CN106212143A - A kind of Cultivating techniques in early-fruiting walnut grafting breeding strong sprout - Google Patents

A kind of Cultivating techniques in early-fruiting walnut grafting breeding strong sprout Download PDF

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CN106212143A
CN106212143A CN201610308195.5A CN201610308195A CN106212143A CN 106212143 A CN106212143 A CN 106212143A CN 201610308195 A CN201610308195 A CN 201610308195A CN 106212143 A CN106212143 A CN 106212143A
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root
seedling
early
grafting
nursery
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CN106212143B (en
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赵登超
侯立群
刘丙花
唐贵敏
韩传明
孙超
李萍萍
王钧毅
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Shandong Academy of Forestry
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Shandong Academy of Forestry
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides the Cultivating techniques in a kind of early-fruiting walnut grafting breeding strong sprout, including: choose the outer Seedlings such as early-fruiting walnut grafting, lifting, classification, heel in;Nursery lot is ploughed deeply, applies fertilizer;Before planting, the outer shoot root system such as grade after heeling in prunes, and soaks with clear water and root-inducing powder;Root growth, watering, cutting strunk, trunk are selected and remain, are topdressed, and carry out prevention and elimination of disease and pests process,.The outer Seedling nursery lot such as early-fruiting walnut is managed concentratedly, eliminates original way and stays nursery lot and carry out dispersion culture, and centralized management improves the utilization ratio in soil, increases unit are land revenue.The party's of inferior quality problem of the bright nursery stock for grafting survival, carried out staged care when planting wholely, in conjunction with using every technical measures, it is remarkably improved early-fruiting walnut breeding seedling quality, is beneficial to the high-quality Semen Juglandis nursery stock cultivating growth potential neat and consistent, degree of lignification is high.Step is simple and convenient to operate, practical.

Description

A kind of Cultivating techniques in early-fruiting walnut grafting breeding strong sprout
Technical field
The invention belongs to the outer nursery technology fields such as economic forest, strengthen particularly to a kind of early-fruiting walnut grafting breeding The Cultivating techniques of Seedling.
Background technology
Semen Juglandis is important dry fruit tree variety, and it is of high nutritive value, and has the highest medical treatment and health-care effect, its dry fruit or Supply falls short of demand for processed goods, is liked by people for a long time.Early-fruiting walnut branch internode is shorter, tree body is compact, often has secondary Growth and the phenomenon of second bloom result.It is strong that branch sends out principal stresses, and lateral bud mixed bud (next year opens female flower result) is many, side shoot fruiting rate Height, because of its result early, yielding ability strong, for the cultivar that China is main, such as the core such as ' the fragrant tinkling of pieces of jade ', ' the Liao Dynasty's core 1 ', ' middle forest No. 1 ' Peach cultivars is early-fruiting walnut improved seeds.Improved variety of walnut is the important prerequisite of walnut garden strong sprout, has an investigation display: walnut wood Seedling or weak Seedling planting survival rate that matter degree is low are 30%~65%, and seedlings, strong sprout that degree of lignification is high plant and survive Rate is 80%~95%;Seedling quality is poor, and (nursery stock disease, root system are little, root wound face big and nursery stock degree of lignification is low, from upper Drain under and) easily cause walnut garden death, the dead nursery stock of walnut garden 70% is caused due to seedling quality difference, makes Become the loss that orchard worker is unnecessary, also limit the development of current Walnut Industry.
In prior art, owing to waiting, outer Seedling seedling quality is poor, survival rate is low, it is high to cultivate cost, therefore, typically directly discards Or directly cultivate on original Seedlings nursery ground, objectively cause the waste of land resource.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned deficiency, the problem that emphasis of the present invention exists for the low grade of current Semen Juglandis, Seedling inferior, one is proposed Early the Cultivating techniques in real class Semen Juglandis grafting breeding strong sprout, is improved by series technique measure, improves early-fruiting walnut seedling quality, Higher economic benefit can be produced, provide breeding seedling technical support for Walnut Industry Development.
The present invention, on the basis of the outer Seedling growth potentials such as systematic analysis cutting strunk phase and cutting strunk process and affect nursery stock growing way, carries Go out: in cutting strunk processes, first branch is carried out cutting back, more than grafting mouth, retain 2~3 full buds;Cultivate a period of time After, then choose eugonic branch and cultivate as improved variety of walnut Seedling trunk.Result shows: early-fruiting walnut breeding nursery stock matter Amount significantly improves, and the growth potential neat and consistent of nursery stock, degree of lignification are high, and seedling or weak Seedling planting survival rate reach 80%~95% Left and right.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that
A kind of early-fruiting walnut breeding strong seedling cultivation method, including:
Choose the outer Seedlings such as early-fruiting walnut, lifting, classification, heel in;
Nursery lot is ploughed deeply, applies fertilizer;
Outer shoot root system such as grade after heeling in prunes, and soaks with clear water and root-inducing powder;
Root growth, water;To branch cutting back, more than grafting mouth, retain 2~3 full buds;After cultivating a period of time, Choose eugonic branch again to cultivate as Fructus Persicae Seedling trunk, erase other young sprouts;Topdress, carry out at prevention and elimination of disease and pests Reason,.
Preferably, the concrete operation step of described cutting back is: block at 10~15cm more than grafting port part.
Preferably, described " cultivating a period of time " more than the mouth sprouting young sprout length of transferring to retain to during 20cm~30cm is Accurate.
Preferably, choosing the operation as Fructus Persicae Seedling trunk of the eugonic branch described in choose the young sprout near ground is Preferably.
Plant and also chance on: for the outer Seedlings such as early-fruiting walnut, compared with conventional root system pruning method, at main root Carry out severe pruning, lateral root number (diameter 0.2mm) retains 4~5, between root length 15-20cm time, seedling root Yi Faxin Root, the survival rate of its nursery stock can improve 3.5~5.1%.
Therefore, described root system preferred pruning modes step is: main root carries out severe pruning, lateral root number (diameter 0.2mm) retain 4~5 bars, between root length 15-20cm.
Preferably, described root-inducing powder is α-naphthaleneacetic acid, the one or many in indolebutyric acid, heteroauxing or ABT root-inducing powder The combination planted.
Preferably, described root-inducing powder is 1:1~2.4 × 10 with the mass ratio of clear water5
Preferably, the described lifting time is autumn;
Preferably, described in when heeling in, nursery stock is wholly embedded in soil or in sand.
Preferably, the concrete consumption of described fertilising is every 666.7m2Use the farm manure 1000kg fully become thoroughly decomposed;
Preferably, the ridging height of described Root growth is 10~15cm, and between ridge, ridge, spacing is 50cm.
Preferably, topdress described in process concretely comprise the following steps: topdressing in trophophase 2 times~3 times, the 1st, 2 times in June~7 The moon is carried out, and opens shallow ridges fertilising in Seedling both sides, is using compound fertilizer, every 666.7m the 3rd time at the beginning of 8 months2Applying fertilizer 50~75kg.
Present invention also offers the outer seeding cultivating methods such as one preferably early-fruiting walnut, including:
1) grafting lifting: Seedlings nursery chooses the outer Seedlings such as the early-fruiting walnut of grafting survival, in lifting in autumn, notes during lifting Protection root system.Walnut garden is advocated and is used grafting, and early-fruiting walnut seedling needs for carrying out grafting and could apply and produce.
2) grafting storage: after lifting, selects Semen Juglandis nursery stock inferior such as low grade, and graded kind is marked, according to stock nursery stock Root system quality carries out classification, heels in nursery stock for a long time and passes the winter, note when heeling in the whole strain of nursery stock be wholly embedded in soil or In person's sand, prevent nursery stock moisture loss.
3) wholelyly and base manure: Second Year spring, wait outer Seedling to plant, carry out nursery lot and plough deeply, every 666.7m2Use and fill Divide the farm manure 1000kg become thoroughly decomposed.
4) method for planting: using Root growth, ridging height is 10~15cm, and between ridge, ridge, spacing is 50cm, core of planting Fructus Persicae seedling root carries out part pruning, soaks 5~8 hours with clear water+root-inducing powder.
5) planting the time: behind whole ground, after spring temperature gets warm again after a cold spell, temperature reaches 18 DEG C, specifically refers to field planting Semen Juglandis and sprouts Bud period, the outer Seedling such as plant is with on Gansu Province, and spacing in the rows is 30cm.
6) transplanted seedling tree water: wait outer Seedling to carry out after planting irrigating water, be beneficial to seedling growth.
7) 2~3 full buds are stayed in grafting cutting strunk: walnut grafting Seedling is planted after watering, with grafting mouth, at 10~15cm Cutting back.
8) trunk is selected and remain: generally, after grafting cutting strunk, retains more than grafting mouth and sprouts the most slightly, below grafting mouth Sprout young sprout all to erase, in time transferring mouth above young sprout length 20~30cm, choose a vigorous young sprout of growth potential (with closely Face young sprout is advisable) cultivate as Juglans trunk, remaining young sprout of erasing, promote that it grows.
9) rich water quality management: topdress in time, topdresses in trophophase 2 times~3 times, carries out in June~July, at Seedling two for the 1st, 2 times Shallow ridges fertilising is opened in side, is using compound fertilizer, every 666.7m the 3rd time at the beginning of 8 months2Applying fertilizer 50~75kg.According to soil moisture content and Time water, note draining rainy season simultaneously, prevent nursery lot hydrops.
10) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: use and put prevention first, note Semen Juglandis powdery mildew, brown spot, melasma, chafer, act limb moth Prevention and preventing and treating.
Beneficial effects of the present invention
(1) the outer Seedling such as early-fruiting walnut nursery lot is managed concentratedly, eliminate original way stay nursery lot carry out dispersion training Support, centralized management, improve the utilization ratio in soil, increase unit are land revenue.
(2) using root-inducing powder to process before Juglans plantation, beneficially seedling growth survives the growth with root system.
(3) using cutting strunk to process with root system pruning, prevent early-fruiting walnut branch, nutrition is concentrated, upper part the most irritatingly Branch and under ground portion root growth, be beneficial to cultivate high-quality early-fruiting walnut nursery stock.
(4) program is for the of inferior quality problem of nursery stock of grafting survival, has carried out staged care when planting wholely, in conjunction with using Every technical measures, are remarkably improved early-fruiting walnut breeding seedling quality, are beneficial to cultivate growth potential neat and consistent, degree of lignification High high-quality Semen Juglandis nursery stock.
(5) this method step be simple and convenient to operate, practical.
Detailed description of the invention
By the following examples feature of present invention and other correlated characteristic are described in further detail, in order to of the same trade The understanding of technical staff:
Embodiment 1
Test walnut grafting seedling growth test:
2014~2015, in Taishan District of Taian City, Shandong Province, carry out the test of improved variety of walnut Seedling grafting and breeding, nursery stock product Kind for ' fragrant the tinkling of pieces of jade ', test area 1.0 mu, each grafting 3700 strain (2014,2015 each the most once)
Concrete operations are as follows:
1) grafting lifting: Seedlings nursery chooses the outer Seedlings such as ' the fragrant tinkling of pieces of jade ' Semen Juglandis of grafting survival, in lifting in autumn, notes during lifting Meaning protection root system.
2) grafting storage: after lifting, selects Semen Juglandis nursery stock inferior such as low grade, and graded kind is marked, according to stock nursery stock Root system quality carries out classification, heels in nursery stock for a long time and passes the winter, and notices that nursery stock is wholly embedded in soil or husky when heeling in In, prevent nursery stock moisture loss.
3) wholelyly and base manure: Second Year spring, wait outer Seedling to plant, carry out nursery lot and plough deeply, every 666.7m2Use and fill Divide the farm manure 1000kg become thoroughly decomposed.
4) method for planting: using Root growth, ridging height is 10~15cm, and between ridge, ridge, spacing is 50cm, core of planting Fructus Persicae seedling root carries out part pruning, soaks 5~8 hours with clear water+root-inducing powder.
5) planting the time: behind whole ground, after spring temperature gets warm again after a cold spell, temperature reaches 18 DEG C, specifically refers to field planting Semen Juglandis and sprouts Bud period, the outer Seedling such as plant is with on Gansu Province, and spacing in the rows is 30cm.
6) transplanted seedling tree water: wait outer Seedling to carry out after planting irrigating water, be beneficial to seedling growth.
7) 2~3 full buds are stayed in grafting cutting strunk: walnut grafting Seedling is planted after watering, with grafting mouth, at 5~15cm Cutting back.
8) trunk is selected and remain: generally, after grafting cutting strunk, retains more than grafting mouth and sprouts the most slightly, below grafting mouth Sprout young sprout all to erase, in time transferring mouth above young sprout long about 20cm, choose a vigorous young sprout of growth potential (with closely Face young sprout is advisable) cultivate as Juglans trunk, remaining young sprout of erasing, promote that it grows.
9) rich water quality management: topdress in time, topdresses in trophophase 2 times~3 times, carries out in June~July, at Seedling two for the 1st, 2 times Shallow ridges fertilising is opened in side, is using compound fertilizer, every 666.7m the 3rd time at the beginning of 8 months2Applying fertilizer 50~75kg.According to soil moisture content and Time water, note draining rainy season simultaneously, prevent nursery lot hydrops.
10) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: use and put prevention first, note Semen Juglandis powdery mildew, brown spot, melasma, chafer, act limb moth Prevention and preventing and treating.
Result: 2014, grafting seedling in 2015 be respectively 3207 strains, 3319 strains, grafting becomes the shoot survival percent to be 86.68%, 89.70% measures grafting height, the highest 2.21m, average primary Seedling, two grades of Seedling (one-level Seedlings: grafting height of seedling 1.0m Above;Two grades of Seedling: more than 0.78m, well developed root system) emergence rate 40.2%, 39.1%.
Embodiment 2
The outer seeding cultivating methods such as one preferably early-fruiting walnut, nursery stock kind is ' unit woods ', including:
1) grafting lifting: Seedlings nursery chooses the outer Seedlings such as ' unit woods ' Semen Juglandis of grafting survival, in lifting in autumn, notes during lifting Meaning protection root system.
2) grafting storage: after lifting, selects Semen Juglandis nursery stock inferior such as low grade, and graded kind is marked, according to stock nursery stock Root system quality carries out classification, heels in nursery stock for a long time and passes the winter, and notices that nursery stock is wholly embedded in soil or husky when heeling in In, prevent nursery stock moisture loss.
3) wholelyly and base manure: Second Year spring, wait outer Seedling to plant, carry out nursery lot and plough deeply, every 666.7m2Use and fill Divide the farm manure 1000kg become thoroughly decomposed.
4) method for planting: using Root growth, ridging height is 10~15cm, and between ridge, ridge, spacing is 50cm, core of planting Fructus Persicae seedling root carries out part pruning, soaks 5~8 hours with clear water+root-inducing powder.
5) planting the time: behind whole ground, after spring temperature gets warm again after a cold spell, temperature reaches 18 DEG C, specifically refers to field planting Semen Juglandis and sprouts Bud period, the outer Seedling such as plant is with on Gansu Province, and spacing in the rows is 30cm.
6) transplanted seedling tree water: wait outer Seedling to carry out after planting irrigating water, be beneficial to seedling growth.
7) 2~3 full buds are stayed in grafting cutting strunk: walnut grafting Seedling is planted after watering, with grafting mouth, at 5~15cm Cutting back.
8) trunk is selected and remain: generally, after grafting cutting strunk, retains more than grafting mouth and sprouts the most slightly, below grafting mouth Sprout young sprout all to erase, in time transferring mouth above young sprout long about 20cm, choose a vigorous young sprout of growth potential (with closely Face young sprout is advisable) cultivate as Juglans trunk, remaining young sprout of erasing, promote that it grows.
9) rich water quality management: topdress in time, topdresses in trophophase 2 times~3 times, carries out in June~July, at Seedling two for the 1st, 2 times Shallow ridges fertilising is opened in side, is using compound fertilizer, every 666.7m the 3rd time at the beginning of 8 months2Applying fertilizer 50~75kg.According to soil moisture content and Time water, note draining rainy season simultaneously, prevent nursery lot hydrops.
10) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: use and put prevention first, note Semen Juglandis powdery mildew, brown spot, melasma, chafer, act limb moth Prevention and preventing and treating.
Embodiment 3
The outer seeding cultivating methods such as one preferably early-fruiting walnut, nursery stock kind is ' green perfume (or spice) ', including:
1) grafting lifting: Seedlings nursery chooses the outer Seedlings such as ' green perfume (or spice) ' Semen Juglandis of grafting survival, in lifting in autumn, notes during lifting Meaning protection root system.
2) grafting storage: after lifting, selects Semen Juglandis nursery stock inferior such as low grade, and graded kind is marked, according to stock nursery stock Root system quality carries out classification, heels in nursery stock for a long time and passes the winter, and notices that nursery stock is wholly embedded in soil or husky when heeling in In, prevent nursery stock moisture loss.
3) wholelyly and base manure: Second Year spring, wait outer Seedling to plant, carry out nursery lot and plough deeply, every 666.7m2Use and fill Divide the farm manure 1000kg become thoroughly decomposed.
4) method for planting: using Root growth, ridging height is 10~15cm, and between ridge, ridge, spacing is 50cm, core of planting Fructus Persicae seedling root carries out part pruning, soaks 5~8 hours with clear water+root-inducing powder.
5) planting the time: behind whole ground, after spring temperature gets warm again after a cold spell, temperature reaches 18 DEG C, specifically refers to field planting Semen Juglandis and sprouts Bud period, the outer Seedling such as plant is with on Gansu Province, and spacing in the rows is 30cm.
6) transplanted seedling tree water: wait outer Seedling to carry out after planting irrigating water, be beneficial to seedling growth.
7) 2~3 full buds are stayed in grafting cutting strunk: walnut grafting Seedling is planted after watering, with grafting mouth, at 5~15cm Cutting back.
8) trunk is selected and remain: generally, after grafting cutting strunk, retains more than grafting mouth and sprouts the most slightly, below grafting mouth Sprout young sprout all to erase, in time transferring mouth above young sprout long about 20cm, choose a vigorous young sprout of growth potential (with closely Face young sprout is advisable) cultivate as Juglans trunk, remaining young sprout of erasing, promote that it grows.
9) rich water quality management: topdress in time, topdresses in trophophase 2 times~3 times, carries out in June~July, at Seedling two for the 1st, 2 times Shallow ridges fertilising is opened in side, is using compound fertilizer, every 666.7m the 3rd time at the beginning of 8 months2Applying fertilizer 50~75kg.According to soil moisture content and Time water, note draining rainy season simultaneously, prevent nursery lot hydrops.
10) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: use and put prevention first, note Semen Juglandis powdery mildew, brown spot, melasma, chafer, act limb moth Prevention and preventing and treating.
Conclusion:
Cultivation result shows: use the technical scheme of above-described embodiment 1-3 to enter seedling or the weak Seedling of early-fruiting walnut kind Row is planted, and survival rate is all up to 80%~95%.
Finally should be noted that and the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to this Bright, although being described in detail the present invention with reference to previous embodiment, for a person skilled in the art, it is still Technical scheme described in previous embodiment can be modified, or wherein part is carried out equivalent.All at this Within bright spirit and principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement etc. made, should be included in protection scope of the present invention Within.Although the above-mentioned detailed description of the invention to the present invention is described, but not limiting the scope of the invention, institute Belonging to skilled person and should be understood that on the basis of technical scheme, those skilled in the art need not pay wound The property the made various amendments that can make of work or deformation are still within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. an early-fruiting walnut breeding strong seedling cultivation method, it is characterised in that including:
Choose the outer Seedlings such as early-fruiting walnut, lifting, classification, heel in;
Nursery lot is ploughed deeply, applies fertilizer;
Outer shoot root system such as grade after heeling in prunes, and soaks with clear water and root-inducing powder;
Root growth, water, to branch cutting back, more than grafting mouth, retain 2~3 full buds;After cultivating a period of time, then select Take eugonic branch to cultivate as Fructus Persicae Seedling trunk, erase other young sprouts, topdress, carry out prevention and elimination of disease and pests process, i.e. Can.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the concrete operation step of described cutting back is: in branch 10~ Block at 15cm.
3. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that described " cultivating a period of time ": transfer more than mouth newly with retain It is as the criterion when tip length is to 20cm~30cm.
4. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that described " choosing eugonic branch as Fructus Persicae Seedling trunk ": It is advisable choosing the young sprout near ground.
5. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the step that described root system pruning processes is: main root carries out severe Pruning, side root (diameter 0.2mm) quantity retains 4~5 bars, between root length 15-20cm.
6. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that described root-inducing powder is α-naphthaleneacetic acid, indolebutyric acid, heteroauxing Or the combination of one or more in ABT root-inducing powder.
7. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the mass ratio of described root-inducing powder and clear water be 1:1~2.4 × 105
8. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the described lifting time is autumn;
When heeling in described in or, nursery stock is wholly embedded in soil or in sand.
9. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the concrete consumption of described fertilising is every 666.7m2Use abundant corruption Ripe farm manure 1000kg;
Or the ridging height of described Root growth is 10~15cm, between ridge, ridge, spacing is 50cm.
10. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that described in topdress process concretely comprise the following steps: topdress in trophophase 2 times~3 times, carry out in June~July for the 1st, 2 times, open shallow ridges fertilising in Seedling both sides, using compound fertilizer at the beginning of 8 months, often the 3rd time 666.7m2Applying fertilizer 50~75kg.
CN201610308195.5A 2016-05-10 2016-05-10 Early-bearing walnut and other outer seedlings cultivation method Active CN106212143B (en)

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CN110754281A (en) * 2019-11-22 2020-02-07 塔里木大学 Improved variety strong seedling cultivation method for early bearing walnut grafted seedlings

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110754281A (en) * 2019-11-22 2020-02-07 塔里木大学 Improved variety strong seedling cultivation method for early bearing walnut grafted seedlings

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