CN106132693A - 阶梯式中间层（层压公差补偿片） - Google Patents

阶梯式中间层（层压公差补偿片） Download PDF

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CN106132693A
CN106132693A CN201580014865.6A CN201580014865A CN106132693A CN 106132693 A CN106132693 A CN 106132693A CN 201580014865 A CN201580014865 A CN 201580014865A CN 106132693 A CN106132693 A CN 106132693A
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chip component
sheet
intermediate layer
thickness
binding agent
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克里斯托夫·马丁
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George Martin Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明从总体上涉及阶梯式中间层（层压公差补偿片），其具有可通过拆分层进行调节的厚度，用于调节用于机械结构的元件。

Description

阶梯式中间层（层压公差补偿片）
技术领域
本发明从总体上涉及阶梯式中间层（层压公差补偿片），其具有可通过拆分层进行调节的厚度，用于调节用于机械结构的元件。
具体而言，在第一个实施方案中，本发明涉及一种具有通过拆分层可调节厚度的阶梯式中间层（层压公差补偿片），其中该产品包括一种任选的片状元件（平板材料片）的交替分层和任选的粘结材料层。
背景技术
这些所谓的可剥离材料在复杂的机械结构中被广泛用作厚度垫片，特别是在航空航天领域。这些结构可能包括数百或者甚至数千个部分，其中每一部分都有它自己的尺寸公差。这些公差的总和创造发挥，在某些情况下，可以是相当大的，几毫米，对其有必要进行补偿，以确保机械结构的正常运作。
为此，金属或高分子材料的中间层（调节元件）被使用，其通常是可剥离的。这些可剥离的中间层（垫片）由薄片组成，这些薄片之间用胶水被层叠成一个更大或更小的厚度，以及被加工以适应所需调节项目的外部轮廓。调节是通过剥离出这些层中的一层或多层并在确定存在发挥的地方插入中间层（垫片）以减少中间层（垫片）的厚度来实现的。
EP 667 233 A描述了可剥离的中间层（调节元件）包括多个片状元件（平板材料片），在任意两个片状元件之间插有粘结层。所述片状元件（平板材料片）是由金属或任选的塑料制成的。
US 4526641 A描述了一种由通过相似类型的粘结剂粘结在一起的热固性片状元件（平板材料片）的分层组成的中间层（垫片），其特征在于，具有板内的粘结力。
DE 602 08 922 T2涉及一种具有可以通过剥离来调节厚度的层压制品（中间层），其制备方法及用其生产垫片的应用。为了这个目的，该产品具有平板材料片（片状元件）和粘结材料层交替分层的特点，其中每个平板材料片（片状元件）具有内在的抗撕裂性，每一层粘结材料层在一堆的平板材料片中通过结合力连接两个平板材料片（片状元件）使其相邻于彼此，该结合力弱于平板材料片（片状元件）的抗撕裂性，从而使每个平板材料片（片状元件）可以从堆栈中分离而不被撕裂。这种产品的基本特征在于，平板材料片（片状元件）基本上是由编织纤维制成的，并且相邻于同一普通粘合剂层的每一对平板材料片（片状元件）在其整个厚度上用大量的粘结剂材料浸渍，形成一个具有普通粘结剂层的单元。在这方面，此文件的全部公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
吉赛和拉米赫公司提出中间层（层压公差补偿片），其具有两种不同厚度和可区分颜色的片状元件（平板材料片）。
现有技术文献的共同之处在于，在一个特定的系统中，单张片状元件（平板材料片）在整个区域具有相同的厚度，不论它们是由金属，聚合物片材或是织物制成的。具有第二厚度的多个片状元件（平板材料片）与具有第一厚度的多个片状元件（平板材料片）的组合，仅能通过高额的成本制得。然而，斜向运行间隙只能被不充分的均匀补偿。
发明内容
在这方面，本发明的第一个目的在于提供梯田式或阶梯式中间层（层压公差补偿片），以消除在非平行间隙中的上述问题。
在第一个实施例中，上述目的通过一个用于公差补偿的具有几个单张片材的层压中间层来实现，其特征在于，
各个单张片材被分离成单个的肋状表面元件，表面元件的分离垂直于片材的平面，其中最下层单张片材的下侧用盖片层压在其整个区域，以书脊的形式延伸到最上层单张片材的顶侧，被粘结在其整个区域或部分。
附图说明
图1以示意性的方式描述了一种用于公差补偿的具有孔2a，2b 2b定位的层压中间层的下侧，可沿虚线细分为单张的阶梯式表面元件3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3b, 3f, 3g, 3h, 3i和3j，或者可以是一个整体。
图2示出了单张表面元件4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4f, 4g, 4h, 4i 和4j。这些都是根据图1在分离块的基础上确定的，或者基于之后对单张片材的切割。因此，表面元件4a, 4b,4c, 4d, 4f, 4g, 4h, 4i 和4j的分离垂直于片状元件的平面进行。
图3示出了片材/表面元件4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4f, 4g, 4h, 4i 和4j层叠有盖片5，其以书脊的形式从表面元件3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3b, 3f, 3g, 3h, 3i 和3j的下侧延伸到最上层单张片材的顶侧，被粘结在其全部区域或部分。
图4通过黑色边界线和单张片材示出了用于公差补偿的层压中间层的书样设计。
图5示出了图4的V部分的放大图，其中片材3f和4f的显示区域由盖片5覆盖。盖片5稳定所述叠片。
具体实施方式
如果将盖片从单张片材4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4f, 4g, 4h, 4i 和4j上移除，单张片材的单个表面元件可以被移除，从而可以实现例如阶梯式或梯田式排列。移除后，例如，通过剥离或脱落，从而可以得到梯田式或阶梯式的中间层。然后，用于装配，盖片5可再次被应用到单张片材4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4f, 4g, 4h, 4i 和 4的最上层，并与其粘结。
根据本发明的层压中间层的单张片材包括具有0.1毫米到0.025毫米厚度的公差补偿。然而，单张片材的任何其他厚度也可以被提供，所有这些都不需要一定有相同的厚度。
根据本发明，特别优选的是单张片材之间彼此相粘结，并且优选的是盖片5在其整个区域或部分与最上层或最下层的单张片材相粘结。
在实践中，往往发现，如果中间层（公差补偿中间层）用在两个弯曲组件之间，表面元件之间的全区域粘结可能是不利的。此外，当单张片状元件被剥离时，全区域粘结可能偶尔是不利的，因为通常将不得不使用一种工具。在某种程度上，进一步的不利在于在金属中间层（公差补偿中间层）中的脱层卷曲并立即成为废品，从而代表一种风险，即如果太多次被抽出，整个中间层将可能成为废品。
根据本发明，该缺点可以通过提供一种具有厚度的中间层来克服，其厚度可通过片状元件层的拆分层来调节，其中每个片状元件由相同厚度的薄膜组成，以及片状元件具有相同的或不同的厚度且片状元件3e, 3g 和4e 和 4j通过它们的前侧（书脊粘结）用粘结剂被部分地或完全地粘结在一起。
具有不同或相同厚度片状元件的这些中间层的另一个有利的实施例可以通过提供在相互平放的片状元件的部分区域中具有粘结剂的产品来实现。
所有粘结方法的共同之处在于它们是可分离的或可移动的。
如图1，将片状元件4a至4应用到一种柔性和可弯曲的基板可以证明用于结构的曲面是有利的。此外，在应用中，每当两个曲面必须保持距离，该部分粘结可以实现对曲面的柔性半径设计。另外，不同类型的材料可以与各种对应用有利的特性粘结在一起，如：避免接触腐蚀，引入滑动层，整合较厚片状元件（内部材料片），其中采用了刚性和更高的压力强度并通过减少层数提供了在成本上的优势。
特别是，在没有坚实的较厚核芯的中间层中实现压缩刚性的提高可以是非常有利的，例如，从一种与几个薄层的组合的多层结构，比如，2毫米=六倍0.3毫米加两倍0.1毫米，因为中间层的结构不需要在固相分数的高度计算最小距离。因此，可以实现具有高压缩刚性的节省空间的全层压结构。特别是在现有结构的改善，例如，提供间隔元件的地方仍然必须是接地的，之后引入公差中间层，这可以成为节省空间的优势。
根据该方法的一个有利的实施例，用于提供具有粘结剂的片状元件的方法可通过雾化，通过采用手动滚轴的方式，通过在“偏移”型的机器上打印，或通过浸渍来实现。
根据本发明的一个实施例，粘结剂是一种合成橡胶和/或树脂，例如，任选的水性丙烯酸酯、环氧树脂、苯酚、乙烯基酯或聚乙烯基酯，其通过聚合方法将片状元件粘结在一起。
根据本发明的产品的一个有利的实施例，该橡胶和/或树脂可以设有添加剂，以形成粘结剂，这样的添加剂作为固化剂和/或稀释剂用于改变粘结剂的粘度。
根据本发明的产品的一个有利的实施例，在聚合方法之前,该粘结剂可以包含产品体积的40%到60%。
根据本发明的产品的一个有利的实施例，该树脂可以设有添加剂，以形成粘结剂，这种添加剂作为固化剂和/或稀释剂用于改变粘粘剂的粘度。
根据本发明的产品的一个有利的实施例，相邻的片状元件（平板材料片）之间的附着力通过在粘结剂中相比树脂的量增加稀释剂的量而减少。
根据本发明的产品的一个有利的实施例，在聚合方法之前,该添加剂可包含粘结剂体积的50％以上。
根据本发明的中间层（层压公差补偿片）是一种时间和成本优化的可替代已知的用于非平行间隙的低厚度中间层。自然地，相同总厚度的中间层（层压公差补偿片）的制备取决于单张片状元件（平板材料片）的数量。越多片状元件（平板材料片）被包含在相同的总层厚度，单张片状元件（平板材料片）不得不被相应地设计的越薄，当单张片状元件（平板材料片）具有较低的厚度时，这将导致更高的成本。
对于片状元件（平板材料片）的某些非常低厚度，可以用手指代替工具来剥离它们，因此，这也被认为是一个有关片材处理的优势。这是通过由生产商预先在成品的薄片状元件的一侧部分剥离片状元件的小片来实现的。因此，这为用户服务作为一种“手指抬”在没有工具时用于开始剥离这一侧。同时，所述薄片状元件也可以与较厚的片状元件区分，因为所述预先剥离只在薄侧根据设定来实现。此外，这种区分通过印刷光学标记提供支持，例如，在手指抬的一侧，三条平行线。
根据本发明更优选地，片状元件为金属箔，聚合物片，纤维复合材料，由纤维制成的机织织物和/或无纺织物，基本上是玻璃，碳，陶瓷或芳族聚酰胺纤维或不同材料的混合物。这些可以彼此任意组合。优选地，提供具有至少两种具有不同厚度的片状元件的中间层。根据本发明更优选地，第一种片状元件的厚度与第二种片状元件的厚度之比为10：2至10：7，特别是10：5，即，单个片状元件的厚度为另一片状元件的一半。例如，可以提供厚度为0.05毫米的第一种片状元件，而第二种片状元件（平板材料片）的厚度为0.025毫米（10：5）。因此，当中间层（层压公差补偿片）被相应地应用时，有可能在一个给定的时间，实现0.05毫米或0.025毫米的公差补偿。
通过薄层和厚层厚度的组合，可能在希望使用复合材料（聚合物或纤维复合材料）即使是非常低的调节区间的情况下是特别技术娴熟的，当复合材料被应用时其具有高灵活性的缺点。根据本发明的实施例，例如，复合材料层的通常厚度，现在可以用非常薄的层组合，以形成少于0.050毫米的金属箔。优点是基于薄的复合材料层的刚度越来越由相对柔性树脂作为厚度减小的影响的效果。
根据本发明，两个片状元件之间的表面没有被完全覆盖有粘合剂可能是必要的，因为在现有技术中其已经是常规的。如果在目前的情况下，被设定为一个片状元件的表面上仅有10〜50％被粘合剂所覆盖，这意味着，片状元件的其余区域自由地平放在另一个片状元件上而没有粘结接触。在这些领域中的自由流动性使单个片状元件特别容易分离，且不使用工具，只用手指分离。在非通用现有产品中，这个基本原则已在可粘便笺（便利贴®）的生产中被实现。然而，根据本发明，尽管有可能，将片状元件的前侧结合在一起也并不是必需的。
没有在片状元件之间在单个斑点上施用粘结剂，当片状元件被压到一起时，其自然会相应地增加，当然也可以将粘结剂施用在大量的小斑点上，以形成这些斑点的栅格状排列。这种栅格状排列可延伸遍及单张片状元件的表面上，然而，在其中观察如上所述的表面覆盖范围是很有必要的。然而，另一方面，也可能将粘结剂的栅格状排列限定在特定的预定区域内。
根据本发明实施例的另一个优点在于以下事实：剥离的中间层可以重复使用。特别是在金属层压中间层中，这一事实不容忽视，因为“太多”剥离因此不能实现，因为剥离层保持其形状，而不是蜷缩起来成为废品。因此，无论如何，这可能使正常处理的废品的量也减少了。这里非常赞成“一个组件”的解决方案 ，因为废品不必考虑。
一种制备具有总厚度的中间层的方法，在分层过程中可通过拆分层来调节总厚度，其中，片状元件的交替分层和任选的粘结剂被形成，其特征在于，选取第一和第二片状元件的厚度，以及第一厚度的至少一个第一片状元件在其至少一个表面上被部分或全部设有粘结剂，任选地进行加压，第二片状元件被放置在粘结剂表面上，任选地进行加压，类似于第一片状元件，将现在第二片状元件的暴露表面设有粘结剂，并且重复这些处理步骤，直到达到中间层的总厚度，其中，在重复步骤中，采用（百搭片）第二厚度的片状元件（片）代替第一厚度的片状元件。
在采用机织织物代替片材的情况下，该方法还包括机织织物被选作片状元件并在其整个表面和厚度用粘结剂浸渍的分层过程。
另一种制备具有总厚度的中间层的方法，在类似于书脊具有粘结剂的片状元件的分层的前侧的过程中可通过拆分层来调节总厚度，任选地在粗糙化过程之后。然后，在第二步骤中，粘结剂被固化。或者，也可以将片状元件的松散的或压缩分层浸入到粘结剂浴中，或着用粘结剂在片状元件的前侧进行喷涂。
因此，具有不同的，但也有相同厚度的片状元件的中间层，只在片状元件的部分区域具有粘结剂，这只影响片状元件的外围，即前侧。
本发明的所有实施例的共同之处在于它们也可以包含变体，所述中间层在中间层（百搭片）的一个表面上可以只有一个具有较小厚度的片状元件（片）。
根据另一个实施例，本发明涉及用于非平行间隙的机械结构的可剥离的调节元件。
因此，特别优选的是以最终产品的形式切割或冲压单张片状元件（层），以使准确地将它们彼此层叠。接着，将层固定，然后，将预前设定的前侧/周缘设有粘结剂。该粘结剂应具有足够的弹性，以提供用于低使用面积的机械强度，并抵制来自装卸和运输的冲击。

Claims (6)

1. 一种用于公差补偿的具有多个单张片材的层压中间层，其特征在于，
各个单张片材被分离成单个的状肋表面元件，表面元件的分离垂直于片材的平面，其中
最下层的单张片材的下侧用盖片层压在其整个区域，以书脊的形式延伸到最上层单张片材的顶侧，被粘结在其整个区域或部分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中间层，其特征在于，所述单张片材具有0.1毫米-0.025毫米的厚度。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的中间层，其特征在于，所述单张片材彼此之间，以及盖片与最上层和/或最下层的单张片材之间，被粘结在其整个区域或部分。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的中间层，其特征在于，所述盖片和单张片材具有一个或多个全等的孔。
5. 一种制备权利要求1-4任一项所述的中间层的方法，其特征在于，提供一个在其一侧设有粘结剂的盖片，第一片状元件铺设在粘结剂区域，任选地进行压制，第一片状元件的暴露表面在其暴露表面的整个区域或部分设有粘结剂，第三片状元件铺设在粘结剂区域，任选地进行压制，与第二片状元件类似，在第三片状元件的现有暴露表面设有粘结剂，并且重复这些处理步骤，直到达到中间层的总厚度，其中，任选地采用第二厚度的片状元件（片）代替第一厚度的片状元件，其部分地或完全地被分离成单个的肋状表面元件，并且其中所述盖片以书脊的形式延伸到最上层单张片材的顶侧。
6.一种制备权利要求1-4任一项所述的中间层的方法，其特征在于，任选地，在粗糙化片状元件的任选粘结层的前侧之后，包括第一厚度的片状元件和任选的第二厚度的片状元件（片），其被部分地或完全地分离成单个的肋状表面元件，将前侧设有粘结剂，或将片状元件的松散地或压缩分层浸入到粘结剂浴中，或将片状元件的前侧用粘结剂进行喷涂，以及在第二步骤中，将分层覆盖有一个盖片，其以书脊的形式从第一片状元件的外侧延伸到最上层单张片材的顶侧，并将粘结剂固化。
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