CN106237825A - 扰流捕捉器及一种湿法烟气脱硫除尘吸收塔 - Google Patents
扰流捕捉器及一种湿法烟气脱硫除尘吸收塔 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106237825A CN106237825A CN201610739407.5A CN201610739407A CN106237825A CN 106237825 A CN106237825 A CN 106237825A CN 201610739407 A CN201610739407 A CN 201610739407A CN 106237825 A CN106237825 A CN 106237825A
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001154 acute Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003009 desulfurizing Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000630 rising Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulphur dioxide Chemical compound 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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound 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[Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound 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[S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/80—Semi-solid phase processes, i.e. by using slurries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
- B01D45/04—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by utilising inertia
- B01D45/08—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by utilising inertia by impingement against baffle separators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
- B01D53/501—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
- B01D53/504—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound characterised by a specific device
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/10—Oxidants
- B01D2251/11—Air
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/40—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
- B01D2251/404—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of calcium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
Abstract
本发明公开了扰流捕捉器及一种湿法烟气脱硫除尘吸收塔，扰流捕捉器包括一上下表面中空的壳体，在壳体内设有多层扰流层，每层扰流层设有多个间隔的扰流件，相邻层的扰流件错位设置，以使烟气通过扰流件之间的空间上升，平衡烟气气流，通过错位设置的扰流件，有效延长了烟气在扰流捕捉器的移动路径，有助于烟气气流的均匀，有效增加了气液传质效果，提高了脱硫塔的脱硫效率；通过扰流捕捉器的设置，有效避免了常规脱硫塔存在的烟气逃逸和局部高流速烟气携带增加烟气尘含量的问题；减轻了脱硫塔内结垢、堵塞现象。
Description
技术领域
[0001 ]本发明涉及脱硫设备，具体地说是扰流捕捉器及一种湿法烟气脱硫除尘吸收塔。
背景技术
[0002]烟气脱硫是燃煤电厂降低硫氧化物排放的比较经济且最为有效的方法，其中以石灰石/石膏湿法工艺为主流，其具有技术成熟，运行经验丰富，吸收剂来源丰富、价格低廉，脱硫效率尚等优点。
[0003] 湿法脱硫是采用浆液洗涤烟气，脱硫剂和脱硫产物均为湿态，反应在气液接触中进行，脱硫效率达到90%以上，钙利用率高，是目前国内外大型锅炉首选的脱硫工艺。
[0004]但目前湿法脱硫面临的主要问题是空塔脱硫烟气分布不均匀，气液传质差，导致脱硫效率不能提高，不能满足国家“超低排放”的环保要求，特别是很多喷淋空塔除尘效率低于30%，更有甚者出现负效率。
[0005]另外目前脱硫塔内设置孔板、旋汇耦合器等进行扰流，这些结构通常阻力大，易结垢，运彳丁电耗尚，稳定性差。
发明内容
[0006]针对上述问题，为了解决现有技术的不足，特提供一种可用于脱硫系统或者除尘系统的，能有效提高气液传质效果的扰流捕捉器。
[0007]本发明还提供一种能均布气流的，通过扰流捕捉器的设置，有效减轻结垢、堵塞的湿法烟气脱硫除尘吸收塔，此外，该吸收塔还可有效避免空塔存在的因烟气逃逸和局部高烟气流速的浆液携带引起的烟气尘含量增加的问题。
[0008]本发明提供的第一个方案是:
[0009]扰流捕捉器，包括一上下表面中空的壳体，在壳体内设有多层扰流层，每层扰流层设有多个间隔的扰流件，相邻层的扰流件错位设置。因为该扰流捕捉器通常用于脱硫系统或者除尘系统，为了不干扰烟气以及喷淋浆液，将扰流捕捉器上下面设为中空以通过烟气；烟气通过错位设置的多层扰流件之间的空间逐渐上升，可以平衡烟气气流。
[0010]其中，为了简化结构且避免对烟气阻力过大，所述扰流件为工字形状或者槽型形状。
[0011]其中，所述扰流件为槽型形状时，扰流件可正向设置或者反向设置。
[0012]本发明提供的第二个方案是:
[0013] —种湿法烟气脱硫除尘吸收塔，包括:
[0014]塔体，在塔体内设有至少一层喷淋层，塔体内喷淋层的下方设有烟气入口，在所述烟气入口的下方在塔体设有空气入口。在喷淋层与烟气入口之间设有至少一扰流捕捉器，扰流捕捉器的壳体设为中空以使得烟气穿过扰流捕捉器，扰流捕捉器用于平衡气流，促进烟气均匀进入喷淋层，该设计促进气、液、固三相充分接触，实现迅速脱硫，扰流捕捉器包括一上下表面中空的壳体，在壳体内设有多层扰流层，每层扰流层设有多个间隔的扰流件，相邻层的扰流件错位设置;通过上述扰流捕捉器的设置，有效提高了塔体内烟气分布的均匀性，通过错位设置的扰流件，有效增加了气液传质效果，提高了脱硫塔的脱硫效率;此外，扰流捕捉器的设置相邻扰流件之间空间形成的槽型孔可有效降低结垢风险，避免堵塞。
[0015]进一步地，在所述塔体内喷淋层的上方设有机械除雾器，在机械除雾器的上方设有所述的扰流捕捉器，该扰流捕捉器的设置，可以有效脱除烟气中携带的浆液和烟尘。
[0016]进一步地，所述扰流件为工字形状或者槽型形状。
[0017]此外，为了位于所述喷淋层下方的扰流捕捉器中扰流件为工字形状或槽型形状时，扰流件的开口朝上设置，以防止喷淋层喷出的喷浆液对扰流件的冲刷，进而延长扰流捕捉器的使用寿命。
[0018]进一步地，位于所述机械除雾器上方的扰流捕捉器中扰流件为工字形状或槽型形状时，扰流件的开口朝下设置，脱除烟气中携带的浆液和烟尘。
[0019]此外，脱硫塔内的烟气是逆向流向扰流捕捉器的，可有效增加烟气与浆液发生强烈的气液湍动交换。
[0020]此外，每层扰流层中相邻扰流件的间距小于等于所述扰流件的长度，这样设置的目的，不仅能保证气流的均布，而且进一步延长了烟气、喷淋的浆液在扰流捕捉器的运动路径，有效延长了气液的传质效果，提高了脱硫效率。
[0021]本发明的有益效果是:
[0022] I)通过错位设置的扰流件，有效延长了烟气在扰流捕捉器的移动路径，有助于烟气气流的均匀，有效增加了气液传质效果，提高了脱硫塔的脱硫效率;减轻了常规脱硫塔内结垢、堵塞现象。
[0023] 2)通过扰流捕捉器的设置，脱除烟气中携带的浆液和烟尘。
[0024] 3)扰流件为工字形状或者槽型形状，可促进烟气、浆液在空隙间形成湍动交换，完成烟气中的二氧化硫的吸收和烟尘的捕捉，最后落入浆液池，达到净化烟气的作用。
附图说明
[0025]图1是本发明的结构示意图；
[0026]图2是第二扰流捕捉器的结构示意图；
[0027]图3是第一扰流捕捉器的结构示意图。
[0028] 1-烟气出口，2-第二扰流捕捉器，3-机械除雾器，4-喷淋层，5-烟气入口，6_氧化空气，7-搅拌器，8-浆液池，9-第一扰流捕捉器。
具体实施方式
[0029]下面结合说明书附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的描述:
[0030] 实施例1
[0031]如图2、图3所示，扰流捕捉器，包括一上下表面中空的壳体，在壳体内设有多层扰流层，每层扰流层设有多个间隔的扰流件，相邻层的扰流件错位设置。因为该扰流捕捉器通常用于脱硫系统或者除尘系统，为了不干扰烟气以及喷淋浆液，将扰流捕捉器的上下表面设为中空;通过多层设置的扰流层，烟气通过错位设置的扰流件之间的空间逐渐上升，有助于烟气气流的平衡;该扰流捕捉器可用于烟气脱硫或者其他系统的除尘应用。
[0032]其中，为了简化结构，所述扰流件为工字形状或者槽型形状。
[0033]其中，所述扰流件为槽型形状时，扰流件可正向设置或者反向设置。
[0034] 实施例2
[0035]如图1所示，原烟气由烟气入口 5进入吸收塔，在所述烟气入口 5的下方在塔体设有氧化空气6入口，烟气气流经过喷淋层下槽型第一扰流捕捉器9除去部分烟尘和二氧化硫后，分布均匀的烟气经过喷淋层4，喷淋层4设有多层，在此区域气、液、固三项充分接触，迅速完成二次传质脱硫除尘过程，达到气体净化的目的，反应后的混合液体落入浆液池8，此时净化后的气体携带水汽进入机械除雾器3除雾，最后经过上层槽型第二扰流捕捉器2进行除尘并经过烟气出口 I排出吸收塔。
[0036]在所述塔体内喷淋层的上方设有机械除雾器，在机械除雾器的上方设有第二扰流捕捉器2，第二扰流捕捉器2的设置，可以有效避免常规脱硫塔存在的烟气逃逸和局部高流速烟气携带增加烟气尘含量的问题。
[0037]通过第一与第二扰流捕捉器的设置，扰流捕捉器的适应性强，还可有效减轻喷淋层的结垢现象，避免喷淋层的堵塞，提高了脱硫塔的除尘能力，降低了液气比，节省了能耗。
[0038]第一与第二扰流捕捉器均包括一上下表面中空的壳体，在壳体内设有多层扰流层，每层扰流层设有多个间隔的扰流件，相邻层的扰流件错位设置，所述扰流件还可以为工字形状或者锯齿形状，此外，每层扰流层中相邻扰流件的间距小于等于所述扰流件的长度，这样设置的目的，不仅能保证气流的均布，而且进一步延长了烟气在第二扰流捕捉器的运动路径，有效延长了气液的传质效果，提高了脱硫效率。
[0039]此外，为了位于所述喷淋层4下方的第一扰流捕捉器9中扰流件为槽型形状时，扰流件的开口朝上设置，这样喷淋层喷淋的浆液可填满槽型扰流件的上表面，以防止喷淋层喷出的喷浆液对扰流件的冲刷，进而延长扰流捕捉器的使用寿命。
[0040]进一步地，位于所述机械除雾器上方的扰流捕捉器中扰流件为槽型形状时，扰流件开口朝下设置，以避免塔体内烟气逃逸并辅助降低高流速烟气中尘的含量。
[0041]此外，为了保证脱硫效果，所述烟气入口与所述塔体的竖直中心线呈锐角设置，这样进入到脱硫塔内的烟气是逆向流向扰流捕捉器的，可有效增加烟气与浆液发生强烈的气液湍动交换。
[0042]这样，烟气通过烟气入口 5进入脱硫塔塔体内，烟气逆向流经第一扰流捕捉器，烟气、浆液发生强烈的气液湍动交换，烟气中的烟尘颗粒被喷淋浆液捕集下来，二氧化硫也随之被脱除，同时第一扰流捕捉器还具有平衡气流的作用，促进烟气均匀的进入喷淋层，进一步脱除烟气中的二氧化硫;烟气继续上移，通过机械除雾器除雾后，再通过第二扰流捕捉器进一步除尘后排出脱硫塔。
[0043]以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不是本发明的全部实施例，不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
[0044]除说明书所述技术特征外，其余技术特征均为本领域技术人员已知技术，为了突出本发明的创新特点，上述技术特征在此不再赘述。
Claims (10)
1.扰流捕捉器，其特征在于，包括一上下表面中空的壳体，在壳体内设有多层扰流层，每层扰流层设有多个间隔的扰流件，相邻层的扰流件错位设置，以使烟气通过扰流件之间的空间上升，平衡烟气气流。
2.如权利要求1所述的扰流捕捉器，其特征在于，所述扰流件为工字形状或者槽型形状。
3.如权利要求2所述的扰流捕捉器，其特征在于，所述扰流件为槽型形状时，扰流件可正向设置或者反向设置。
4.一种湿法烟气脱硫除尘吸收塔，其特征在于，包括: 塔体，在塔体内设有至少一层喷淋层，塔体内喷淋层的下方设有烟气入口，在喷淋层与烟气入口之间设有至少一扰流捕捉器，扰流捕捉器用于平衡气流，促进烟气均匀进入喷淋层，扰流捕捉器包括一上下表面中空的壳体，在壳体内设有多层扰流层，每层扰流层设有多个间隔的扰流件，相邻层的扰流件错位设置。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种湿法烟气脱硫除尘吸收塔，其特征在于，在所述塔体内喷淋层的上方设有机械除雾器，在机械除雾器的上方设有所述的扰流捕捉器。
6.如权利要求4或5所述的一种湿法烟气脱硫除尘吸收塔，其特征在于，所述扰流件为工字形状或者槽型形状。
7.如权利要求6所述的一种湿法烟气脱硫除尘吸收塔，其特征在于，位于所述喷淋层下方的扰流捕捉器中扰流件为工字形状或槽型形状时，扰流件的开口朝上设置，以防止喷淋层喷出的喷浆液对扰流件的冲刷。
8.如权利要求6所述的一种湿法烟气脱硫除尘吸收塔，其特征在于，位于所述机械除雾器上方的扰流捕捉器中扰流件为工字形状或槽型形状时，扰流件的开口朝下设置，以避免塔体内烟气逃逸并辅助降低高流速烟气中尘的含量。
9.如权利要求4所述的一种湿法烟气脱硫除尘吸收塔，其特征在于，所述烟气入口与所述塔体的竖直中心线呈锐角设置。
10.如权利要求4所述的一种湿法烟气脱硫除尘吸收塔，其特征在于，每层扰流层中相邻扰流件的间距小于等于所述扰流件的长度。
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