抗冻性提高50%;高低温(60℃-30℃)和饱和Ca(OH)2处理48小时后吸水率降低率88%;紫外、盐雾处理100小时后吸水率降低率85%,水常温接触角124°,食用油常温接触角103°。
实施例4:
1、在三口烧瓶中加入丙烯酸六氟丁酯(0.8g)、丙烯酸十三氟辛酯(0.9g)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(0.2g)、甲基丙烯酸十八酯(1.5g)、过氧化苯甲酰(30mg)、甲苯(7g),搅拌使其充分溶解,室温下抽真空充氮气重复三次,油浴升温至90~100℃,反应12小时。冷却至室温后倒入试剂瓶中密闭保存。
2、在三口烧瓶中加入丙烯酸六氟丁酯(0.8g)、丙烯酸十三氟辛酯(0.9g),过氧化苯甲酰(10mg)、DBTTC(0.1g)、甲苯(4g),搅拌使其充分溶解,室温抽真空充氮气重复三次,升温至90~100℃,反应12小时;在烧杯中加入甲基丙烯酸甲酯(0.2g)、甲基丙烯酸十八酯(1.5g)、甲苯(3g),搅拌溶解均匀,鼓氮气20分钟,用10mL注射器转移至三口烧瓶中,90~100℃继续反应12小时。冷却至室温后倒入试剂瓶中密闭保存。
3、在500mL烧杯中,加入200#溶剂油(40g)、1中含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物溶液(2g)、2中含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物(2g)、十二氟庚基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(3g)、十二氟烷基三甲氧基硅烷(5g)、异辛基三乙氧基硅烷(10g)、丁基三乙氧基硅烷(5g)、硅酸甲酯(12g)、硅酸丙酯(8g)搅拌溶解均匀。用异链烷烃稀释5倍后刷涂于混凝土块表面进行性能测试。混凝土浸渍保护剂渗透深度6mm,氯化物吸收量降低率91%,吸水率降低率91%;混凝土抗冻性提高50%;高低温(60℃-30℃)和饱和Ca(OH)2处理48小时后吸水率降低率88%;紫外、盐雾处理100小时后吸水率降低率85%,水常温接触角127°,食用油常温接触角107°。
实施例5:
1、在三口烧瓶中加入丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(0.8g)、甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(0.9g)、甲基丙烯酸丁酯(0.2g)、甲基丙烯酸十八酯(1.5g)、过氧化苯甲酰(30mg)、甲苯(7g),搅拌使其充分溶解,室温下抽真空充氮气重复三次,油浴升温至90~100℃,反应12小时。冷却至室温后倒入试剂瓶中密闭保存。
2、在三口烧瓶中加入丙烯酸十二氟庚酯、甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(0.9g),过氧化苯甲酰(10mg)、DBTTC(0.1g)、甲苯(4g),搅拌使其充分溶解,室温抽真空充氮气重复三次,升温至90~100℃,反应12小时;在烧杯中加入甲基丙烯酸丁酯(0.2g)、甲基丙烯酸十八酯(1.5g)、甲苯(3g),搅拌溶解均匀,鼓氮气20分钟,用10mL注射器转移至三口烧瓶中,90~100℃继续反应12小时。冷却至室温后倒入试剂瓶中密闭保存。
3、在500mL烧杯中,加入200#溶剂油(40g)、1中含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物溶液(2g)、2中含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物(2g)、十二氟庚基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(3g)、十二氟烷基三甲氧基硅烷(5g)、异辛基三乙氧基硅烷(10g)、丁基三乙氧基硅烷(5g)、硅酸甲酯(12g),硅酸丙酯(8g)搅拌溶解均匀。用异链烷烃稀释5倍后刷涂于混凝土块表面进行性能测试。混凝土浸渍保护剂渗透深度6mm,氯化物吸收量降低率91%,吸水率降低率92%;混凝土抗冻性提高50%;高低温(60℃-30℃)和饱和Ca(OH)2处理48小时后吸水率降低率87%;紫外、盐雾处理100小时后吸水率降低率88%,水常温接触角137°,食用油常温接触角125°。
实施例6:
1、在三口烧瓶中加入丙烯酸六氟丁酯(0.7g)、全氟辛基乙基丙烯酸酯(1g)、甲基丙烯酸丁酯(0.2g)、甲基丙烯酸十八酯(1.5g)、过氧化苯甲酰(30mg)、甲苯(7g),搅拌使其充分溶解,室温下抽真空充氮气重复三次,油浴升温至90~100℃,反应12小时。冷却至室温后倒入试剂瓶中密闭保存。
2、在三口烧瓶中加入丙烯酸六氟丁酯(0.7g)、全氟辛基乙基丙烯酸酯(1g),过氧化苯甲酰(10mg)、DBTTC(0.1g)、甲苯(4g),搅拌使其充分溶解,室温抽真空充氮气重复三次,升温至90~100℃,反应12小时;在烧杯中加入甲基丙烯酸丁酯(0.2g)、甲基丙烯酸十八酯(1.5g)、甲苯(3g),搅拌溶解均匀,鼓氮气20分钟,用10mL注射器转移至三口烧瓶中,90~100℃继续反应12小时。冷却至室温后倒入试剂瓶中密闭保存。
3、在500mL烧杯中,加入200#溶剂油(40g)、1中含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物溶液(2g)、2中含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物(2g)、十二氟庚基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(3g)、十二氟烷基三甲氧基硅烷(5g)、异辛基三乙氧基硅烷(10g)、丁基三乙氧基硅烷(5g)、硅酸甲酯(12g),硅酸丙酯(8g)搅拌溶解均匀。用异链烷烃稀释5倍后刷涂于混凝土块表面进行性能测试。混凝土浸渍保护剂渗透深度6mm,氯化物吸收量降低率91%,吸水率降低率92%;混凝土抗冻性提高50%;高低温(60℃-30℃)和饱和Ca(OH)2处理48小时后吸水率降低率85%;紫外、盐雾处理100小时后吸水率降低率83%,水常温接触角135°,食用油常温接触角128°。
实施例7:
1、在三口烧瓶中加入丙烯酸六氟丁酯(0.7g)、全氟辛基乙基丙烯酸酯(1g)、甲基丙烯酸丁酯(0.2g)、甲基丙烯酸十八酯(1.5g)、过氧化苯甲酰(30mg)、甲苯(7g),搅拌使其充分溶解,室温下抽真空充氮气重复三次,油浴升温至90~100℃,反应12小时。冷却至室温后倒入试剂瓶中密闭保存。
2、在三口烧瓶中加入丙烯酸六氟丁酯(0.7g)、全氟辛基乙基丙烯酸酯(1g),过氧化苯甲酰(10mg)、DBTTC(0.1g)、甲苯(4g),搅拌使其充分溶解,室温抽真空充氮气重复三次,升温至90~100℃,反应12小时;在烧杯中加入甲基丙烯酸丁酯(0.2g)、甲基丙烯酸十八酯(1.5g)、甲苯(3g),搅拌溶解均匀,鼓氮气20分钟,用10mL注射器转移至三口烧瓶中,90~100℃继续反应12小时。冷却至室温后倒入试剂瓶中密闭保存。
3、在500mL烧杯中,加入200#溶剂油(40g)、1中含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物溶液(2g)、2中含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物(2g)、十三氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷(4g)、十三氟烷基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(4g)、异辛基三乙氧基硅烷(10g)、丁基三乙氧基硅烷(5g)、硅酸甲酯(12g),硅酸丙酯(8g)搅拌溶解均匀。用异链烷烃稀释5倍后刷涂于混凝土块表面进行性能测试。混凝土浸渍保护剂渗透深度7mm,氯化物吸收量降低率92%,吸水率降低率93%;混凝土抗冻性提高50%;高低温(60℃-30℃)和饱和Ca(OH)2处理48小时后吸水率降低率88%;紫外、盐雾处理100小时后吸水率降低率87%,水常温接触角138°,食用油常温接触角131°。
本发明的涂料样品性能测试(混凝土吸水率、提高阻隔氯离子和耐老化等性能)按照下述方法进行测试:
(1)渗透深度测试方法:取40*40*80水泥试块,用稀释后涂料浸泡24h,取出自然通风条件下干燥3天。锯开水泥试块,对截面喷水处理,观察水印界面,取3个不同位置量取干燥界面深度并求平均值得渗透深度。
(2)吸水率降低率测试方法:取40*40*80水泥试块自然晾干后称重M1,直接浸泡自来水24h,称重得M2,再取另一相同40*40*80水泥试块自然晾干后称重M3,浸泡涂料24h后自然通风条件下干燥3天,称重M4,浸泡自来水24h后称重M5。
(3)吸油率测试方法:将试块(涂料浸泡处理24h,自然晾干三天)称重,得M1,再将试块放入泵油(食用油)中浸泡24h,取出后擦干表面后称重得M2,由M1、M2可算得吸油率:
(4)氯化物吸收量降低率测试方法:将试块(未处理、刷涂处理)在饱和NaCl溶液中浸泡24h,之后钻心取样,于距试块表面2-12mm和12-22mm处各取10g左右试块粉末,记录样品重量m,将样品浸泡于100mL稀硝酸(水:硝酸=85:15)中24h,之后滤掉不溶物,用移液管吸取V提mL的提取液,加入VAgNO3mL浓度为0.1mol/L的硝酸银溶液,在12000r/min下离心15min,吸取20mL上层清液,用浓度为CKSCN mol/L的KSCN溶液平行滴定两次,消耗的KSCN量分别为V1mL和V2mL,通过下式可以算出每克混凝土试样中含有的Cl-的质量。
之后对未浸泡NaCl溶液的试块进行Cl-含量测定,仍通过上式计算出试块本身的Cl-含量w0,然后通过下式算出氯离子渗透降低率η。
(5)耐盐雾老化测试方法:将经涂料处理后的40*40*80试块分别置于盐雾老化箱中100h,之后再次测定吸水率降低率,并比较盐雾老化前后吸水率降低率的变化。注:所用的盐雾老化箱的测试条件如下:采用标准:ASTM B117-03;试验条件:5%盐水、试验温度:35℃、PH 6.5-7.2。
(6)耐紫外老化性能测试方法:将经涂料处理后的40*40*80试块分别置于紫外/凝露加速老化筛选仪(Q-UV)中100h,之后再次测定吸水率降低率并比较紫外老化前后吸水率降低率的变化。注:紫外/凝露加速老化筛选仪(Q-UV)采用标准:ASTM G154-06,紫外荧光灯管型号:UVB 313,波长:310nm,辐照强度:0.71W/m2/nm;测试过程:紫外光照60℃4小时,黑暗凝露状态50℃4小时,如此往复循环。
(7)耐碱性能测试方法:将经涂料处理后的试块于饱和Ca(OH)2溶液中浸泡48h,之后再次测定吸水率降低率,比较碱浸泡前后吸水率降低率变化。
(8)高低温性能测试:将经涂料处理后的试块于60℃烘箱中或-30℃冰箱中处理48h,之后再次测定吸水率降低率,比处理前后后吸水率降低率变化。
(9)抗冻性能测试方法:将涂料处理后混凝土试块与未处理空白试块吸水24h,然后放入-20℃冰柜中冻结4h,试块冻结完毕后置于20℃水中融化4h,循环20次上述操作。测定冻融前后试块重量变化△M,,抗冻性提高率=(△M空白-△M处理后)/△M空白×100%
(10)接触角测试:使用静滴接触角/界面张力测定仪(型号JC2000C1)进行测试。
上述实施例仅仅例证本发明技术方案的有益效果。在发明内容公开的范围内,调整各个组份的含量和/或组合(例如整个憎水憎油型海港工程混凝土防护剂中各个组份的含量和/或组合,无规含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物、嵌段含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物中含氟丙烯酸酯单体、丙烯酸酯单体的含量和/或组合)均能够获得本发明的有益效果,达到样品的平均性能水平。
以上对本发明做了示例性的描述,应该说明的是,在不脱离本发明的核心的情况下,任何简单的变形、修改或者其他本领域技术人员能够不花费创造性劳动的等同替换均落入本发明的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.憎水憎油型防护剂在海港工程混凝土防护中的应用,其特征在于,憎水憎油型防护剂由含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物、氟硅烷、有机硅烷、硅氧烷和第一溶剂组成,使用搅拌或者超声方法以使各个组份混合均匀,各个组份的重量份如下:
其中:所述硅氧烷为硅酸甲酯、或者硅酸丙酯,或者硅酸甲酯和硅酸丙酯的混合物,在硅酸甲酯和硅酸丙酯的混合物中,硅酸甲酯和硅酸丙酯的质量比为(2—3):(1—2);所述有机硅烷为异辛基三乙氧基硅烷,或者丁基三乙氧基硅烷,或者异辛基三乙氧基硅烷和丁基三乙氧基硅烷的混合物,在异辛基三乙氧基硅烷和丁基三乙氧基硅烷的混合物中,异辛基三乙氧基硅烷和丁基三乙氧基硅烷的质量比为(1—2):1;所述氟硅烷为十二氟庚基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和十二氟烷基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物,或者十三氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷和十三氟烷基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物;在十二氟庚基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和十二氟烷基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物中,十二氟庚基丙基三甲氧基硅烷和十二氟烷基三甲氧基硅烷的质量比为(1—3):(1—5);在十三氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷和十三氟烷基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物中,十三氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷和十三氟烷基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的质量比为(1—3):(1—5);所述第一溶剂为有机溶剂,有机溶剂采用200#溶剂油、异链烷烃、石油醚中的一种或者上述有机溶剂等体积比例或等质量比例混合均匀的混合溶剂;
所述含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物由无规含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物和嵌段含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物组成,其中:
所述无规含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物根据普通自由基聚合原理通过溶液聚合法进行制备,将含氟丙烯酸酯单体、丙烯酸酯单体、自由基引发剂和第二溶剂混合均匀后,在室温下真空处理以排除氧,加热至引发温度之上进行反应后,自然冷却至20—25摄氏度即可;所述含氟丙烯酸酯单体为丙烯酸六氟丁酯、丙烯酸十三氟辛酯、丙烯酸十二氟庚酯、甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯或全氟辛基乙基丙烯酸酯;所述丙烯酸酯单体为丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸月桂酯、丙烯酸十八酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯或者甲基丙烯酸十八酯;所述自由基引发剂为过氧化苯甲酰或过氧化二异丙苯;所述第二溶剂为甲苯、石油醚、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丁酯中的一种或者上述有机溶剂的任意比例的混合溶剂;在上述溶液聚合法制备方法中,各个组份的重量份如下:含氟丙烯酸酯单体12~20重量份、丙烯酸酯单体10~25重量份、自由基引发剂0.2~0.5重量份、第二溶剂65~75重量份;所述嵌段含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物根据可逆加成—断裂链转移活性聚合原理,通过溶液聚合法进行制备嵌段含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物,将含氟丙烯酸酯单体、自由基引发剂、RAFT试剂和第三溶剂混合均匀后,在室温下真空处理以排除氧,加热至引发温度之上进行反应,以使在RAFT试剂提供的活性聚合中心的两侧形成含氟丙烯酸酯嵌段,然后将除氧后的丙烯酸酯单体加入到反应体系中继续反应,以使在嵌段含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物的中间形成丙烯酸酯嵌段,待反应结束后自然冷却至室温20—25摄氏度即可;所述含氟丙烯酸酯单体为丙烯酸六氟丁酯、丙烯酸十三氟辛酯、丙烯酸十二氟庚酯、甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯或全氟辛基乙基丙烯酸酯;所述丙烯酸酯单体为丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸月桂酯、丙烯酸十八酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯或者甲基丙烯酸十八酯;所述自由基引发剂为过氧化苯甲酰或过氧化二异丙苯;所述第三溶剂为甲苯、石油醚、乙酸丁酯、乙酸异丁酯,或者上述有机溶剂的任意比例的混合溶剂;在上述RAFT活性聚合反应体系中,各个组份的重量份如下:含氟丙烯酸酯单体12~20重量份、丙烯酸酯单体10~25重量份、自由基引发剂0.05~0.25重量份、RAFT试剂0.5~1.5重量份、第三溶剂65~75重量份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的憎水憎油型防护剂在海港工程混凝土防护中的应用,其特征在于,无规含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物和嵌段含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物在混凝土表层附着,形成表层憎水憎油屏障;低分子量有机硅烷、氟硅烷和硅氧烷有效渗透进入混凝土内部,形成一层致密的防护层,从而对混凝土实现二次防护。
3.根据权利要求1所述的憎水憎油型防护剂在海港工程混凝土防护中的应用,其特征在于,憎水憎油型防护剂渗透深度≥6mm,氯化物吸收量降低率≥90%,吸水率降低率≥90%;混凝土抗冻性提高50%;高低温60℃或-30℃和饱和Ca(OH)2处理48小时后吸水率降低率≥85%;紫外或盐雾处理100小时后吸水率降低率≥80%;水常温接触角≥125°,食用油常温接触角≥102°。
4.根据权利要求1所述的憎水憎油型防护剂在海港工程混凝土防护中的应用,其特征在于,各个组份的重量份如下:无规含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物1.5~2.5重量份、嵌段含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物1.8~2.2重量份、氟硅烷5~8重量份、有机硅烷22~28重量份、硅氧烷20~25重量份、第一溶剂30~45重量份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的憎水憎油型防护剂在海港工程混凝土防护中的应用,其特征在于,所述RAFT试剂采用二苄基三硫代碳酸酯。
6.根据权利要求1所述的憎水憎油型防护剂在海港工程混凝土防护中的应用,其特征在于,所述无规含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物根据普通自由基聚合原理通过溶液聚合法进行制备,加热至90~110℃,反应10~12小时,各个组份的重量份如下:含氟丙烯酸酯单体15~20重量份、丙烯酸酯单体12~18重量份、自由基引发剂0.2~0.5重量份、第二溶剂65~75重量份。
7.根据权利要求1所述的憎水憎油型防护剂在海港工程混凝土防护中的应用,其特征在于,所述嵌段含氟丙烯酸酯共聚物根据可逆加成—断裂链转移活性聚合原理,通过溶液聚合法进行制备,各个组份的重量份如下:含氟丙烯酸酯单体15~20重量份、丙烯酸酯单体12~18重量份、自由基引发剂0.15~0.2重量份、RAFT试剂1~1.2重量份、第三溶剂65~75重量份。
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