CN106158204A - 一种钕铁硼永磁材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种钕铁硼永磁材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106158204A
CN106158204A CN201610436116.9A CN201610436116A CN106158204A CN 106158204 A CN106158204 A CN 106158204A CN 201610436116 A CN201610436116 A CN 201610436116A CN 106158204 A CN106158204 A CN 106158204A
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路河树
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NINGBO XIONGHAI RARE EARTH RAPID HARDENING TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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    • H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
    • H01F1/0573—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes obtained by reduction or by hydrogen decrepitation or embrittlement
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    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
    • H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
    • H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
    • H01F1/0576—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together pressed, e.g. hot working
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    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
    • H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
    • H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
    • H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
    • H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
    • H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
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    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
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Abstract

一种钕铁硼永磁材料，其特征在于：该永磁材料由以下重量百分比的各个组分组成：PrNd 15‑30％，Gd 3‑6％，Ga 0.05‑0.15％，B 0.5‑1.2％，Co 0.6‑1.2％，Al 0.3‑0.8％，Cu0.05‑0.3％，Mo 0.05‑0.3％，Ti 0.05‑0.3％，余量为Fe。改善了磁体的塑性、韧性；通过添加高熔点元素和低熔点元素，低熔点元素先在晶间溶解，液相在溶解过程中发生物理和化学性能变化，提高了高熔点元素在液相中的溶解性，使之在晶间区域均匀分布，而高熔点元素能阻碍晶粒的长大，细化晶粒，从而使磁体的强韧性得到提高。在磁体中添加Al、Nb、Ti等元素后，由于晶粒细化，获得了具有较高冲击韧性的烧结NdFeB磁体。

Description

一种钕铁硼永磁材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及永磁材料技术领域，具体涉及一种钕铁硼永磁材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
钕铁硼磁铁为至目前为止具有最强磁力的永久磁铁。钕铁硼被称为第三代稀土永磁材料，是当今磁能积最高的永磁材料，1983年，由日本住友特殊金属公司和美国通用汽车公司最先研制成功口]。随着计算机、通信等产业的发展，NdFeB永磁材料的制备及应用得到飞速发展。NdFeB磁体主要有3种组成相，分别是主相NdFeB、富硼相、富钕相，其中，主相NdFeB相为各向异性的四方晶体结构，滑移系极少，所以烧结NdFeB永磁体形变困难，冲击韧性低，长期以来，人们一直把提高NdFeB永磁材料的磁性能作为研究重点，随着磁体磁性能的不断提高，NdFeB的脆性逐渐暴露出来。NdFeB磁体塑韧性差使其在机械加工过程中容易开裂，大大降低了成品率和加工精度，增加了成本，同时磁体的抗振、抗冲击能力差也限制了其在高精度仪器仪表、高速电机等行业的应用，因此，如何提高稀土永磁材料的韧性，称为本领域亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的上述不足，提供一种韧性高，且永磁性能好的钕铁硼永磁材料。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案为：一种钕铁硼永磁材料，该永磁材料由以下重量百分比的各个组分组成：PrNd 15-30％，Gd 3-6％，Ga 0.05-0.15％，B0.5-1.2％，Co 0.6-1.2％，Al 0.3-0.8％，Cu 0.05-0.3％，Mo 0.05-0.3％，Ti 0.05-0.3％，余量为Fe。
作为优选，所述的钕铁硼永磁材料，该永磁材料由以下重量百分比的各个组分组成：PrNd 20-28％，Gd 4-6％，Ga 0.1-0.15％，B 0.6-1.0％，Co 0.8-1.2％，Al 0.5-0.8％，Cu0.05-0.3％，Mo 0.05-0.3％，Ti 0.05-0.3％，余量为Fe。
本发明上述的PrNd为PrNd合金，其中的Nd的占有量为1-5％。
本发明还提供一种上述钕铁硼永磁材料的制备方法，制备步骤为：
(1)按钕铁硼磁体的组成成分以及质量百分比配比原料并进行熔炼，熔炼完全后浇注、冷却成甩带片；
(2)将上述得到的甩带进行氢碎和气流磨，制成粉料；
(3)将上述粉料在惰性气体保护下放入成型压机模具中加磁场进行取向，取向后压制成型；
(4)将上述成型后得到的生坯放入烧结炉中在高温下进行烧结，然后进行回火，得到钕铁硼磁体坯体
本发明步骤(1)的熔炼为真空熔炼，真空度为0.05-0.2Pa；甩带片的厚度为0.1-0.3mm；
本发明步骤(2)氢破碎后进行4-8h的脱氢，然后用气流磨将粉体粒径磨到3-5微米；然后将抗氧化剂加入粉体中混料，混好之后再8T的脉冲磁场中垂直取向压成坯块；
本发明步骤(4)中的烧结为：放入RVS-300真空烧结炉中烧结，烧结温度为1060-1120℃，烧结时间40-100min；
发明步骤(4)中的回火为：将炉内抽真空至1-5Pa，然后升高炉温至300-450℃，保温0.5-1.5h；然后升温至500-650℃，保温0.5-1.5h；然后炉温升高至950-1100℃，保温3-5h；然后随炉冷却。
本发明的优点和有意效果：
1.本发明的配方，PrNd：15-30％，Gd 3-6％，Ga 0.05-0.15％，B：0.5-1.2％，Co0.6-1.2％，Al 0.3-0.8％，Cu 0.05-0.3％，Mo 0.05-0.3％，Ti 0.05-0.3％，余量为Fe；其中的Co、Cu、Al、Ti、Mo的添加能够获得了较细的晶粒组织，改善了磁体的塑性、韧性；通过添加高熔点元素和低熔点元素，低熔点元素先在晶间溶解，液相在溶解过程中发生物理和化学性能变化，提高了高熔点元素在液相中的溶解性，使之在晶间区域均匀分布，而高熔点元素能阻碍晶粒的长大，细化晶粒，从而使磁体的强韧性得到提高。在磁体中添加Al、Nb、Ti等元素后，由于晶粒细化，获得了具有较高冲击韧性的烧结NdFeB磁体。
2.本发明的配方中，通过PrNd合金中Nd的占有量为1-5％的控制，Nb元素可以细化晶粒，Nb元素在硬磁相中溶解度很小，很容易形成沉淀质点，抑制晶粒长大，从而提高磁体冲击韧性。
3.本发明的方法简单易于操作，特别是其中回火阶段和温度的控制，能有效提高产物的韧性。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细地说明，但不仅限于以下实施 例。
实施例1
该永磁材料由以下重量百分比的各个组分组成：PrNd：26％，Gd5.5％，Ga 0.1％，B0.95％，Co0.80％，Al 0.60％，Cu 0.25％，Mo0.20％，Ti 0.20％，余量为Fe。
本发明上述的PrNd为PrNd合金，其中的Nd的占有量为1％。
本发明还提供一种上述钕铁硼永磁材料的制备方法，制备步骤为：
(1)按钕铁硼磁体的组成成分以及质量百分比配比原料并进行熔炼，熔炼完全后浇注、冷却成甩带片；
(2)将上述得到的甩带进行氢碎和气流磨，制成粉料；
(3)将上述粉料在惰性气体保护下放入成型压机模具中加磁场进行取向，取向后压制成型；
(4)将上述成型后得到的生坯放入烧结炉中在高温下进行烧结，然后进行回火，得到钕铁硼磁体坯体
本发明步骤(1)的熔炼为真空熔炼，真空度为0.2Pa；甩带片的厚度为0.3mm；
本发明步骤(2)氢破碎后进行4-8h的脱氢，然后用气流磨将粉体粒径磨到3微米；然后将抗氧化剂加入粉体中混料，混好之后再8T的脉冲磁场中垂直取向压成坯块；
本发明步骤(4)中的烧结为：放入RVS-300真空烧结炉中烧结，烧结温度为1060-1120℃，烧结时间60min；
发明步骤(4)中的回火为：将炉内抽真空至2Pa，然后升高炉温至350℃，保温1h；然后升温至600℃，保温1h；然后炉温升高至1000℃，保温4h；然后随炉冷却。
实施例2
该永磁材料由以下重量百分比的各个组分组成：PrNd：20-28％，Gd 4-6％，Ga0.1-0.15％，B：0.6-1.0％，Co 0.8-1.2％，Al 0.5-0.8％，Cu 0.05-0.3％，Mo 0.05-0.3％，Ti0.05-0.3％，余量为Fe。
方法同实施例1。
本发明制备的样品，性能检测如表1所示：
表1 实施例样品性能检测
从上述检测数据可知，本发明具有磁性强且稳定，同时韧性高的优点。

Claims (8)

1.一种钕铁硼永磁材料，其特征在于：该永磁材料由以下重量百分比的各个组分组成：PrNd 15-30％，Gd 3-6％，Ga 0.05-0.15％，B 0.5-1.2％，Co 0.6-1.2％，Al 0.3-0.8％，Cu0.05-0.3％，Mo 0.05-0.3％，Ti 0.05-0.3％，余量为Fe。
2.根据权利要求1所述的钕铁硼永磁材料，其特征在于：所述的钕铁硼永磁材料，该永磁材料由以下重量百分比的各个组分组成：PrNd 20-28％，Gd 4-6％，Ga 0.1-0.15％，B0.6-1.0％，Co 0.8-1.2％，Al 0.5-0.8％，Cu 0.05-0.3％，Mo 0.05-0.3％，Ti 0.05-0.3％，余量为Fe。
3.根据权利要求1所述的钕铁硼永磁材料，其特征在于：所述的PrNd为PrNd合金，其中的Nd的占有量为1-5％。
4.一种钕铁硼永磁材料的制备方法，其特征在于：制备步骤为：
(1)按钕铁硼磁体的组成成分以及质量百分比配比原料并进行熔炼，熔炼完全后浇注、冷却成甩带片；
(2)将上述得到的甩带进行氢碎和气流磨，制成粉料；
(3)将上述粉料在惰性气体保护下放入成型压机模具中加磁场进行取向，取向后压制成型；
(4)将上述成型后得到的生坯放入烧结炉中在高温下进行烧结，然后进行回火，得到钕铁硼磁体坯体。
5.根据权利要求4所述的钕铁硼永磁材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)的熔炼为真空熔炼，真空度为0.05-0.2Pa；甩带片的厚度为0.1-0.3mm。
6.根据权利要求4所述的钕铁硼永磁材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(2)氢破碎后进行4-8h的脱氢，然后用气流磨将粉体粒径磨到3-5微米。
7.根据权利要求4所述的钕铁硼永磁材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(4)中的烧结为：放入RVS-300真空烧结炉中烧结，烧结温度为1060-1120℃，烧结时间40-100min。
8.根据权利要求4所述的钕铁硼永磁材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(4)中的回火为：将炉内抽真空至1-5Pa，然后升高炉温至300-450℃，保温0.5-1.5h；然后升温至500-650℃，保温0.5-1.5h；然后炉温升高至950-1100℃，保温3-5h；然后随炉冷却。
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CN106128671A (zh) * 2016-06-16 2016-11-16 宁波雄海稀土速凝技术有限公司 高性能钕铁硼永磁材料及其制备方法
CN110335733A (zh) * 2019-06-05 2019-10-15 宁波合力磁材技术有限公司 一种耐高温的钕铁硼磁体及其制备方法
CN111081444A (zh) * 2019-12-31 2020-04-28 厦门钨业股份有限公司 R-t-b系烧结磁体及其制备方法
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