CN106211984A - Winter wheat summer corn multiple cropping continuous cropping root layer liquid manure supply and demand time and space usage regulation and control method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of winter wheat summer corn multiple cropping continuous cropping root layer liquid manure supply and demand time and space usage regulation and control method, it is based on winter wheat summer corn multiple cropping continuous cropping system annual high-yield flat to moisture and the demand rule of nutrient and root growth and absorption characteristics, by timing, location, quantitative in the way of feed soil moisture and nutrient, realize for the precisely coupling needed and couple, not only kept two season annual high-yield flat level but also avoid liquid manure excessively to put into and notable water-saving fertilizer-saving.Being applicable to irrigated area, Chinese Yellow Huai-Hai winter wheat summer corn multiple cropping continuous cropping cultivation of annual high-yield flat, economic, society and ecological benefits are notable.

Description

Winter wheat-summer maize system multiple cropping continuous cropping root layer liquid manure supply and demand time and space usage regulation and control method

(1) technical field

The invention belongs to the water-fertilizer conditioning technical field of arable farming, relate to a kind of winter wheat-summer maize system multiple cropping continuous cropping root Layer liquid manure supply and demand time and space usage regulation and control method；Particularly to a kind of according to winter wheat-summer maize system multiple cropping continuous cropping system annual high-yield flat To moisture and the demand rule of nutrient and root growth and absorption characteristics, by timing, location, quantitative in the way of feed soil moisture And nutrient, it is achieved for the precisely coupling needed and coupling, not only kept two season annual high-yield flat level but also avoid liquid manure excessively to put into and The technology of notable water-saving fertilizer-saving.It is applicable to irrigated area, Chinese Yellow Huai-Hai winter wheat-summer maize system multiple cropping continuous cropping cultivation of annual high-yield flat.

(2) technical background

China's water resource of per capita is about 2200m³, have 16 provinces (district, city) water resource of per capita (not include passing by present Water) less than serious water shortage line, there are 6 provinces, district (Ningxia, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Jiangsu) water resource of per capita to be less than 500m³.Predicting the year two thousand thirty China's population when increasing to 1,600,000,000, water resource of per capita will drop to 1750m³.Especially on northern China ground District (such as North China etc.), water resource quantity minimizing trend is obvious in recent years.North water deficit area continues the appearance of dry years, And the Yellow River, Huaihe River, Haihe River and Han River meet with the impact of the unfavorable factors such as dry years simultaneously, it is further exacerbated by northern water money The contradiction of source imbalance of supply and demand.China's agricultural water accounts for the 70% of total water consumption, and shortage of water resources seriously restricts water shortage in north china district Agriculture Production, threat China grain security, Developing Water-saving Agriculture situation is urgent, significant.

Huang-Huai-Hai is China's Semen Tritici aestivi, main maize area.Grain yield accounts for more than the 1/3 of whole nation grain aggregate, wherein Semen Tritici aestivi accounts for more than 60%, and Semen Maydis accounts for more than 35%, to ensureing that national food security has extremely important effect.But at present This region water resource per capita and water resource occupancy volume per mu only have the 20% and 18% of national average value respectively, and water productivity is only There is 1.2kg m^-3The 50% of left and right, about developed country, shortage of water resources and agricultural water are wasted and are deposited；Production excessively uses The phenomenon of chemical fertilizer the most generally exists, and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is less than 30%, and substantially less than developed country's level, fertilizer waste is serious.Institute With, this region is the most urgent to the demand of Semen Tritici aestivi, Semen Maydis water-saving fertilizer-saving technology.

Frequency of irrigation that the many employings of traditional water-saving irrigation are fixing and irrigation quantity, real by reducing frequency of irrigation and irrigation quantity Now water saving (Khokhar etc., 2010；Li etc., 2010；Thind etc., 2010；Ye Delian etc., 2016).But in actual production, Owing to annual rainfall year type is different, the Annual distribution of gross precipitation and precipitation has larger difference, the side that therefore quota is irrigated Method is difficult to moisture supply and mates with the accurate of crop water, appreciable impact crop yield and water-saving result.For realizing accurately Water-saving irrigation, forefathers also propose to measure soil moisture content before pouring water every time, and target setting soil moisture content, according to irrigating water quota Formula (mountain logical sequence etc., 2004) calculate irrigation quantity way (what Jianning etc., 2015；Guo etc., 2015).But this way is poured water every time Before be required to measure soil moisture content, operate more complicated, workload greatly, constrains its popularization and application aborning.

Enter patent of invention " a kind of Semen Maydis water-fertilizer integral fertilising side based on Total Nitrogen balance of examination as to substances Method " (CN201510334684.3), " a kind of water and fertilizer management method of drip irrigation spring wheat saving irrigation model " , and authorized patent of invention " field water fertilizer efficiently utilizes multidimensional critical allocation method " (CN201410686693.4) (ZL201410205209.1), " a kind of winter wheat water-fertilizer integral special fertilizer and application process thereof " (ZL201110226057.X).But about according to winter wheat-summer maize system multiple cropping continuous cropping system annual high-yield flat to moisture and nutrient Demand rule and root growth and absorption characteristics, by timing, location, quantitative in the way of feed soil moisture and nutrient, it is achieved supply With the precisely coupling needed and coupling, not only kept two season annual high-yield flat level but also avoid liquid manure excessively to put into and the technology of water-saving fertilizer-saving There is not been reported.

(3) summary of the invention

For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of new winter wheat-summer maize system high yield water-saving fertilizer-saving method.

A kind of winter wheat-summer maize system multiple cropping continuous cropping root layer liquid manure supply and demand time and space usage regulation and control method, comprises the following steps:

1, while winter wheat sowing, implement base fertilizer layering row replacement, earth's surface will be imposed on by bottom application azophoska bar respectively Following 8cm, 16cm and 24cm depths.Vertical distribution is one group in the fertilising band of above three different depth soil layer, adjacent two Spacing between group is 30-46cm, the winter wheat sowing line-spacing equal to 2 times, i.e. broadcasts between two adjacent groups layer by layer manuring band Plant two row winter wheat.Winter wheat is used the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus element and potassium element the time of infertility and determines according to prior art；Bottom application nitrogen, Phosphorus element and potassium element ratio of distribution in above three different depth soil layer, the fertilizer type according to using determines:

When control release urea uses with common azophoska (such as common urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium chloride) collocation, at 8cm soil Applying common azophoska at layer depth, wherein nitrogen accounts for the 12.5% of winter wheat total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, and phosphorus element accounts for full fertility The 16.7% of phase total phosphorus application amount, potassium element accounts for the 12.5% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility；Control release urea is applied in 16cm soil layer depths With common phosphorus potash fertilizer, wherein nitrogen accounts for the 25% of total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, and phosphorus element accounts for the 33.3% of total phosphorus application amount in the time of infertility, Potassium element accounts for the 25% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility；Control release urea and common phosphorus potash fertilizer, wherein nitrogen is applied in 24cm soil layer depths Accounting for the 37.5% of total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, phosphorus element accounts for the 50% of total phosphorus application amount in the time of infertility, and potassium element accounts for always executes potassium the time of infertility The 37.5% of amount.

When only using common azophoska (such as common urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium chloride), apply in 8cm soil layer depths Nitrogen accounts for the 5% of winter wheat total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, and phosphorus element accounts for the 16.7% of total phosphorus application amount in the time of infertility, and potassium element accounts for full fertility The 10% of phase total amount of potassium applied；The nitrogen applied in 16cm soil layer depths accounts for the 10% of total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, and phosphorus element accounts for complete raw The 33.3% of phase of educating total phosphorus application amount, potassium element accounts for the 20% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility；The nitrogen applied in 24cm soil layer depths accounts for The time of infertility total amount of nitrogen 15%, phosphorus element accounts for the 50% of total phosphorus application amount in the time of infertility, and potassium element accounts for total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility 30%.

2,20-40cm soil layer soil-like under 0-20cm and earth's surface was gathered under sowing wheatland earth's surface winter wheat sowing same day Product, measure mass water content of soil, respectively W θ by traditional oven drying method_m-0-20With W θ_m-20-40, unit is %, and puts down with arithmetic Average calculation method calculates 0-40cm soil layer soil average quality water content under earth's surface, for W θ_am-0-40, unit is %.

Water-holding capacity, respectively WFC is measured with traditional core cutter method_0-20And WFC_20-40,

0-20cm soil layer soil relative water content under earth's surface is calculated with formula (1):

Wθ_r-0-20=W θ_m-0-20×100/WFC_0-20 (1)

W θ in formula (1)_r-0-20For 0-20cm soil layer soil relative water content under earth's surface, unit is %；

0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under earth's surface is calculated with formula (2):

WS_0-40=6.3989W θ_am-0-40-6.1645 (2)

WS in formula (2)_0-40For 0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；W θ_am-0-40For sowing 0-40cm soil layer soil average quality water content on the same day, unit is %.

0-100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under earth's surface is calculated with formula (3):

WS_0-100=12.037W θ_am-0-40+79.934 (3)

WS in formula (3)_0-100For 0-100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；W θ_am-0-40For 0-40cm soil layer soil average quality water content under sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is %.

3,0-20cm soil layer soil relative water content W θ under wheatland earth's surface was sowed the same day according to winter wheat sowing_r-0-20Numerical value Size, it may be judged whether need supplementary irrigation.

As W θ_r-0-20Without supplementary irrigation during more than 60%, as W θ_r-0-20During less than or equal to 60%, then calculate with formula (4) and broadcast Kind of phase needs the supplementary irrigation water yield:

WI_s=0.4901W θ_m-0-20 ²-16.412Wθ_m-0-20+173.29 (4)

WI in described formula (4)_sFor needing the supplementary irrigation water yield sowing time, unit is mm；Wθ_m-0-20For winter wheat sowing same day 0-20cm soil layer mass water content of soil, unit is %.

Sowing time, the supplementary irrigation water yield was no more than 60mm.When this period needs supplementary irrigation, use irrigation water distribution consistency degree relatively The facilities such as high microspray irrigation, sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation carry out precision irrigation.

4, use rainfall data acquisition unit collection or be obtained from winter wheat sowing to period of surviving the winter from local meteorological department Precipitation data, calculates gross precipitation WP during this period_ps。

5, with formula (5) calculate winter wheat sowing to survive the winter period root layer main effect output:

WW_ps=WS_0-40+WI_s+WP_ps (5)

WW in described formula (5)_psFor the root layer main effect output of winter wheat sowing to period of surviving the winter, unit is mm； WS_0-40For 0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；WI_sFor winter wheat sowing phase supplementary irrigation The water yield, unit is mm；WP_psFor the gross precipitation of sowing to period of surviving the winter, unit is mm.

6, in winter wheat Wintering Period, according to WW_psThe size of numerical value, it may be judged whether need supplementary irrigation.

Work as WW_psValue more than or equal to 130mm, though or less than 130mm but the difference of the two less than 5mm time, it is not necessary to supplementary irrigation；When WW_psValue less than 130mm, and the difference of the two more than or equal to 5mm time, then calculate Wintering Period with formula (6) and need the supplementary irrigation water yield:

WI_ps=130-WW_ps (6)

WI in described formula (6)_psNeeding the supplementary irrigation water yield for Wintering Period, unit is mm.

The Wintering Period supplementary irrigation water yield is no more than 60mm.

When this period needs supplementary irrigation, the facilities such as microspray irrigation, sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation that irrigation water distribution consistency degree is higher are used to enter Row precision irrigation.

7, use rainfall data acquisition unit collection or be obtained from winter wheat from local meteorological department and get between the jointing stage in Winter Solstice Precipitation data, and calculate winter wheat sowing to the gross precipitation WP during jointing_y1。

8, winter wheat sowing is calculated to the natural main effect output during jointing with formula (7):

WW_y1=WS_0-40+WP_y1 (7)

WW in described formula (7)_y1For the natural main effect output during winter wheat sowing to jointing；WS_0-40Little for the winter 0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；WP_y1For the total fall during winter wheat sowing to jointing The water yield, unit is mm.

9, in the winter wheat jointing stage, calculating needs the supplementary irrigation water yield, and topdresses with water.

If winter wheat sowing phase and the Wintering Period supplementary irrigation water yield are 0mm, then calculate the jointing stage with formula (8) and need supplementary irrigation The water yield:

WI_y1=-0.6829WW_y1+173.17 (8)

WI in described formula (8)_y1Needing the supplementary irrigation water yield for the jointing stage, unit is mm.

If the winter wheat sowing phase supplementary irrigation water yield or the Wintering Period supplementary irrigation water yield are more than 0mm, the most first calculate the winter with formula (9) Wheat cultivation is to total supplementary irrigation water yield required during jointing:

WI_ty1=-0.534WW_y1+178.09 (9)

WI in described formula (9)_ty1For total supplementary irrigation water yield required during winter wheat sowing to jointing, unit is mm.

Calculate the jointing stage with formula (10) again and need the supplementary irrigation water yield:

WI_y1=WI_ty1-WI_s-WI_ps (10)

WI in described formula (10)_y1、WI_sAnd WI_psThe respectively winter wheat jointing stage needs the supplementary irrigation water yield, supplementary irrigation water in sowing time Amount and the Wintering Period supplementary irrigation water yield, unit is mm.

When winter wheat jointing stage supplementary irrigation water, use water-fertilizer integral system based on facilities such as microspray irrigation, sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigations Apply Winter Wheat Root layer equably with irrigation water after system, the nitrogenous fertilizer that need to be imposed the jointing stage and potash fertilizer dissolving.The fertilizer imposed is Solubility nitrogenous fertilizer such as carbamide etc. and solubility potash fertilizer such as potassium chloride etc..

The fertilizer type used when using base fertilizer according to the winter wheat sowing phase is different, determine nitrogen that the jointing stage need to impose and Potassium element consumption: when base fertilizer is that control release urea uses with common azophoska (such as common urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium chloride) collocation Time, winter wheat jointing stage amount of nitrogen accounts for the 25% of total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, and amount of potassium applied accounts for the 25% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility. When base fertilizer only uses common azophoska (such as common urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium chloride), winter wheat jointing stage amount of nitrogen accounts for entirely The 50% of the total amount of nitrogen of period of duration, amount of potassium applied accounts for the 20% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility.

10, use rainfall data acquisition unit collection or be obtained from winter wheat jointing to duration of flowering from local meteorological department Precipitation data, and calculate winter wheat sowing to the gross precipitation WP of duration of flowering_y2。

11, winter wheat sowing is calculated to the natural main effect output of duration of flowering with formula (11):

WW_y2=0.7WS_0-100+0.3WP_y2 (11)

WW in described formula (11)_y2For the natural main effect output of winter wheat sowing to duration of flowering, unit is mm； WS_0-100For 0-100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；WP_y2For winter wheat sowing extremely The gross precipitation of duration of flowering, unit is mm.

12, the supplementary irrigation water yield is needed in winter wheat calculating in florescence.

First winter wheat sowing is calculated to total supplementary irrigation water yield required during florescence with formula (12):

WI_ty2=-1.2039WW_y2+382.42 (12)

WI in described formula (12)_ty2For total supplementary irrigation water yield required during winter wheat sowing to florescence, unit is mm。

Calculate with formula (13) again and need the supplementary irrigation water yield florescence:

WI_y2=WI_ty2-WI_s-WI_ps-WI_y1 (13)

WI in described formula (13)_y2、WI_s、WI_psAnd WI_y1It is respectively and needs the supplementary irrigation water yield, supplementary irrigation water in sowing time florescence Amount, the Wintering Period supplementary irrigation water yield and the jointing stage supplementary irrigation water yield, unit is mm.

Florescence, the supplementary irrigation water yield was no more than 60mm.

13, when pouring water florescence, the fertilizer type used when using base fertilizer according to the winter wheat sowing phase is different, determines and is No enforcement is topdressed with water.

When base fertilizer is control release urea and common azophoska (such as common urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium chloride) collocation uses, Florescence no longer topdresses.Only use the facilities such as microspray irrigation, sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation that irrigation water distribution consistency degree is higher to carry out essence amount to fill Irrigate.

When base fertilizer only uses common azophoska (such as common urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium chloride), winter wheat is executed florescence Nitrogen quantity accounts for the 20% of total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, and amount of potassium applied accounts for the 20% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility.Use based on microspray irrigation, spray After the water-fertilizer integral system of the facilities such as filling, drip irrigation, the nitrogenous fertilizer that florescence need to be imposed and potash fertilizer dissolving with irrigation water equably Apply Winter Wheat Root layer.The fertilizer imposed is solubility nitrogenous fertilizer such as carbamide etc. and solubility potash fertilizer such as potassium chloride etc..

14, after winter wheat results, at same plot multiple cropping summer corn.While summer corn is sowed, implement base fertilizer layering Row replacement, will impose on 8cm, 16cm and 24cm depths, below earth's surface by bottom application azophoska bar respectively.Vertical distribution is in above three The fertilising band of different depth soil layer is one group, and each component layers fertilising band is all corresponding with a summer corn sowing row, the two 5-10cm interlaced with each other, the spacing between two adjacent groups layer by layer manuring band is generally 40-80cm, equal to adjacent rows summer corn Spacing.Summer corn is used the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus element and potassium element the time of infertility and is determined according to prior art；Bottom application nitrogen, phosphorus element and Potassium element ratio of distribution in above three different depth soil layer, the fertilizer type according to using determines:

When control release urea uses with common azophoska (such as common urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium chloride) collocation, at 8cm soil Applying common azophoska at layer depth, wherein nitrogen accounts for the 20% of summer corn total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, and phosphorus element accounts for the time of infertility The 25% of total phosphorus application amount, potassium element accounts for the 20% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility；Control release urea is applied with common in 16cm soil layer depths Phosphorus potash fertilizer, wherein nitrogen accounts for the 40% of total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, and phosphorus element accounts for the 50% of total phosphorus application amount in the time of infertility, and potassium element accounts for entirely The 40% of the total amount of potassium applied of period of duration；Apply control release urea and common phosphorus potash fertilizer in 24cm soil layer depths, wherein nitrogen accounts for full fertility The 20% of phase total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus element accounts for the 25% of total phosphorus application amount in the time of infertility, and potassium element accounts for the 20% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility.

When only using common azophoska (such as common urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium chloride), apply in 8cm soil layer depths Nitrogen accounts for the 12.5% of summer corn total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, and phosphorus element accounts for the 25% of total phosphorus application amount in the time of infertility, and potassium element accounts for complete raw The 15% of phase of educating total amount of potassium applied；The nitrogen applied in 16cm soil layer depths accounts for the 25% of total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, and phosphorus element accounts for entirely The 50% of the total phosphorus application amount of period of duration, potassium element accounts for the 30% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility；The nitrogen applied in 24cm soil layer depths accounts for The time of infertility total amount of nitrogen 12.5%, phosphorus element accounts for the 25% of total phosphorus application amount in the time of infertility, and potassium element accounts for total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility 15%.

15, in summer corn sowing when 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layer soil under daily earth boring auger collection sowing corn field of summer earth's surface Earth sample, measures mass water content of soil, respectively M θ by traditional oven drying method_m-0-20With M θ_m-20-40, unit is %, and with calculating Art mean value calculation method calculates 0-40cm soil layer soil average quality water content under earth's surface, for M θ_am-0-40, unit is %.

Water-holding capacity, respectively MFC is measured with traditional core cutter method_0-20And MFC_20-40,

0-20cm soil layer soil relative water content under earth's surface is calculated with formula (14):

Mθ_r-0-20=M θ_m-0-20×100/MFC_0-20 (14)

M θ in described formula (14)_r-0-20For 0-20cm soil layer soil relative water content under earth's surface, unit is %.

0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under earth's surface is calculated with formula (15):

MS_0-40=6.3989M θ_am-0-40-6.1645 (15)

MS in described formula (15)_0-40For 0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy, unit under summer corn sowing earth's surface on the same day For mm；Mθ_am-0-40For 0-40cm soil layer soil average quality water content under summer corn sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is %.

0-100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under earth's surface is calculated with formula (16):

MS_0-100=12.037M θ_am-0-40+79.934 (16)

MS in described formula (16)_0-100For 0-100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy, unit under summer corn sowing earth's surface on the same day For mm；Mθ_am-0-40For 0-40cm soil layer soil average quality water content under summer corn sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is %.

16, according to 0-20cm soil layer soil relative water content M θ under summer corn sowing earth's surface, field on the same day_r-0-20Numerical value big Little, it may be judged whether to need supplementary irrigation.

As M θ_r-0-20Without supplementary irrigation during more than 60%, as M θ_r-0-20During less than or equal to 60%, then calculate the summer with formula (17) The corn seeding phase needs the supplementary irrigation water yield:

MI_s=0.4901M θ_m-0-20 ²-16.412Mθ_m-0-20+173.29 (17)

MI in described formula (17)_sNeeding the supplementary irrigation water yield sowing time for summer corn, unit is mm；Mθ_m-0-20Broadcast for summer corn Planting 0-20cm soil layer mass water content of soil under earth's surface on the same day, unit is %.

Summer corn supplementary irrigation in the sowing time water yield is no more than 60mm.

When this period needs supplementary irrigation, the facilities such as microspray irrigation, sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation that irrigation water distribution consistency degree is higher are used to enter Row precision irrigation.

17, use rainfall data acquisition unit collection or be obtained from summer corn sowing to during jointing from local meteorological department Precipitation data, calculates gross precipitation MP during this period_ps。

18, summer corn sowing is calculated to the root layer main effect output during jointing with formula (18):

MW_ps=MS_0-40+MI_s+MP_ps (18)

In described formula (18), MW_psFor the root layer main effect output during summer corn sowing to jointing；MS_0-40For the summer 0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under corn seeding earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；MI_sFor summer corn supplementary irrigation in the sowing time water yield, list Position is mm；MP_psFor the gross precipitation during summer corn sowing to jointing, unit is mm.

19, in the summer corn jointing stage, according to MW_psThe size of numerical value, it may be judged whether need supplementary irrigation.

Work as MW_psValue more than or equal to 130mm, though or less than 130mm but the difference of the two less than 5mm time, it is not necessary to supplementary irrigation；When MW_psValue less than 130mm, and the difference of the two more than or equal to 5mm time, then calculate the summer corn jointing stage with formula (19) and need supplementary irrigation The water yield:

MI_ps=130-MW_ps (19)

MI in described formula (19)_psNeeding the supplementary irrigation water yield for the summer corn jointing stage, unit is mm.

The summer corn jointing stage supplementary irrigation water yield is no more than 60mm.

When this period needs supplementary irrigation, the facilities such as microspray irrigation, sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation that irrigation water distribution consistency degree is higher are used to enter Row precision irrigation.

20, use rainfall data acquisition unit collection or be obtained from the summer corn jointing stage to typhon mouth from local meteorological department Precipitation data during phase, and calculate summer corn sowing to the gross precipitation MP during the typhon mouth phase_y1。

21, summer corn sowing is calculated to the natural main effect output during the typhon mouth phase with formula (20):

MW_y1=MS_0-40+MP_y1 (20)

In described formula (20), MW_y1For the natural main effect output during summer corn sowing to typhon mouth phase； MS_0-40For 0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under summer corn sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；MP_y1Sow to greatly for summer corn Gross precipitation during trumpet period, unit is mm.

22, in the summer corn typhon mouth phase, calculating needs the supplementary irrigation water yield.

If summer corn sowing time and the jointing stage supplementary irrigation water yield are 0mm, then calculate the big loudspeaker of summer corn with formula (21) The mouth phase needs the supplementary irrigation water yield:

MI_y1=-0.6829MW_y1+173.17 (21)

MI in described formula (21)_y1Needing the supplementary irrigation water yield for the summer corn typhon mouth phase, unit is mm.

If summer corn supplementary irrigation in the sowing time water yield or the jointing stage supplementary irrigation water yield are more than 0mm, the most first calculate with formula (22) Summer corn sowing is to total supplementary irrigation water yield required during the typhon mouth phase:

MI_ty1=-0.534MW_y1+178.09 (22)

MI in described formula (22)_ty1For total supplementary irrigation water yield required during summer corn sowing to typhon mouth phase, unit For mm.

Calculate the summer corn typhon mouth phase with formula (23) again and need the supplementary irrigation water yield:

MI_y1=MI_ty1-MI_s-MI_ps (23)

In described formula (23), MI_y1、MI_sAnd MI_psThe respectively typhon mouth phase needs the supplementary irrigation water yield, supplementary irrigation water in sowing time Amount and the jointing stage supplementary irrigation water yield, unit is mm.

23, when the typhon mouth phase pours water, the fertilizer type used when using base fertilizer sowing time according to summer corn is different, really Determine whether to implement to topdress with water.

When base fertilizer is control release urea and common azophoska (such as common urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium chloride) collocation uses, The typhon mouth phase is not required to topdress.The facilities such as microspray irrigation, sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation that irrigation water distribution consistency degree is higher are only used to carry out essence Amount is irrigated.

When base fertilizer only uses common azophoska (such as common urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium chloride), the typhon mouth phase executes nitrogen Amount accounts for the 16.7% of summer corn total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, and amount of potassium applied accounts for the 20% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility.Use based on micro- With filling after the water-fertilizer integral system of the facilities such as sprinkling irrigation, sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation, the nitrogenous fertilizer that the typhon mouth phase need to be imposed and potash fertilizer dissolving Irrigate water and apply summer maize roots layer equably.The fertilizer imposed is solubility nitrogenous fertilizer such as carbamide etc. and solubility potash fertilizer such as potassium chloride Deng.

24, use rainfall data acquisition unit collection or be obtained from the summer corn typhon mouth phase to blooming from local meteorological department Precipitation data during phase, and calculate summer corn sowing to the gross precipitation MP of duration of flowering_y2。

25, summer corn sowing is calculated to the natural main effect output of duration of flowering with formula (24):

MW_y2=0.7MS_0-100+0.3MP_y2 (24)

MW in described formula (24)_y2For the natural main effect output of summer corn sowing to duration of flowering, unit is mm； MS_0-100For 0-100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under summer corn sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；MP_y2Sow extremely for summer corn The gross precipitation of duration of flowering, unit is mm.

26, need the supplementary irrigation water yield in summer corn calculating in florescence, and topdress with water.

First summer corn sowing is calculated to total supplementary irrigation water yield required during florescence with formula (25):

MI_ty2=-1.2039MW_y2+382.42 (25)

MI in described formula (25)_ty2For total supplementary irrigation water yield required during summer corn sowing to florescence, unit is mm。

Calculate summer corn with formula (26) again and need the supplementary irrigation water yield florescence:

MI_y2=MI_ty2-MI_s-MI_ps-MI_y1 (26)

In described formula (26), MI_y2、MI_s、MI_psAnd MI_y1It is respectively summer corn and needs the supplementary irrigation water yield, sowing time florescence The supplementary irrigation water yield, the jointing stage supplementary irrigation water yield and the typhon mouth phase supplementary irrigation water yield, unit is mm.

Summer corn supplementary irrigation in the florescence water yield is no more than 60mm.

When summer corn supplementary irrigation in florescence water, use water-fertilizer integral system based on facilities such as microspray irrigation, sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigations Apply summer maize roots layer equably with irrigation water after system, the nitrogenous fertilizer that need to be imposed florescence and potash fertilizer dissolving.The fertilizer imposed is Solubility nitrogenous fertilizer such as carbamide etc. and solubility potash fertilizer such as potassium chloride etc..

The fertilizer type used when using base fertilizer sowing time according to summer corn is different, determine the nitrogen that need to impose florescence and Potassium element consumption:

When base fertilizer is control release urea and common azophoska (such as common urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium chloride) collocation uses, Summer corn amount of nitrogen in florescence accounts for the 20% of total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, and amount of potassium applied accounts for the 20% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility.

When base fertilizer only uses common azophoska (such as common urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium chloride), summer corn is executed florescence Nitrogen quantity accounts for the 33.3% of total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, and amount of potassium applied accounts for the 20% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility.

Heretofore described soil depth is soil depth under earth's surface.

The method have the advantages that

1, the present invention according to inhale in winter wheat, summer corn time of infertility fertile rule and root system with growing process in soil point Cloth feature, the method being layered row replacement by base fertilizer in proportion, all can be with winter wheat, each life of summer corn on fertilizer space and quantity Main distributed areas and the Nutrient Absorption quantity of educating stage root system match, it is achieved that winter wheat-summer maize system multiple cropping continuous cropping system Root layer nutrient for need to be in space with quantitative couple.

2, the present invention according to winter wheat and summer corn in the npk nutrient absorption intensity in different bearing stage and Controlled-release nitrogen The fertile Characteristics of releasing nutrition with common instant nitrogenousfertilizer, takes into account the reciprocal effects of nitrogen and potassium element simultaneously and determines fertilization time and every time Fertilising fertilizer type and quantity, it is achieved that winter wheat-summer maize system multiple cropping continuous cropping system root layer nutrient for need to be in time sum Coupling in amount.

3, the present invention is according to winter wheat and in summer corn two season, different depth soil layer soil water storage to crop growth and Change that the effectiveness of yield composition is distributed in soil with crop root and the feature that changes, in conjunction with fall naturally in a period of time The quantity of water, the crucial growthdevelopmental stage in winter wheat and summer corn feeds Soil storage water by the way of renewing, simultaneously from space Supply and coupling of needing with achieving winter wheat-summer maize system multiple cropping continuous cropping system root layer moisture on the time.

4, the present invention can not only realize two season annual high-yield flat, and by making full use of Soil storage water and natural precipitation, real Show the anniversary balanced arrangement of water resource, significantly saved irrigation water, substantially reduce fertilizers input, with tradition water and fertilizer management skill Art is compared, and average per hectare in two seasons of one year is economized on water more than 2430 cubic metres, reduces the total input amount of N P and K element more than 246 kilograms, Increasing production more than 848.1 kilograms, economic, society and ecological benefits are notable, have wide popularizing application prospect.

Four, detailed description of the invention:

This specific embodiment is only explanation of the invention, is not limitation of the present invention, those skilled in the art After reading this specification, as required the present embodiment can be made and there is no the amendment of creative contribution, but as long as All protected by Patent Law in scope of the presently claimed invention.

Embodiment 1

Test is carried out on silty loam plot, Xuan Zhuan village, Tran town, Daiyue District, Shandong Province.Experimental plot 0-100cm soil layer soil Cosmid, sand grains and silt content are respectively 20.1%, 19.1%, 60.8%.0-20cm soil layer soil is containing organic 14.23g kg^-1, full nitrogen 0.72g kg^-1, it is respectively 94.33,42.84 and 112.77mg kg containing alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium^-1。

Select winter wheat variety Jimai 22 and Summer Corn Varieties Zheng Dan 958.In same plot, winter wheat is in October, 2014 Sowing on the 6th, gathers in the crops on June 12nd, 2015, and summer corn was sowed on June 14th, 2015, and on October 1st, 2015 gathers in the crops.Fertilizer selects With the resin coated controlled release carbamide of nitrogen content 42%, the common urea of nitrogen content 46%, double superhosphate and potassium chloride.According to the winter The step operation of Semen Tritici aestivi-summer corn multiple cropping continuous cropping root layer liquid manure supply and demand time and space usage control technique is as follows:

1, while winter wheat sowing, implement base fertilizer layering row replacement, earth's surface will be imposed on by bottom application azophoska bar respectively Following 8cm, 16cm and 24cm depths.Vertical distribution is one group in the fertilising band of above three different depth soil layer, adjacent two Spacing between group is 46cm, the winter wheat sowing line-spacing equal to 2 times, i.e. sows two between two adjacent groups layer by layer manuring band Row winter wheat.The embodiment of the present invention 1 applies common urea, double superhosphate and potassium chloride in 8cm soil layer depths, at 16cm soil layer Depths applies control release urea, double superhosphate and potassium chloride, applies control release urea, double superhosphate and chlorine in 24cm soil layer depths Change potassium.The N P and K element amount that the embodiment of the present invention 1 winter wheat sowing phase bar in proportion imposes in each soil layer soil is as shown in table 1.

Table 1 embodiment of the present invention 1 winter wheat sowing phase bar in proportion imposes on the N P and K element amount list in each soil layer soil

2,20-40cm soil layer soil-like under 0-20cm and earth's surface was gathered under sowing wheatland earth's surface winter wheat sowing same day Product, measure mass water content of soil, respectively W θ by traditional oven drying method_m-0-20=18.04% and W θ_m-20-40=18.63%, And calculate 0-40cm soil layer soil average quality water content under earth's surface with arithmetic average value calculating method:

Wθ_am-0-40=(W θ_m-0-20+Wθ_m-20-40)/2=(18.04+18.63)/2=18.34%.

Water-holding capacity, respectively WFC is measured with traditional core cutter method_0-20=28.01% and WFC_20-40=22.15%,

0-20cm soil layer soil relative water content under earth's surface is calculated with formula (1):

Wθ_r-0-20=W θ_m-0-20×100/WFC_0-20=18.04 × 100/28.01=64.41%.

0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under earth's surface is calculated with formula (2):

WS_0-40=6.3989W θ_am-0-40-6.1645=6.3989 × 18.34-6.1645=111.2mm.

0-100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under earth's surface is calculated with formula (3):

WS_0-100=12.037W θ_am-0-40+ 79.934=12.037 × 18.34+79.934=300.7mm.

3,0-20cm soil layer soil relative water content W θ under wheatland earth's surface was sowed the same day according to winter wheat sowing_r-0-20Numerical value Size, it may be judged whether need supplementary irrigation.

W θ due to the present embodiment 1_r-0-20=64.41% ＞ 60%, so without in supplementary irrigation in sowing time.

The present embodiment 1 winter wheat sowing phase supplementary irrigation water yield is 0mm.

4, use from local meteorological department obtain from winter wheat sowing to the precipitation data of period of surviving the winter, calculate this The gross precipitation WP of period_ps=20.3mm.

5, with formula (5) calculate winter wheat sowing to survive the winter period root layer main effect output:

WW_ps=WS_0-40+WI_s+WP_ps=111.2+0+20.3=131.5mm.

6, in winter wheat Wintering Period, according to WW_psThe size of numerical value, it may be judged whether need supplementary irrigation.

WW due to the present embodiment 1_ps=131.5mm, higher than 130mm, so without in Wintering Period supplementary irrigation.

The present embodiment 1 winter wheat Wintering Period supplementary irrigation water yield is 0mm.

7, use and get over the precipitation data between the jointing stage in Winter Solstice from what local meteorological department obtained from winter wheat, calculate the winter Wheat cultivation is to the gross precipitation WP during jointing_y1=93.2mm.

8, winter wheat sowing is calculated to the natural main effect output during jointing with formula (7):

WW_y1=WS_0-40+WP_y1=111.2+93.2=204.4mm.

9, in the winter wheat jointing stage, calculating needs the supplementary irrigation water yield, and topdresses with water.

Owing to the present embodiment 1 winter wheat sowing phase and the Wintering Period supplementary irrigation water yield are 0mm, so calculating with formula (8) Jointing stage needs the supplementary irrigation water yield:

WI_y1=-0.6829WW_y1+ 173.17=-0.6829 × 204.4+173.17=33.6mm.

The present embodiment 1 winter wheat jointing stage supplementary irrigation water yield is 33.6mm.

When winter wheat jointing stage supplementary irrigation water, Shandong Agricultural University is used to cooperate with Shandong Dong He agricultural science and technology company limited The fertilizer accurate quantification intelligence produced stirs the mill miscible system of circulation and system is irrigated in wheat and corn whole year production variable rich water integration System, the common urea first imposed by needs and potassium chloride dissolve, then solution applies equably Winter Wheat Root layer with irrigation water.Should Period is 130kg hm with the common urea consumption that water imposes^-2(containing 60kg hm^-2Purity nitrogen), the potassium chloride dosage imposed with water is 50kg hm^-2(containing 30kg hm^-2K₂O)

10, use the precipitation data from winter wheat jointing to duration of flowering obtained from local meteorological department, calculate Winter wheat sowing is to the gross precipitation WP of duration of flowering_y2=117.7mm.

11, winter wheat sowing is calculated to the natural main effect output of duration of flowering with formula (11):

WW_y2=0.7WS_0-100+0.3WP_y2=0.7 × 300.7+0.3 × 117.7=210.49+35.31=245.8mm.

12, the supplementary irrigation water yield is needed in winter wheat calculating in florescence.

First winter wheat sowing is calculated to total supplementary irrigation water yield required during florescence with formula (12):

WI_ty2=-1.2039WW_y2+ 382.42=-1.2039 × 245.8+382.42=86.5mm.

Calculate with formula (13) again and need the supplementary irrigation water yield florescence:

WI_y2=WI_ty2-WI_s-WI_ps-WI_y1=86.5-0-0-33.6=52.9mm.

Due to 52.9mm ＜ 60mm, then need the supplementary irrigation water yield WI florescence_y2For 52.9mm.

The present embodiment 1 winter wheat supplementary irrigation in florescence water yield is 52.9mm.

13, when pouring water florescence, owing to the base fertilizer of the present embodiment 1 use in sowing time is control release urea, common urea, weight Calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride, so need not topdress in florescence.Only use Shandong Agricultural University and east, Shandong standing grain agricultural science and technology The wheat and corn whole year production variable rich water integration irrigation system of company limited's co-production carries out precision irrigation.

14, after winter wheat results, at same plot multiple cropping summer corn.While summer corn is sowed, implement base fertilizer layering Row replacement, will impose on 8cm, 16cm and 24cm depths, below earth's surface by bottom application azophoska bar respectively.Vertical distribution is in above three The fertilising band of different depth soil layer is one group, and each component layers fertilising band is all corresponding with a summer corn sowing row, the two 5cm interlaced with each other, the spacing between two adjacent groups layer by layer manuring band is 60cm, equal to the spacing of adjacent rows summer corn.This Inventive embodiments 1 applies common urea, double superhosphate and potassium chloride in 8cm soil layer depths, applies control in 16cm soil layer depths Release carbamide, double superhosphate and potassium chloride, apply control release urea, double superhosphate and potassium chloride in 24cm soil layer depths.This The N P and K element amount that bright embodiment 1 summer corn bar in proportion in sowing time imposes in each soil layer soil is as shown in table 2.

Table 2 embodiment of the present invention 1 summer corn bar in proportion in sowing time imposes on the N P and K element amount list in each soil layer soil

15, in summer corn sowing when 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layer soil under daily earth boring auger collection sowing corn field of summer earth's surface Earth sample, measures mass water content of soil, respectively M θ by traditional oven drying method_m-0-20=7.13% and M θ_m-20-40= 7.98%, and calculate 0-40cm soil layer soil average quality water content under earth's surface with arithmetic average value calculating method:

Mθ_am-0-40=(M θ_m-0-20+Mθ_m-20-40)/2=(7.13+7.98)/2=7.56%.

Water-holding capacity, respectively MFC is measured with traditional core cutter method_0-20=28.75% and MFC_20-40=23.11%,

0-20cm soil layer soil relative water content under earth's surface is calculated with formula (14):

Mθ_r-0-20=M θ_m-0-20×100/MFC_0-20=7.13 × 100/28.75=24.8%.

0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under earth's surface is calculated with formula (15):

MS_0-40=6.3989M θ_am-0-40-6.1645=6.3989 × 7.56-6.1645=42.21mm.

0-100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under earth's surface is calculated with formula (16):

MS_0-100=12.037M θ_am-0-40+ 79.934=12.037 × 7.56+79.934=170.93mm.

16, according to 0-20cm soil layer soil relative water content M θ under summer corn sowing earth's surface, field on the same day_r-0-20Numerical value big Little, it may be judged whether to need supplementary irrigation.

M θ due to the present embodiment 1_r-0-20=24.8% ＜ 60%, then calculating summer corn with formula (17) needs to mend sowing time Irrigation quantity:

MI_s=0.4901M θ_m-0-20 ²-16.412Mθ_m-0-20+ 173.29=0.4901 × 50.84-16.412 × 7.13+ 173.29=81.19mm.

Due to 81.19mm ＞ 60mm, so summer corn supplementary irrigation in sowing time water yield MI of the present embodiment 1_sFor 60mm.

Use Shandong Agricultural University and the wheat and corn whole year production of Shandong Dong He agricultural science and technology company limited co-production Variable rich water integration irrigation system carries out precision irrigation.

17, use the precipitation data during summer corn sowing to jointing obtained from local meteorological department, calculate Gross precipitation MP during this period_ps=41.9mm.

18, summer corn sowing is calculated to the root layer main effect output during jointing with formula (18):

MW_ps=MS_0-40+MI_s+MP_ps=42.21+60+41.9=144.11mm.

19, in the summer corn jointing stage, according to MW_psThe size of numerical value, it may be judged whether need supplementary irrigation.

MW due to the present embodiment 1_ps=144.11mm, higher than 130mm, so without in summer corn jointing stage supplementary irrigation.

The present embodiment 1 summer corn jointing stage supplementary irrigation water yield is 0mm.

20, the precipitation number during the summer corn jointing stage to typhon mouth phase obtained from local meteorological department is used According to, and calculate summer corn sowing to the gross precipitation MP during the typhon mouth phase_y1=58.2mm.

21, summer corn sowing is calculated to the natural main effect output during the typhon mouth phase with formula (20):

MW_y1=MS_0-40+MP_y1=42.21+58.2=100.41mm.

22, in the summer corn typhon mouth phase, calculating needs the supplementary irrigation water yield.

Owing to the present embodiment 1 summer corn supplementary irrigation in sowing time water yield is more than 0mm, the most first calculates summer corn with formula (22) and broadcast Kind to total supplementary irrigation water yield required during the typhon mouth phase:

MI_ty1=-0.534MW_y1+ 178.09=-0.534 × 100.41+178.09=124.5mm.

Calculate the summer corn typhon mouth phase with formula (23) again and need the supplementary irrigation water yield:

MI_y1=MI_ty1-MI_s-MI_ps=124.5-60-0=64.5mm.

23, when the typhon mouth phase pours water, owing to the base fertilizer of the present embodiment 1 use in sowing time is control release urea, commonly urinates Element, double superhosphate and potassium chloride, so need not topdress in the typhon mouth phase.Only use Shandong Agricultural University and east, Shandong standing grain The wheat and corn whole year production variable rich water integration irrigation system of agricultural science and technology company limited co-production carries out precision irrigation.

24, the precipitation number during summer corn typhon mouth phase to florescence obtained from local meteorological department is used According to, and calculate summer corn sowing to the gross precipitation P of duration of flowering_y2=180.0mm.

25, summer corn sowing is calculated to the natural main effect output of duration of flowering with formula (24):

MW_y2=0.7MS_0-100+0.3MP_y2=0.7 × 170.93+0.3 × 180.0=173.65mm.

26, need the supplementary irrigation water yield in summer corn calculating in florescence, and topdress with water.

First summer corn sowing is calculated to total supplementary irrigation water yield required during florescence with formula (25):

MI_ty2=-1.2039MW_y2+ 382.42=-1.2039 × 173.65+382.42=173.4mm.

Calculate summer corn with formula (26) again and need the supplementary irrigation water yield florescence:

MI_y2=MI_ty2-MI_s-MI_ps-MI_y1=173.4-60-0-64.5=48.9mm.

Due to 48.9mm ＜ 60mm, then the present embodiment 1 summer corn supplementary irrigation in florescence water yield MI_y2For 48.9mm.

When summer corn supplementary irrigation in florescence water, Shandong Agricultural University is used to cooperate with Shandong Dong He agricultural science and technology company limited The fertilizer accurate quantification intelligence produced stirs the mill miscible system of circulation and system is irrigated in wheat and corn whole year production variable rich water integration System, the common urea first imposed by needs and potassium chloride dissolve, then solution applies equably Winter Wheat Root layer with irrigation water.This Embodiment 1 this period is 104kg hm with the common urea consumption that water imposes^-2(containing 48kg hm^-2Purity nitrogen), the chlorine imposed with water Changing potassium application rate is 40kg hm^-2(containing 24kg hm^-2K₂O)。

As shown in table 3, the present embodiment 1 winter wheat-summer maize system multiple cropping continuous cropping root layer liquid manure supply and demand time and space usage control technique Compared with tradition water and fertilizer management technology, economized on water in two seasons 243.0mm altogether, and per hectare is economized on water 2430 cubic metres, and per hectare reduces N, P₂O₅ And K₂O input amount is respectively 126 kilograms, 60 kilograms and 60 kilograms, and per hectare produces more food 848.1 kilograms.

Table 3 embodiment of the present invention 1 winter wheat-summer maize system multiple cropping continuous cropping root layer liquid manure supply and demand time and space usage control technique and biography System water and fertilizer management technology two season crop irrigation quantity in the time of infertility, dose and yield comparison

Embodiment 2

Test is carried out on silty loam plot, Xuan Zhuan village, Tran town, Daiyue District, Shandong Province.Experimental plot 0-100cm soil layer soil Cosmid, sand grains and silt content are respectively 20.1%, 19.1%, 60.8%.0-20cm soil layer soil is containing organic 14.23g kg^-1, full nitrogen 0.72g kg^-1, it is respectively 94.33,42.84 and 112.77mg kg containing alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium^-1。

Select winter wheat variety Jimai 22 and Summer Corn Varieties Zheng Dan 958.In same plot, winter wheat is in October, 2014 Sowing on the 6th, gathers in the crops on June 12nd, 2015, and summer corn was sowed on June 14th, 2015, and on October 1st, 2015 gathers in the crops.Fertilizer selects With common urea, double superhosphate and the potassium chloride of nitrogen content 46%.Supply according to winter wheat-summer maize system multiple cropping continuous cropping root layer liquid manure The step operation needing time and space usage control technique is as follows:

1, while winter wheat sowing, implement base fertilizer layering row replacement, earth's surface will be imposed on by bottom application azophoska bar respectively Following 8cm, 16cm and 24cm depths.Vertical distribution is one group in the fertilising band of above three different depth soil layer, adjacent two Spacing between group is 46cm, the winter wheat sowing line-spacing equal to 2 times, i.e. sows two between two adjacent groups layer by layer manuring band Row winter wheat.The embodiment of the present invention 2 winter wheat sowing phase bar in proportion imposes on such as table 4 institute of the N P and K element amount in each soil layer soil Show.

Table 4 embodiment of the present invention 2 winter wheat sowing phase bar in proportion imposes on the N P and K element amount list in each soil layer soil

2,20-40cm soil layer soil-like under 0-20cm and earth's surface was gathered under sowing wheatland earth's surface winter wheat sowing same day Product, measure mass water content of soil, respectively W θ by traditional oven drying method_m-0-20=19.46% and W θ_m-20-40=19.52%, And calculate 0-40cm soil layer soil average quality water content under earth's surface with arithmetic average value calculating method:

Wθ_am-0-40=(W θ_m-0-20+Wθ_m-20-40)/2=(19.46+19.52)/2=19.49%.

Water-holding capacity, respectively WFC is measured with traditional core cutter method_0-20=28.90% and WFC_20-40=23.05%,

0-20cm soil layer soil relative water content under earth's surface is calculated with formula (1):

Wθ_r-0-20=W θ_m-0-20×100/WFC_0-20=19.46 × 100/28.90=67.34%.

0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under earth's surface is calculated with formula (2):

WS_0-40=6.3989W θ_am-0-40-6.1645=6.3989 × 19.49-6.1645=118.6mm.

0-100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under earth's surface is calculated with formula (3):

WS_0-100=12.037W θ_am-0-40+ 79.934=12.037 × 19.49+79.934=314.5mm.

3,0-20cm soil layer soil relative water content W θ under wheatland earth's surface was sowed the same day according to winter wheat sowing_r-0-20Numerical value Size, it may be judged whether need supplementary irrigation.

W θ due to the present embodiment 2_r-0-20=67.34% ＞ 60%, so without in supplementary irrigation in sowing time.

The present embodiment 2 winter wheat sowing phase supplementary irrigation water yield is 0mm.

4, use from local meteorological department obtain from winter wheat sowing to the precipitation data of period of surviving the winter, calculate this The gross precipitation WP of period_ps=20.3mm.

5, with formula (5) calculate winter wheat sowing to survive the winter period root layer main effect output:

WW_ps=WS_0-40+WI_s+WP_ps=118.6+0+20.3=138.9mm.

6, in winter wheat Wintering Period, according to WW_psThe size of numerical value, it may be judged whether need supplementary irrigation.

WW due to the present embodiment 2_ps=138.9mm, higher than 130mm, so without in Wintering Period supplementary irrigation.

The present embodiment 2 winter wheat Wintering Period supplementary irrigation water yield is 0mm.

7, use and get over the precipitation data between the jointing stage in Winter Solstice from what local meteorological department obtained from winter wheat, calculate the winter Wheat cultivation is to the gross precipitation WP during jointing_y1=93.2mm.

8, winter wheat sowing is calculated to the natural main effect output during jointing with formula (7):

WW_y1=WS_0-40+WP_y1=118.6+93.2=211.8mm.

9, in the winter wheat jointing stage, calculating needs the supplementary irrigation water yield, and topdresses with water.

Owing to the present embodiment 2 winter wheat sowing phase and the Wintering Period supplementary irrigation water yield are 0mm, so calculating with formula (8) Jointing stage needs the supplementary irrigation water yield:

WI_y1=-0.6829WW_y1+ 173.17=-0.6829 × 211.8+173.17=28.5mm.

The present embodiment 2 winter wheat jointing stage supplementary irrigation water yield is 28.5mm.

When winter wheat jointing stage supplementary irrigation water, Shandong Agricultural University is used to cooperate with Shandong Dong He agricultural science and technology company limited The fertilizer accurate quantification intelligence produced stirs the mill miscible system of circulation and system is irrigated in wheat and corn whole year production variable rich water integration System, the common urea first imposed by needs and potassium chloride dissolve, then solution applies equably Winter Wheat Root layer with irrigation water.Should Period is 261kg hm with the common urea consumption that water imposes^-2(containing 120kg hm^-2Purity nitrogen), the potassium chloride dosage imposed with water For 40kg hm^-2(containing 24kg hm^-2K₂O)。

10, use the precipitation data from winter wheat jointing to duration of flowering obtained from local meteorological department, calculate Winter wheat sowing is to the gross precipitation WP of duration of flowering_y2=117.7mm.

11, winter wheat sowing is calculated to the natural main effect output of duration of flowering with formula (11):

WW_y2=0.7WS_0-100+0.3WP_y2=0.7 × 314.5+0.3 × 117.7=220.15+35.31=255.46mm.

12, the supplementary irrigation water yield is needed in winter wheat calculating in florescence.

First winter wheat sowing is calculated to total supplementary irrigation water yield required during florescence with formula (12):

WI_ty2=-1.2039WW_y2+ 382.42=-1.2039 × 255.46+382.42=74.9mm.

Calculate with formula (13) again and need the supplementary irrigation water yield florescence:

WI_y2=WI_ty2-WI_s-WI_ps-WI_y1=74.9-0-0-28.5=46.4mm.

Due to 46.4mm ＜ 60mm, then supplementary irrigation in florescence water yield WI_y2For 46.4mm.

The present embodiment 2 winter wheat supplementary irrigation in florescence water yield is 46.4mm.

13, when pouring water florescence, Shandong Agricultural University and the co-production of Shandong Dong He agricultural science and technology company limited are used Fertilizer accurate quantification intelligence stir mill and circulate miscible system and wheat and corn whole year production variable rich water integration irrigation system, first The common urea imposed by needs and potassium chloride dissolve, then solution applies equably Winter Wheat Root layer with irrigation water.This period The common urea consumption imposed with water is 104kg hm^-2(containing 48kg hm^-2Purity nitrogen), the potassium chloride dosage imposed with water is 40kg hm^-2(containing 24kg hm^-2K₂O)。

14, after winter wheat results, at same plot multiple cropping summer corn.While summer corn is sowed, implement base fertilizer layering Row replacement, will impose on 8cm, 16cm and 24cm depths, below earth's surface by bottom application azophoska bar respectively.Vertical distribution is in above three The fertilising band of different depth soil layer is one group, and each component layers fertilising band is all corresponding with a summer corn sowing row, the two 5cm interlaced with each other, the spacing between two adjacent groups layer by layer manuring band is 60cm, equal to the spacing of adjacent rows summer corn.This The N P and K element amount that inventive embodiments 2 summer corn bar in proportion in sowing time imposes in each soil layer soil is as shown in table 5.

Table 5 embodiment of the present invention 2 summer corn bar in proportion in sowing time imposes on the N P and K element amount list in each soil layer soil

15, in summer corn sowing when 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layer soil under daily earth boring auger collection sowing corn field of summer earth's surface Earth sample, measures mass water content of soil, respectively M θ by traditional oven drying method_m-0-20=6.66% and M θ_m-20-40= 7.30%, and calculate 0-40cm soil layer soil average quality water content under earth's surface with arithmetic average value calculating method:

Mθ_am-0-40=(M θ_m-0-20+Mθ_m-20-40)/2=(6.66+7.30)/2=6.98%.

Water-holding capacity, respectively MFC is measured with traditional core cutter method_0-20=28.93% and MFC_20-40=23.02%,

0-20cm soil layer soil relative water content under earth's surface is calculated with formula (14):

Mθ_r-0-20=M θ_m-0-20×100/MFC_0-20=6.66 × 100/28.93=23.02%.

0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under earth's surface is calculated with formula (15):

MS_0-40=6.3989M θ_am-0-40-6.1645=6.3989 × 6.98-6.1645=38.50mm.

0-100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under earth's surface is calculated with formula (16):

MS_0-100=12.037M θ_am-0-40+ 79.934=12.037 × 6.98+79.934=163.95mm.

16, according to 0-20cm soil layer soil relative water content M θ under summer corn sowing earth's surface, field on the same day_r-0-20Numerical value big Little, it may be judged whether to need supplementary irrigation.

M θ due to the present embodiment 2_r-0-20=23.02% ＜ 60%, then calculating summer corn with formula (17) needs to mend sowing time Irrigation quantity:

MI_s=0.4901M θ_m-0-20 ²-16.412Mθ_m-0-20+ 173.29=0.4901 × 44.36-16.412 × 6.66+ 173.29=85.73mm.

Due to 85.73mm ＞ 60mm, so summer corn supplementary irrigation in sowing time water yield MI of the present embodiment 2_sFor 60mm.

Use Shandong Agricultural University and the wheat and corn whole year production of Shandong Dong He agricultural science and technology company limited co-production Variable rich water integration irrigation system carries out precision irrigation.

17, use the precipitation data during summer corn sowing to jointing obtained from local meteorological department, calculate Gross precipitation MP during this period_ps=41.9mm.

18, summer corn sowing is calculated to the root layer main effect output during jointing with formula (18):

MW_ps=MS_0-40+MI_s+MP_ps=38.5+60+41.9=140.4mm.

19, in the summer corn jointing stage, according to MW_psThe size of numerical value, it may be judged whether need supplementary irrigation.

MW due to the present embodiment 2_ps=140.4mm, higher than 130mm, so without in summer corn jointing stage supplementary irrigation.

The present embodiment 2 summer corn jointing stage supplementary irrigation water yield is 0mm.

20, the precipitation number during the summer corn jointing stage to typhon mouth phase obtained from local meteorological department is used According to, and calculate summer corn sowing to the gross precipitation MP during the typhon mouth phase_y1=58.2mm.

21, summer corn sowing is calculated to the natural main effect output during the typhon mouth phase with formula (20):

MW_y1=MS_0-40+MP_y1=38.5+58.2=96.7mm.

22, in the summer corn typhon mouth phase, calculating needs the supplementary irrigation water yield.

Owing to the present embodiment 2 summer corn supplementary irrigation in sowing time water yield is more than 0mm, the most first calculates summer corn with formula (22) and broadcast Kind to total supplementary irrigation water yield required during the typhon mouth phase:

MI_ty1=-0.534MW_y1+ 178.09=-0.534 × 96.7+178.09=126.5mm.

Calculate the summer corn typhon mouth phase with formula (23) again and need the supplementary irrigation water yield:

MI_y1=MI_ty1-MI_s-MI_ps=126.5-60-0=66.5mm.

The present embodiment 2 summer corn typhon mouth phase supplementary irrigation water yield is 66.5mm.

23, the base fertilizer used due to the present embodiment 2 sowing time is common urea, double superhosphate and potassium chloride, so Summer corn typhon mouth phase needs topdress.Needing the common urea amount imposed this period is 87kg hm^-2(containing 40kg hm^-2Pure Nitrogen), potassium chloride amount be 40kg hm^-2(containing 24kg hm^-2K₂O)。

When the typhon mouth phase pours water, use Shandong Agricultural University and the co-production of Shandong Dong He agricultural science and technology company limited Fertilizer accurate quantification intelligence stir mill and circulate miscible system and wheat and corn whole year production variable rich water integration irrigation system, first The common urea imposed by needs and potassium chloride dissolve, then solution applies equably Winter Wheat Root layer with irrigation water.

24, the precipitation number during summer corn typhon mouth phase to florescence obtained from local meteorological department is used According to, and calculate summer corn sowing to the gross precipitation P of duration of flowering_y2=180.0mm.

25, summer corn sowing is calculated to the natural main effect output of duration of flowering with formula (24):

MW_y2=0.7MS_0-100+0.3MP_y2=0.7 × 163.95+0.3 × 180.0=168.77mm.

26, need the supplementary irrigation water yield in summer corn calculating in florescence, and topdress with water.

First summer corn sowing is calculated to total supplementary irrigation water yield required during florescence with formula (25):

MI_ty2=-1.2039MW_y2+ 382.42=-1.2039 × 168.77+382.42=179.2mm.

Calculate summer corn with formula (26) again and need the supplementary irrigation water yield florescence:

MI_y2=MI_ty2-MI_s-MI_ps-MI_y1=179.2-60-0-66.5=52.7mm.

Due to 52.7mm ＜ 60mm, then the present embodiment 2 summer corn supplementary irrigation in florescence water yield MI_y2For 52.7mm.

When summer corn supplementary irrigation in florescence water, Shandong Agricultural University is used to cooperate with Shandong Dong He agricultural science and technology company limited The fertilizer accurate quantification intelligence produced stirs the mill miscible system of circulation and system is irrigated in wheat and corn whole year production variable rich water integration System, the common urea first imposed by needs and potassium chloride dissolve, then solution applies equably Winter Wheat Root layer with irrigation water.This Embodiment 2 this period is 174kg hm with the common urea consumption that water imposes^-2(containing 80kg hm^-2Purity nitrogen), the chlorine imposed with water Changing potassium application rate is 40kg hm^-2(containing 24kg hm^-2K₂O)。

As shown in table 6, the present embodiment 2 winter wheat-summer maize system multiple cropping continuous cropping root layer liquid manure supply and demand time and space usage control technique Compared with tradition water and fertilizer management technology, economized on water in two seasons 248.8mm altogether, and per hectare is economized on water 2488 cubic metres, and per hectare reduces N, P₂O₅ And K₂O input amount is respectively 126 kilograms, 60 kilograms and 60 kilograms, and per hectare produces more food 1249.2 kilograms.

Table 6 embodiment of the present invention 2 winter wheat-summer maize system multiple cropping continuous cropping root layer liquid manure supply and demand time and space usage control technique and biography System water and fertilizer management technology two season crop irrigation quantity in the time of infertility, dose and yield comparison

Claims (1)

1. a winter wheat-summer maize system multiple cropping continuous cropping root layer liquid manure supply and demand time and space usage regulation and control method, it is characterised in that include step Rapid as follows:

1) while winter wheat sowing, implement base fertilizer layering row replacement, below earth's surface will be imposed on by bottom application azophoska bar respectively 8cm, 16cm and 24cm depths；Vertical distribution is one group in the fertilising band of above three different depth soil layer, two adjacent groups it Between spacing be 30-46cm, the winter wheat sowing line-spacing equal to 2 times, i.e. between two adjacent groups layer by layer manuring band sow two Row winter wheat；Winter wheat is used the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus element and potassium element the time of infertility and determines according to prior art；Bottom application nitrogen, phosphorus element With potassium element ratio of distribution in above three different depth soil layer, the fertilizer type according to using determines:

When control release urea uses with the collocation of common azophoska, applying common azophoska in 8cm soil layer depths, wherein nitrogen accounts for The 12.5% of winter wheat total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, phosphorus element accounts for the 16.7% of total phosphorus application amount in the time of infertility, and potassium element accounts for the time of infertility The 12.5% of total amount of potassium applied；Apply control release urea and common phosphorus potash fertilizer in 16cm soil layer depths, wherein to account for the time of infertility total for nitrogen The 25% of amount of nitrogen, phosphorus element accounts for the 33.3% of total phosphorus application amount in the time of infertility, and potassium element accounts for the 25% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility；? 24cm soil layer depths applies control release urea and common phosphorus potash fertilizer, and wherein nitrogen accounts for the 37.5% of total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, phosphorus element Accounting for the 50% of total phosphorus application amount in the time of infertility, potassium element accounts for the 37.5% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility；

When only using common azophoska, the nitrogen applied in 8cm soil layer depths accounts for winter wheat total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility 5%, phosphorus element accounts for the 16.7% of total phosphorus application amount in the time of infertility, and potassium element accounts for the 10% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility；Deep at 16cm soil layer The nitrogen that place applies accounts for the 10% of total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, and phosphorus element accounts for the 33.3% of total phosphorus application amount in the time of infertility, and potassium element accounts for entirely The 20% of the total amount of potassium applied of period of duration；The nitrogen applied in 24cm soil layer depths accounts for the 15% of total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, and phosphorus element accounts for The time of infertility total phosphorus application amount 50%, potassium element accounts for the 30% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility；

2) gathered under sowing wheatland earth's surface 20-40cm soil layer pedotheque under 0-20cm and earth's surface winter wheat sowing same day, use Traditional oven drying method measures mass water content of soil, respectively W θ_m-0-20With W θ_m-20-40, unit is %, and uses arithmetic mean of instantaneous value Computational methods calculate 0-40cm soil layer soil average quality water content under earth's surface, for W θ_am-0-40, unit is %；

Water-holding capacity, respectively WFC is measured with traditional core cutter method_0-20And WFC_20-40,

0-20cm soil layer soil relative water content under earth's surface is calculated with formula (1):

Wθ_r-0-20=W θ_m-0-20×100/WFC_0-20 (1)

W θ in formula (1)_r-0-20For 0-20cm soil layer soil relative water content under earth's surface, unit is %；

0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under earth's surface is calculated with formula (2):

WS_0-40=6.3989W θ_am-0-40-6.1645 (2)

WS in formula (2)_0-40For 0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；Wθ_am-0-40 For sowing 0-40cm soil layer soil average quality water content on the same day, unit is %；

0-100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under earth's surface is calculated with formula (3):

WS_0-100=12.037W θ_am-0-40+79.934 (3)

WS in formula (3)_0-100For 0-100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；W θ_am-0-40For 0-40cm soil layer soil average quality water content under sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is %；

3) 0-20cm soil layer soil relative water content W θ under wheatland earth's surface was sowed the same day according to winter wheat sowing_r-0-20Numerical value big Little, it may be judged whether to need supplementary irrigation；

As W θ_r-0-20Without supplementary irrigation during more than 60%, as W θ_r-0-20During less than or equal to 60%, then calculate sowing time with formula (4) Need the supplementary irrigation water yield:

WI_s=0.4901W θ_m-0-20 ²-16.412Wθ_m-0-20+173.29 (4)

WI in described formula (4)_sFor needing the supplementary irrigation water yield sowing time, unit is mm；Wθ_m-0-20For winter wheat sowing 0-20cm on the same day Soil layer mass water content of soil, unit is %；

Sowing time, the supplementary irrigation water yield was no more than 60mm；

4, use rainfall data acquisition unit collection or be obtained from winter wheat sowing to the precipitation of period of surviving the winter from local meteorological department Amount data, calculate gross precipitation WP during this period_ps；

5) with formula (5) calculate winter wheat sowing to survive the winter period root layer main effect output:

WW_ps=WS_0-40+WI_s+WP_ps (5)

WW in described formula (5)_psFor the root layer main effect output of winter wheat sowing to period of surviving the winter, unit is mm；WS_0-40For 0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；WI_sFor the winter wheat sowing phase supplementary irrigation water yield, Unit is mm；WP_psFor the gross precipitation of sowing to period of surviving the winter, unit is mm；

6) in winter wheat Wintering Period, according to WW_psThe size of numerical value, it may be judged whether need supplementary irrigation；

Work as WW_psValue more than or equal to 130mm, though or less than 130mm but the difference of the two less than 5mm time, it is not necessary to supplementary irrigation；Work as WW_psValue Less than 130mm, and the difference of the two more than or equal to 5mm time, then calculate Wintering Period with formula (6) and need the supplementary irrigation water yield:

WI_ps=130-WW_ps (6)

WI in described formula (6)_psNeeding the supplementary irrigation water yield for Wintering Period, unit is mm；

The Wintering Period supplementary irrigation water yield is no more than 60mm；

7) use rainfall data acquisition unit collection or be obtained from winter wheat from local meteorological department and get over the precipitation between the jointing stage in Winter Solstice Amount data, and calculate winter wheat sowing to the gross precipitation WP during jointing_y1；

8) winter wheat sowing is calculated to the natural main effect output during jointing with formula (7):

WW_y1=WS_0-40+WP_y1 (7)

WW in described formula (7)_y1For the natural main effect output during winter wheat sowing to jointing；WS_0-40Broadcast for winter wheat Planting 0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；WP_y1For the total precipitation during winter wheat sowing to jointing Amount, unit is mm；

9) in the winter wheat jointing stage, calculating needs the supplementary irrigation water yield, and topdresses with water；

If winter wheat sowing phase and the Wintering Period supplementary irrigation water yield are 0mm, then calculate the jointing stage with formula (8) and need supplementary irrigation water Amount:

WI_y1=-0.6829WW_y1+173.17 (8)

WI in described formula (8)_y1Needing the supplementary irrigation water yield for the jointing stage, unit is mm；

If the winter wheat sowing phase supplementary irrigation water yield or the Wintering Period supplementary irrigation water yield are more than 0mm, the most first calculate winter wheat with formula (9) Sow to total supplementary irrigation water yield required during jointing:

WI_ty1=-0.534WW_y1+178.09 (9)

WI in described formula (9)_ty1For total supplementary irrigation water yield required during winter wheat sowing to jointing, unit is mm；

Calculate the jointing stage with formula (10) again and need the supplementary irrigation water yield:

WI_y1=WI_ty1-WI_s-WI_ps (10)

WI in described formula (10)_y1、WI_sAnd WI_psBe respectively the winter wheat jointing stage need the supplementary irrigation water yield, the supplementary irrigation water yield in sowing time and The Wintering Period supplementary irrigation water yield, unit is mm；

When winter wheat jointing stage supplementary irrigation water, the nitrogenous fertilizer that need to be imposed the jointing stage and potash fertilizer apply equably with irrigation water after dissolving Winter Wheat Root layer；The fertilizer imposed is solubility nitrogenous fertilizer such as carbamide and solubility potash fertilizer such as potassium chloride；

The fertilizer type used when using base fertilizer according to the winter wheat sowing phase is different, determines nitrogen and potassium element that the jointing stage need to impose Consumption: when base fertilizer is control release urea and the collocation of common azophoska uses, it is total that winter wheat jointing stage amount of nitrogen accounts for the time of infertility The 25% of amount of nitrogen, amount of potassium applied accounts for the 25% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility；When base fertilizer only uses common azophoska, winter wheat Jointing stage amount of nitrogen accounts for the 50% of total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, and amount of potassium applied accounts for the 20% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility；

10) use rainfall data acquisition unit collection or be obtained from winter wheat jointing to the precipitation of duration of flowering from local meteorological department Amount data, and calculate winter wheat sowing to the gross precipitation WP of duration of flowering_y2；

11) winter wheat sowing is calculated to the natural main effect output of duration of flowering with formula (11):

WW_y2=0.7WS_0-100+0.3WP_y2 (11)

WW in described formula (11)_y2For the natural main effect output of winter wheat sowing to duration of flowering, unit is mm；WS_0-100 For 0-100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under winter wheat sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；WP_y2For winter wheat sowing to florescence Between gross precipitation, unit is mm；

12) the supplementary irrigation water yield is needed in winter wheat calculating in florescence；

First winter wheat sowing is calculated to total supplementary irrigation water yield required during florescence with formula (12):

WI_ty2=-1.2039WW_y2+382.42 (12)

WI in described formula (12)_ty2For total supplementary irrigation water yield required during winter wheat sowing to florescence, unit is mm；

Calculate with formula (13) again and need the supplementary irrigation water yield florescence:

WI_y2=WI_ty2-WI_s-WI_ps-WI_y1 (13)

WI in described formula (13)_y2、WI_s、WI_psAnd WI_y1It is respectively and needs the supplementary irrigation water yield, the supplementary irrigation water yield in sowing time florescence, get over The teletostage supplementary irrigation water yield and the jointing stage supplementary irrigation water yield, unit is mm；

Florescence, the supplementary irrigation water yield was no more than 60mm；

13) when pouring water florescence, the fertilizer type used when using base fertilizer according to the winter wheat sowing phase is different, it is determined whether real Shi Suishui topdresses；

When base fertilizer is control release urea and the collocation of common azophoska uses, no longer topdress florescence；Only irrigate；

When base fertilizer only uses common azophoska, winter wheat amount of nitrogen in florescence accounts for the 20% of total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, executes Potassium amount accounts for the 20% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility；The nitrogenous fertilizer that need to be imposed florescence and potash fertilizer are executed equably with irrigation water after dissolving Enter Winter Wheat Root layer；The fertilizer imposed is solubility nitrogenous fertilizer such as carbamide and solubility potash fertilizer such as potassium chloride；

14) after winter wheat results, at same plot multiple cropping summer corn；While summer corn is sowed, implement base fertilizer layering row replacement, 8cm, 16cm and 24cm depths, below earth's surface will be imposed on by bottom application azophoska bar respectively；Vertical distribution is different deep in above three The fertilising band of degree soil layer is one group, and each component layers fertilising band is all corresponding with a summer corn sowing row, and the two is handed over each other Wrong 5-10cm, the spacing between two adjacent groups layer by layer manuring band is generally 40-80cm, equal between adjacent rows summer corn Away from；Summer corn is used the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus element and potassium element the time of infertility and is determined according to prior art；Bottom application nitrogen, phosphorus element and potassium element The ratio of distribution in above three different depth soil layer, the fertilizer type according to using determines:

When control release urea uses with the collocation of common azophoska, applying common azophoska in 8cm soil layer depths, wherein nitrogen accounts for The 20% of summer corn total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, phosphorus element accounts for the 25% of total phosphorus application amount in the time of infertility, and potassium element accounts for always to be executed the time of infertility The 20% of potassium amount；Apply control release urea and common phosphorus potash fertilizer in 16cm soil layer depths, wherein nitrogen accounts for total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility 40%, phosphorus element accounts for the 50% of total phosphorus application amount in the time of infertility, and potassium element accounts for the 40% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility；Deep at 24cm soil layer Place applies control release urea and common phosphorus potash fertilizer, and wherein nitrogen accounts for the 20% of total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, and it is total that phosphorus element accounts for the time of infertility The 25% of phosphorus application amount, potassium element accounts for the 20% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility；

When only using common azophoska, the nitrogen applied in 8cm soil layer depths accounts for summer corn total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility 12.5%, phosphorus element accounts for the 25% of total phosphorus application amount in the time of infertility, and potassium element accounts for the 15% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility；Deep at 16cm soil layer The nitrogen that place applies accounts for the 25% of total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, and phosphorus element accounts for the 50% of total phosphorus application amount in the time of infertility, and potassium element accounts for complete raw The 30% of phase of educating total amount of potassium applied；The nitrogen applied in 24cm soil layer depths accounts for the 12.5% of total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, and phosphorus element accounts for The time of infertility total phosphorus application amount 25%, potassium element accounts for the 15% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility；

15) in summer corn sowing when 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layer soil-like under daily earth boring auger collection sowing corn field of summer earth's surface Product, measure mass water content of soil, respectively M θ by traditional oven drying method_m-0-20With M θ_m-20-40, unit is %, and puts down with arithmetic Average calculation method calculates 0-40cm soil layer soil average quality water content under earth's surface, for M θ_am-0-40, unit is %；

Water-holding capacity, respectively MFC is measured with traditional core cutter method_0-20And MFC_20-40,

0-20cm soil layer soil relative water content under earth's surface is calculated with formula (14):

Mθ_r-0-20=M θ_m-0-20×100/MFC_0-20 (14)

M θ in described formula (14)_r-0-20For 0-20cm soil layer soil relative water content under earth's surface, unit is %；

0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under earth's surface is calculated with formula (15):

MS_0-40=6.3989M θ_am-0-40-6.1645 (15)

MS in described formula (15)_0-40For 0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under summer corn sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；M θ_am-0-40For 0-40cm soil layer soil average quality water content under summer corn sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is %；

0-100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under earth's surface is calculated with formula (16):

MS_0-100=12.037M θ_am-0-40+79.934 (16)

MS in described formula (16)_0-100For 0-100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under summer corn sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；Mθ_am-0-40For 0-40cm soil layer soil average quality water content under summer corn sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is %；

16) according to 0-20cm soil layer soil relative water content M θ under summer corn sowing earth's surface, field on the same day_r-0-20The size of numerical value, Judge whether to need supplementary irrigation；

As M θ_r-0-20Without supplementary irrigation during more than 60%, as M θ_r-0-20During less than or equal to 60%, then calculate summer corn with formula (17) Need the supplementary irrigation water yield sowing time:

MI_s=0.4901M θ_m-0-20 ²-16.412Mθ_m-0-20+173.29 (17)

MI in described formula (17)_sNeeding the supplementary irrigation water yield sowing time for summer corn, unit is mm；Mθ_m-0-20Work as summer corn sowing 0-20cm soil layer mass water content of soil under day earth's surface, unit is %；

Summer corn supplementary irrigation in the sowing time water yield is no more than 60mm；

17) use rainfall data acquisition unit collection or be obtained from summer corn sowing to the precipitation during jointing from local meteorological department Amount data, calculate gross precipitation MP during this period_ps；

18) summer corn sowing is calculated to the root layer main effect output during jointing with formula (18):

MW_ps=MS_0-40+MI_s+MP_ps (18)

In described formula (18), MW_psFor the root layer main effect output during summer corn sowing to jointing；MS_0-40For summer corn 0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；MI_sFor summer corn supplementary irrigation in the sowing time water yield, unit is mm；MP_psFor the gross precipitation during summer corn sowing to jointing, unit is mm；

19) in the summer corn jointing stage, according to MW_psThe size of numerical value, it may be judged whether need supplementary irrigation；

Work as MW_psValue more than or equal to 130mm, though or less than 130mm but the difference of the two less than 5mm time, it is not necessary to supplementary irrigation；Work as MW_psValue Less than 130mm, and the difference of the two more than or equal to 5mm time, then calculate the summer corn jointing stage with formula (19) and need the supplementary irrigation water yield:

MI_ps=130-MW_ps (19)

MI in described formula (19)_psNeeding the supplementary irrigation water yield for the summer corn jointing stage, unit is mm；

The summer corn jointing stage supplementary irrigation water yield is no more than 60mm；

20) use rainfall data acquisition unit collection or be obtained from the summer corn jointing stage to phase typhon mouth phase from local meteorological department Between precipitation data, and calculate summer corn sowing to the gross precipitation MP during the typhon mouth phase_y1；

21) summer corn sowing is calculated to the natural main effect output during the typhon mouth phase with formula (20):

MW_y1=MS_0-40+MP_y1 (20)

In described formula (20), MW_y1For the natural main effect output during summer corn sowing to typhon mouth phase；MS_0-40For 0-40cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under summer corn sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；MP_y1Sow to the typhon mouth phase for summer corn The gross precipitation of period, unit is mm；

22) in the summer corn typhon mouth phase, calculating needs the supplementary irrigation water yield；

If summer corn sowing time and the jointing stage supplementary irrigation water yield are 0mm, then calculate summer corn typhon mouth with formula (21) Phase needs the supplementary irrigation water yield:

MI_y1=-0.6829MW_y1+173.17 (21)

MI in described formula (21)_y1Needing the supplementary irrigation water yield for the summer corn typhon mouth phase, unit is mm；

If summer corn supplementary irrigation in the sowing time water yield or the jointing stage supplementary irrigation water yield are more than 0mm, the most first calculate Xia Yu with formula (22) Rice sowing is to total supplementary irrigation water yield required during the typhon mouth phase:

MI_ty1=-0.534MW_y1+178.09 (22)

MI in described formula (22)_ty1For total supplementary irrigation water yield required during summer corn sowing to typhon mouth phase, unit is mm；

Calculate the summer corn typhon mouth phase with formula (23) again and need the supplementary irrigation water yield:

MI_y1=MI_ty1-MI_s-MI_ps (23)

In described formula (23), MI_y1、MI_sAnd MI_psBe respectively the typhon mouth phase need the supplementary irrigation water yield, the supplementary irrigation water yield in sowing time and The jointing stage supplementary irrigation water yield, unit is mm；

23) when the typhon mouth phase pours water, the fertilizer type used when using base fertilizer sowing time according to summer corn is different, determines and is No enforcement is topdressed with water；

When base fertilizer is control release urea and the collocation of common azophoska uses, the typhon mouth phase is not required to topdress；Only irrigate；

When base fertilizer only uses common azophoska, typhon mouth phase amount of nitrogen accounts for summer corn total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility 16.7%, amount of potassium applied accounts for the 20% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility；The nitrogenous fertilizer that the typhon mouth phase need to be imposed and potash fertilizer dissolve after with Irrigation water applies summer maize roots layer equably；The fertilizer imposed is solubility nitrogenous fertilizer such as carbamide and solubility potash fertilizer such as potassium chloride；

24) use rainfall data acquisition unit collection or be obtained from the summer corn typhon mouth phase to the phase in florescence from local meteorological department Between precipitation data, and calculate summer corn sowing to the gross precipitation MP of duration of flowering_y2；

25) summer corn sowing is calculated to the natural main effect output of duration of flowering with formula (24):

MW_y2=0.7MS_0-100+0.3MP_y2 (24)

MW in described formula (24)_y2For the natural main effect output of summer corn sowing to duration of flowering, unit is mm；MS_0-100 For 0-100cm soil layer soils remediation technolgy under summer corn sowing earth's surface on the same day, unit is mm；MP_y2Sow to florescence for summer corn Between gross precipitation, unit is mm；

26) need the supplementary irrigation water yield in summer corn calculating in florescence, and topdress with water；

First summer corn sowing is calculated to total supplementary irrigation water yield required during florescence with formula (25):

MI_ty2=-1.2039MW_y2+382.42 (25)

MI in described formula (25)_ty2For total supplementary irrigation water yield required during summer corn sowing to florescence, unit is mm；

Calculate summer corn with formula (26) again and need the supplementary irrigation water yield florescence:

MI_y2=MI_ty2-MI_s-MI_ps-MI_y1 (26)

In described formula (26), MI_y2、MI_s、MI_psAnd MI_y1It is respectively summer corn and needs the supplementary irrigation water yield, supplementary irrigation in sowing time florescence The water yield, the jointing stage supplementary irrigation water yield and the typhon mouth phase supplementary irrigation water yield, unit is mm；

Summer corn supplementary irrigation in the florescence water yield is no more than 60mm；

When summer corn supplementary irrigation in florescence water, the nitrogenous fertilizer that need to be imposed florescence and potash fertilizer apply equably with irrigation water after dissolving Summer maize roots layer；The fertilizer imposed is solubility nitrogenous fertilizer such as carbamide and solubility potash fertilizer such as potassium chloride；

The fertilizer type used when using base fertilizer sowing time according to summer corn is different, determines the nitrogen that need to impose florescence and potassium element Consumption:

When base fertilizer is control release urea and the collocation of common azophoska uses, summer corn amount of nitrogen in florescence accounts for always to be executed the time of infertility The 20% of nitrogen quantity, amount of potassium applied accounts for the 20% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility；

When base fertilizer only uses common azophoska, summer corn amount of nitrogen in florescence accounts for the 33.3% of total amount of nitrogen in the time of infertility, Amount of potassium applied accounts for the 20% of total amount of potassium applied in the time of infertility；

Described soil depth is soil depth under earth's surface.