CN106147081A - 一种高韧性聚氯乙烯复合板材的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高韧性聚氯乙烯复合板材的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106147081A
CN106147081A CN201610650691.9A CN201610650691A CN106147081A CN 106147081 A CN106147081 A CN 106147081A CN 201610650691 A CN201610650691 A CN 201610650691A CN 106147081 A CN106147081 A CN 106147081A
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袁春华
邹宇帆
许博伟
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Foshan Shunde District Ying Run Da Plastic Products Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高韧性聚氯乙烯复合板材的制备方法,属于聚氯乙烯板材制备技术领域。本发明取小麦淀粉和成面团,在去离子水中多次揉搓、抽滤得小麦湿面筋,再在碱性条件下,加入乙酸酐改性,离心得改性湿面筋,经二次液氮冷冻、碾压、风干制得改性面筋短纤,与聚氯乙烯树脂混合,经塑化、硫化、压制制得高韧性聚氯乙烯复合板材的方法。本发明的有益效果是:本发明制备步骤简单,原料廉价易得,所得产品韧性好,易加工;充分利用小麦淀粉制得改性面筋短纤,复合聚氯乙烯树脂制得聚氯乙烯复合板材,针对性强,有效解决了其受冲击时极易脆裂问题。

Description

一种高韧性聚氯乙烯复合板材的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高韧性聚氯乙烯复合板材的制备方法,属于化学建材制备技术领域。
背景技术
聚氯乙烯(PVC),是氯乙烯单体在过氧化物、偶氮化合物等引发剂;或在光、热作用下按自由基聚合反应机理聚合而成的聚合物。聚氯乙烯是一种产量大,综合性能优良的通用树脂,其中60%用于聚氯乙烯化学建材。化学建材的大量推广和使用,PVC硬质制品的使用比例不断提高,尤其是管材、板材和型材等化学建材需求量迅速增大,因此,研究高强高韧PVC材料以适应化学建材健康稳定发展具有重要的意义,PVC建材不仅能大量代替钢材木材,替代传统建筑材料,而且还具有节能节材、保护生态、改善居住环境、提高建筑功能与质量、降低建筑自重、施工便捷等优越性。目前化学建筑材料的用量每年以10%的速度递增,市场年需求量大。化学建材作为PVC应用的主要发展方向,要求其具有更高的使用性能:高强度、高模量和高韧性以及耐温性能等。但聚氯乙烯树脂作为化学建材使用具有明显的缺陷:抗冲击性较差,纯硬质PVC制品属于硬脆性材料;特别是低温韧性差,降低温度时迅速变硬变脆,受冲击时极易脆裂;软质PVC的增塑剂迁移性较大,使用过程中小分子的增塑剂容易逸出,导致制品脆裂;热稳定性差,在较低温度下开始明显分解、降解;难加工,未添加增塑剂的聚氯乙烯熔体粘度大,流动性差。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题:针对目前聚氯乙烯制备板材,抗冲击性差、受冲击时脆裂,韧性差,且不易加工的弊端,提供了一种取小麦淀粉和成面团,在去离子水中多次揉搓、抽滤得小麦湿面筋,再在碱性条件下,加入乙酸酐改性,离心得改性湿面筋,经二次液氮冷冻、碾压、风干制得改性面筋短纤,与聚氯乙烯树脂混合,经塑化、硫化、压制制得高韧性聚氯乙烯复合板材的方法。本发明制备步骤简单,所得产品易加工,充分利用小麦淀粉制得改性面筋短纤,复合聚氯乙烯树脂制得聚氯乙烯复合板材,有效解决了其受冲击时极易脆裂,韧性差问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下所述的技术方案是:
(1)称取小麦淀粉400~500g,加入300~400mL去离子水,经人工和成面团,于温度为20~25℃条件下,静置60~80min,再将面团转入盛有1~2L去离子水的塑料盆中,经人工揉搓10~12min,抽滤,除去滤液,收集滤饼,将滤饼转入盛有1~2L去离子水的塑料盆中,继续人工揉搓10~12min,抽滤,除去滤液,如此反复6~8次,得小麦湿面筋;
(2)称取50~60g上述所得小麦湿面筋,加入盛有400~500mL去离子水的烧杯中,滴加浓度为1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液,调节pH至8.2~8.4,随后将烧杯转入水浴磁力搅拌器中,于温度为32~38℃,转速为500~600r/min条件下,恒温搅拌混合15~20min,再加入8~12g乙酸酐,继续恒温搅拌反应60~100min,离心分离,收集下层沉淀物,得改性湿面筋;
(3)将上述所得改性湿面筋用纱布包裹后,浸入液氮中冷冻30~40s,取出,以3~5MPa压力将冷冻后的改性湿面筋人工碾压成碎末,再次用纱布将其包裹,浸入液氮中冷冻25~30s,取出,以4~6MPa压力将纱布中碎末经人工碾压成短纤,再将所得短纤置于室温下自然风干8~10h,得改性面筋短纤;
(4)按重量份数计,依次取100~120份聚氯乙烯树脂和8~10份上述所得改性面筋短纤,加入混料机中,于转速为1500~1800r/min条件下高速混合10~15min,再将混料机中物料转入双辊筒炼塑机中,于168~172℃条件下混料塑化10~15min,再将炼塑机中物料转入平板硫化机,于温度为190~200℃,系统压力为14~15MPa条件下,压制成4~6mm厚板材,待自然冷却至室温,即得高韧性聚氯乙烯复合板材。
本发明制得的高韧性聚氯乙烯复合板材拉强度60.25~65.45MPa,耐冲击强度50.5~62.5MPa,断裂伸长率86.2~92.6%,杨氏模量为3628~3712MPa,热导率2.1~2.3kW/m·K。
本发明与其他方法相比,有益技术效果是:
(1)本发明制备步骤简单,材料廉价易得,所得产品韧性好,易加工;
(2)充分利用小麦淀粉制得改性面筋短纤,复合聚氯乙烯树脂制得聚氯乙烯复合板材,针对性强,有效解决了其受冲击时极易脆裂问题。
具体实施方式
首先称取小麦淀粉400~500g,加入300~400mL去离子水,经人工和成面团,于温度为20~25℃条件下,静置60~80min,再将面团转入盛有1~2L去离子水的塑料盆中,经人工揉搓10~12min,抽滤,除去滤液,收集滤饼,将滤饼转入盛有1~2L去离子水的塑料盆中,继续人工揉搓10~12min,抽滤,除去滤液,如此反复6~8次,得小麦湿面筋;然后称取50~60g上述所得小麦湿面筋,加入盛有400~500mL去离子水的烧杯中,滴加浓度为1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液,调节pH至8.2~8.4,随后将烧杯转入水浴磁力搅拌器中,于温度为32~38℃,转速为500~600r/min条件下,恒温搅拌混合15~20min,再加入8~12g乙酸酐,继续恒温搅拌反应60~100min,离心分离,收集下层沉淀物,得改性湿面筋;将上述所得改性湿面筋用纱布包裹后,浸入液氮中冷冻30~40s,取出,以3~5MPa压力将冷冻后的改性湿面筋人工碾压成碎末,再次用纱布将其包裹,浸入液氮中冷冻25~30s,取出,以4~6MPa压力将纱布中碎末经人工碾压成短纤,再将所得短纤置于室温下自然风干8~10h,得改性面筋短纤;最后按重量份数计,依次取100~120份聚氯乙烯树脂和8~10份上述所得改性面筋短纤,加入混料机中,于转速为1500~1800r/min条件下高速混合10~15min,再将混料机中物料转入双辊筒炼塑机中,于168~172℃条件下混料塑化10~15min,再将炼塑机中物料转入平板硫化机,于温度为190~200℃,系统压力为14~15MPa条件下,压制成4~6mm厚板材,待自然冷却至室温,即得高韧性聚氯乙烯复合板材。
实例1
首先称取小麦淀粉400g,加入300mL去离子水,经人工和成面团,于温度为20℃条件下,静置60min,再将面团转入盛有1L去离子水的塑料盆中,经人工揉搓10min,抽滤,除去滤液,收集滤饼,将滤饼转入盛有1L去离子水的塑料盆中,继续人工揉搓10min,抽滤,除去滤液,如此反复6次,得小麦湿面筋;然后称取50g上述所得小麦湿面筋,加入盛有400mL去离子水的烧杯中,滴加浓度为1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液,调节pH至8.2,随后将烧杯转入水浴磁力搅拌器中,于温度为32℃,转速为500r/min条件下,恒温搅拌混合15min,再加入8g乙酸酐,继续恒温搅拌反应60min,离心分离,收集下层沉淀物,得改性湿面筋;将上述所得改性湿面筋用纱布包裹后,浸入液氮中冷冻30s,取出,以3MPa压力将冷冻后的改性湿面筋人工碾压成碎末,再次用纱布将其包裹,浸入液氮中冷冻25s,取出,以4MPa压力将纱布中碎末经人工碾压成短纤,再将所得短纤置于室温下自然风干8h,得改性面筋短纤;最后按重量份数计,依次取100份聚氯乙烯树脂和8份上述所得改性面筋短纤,加入混料机中,于转速为1500r/min条件下高速混合10min,再将混料机中物料转入双辊筒炼塑机中,于168℃条件下混料塑化10min,再将炼塑机中物料转入平板硫化机,于温度为190℃,系统压力为14MPa条件下,压制成4mm厚板材,待自然冷却至室温,即得高韧性聚氯乙烯复合板材。本发明制备步骤简单,所得产品韧性好,易加工;充分利用小麦淀粉制得改性面筋短纤,复合聚氯乙烯树脂制得聚氯乙烯复合板材,针对性强,有效解决了其受冲击时极易脆裂问题;制得的高韧性聚氯乙烯复合板材拉强度60.25MPa,耐冲击强度50.5MPa,断裂伸长率86.2%,杨氏模量为3628MPa,热导率2.1kW/m·K。
实例2
首先称取小麦淀粉450g,加入350mL去离子水,经人工和成面团,于温度为23℃条件下,静置70min,再将面团转入盛有2L去离子水的塑料盆中,经人工揉搓11min,抽滤,除去滤液,收集滤饼,将滤饼转入盛有2L去离子水的塑料盆中,继续人工揉搓11min,抽滤,除去滤液,如此反复7次,得小麦湿面筋;然后称取55g上述所得小麦湿面筋,加入盛有450mL去离子水的烧杯中,滴加浓度为1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液,调节pH至8.3,随后将烧杯转入水浴磁力搅拌器中,于温度为35℃,转速为550r/min条件下,恒温搅拌混合18min,再加入10g乙酸酐,继续恒温搅拌反应80min,离心分离,收集下层沉淀物,得改性湿面筋;将上述所得改性湿面筋用纱布包裹后,浸入液氮中冷冻35s,取出,以4MPa压力将冷冻后的改性湿面筋人工碾压成碎末,再次用纱布将其包裹,浸入液氮中冷冻28s,取出,以5MPa压力将纱布中碎末经人工碾压成短纤,再将所得短纤置于室温下自然风干9h,得改性面筋短纤;最后按重量份数计,依次取110份聚氯乙烯树脂和9份上述所得改性面筋短纤,加入混料机中,于转速为1650r/min条件下高速混合13min,再将混料机中物料转入双辊筒炼塑机中,于170℃条件下混料塑化13min,再将炼塑机中物料转入平板硫化机,于温度为195℃,系统压力为15MPa条件下,压制成5mm厚板材,待自然冷却至室温,即得高韧性聚氯乙烯复合板材。本发明制备步骤简单,所得产品韧性好,易加工;充分利用小麦淀粉制得改性面筋短纤,复合聚氯乙烯树脂制得聚氯乙烯复合板材,针对性强,有效解决了其受冲击时极易脆裂问题;制得的高韧性聚氯乙烯复合板材拉强度61.85MPa,耐冲击强度56.5MPa,断裂伸长率89.4%,杨氏模量为3670MPa,热导率2.2kW/m·K。
实例3
首先称取小麦淀粉500g,加入400mL去离子水,经人工和成面团,于温度为25℃条件下,静置80min,再将面团转入盛有2L去离子水的塑料盆中,经人工揉搓12min,抽滤,除去滤液,收集滤饼,将滤饼转入盛有2L去离子水的塑料盆中,继续人工揉搓12min,抽滤,除去滤液,如此反复8次,得小麦湿面筋;然后称取60g上述所得小麦湿面筋,加入盛有500mL去离子水的烧杯中,滴加浓度为1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液,调节pH至8.4,随后将烧杯转入水浴磁力搅拌器中,于温度为38℃,转速为600r/min条件下,恒温搅拌混合20min,再加入12g乙酸酐,继续恒温搅拌反应100min,离心分离,收集下层沉淀物,得改性湿面筋;将上述所得改性湿面筋用纱布包裹后,浸入液氮中冷冻40s,取出,以5MPa压力将冷冻后的改性湿面筋人工碾压成碎末,再次用纱布将其包裹,浸入液氮中冷冻30s,取出,以6MPa压力将纱布中碎末经人工碾压成短纤,再将所得短纤置于室温下自然风干10h,得改性面筋短纤;最后按重量份数计,依次取120份聚氯乙烯树脂和10份上述所得改性面筋短纤,加入混料机中,于转速为1800r/min条件下高速混合15min,再将混料机中物料转入双辊筒炼塑机中,于172℃条件下混料塑化15min,再将炼塑机中物料转入平板硫化机,于温度为200℃,系统压力为15MPa条件下,压制成6mm厚板材,待自然冷却至室温,即得高韧性聚氯乙烯复合板材。本发明制备步骤简单,所得产品韧性好,易加工;充分利用小麦淀粉制得改性面筋短纤,复合聚氯乙烯树脂制得聚氯乙烯复合板材,针对性强,有效解决了其受冲击时极易脆裂问题;制得的高韧性聚氯乙烯复合板材拉强度65.45MPa,耐冲击强度62.5MPa,断裂伸长率92.6%,杨氏模量为3712MPa,热导率2.3kW/m·K。

Claims (1)

1.一种高韧性聚氯乙烯复合板材的制备方法,其特征在于具体制备步骤为:
(1)称取小麦淀粉400~500g,加入300~400mL去离子水,经人工和成面团,于温度为20~25℃条件下,静置60~80min,再将面团转入盛有1~2L去离子水的塑料盆中,经人工揉搓10~12min,抽滤,除去滤液,收集滤饼,将滤饼转入盛有1~2L去离子水的塑料盆中,继续人工揉搓10~12min,抽滤,除去滤液,如此反复6~8次,得小麦湿面筋;
(2)称取50~60g上述所得小麦湿面筋,加入盛有400~500mL去离子水的烧杯中,滴加浓度为1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液,调节pH至8.2~8.4,随后将烧杯转入水浴磁力搅拌器中,于温度为32~38℃,转速为500~600r/min条件下,恒温搅拌混合15~20min,再加入8~12g乙酸酐,继续恒温搅拌反应60~100min,离心分离,收集下层沉淀物,得改性湿面筋;
(3)将上述所得改性湿面筋用纱布包裹后,浸入液氮中冷冻30~40s,取出,以3~5MPa压力将冷冻后的改性湿面筋人工碾压成碎末,再次用纱布将其包裹,浸入液氮中冷冻25~30s,取出,以4~6MPa压力将纱布中碎末经人工碾压成短纤,再将所得短纤置于室温下自然风干8~10h,得改性面筋短纤;
(4)按重量份数计,依次取100~120份聚氯乙烯树脂和8~10份上述所得改性面筋短纤,加入混料机中,于转速为1500~1800r/min条件下高速混合10~15min,再将混料机中物料转入双辊筒炼塑机中,于168~172℃条件下混料塑化10~15min,再将炼塑机中物料转入平板硫化机,于温度为190~200℃,系统压力为14~15MPa条件下,压制成4~6mm厚板材,待自然冷却至室温,即得高韧性聚氯乙烯复合板材。
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