CN1061143C - 一种识别系统 - Google Patents

一种识别系统 Download PDF

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CN1061143C
CN1061143C CN93121410A CN93121410A CN1061143C CN 1061143 C CN1061143 C CN 1061143C CN 93121410 A CN93121410 A CN 93121410A CN 93121410 A CN93121410 A CN 93121410A CN 1061143 C CN1061143 C CN 1061143C
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transponder
signal
interrogator
interrogating
recognition system
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CN1103524A (zh
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M·J·C·马殊
A·伦纳西克
C·A·范赛尔
A·C·范沙尔奎克
M·J·R·奥斯图伊森
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ZIH Corp
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BTG International Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
    • H01Q1/2216—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems used in interrogator/reader equipment
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    • A47F—SPECIAL FURNITURE, FITTINGS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR SHOPS, STOREHOUSES, BARS, RESTAURANTS OR THE LIKE; PAYING COUNTERS
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    • A47F9/047—Arrangement of recording means in or on check-out counters for recording self-service articles without cashier or assistant
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
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    • G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
    • G07C9/28—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass the pass enabling tracking or indicating presence
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G07G1/0045—Checkout procedures with a code reader for reading of an identifying code of the article to be registered, e.g. barcode reader or radio-frequency identity [RFID] reader
    • G07G1/0054—Checkout procedures with a code reader for reading of an identifying code of the article to be registered, e.g. barcode reader or radio-frequency identity [RFID] reader with control of supplementary check-parameters, e.g. weight or number of articles
    • G—PHYSICS
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Abstract

一个识别系统包括一个询问器和若干应答器。询问器包括一个向各应答器发射至少两个独立询问信号的发射器以及用于接收来自应答器的响应信号的接收器。询问器还包括用于从所接收的响应信号中的数据中识别各应答器的处理器装置。每个应答器包括接收装置、代码发生器以及连接到代码发生器的发射器装置。根据接收的至少一个发射的询问信号，应答器发射一个包含识别该应答器的数据的响应信号。询问信号可以连续地或断续地发射。

Description

一种识别系统
本发明涉及一种包含一个询问器和多个应答器的识别系统。
南非专利申请92／0039号介绍了一种包含一个询问器和一些单个应答器的识别系统，这些应答器可以附着到或者联接到所要识别的物品上。所要识别的物品例如可以是在超级市场或库房中存贮的物品。
本发明的一个目的是提高在上述种类的系统中的应答器识别的或然率。
根据本发明要求，一种识别系统，包括一个询问器和多个应答器，
所述询问器包括用于向所述各应答器发射询问信号的发射器装置、用于接收来自所述各应答器的响应信号的接收器装置、以及用于从所述响应信号中的数据识别各应答器的处理器装置；
各应答器包括接收装置、一个代码发生器、以及连接至所述代码发生器的发射装置，使得所述应答器根据所发射的询问信号的接收而发射一个包含有可识别所述应答器的代码的响应信号；
所述询问器适用于使任何应答器禁止，其特征在于，所述询问器发射至少两个断续的询问信号，其具有一个在相继的询问信号之间的、小于一个最小时段的间隔，在该最小时段内，已被禁止的应答器本身自动复位。
这至少两个询问信号具有各自不同的频率，这些频率被选择为落入各应答器的接收装置的接收带宽之内。
最好，这至少两个询问信号是相对窄带宽的信号，各应答器的接收装置具有相对宽的接收带宽，这至少两个询问信号的各自不同的频率落入该接收带宽之内，使得应答器响应于询问信号中的任何一个或多个。
最好，各询问信号被数据进行调制，各询问信号的数据调制带宽小于询问信号的各自不同的频率之间的间隔。
应答器的发射装置可以包括一个天线和用于调制天线的反射率的装置，使得应答器的响应信号包括一个或多个由可识别应答器的数据所调制的询问信号载波。
最好，询问器的发射器装置包括至少两个隔开的发射天线元件，并且接收器装置包括至少两个隔开的接收天线元件。
发射器装置和接收器装置可以包括至少两个隔开的天线单元，各天线单元包括一个发射天线元件和一个相邻的接收天线元件。
各天线元件可以包括一个设计为在800兆赫至1千兆赫之间的一个频率处工作的补片矩阵。
最好，各发射和接收天线元件中的至少两个的极化是彼此不同的。
在本发明另一个实施例中，询问器的发射装置包括一个发射天线元件、用于以各自不同频率产生询问信号的至少第一和第二发射器、以及用于使各发射器的输出交替地接通至发射天线元件的开关装置。
在该实施例中，询问器的接收装置和处理器装置最好适合于辨别来自应答器的响应信号，该响应信号响应于至少第一和第二发射器按各自不同的频率发射的询问信号。
最好，处理器装置适合于检测按照两个或多个各自不同的频率所发射的重复的应答器响应信号并将重复的信号忽略。
询问器的发射器装置和接收器装置可以安装在或者接近于一个结构，该结构限定要识别的各应答器可以通过的一个询问区。
在一个优选实施例中，询问器的发射器装置和接收器装置由一个限定一个通道的机架支承，装有分别附着各应答器的物品的运输工具可以通过该通道。
至少两个询问信号具有各自不同的频率，这些频率最好被选择为使得在询问器的发射器装置的一个预定距离内，询问信号的电场中没有重叠的无效点。
该系统可以包括处理器装置，用于记录所接收的来自各已识别的应答器的数据并将所接收的数据与对应于所接收的数据的已存储数据进行比较。
处理器装置可以适用于存储附着不同的应答器的物品的价格或识别数据，并且适用于处理相关于已识别的应答器的识别码。
该系统可以包含用于产生显示的显示装置，其中分别附着各应答器的物品的说明与价格数据相关。品的说明与价格数据相关。
该系统还可以包含打印装置，用于将显示内容打印输出。
根据本发明的另一个方面，一种询问器，用于识别多个应答器，包括：
所述询问器包括用于向所述各应答器发射询问信号的发射器装置、用于接收来自所述各应答器的响应信号的接收器装置、以及用于从所述响应信号中的数据识别各应答器的处理器装置；
所述询问器适用于使任何应答器禁止，其特征在于，所述询问器的发射器发射至少两个断续的询问信号，其具有一个在相继的询问信号之间的、小于一个最小时段的间隔，在该最小时段内，已被禁止的应答器本身自动复位。
根据本发明的另一个方面，一种识别多个应答器的方法，包括以下步骤：
向所述应答器发射询问信号；
各应答器接收询问信号并发射包含数据的响应信号；
接收来自所述各应答器的响应信号；
从所述响应信号中的数据识别应答器；
对任何应答器的成功识别进行检测；
禁止所述任何应答器，其特征在于，发射至少两个断续的询问信号，其具有一个在相继的询问信号之间的、小于一个最小时段的间隔，在该最小时段内，已被禁止的应答器本身自动复位。
根据本发明的另一个方面，一个识别系统包含一个询问器和多个应答器，询问器包含：用于向各应答器发射具有不同频率的询问信号和禁止信号的发射器装置，用于接收来自各应答器的响应信号的接收装置，以及用于从响应信号中的数据识别应答器的处理器装置；每一个应答器包含：用于接收所发射的询问信号和禁止信号的接收装置，一个代码发生器，以及连接到代码发生器上的发射装置，选择询问信号和禁止信号的各自不同的频率，从而使之落入到应答器的接收装置的接收带宽的范围内，应答器适合于根据所接收的询问信号发射一个包含识别应答器的数据的响应信号，适合于根据对该应答器的成功识别而受到询问信号中的关断指令的禁止使用，并适合于当其连续收到禁止信号时维持被禁止状态。
最好，询问信号是一个相对定向的信号，以及禁止信号是一个相对宽的分散信号。
禁止信号具有的波束宽度最好至少比询问信号大5倍。
最好，询问信号是相对高功率的信号而禁止信号是相对低功率的信号。
对于应答器的关断指令可以以询问信号和禁止信号发射。
图1是介绍作为被反射信号的作用的结果在询问区产生无效点的示意图；
图2是介绍本发明第一实施例的示意图；
图3是介绍利用不同频率的询问信号的效果的示意图；
图4是本发明第二实施例的示意图；
图5是在超级市场检查测试时使用本发明一个具体实施例的示意介绍图；
图6是图5所示系统的天线组合装置的视图；
图7是图6所示天线组合装置的天线单元的示意图；
图8是表示图7所示天线单元的天线元件的幅射图形的示意图；
图9是表示图5和图6所示系统的总的电路的方块示意图；
图10是图9所示的正交接收器／放大器的更详细的方块示意图；
图11是表示在图10中的不同点处的波形的波形示意图；
图12是图5和图6所示的系统所印制的示例性的顾客收据；
图13是本发明的替换实施例的示意介绍图；
图14是介绍图13所示实施例工作的方块示意图。
图1介绍在这样一种识别系统中所产生的问题，该系统是指具有反射表面靠近询问器10和／或询问区时的情况，在该询问区中是准备检测应答器的。从询问器10的天线14直接发射主询问信号12到询问区，与此同时，副询问信号16由反射表面所反射。在距离询问器的某些距离处，直射信号12和反射信号16相位偏离半个波长，从而使得在询问信号的电场中产生一些无效点。这将导致在存在有微弱询问信号的询问区的区域20中，没有足够的射频(RF)能量去驱动应答器。其结果是某些应答器不能被询问器检测到。
图2示意介绍对该问题的第一解决方案。在图2中，询问器10装备第一天线22和第二天线24，它们间隔半个波长远并利用开关装置26对它们进行选择。由于两天线的不同间隔距离，无效点或低功率区20产生在不同的位置。在使用中，询问器10首先连接到天线22上并对询问区中的物品扫描，记录从附着在物品上的各种应答器上接收来的识别码。然后开关装置26将询问器10连接到天线24上并重复上述过程。将在两个询问过程中记录的识别码进行比较，重复的代码被排除。按照这种方式，在询问区中的所有物品都能被识别，尽管它们当中的某一些处在天线22或24的某一个的射频(RF)无效点的部分询问区内。
上述系统适合于每一个物品都具有一个带有唯一识别码的应答器的物品识别。然而在一些场合，许多物品所带有的应答器上具有相同的识别码，这样就不可能利用图2所示系统对各物品的数量进行精确的计数，因为它不可能按照排除重复数据的方式来比较来自第一和第二询问过程所产生的结果。
南非专利申请92／0039号中所介绍的系统，其内容已纳入本文而供参考，它包括一些附着到同种物品上的相同的应答器，使之能够自动地进行盘货。在每一个应答器已经将其存在成功地通知询问器之后，它处于被禁止状态，并使此状态一直维持到由询问信号所产生的RF场已经完全移出为止。很明显，在其询问区中具有密集的RF无效点的系统将不适合于与这种类型的标签配合使用，这由于各个标签可能将无效点不具有功率的情况认为是询问器关断。因此，在成功识别之后已经被禁止的应答器在无效点的位置移动时可能再次接通，这样便提供额外的信号并因此引起不正确的计数。
为了克服这一问题，提供了这样一种询问器，它按照至少两个不同的频率，或者同时或者断续地发射询问信号。例如可以使用750兆赫和915兆赫的频率。选择这些频率以便如图3所示没有任何位置落入对两个频率都存在一个RF无效点的询问区内部。因为各应答器是利用对从询问信号接收来的RF能量进行整流而驱动的，并且因为来自至少一个询问信号的RF能量将存在于询问区中的每一个位置，应答器将连续地维持被驱动状态，并且能够在成功地识别之后，记忆从询问器接收的一个“禁止指令’。
在不同的询问信号并不是全部连续地和同时地被发射的情况下，在依次的发射之间的间隔必须小于某一最小时段，在该最小时段内被禁止的询问器本身自动复位。
因为询问器或者是通过改变其接收天线的反射率，或者通过重新发射用识别码调制的所接收询问信号的某个百分比的能量来调制它们的识别码，所以这一数据对于那些标签将用两个频率传送，这些标签被两个询问信号同时照射，并且在那些应答器处在一个或另一个询问信号的无效点的情况下则仅用一个频率传送。由此，询问器可以识别响应于一个或两个频率的应答器。
图4示意介绍实施本发明该实施例的一种系统。在该系统中，询问器包括一个询问器／控制器单元28，与天线32相联系的第一发射器30与天线36相联系的第二发射器34。各标签或应答器38如图所示在邻近反射表面40的询问区内部间隔放置。如图所示，低RF场强的无效点或区域42和44彼此离开而不重叠。
本发明的一些实际应用展现在眼前。在一个应用中，该系统应用在超级市场中以便使检验过程自动化，不再需要人工察看校验或利用现金出纳机进行价格登记。在另外的应用中，例如贮藏室、库房或运货车中的物品无需卸载或拆装就可确定。在其它应用中，各种物品例如书店或图书馆里的图书或者在音乐制品商店中的盒装唱片都可以在一个自动盘货的过程中识别和计数。
很明显，这些实例仅不过是示范性的，本发明还可以有很多其它应用。
本发明的上述超级市场检验的实用实施例下面进行更详细地介绍。
图5表示根据本发明提出的，安装在一个超级市场检验台上的询问器，其设计用于对经过询问器的天线单元48而行进的超级市场运输车46中的物品进行扫描。询问器包括箱式控制单元50、显示器54以及装货清单打印机56，控制单元50具有控制键盘或键板52。该询问器／控制单元50如在常规超级市场中一样，由出纳员或检验辅助人员操作。
如图6所示，询问器的天线组合装置48包括支承着三个分离的天线单元58、60和62的、由焊接管部分构成的机架。
支承天线单元的机架的尺寸设计使运输车46可在上天线单元60的下方以及左、右侧天线单元58和62的之间通过，各天线单元的取向用于限定一个询问区，该询问区的大小足以使运输车通过天线单元时复盖该运输车的内部。不同天线单元的各天线极化方向是彼此不同的，以便满足在该询问区中的各物品可以任意朝向，使得它们的应答器天线极化方向也将是任意的。
在运输车内部是各种各样的物品64，它们可是包含瓶子、盒子和其它容器以及不可能容在盒子或其它容器中的大型物品，但是它们都可以借助于例如标签、背面有粘胶的标志或示踪标记被识别的。
在运输车46中的每一个物品64具有一个置入其中或附着其上的应答器，该应答器具有识别码，以便专门识别应答器所附着的物品的类型。同种类型的物品装备具有相同识别码的应答器。在运输车中的许多物品可能是相同的。因而具有带相同识别码的应答器。
三个天线单元58、60和62工作在不同的频率下。左侧的天线单元58工作在915兆赫，右侧的天线单元62工作在910兆赫而上部天线单元60工作在920兆赫。
每一个天线单元58、60、62包括一个发射天线和一个接收天线。发射天线和接收天线是相同的。每一个天线都是一个微带补片(Patch)矩阵(参阅图7)，每个矩阵包含4个相互连接的方形补片(Patch)66。发射和接收天线是E-平面(E-Plane)极化的，原型装置形成在Diclad型GY870印刷电路板材料上，该材料具有3．2毫米厚的铜复盖层以及一层介电常数为2．33，离解系数为0．0012的基片。天线补片(Patch)66呈104毫米的方形、每一个补片(Patch)矩阵为406毫米的方形。图8是工作在915兆赫的微带补片(Patch)矩阵的E-平面幅射图形，表示其定向的特性。
图9是该系统的询问器的总方框图，示有天线单元58、60和62以及与它们相联系的电路。每一个天线单元58、60和62中的发射天线由各自的工作中心频率为910兆赫、915兆赫和920兆赫(即间隔5兆赫)的发射器68、70和72所驱动。发射器68、70和72利用一个装备微处理机的控制单元74所产生的发射器控制信号进行控制，该控制单元74联接到中央计算机系统，或者在本实例中即联接到控制箱50。由每一个发射器所发射的询问信号包括一个载波信号(工作在各自的发射器工作频率下)，该载波信号利用对各特定的应答器，特定的应答器的组合或类型或者所有的应答器寻址的信号进行调制。
每一个天线单元58、60和62的接收天线连接到各自的空腔调谐滤波器76、78和80上，各滤波器调谐到与各自的发射器相同的频率(即910兆赫、915兆赫或920兆赫)。滤波器76、78和80的输出的与来自各自发射器的信号一起馈送到各自的正交接收器和放大器82、84、86中，这些来自发射器的信号由发射器的本机振荡器所派生，与本机振荡器信号有90°相位移。各个正交接收器／放大器产生的数据输出信号馈送一个综合电路88，该综合电路按同步方式综合各数据信号，并将综合数据信号馈送给一个锁相电路和代码提取电路90，该电路90提取包含在所接受的应答器信号中的代码并将其馈送给微处理机74。
参照图10对正交接收器／放大器82、84和86的工作在下面进行更详细的介绍，图10是单个的正交接收器／放大器的方块图，图11是一张波形图，它表示发生在图10所示电路中的各个不同点上的波形。
各发射器68、70和72、空腔调谐滤波器76、78和80、正交接收器／放大器82、84和86以及其它相关的RF元件都装在各自的天线单元58、60和62外壳内。各天线单元利用电缆64连接到控制箱50的外壳中的综合器88和微处理机74上。各电缆在天线单元与询问器的控制和处理电路之间输送数据并且还向天线单元提供电源。
在利用所接收的询问信号驱动之后，附着在运输车46中的物品64上的应答器开始响应，通过调制所接收的询问器的载频而向询问器发射回它们自身的识别码，如在92／0039号南非专利申请中所述。因为每一个应答器都是一个相对宽的频带器件并且具有一个接收800兆赫到1千兆赫信号的典型设计的天线，各应答器能够响应由工作在不同频率下的各个天线单元所发射的一个或多个信号。当然，询问器的各发射器的发射频率必须在应答器的接收带宽范围之内(在本案中该频率介于800兆赫到1千兆赫之间)。
按照这种方式设计应答器电路，使得当应答器按照在它的本机振荡器时钟速率(一般10千赫)发射它的识别码时，该应答器电路的有效输入阻抗起变化，借此相应改变应答器天线的终端和反射率。因此，所接收的询问信号的一部分被反射回到询问器天线，以应答器自身的输出信号来进行调制。按照这种工作模式能够实现这样的事实，即来自询问器的询问信号可以被该应答器按三个不同频率中的一个、两个或所有频率来接收，各相应的天线单元58、60及62即使用这三个不同频率，并且，应答器将使一个被调制信号反射回到工作在各自不同频率的每一个天线单元。不管应答器是受到一个还是多个不同频率信号的照射，其在工作上并无差别，并且，按照各个不同频率的反射信号彼此之间不产生干扰，这是由于天线单元58、60和62以及与其相关的电路的相对窄的带宽所致、并且因为询问信号的数据调制带宽一般选择在10千赫到100千赫之间，实际上小于在不同询问频率之间的间隔。
利用任何天线单元接收的应答器响应信号经过各自的接收天线和与其相关的空腔调谐滤波器馈送到一个混频器／滤波器电路92，在该处所接收的信号与一个从相关发射器得到的本机荡器信号混频，以便取出应答器基频响应信号。混频器／滤波器电路92包括一个低通滤波器以便消除高频成分，这种高频成分是由相邻的询问器发射器的差频所引起的。混频器／滤波器电路92的输出是信号A(参阅图11)，该信号馈送到高通滤波器94，在该处在应答器响应信号中的代码跃变利用伪差分(pseudo-differentiation)作用被提取。该响应信号在图11中表示为B。
被解调的应答器基频响应信号A在强度方面以及所包含的固有的低频噪声方面都发生变化，这是由于当物体在询问区移动时，询问信号载频的多普勒相移所致。高通滤波器94滤除低频噪声，仅使代码的相对高频的跃变成分通过，并且有效地放大所产生的“尖脉冲”。这些跃变“尖脉冲”利用放大器电路96进一步放大，形成如图11所示的被放大的信号C。信号C然后通过一个全波整流器98，所产生的全波整流信号标识为D1。所接收的应答器响应信号通过相同的接收器电路，但是供到它的混频器／滤波器电路92’中的是经过相移的本机振荡器信号，该信号与供给混频器／滤波器92的本机振荡信号间具有90°的相移。双重接收器电路的输出是全波整流信号D2。
全波整流电路98和98’的输出在加法电路100处相加，以便产生一个复合波形E。在各跃变或“尖脉冲”一起产生的情况下，求和输出是比较大的，而在仅产生一个微弱信号的情况下，则求和输出是比较小的。双接收器配置的目的是为了处理这种情况，其中一个被接收的信号由于该被接收信号与来自发射器的本机振荡器参考信号严格同相而没有被检测到。通过使用在双重接收器通道中的附加相移的本机振荡信号，信号D1或D2中的至少一个将从被接收信号之中产生一个强输出信号。
加法电路100的输出馈送给放大器102，该放大器102将被放大的综合信号馈送给噪声限制电路104，该电路104的设置是用于当它接收超过参考阈值的输入脉冲时，产生输出时钟脉冲。这些时钟脉冲馈送给一个产生输出F的D型触发器106，该触发器接收自应答器接收的Manchester(曼彻斯特)代码格式的信号。应答器响应信号的代码是这样配置的，使得应答器信息的第1位总是Manchester“1”，该“1”相应于触发器106所产生的代码的格式。
在图11的波形图中，波形D1和D2相应于从一个应答器所接收的幅度上稍有不同的信号。当加在一起以产生信号E时，信号D1和D2的“尖脉冲”被相加，以使信号变得相对更强。假如信号幅度足够大，超过噪声限制电路104的阈值108，就会产生Manchester代码输出跃变F。
每一个天线单元连同其各自的发射器和接收器电路以相似方式工作，使得正交接收器／放大器82、84和86中的每一个都能够利用其自身的询问频率和其自身的天线极化方向接收来自应答器的响应信号。
考虑可能出现这种情况，即由于物品以随机任意的方式在运输车中运荡摇摆，放在运输车46中的物品具有的应答器，其天线极化方向是不同的。在物品堆放在运输车或贮藏室中的情况下，各物品可能按一致的方式堆放，但是在各物品上的应答器的天线可能是水平极化的，而同时，单个的询问器天线可能竖直极化的，因此将“看”不到各应答器。然而，按照所述的配置方式，通过使用三个不同的工作频率结合具有不同极化方向的天线，保证了在运输车内部的各应答器一般同时受到假如不是全部三个也至少是两个不同的询问频率信号的照射。
在运输车内的金属物体例如铁皮罐可能局部地使运输车装的物品对其中一个天线单元起屏蔽作用。然而，在大多数情况下，其它两个天线单元一般会照射所述及的应答器。假如，这些天线单元其中之一的极化方向对所述及的应答器是不恰当的，其余的天线单元应当探测到该应答器。很明显，可以想像到会出现这种情况，一个应答器完全与所有三个天线单元相遮蔽。然而在实际上这是不太可能的。在必须识别在询问区中的所有物品的情况下，可以再装备一些天线单元。
在上述实施例中，例如可以在运输车的下方装备另外的天线单元，或者作为上部天线单元的补充或者取代上部天线单元。天线组合装置可以限定一个间隔(在该间隔中，运输车临时性地被“停放”)而不是一个推动运输车通过的“通道”。这样便利于在该间隔的内端放置另外的天线单元。
由每一个正交接收器／放大器82、84和86所产生的Manchester代码数据馈送到一个综合电路88，该电路包含一个将三个输入波形按模拟方式叠加的电路，以便形成一个单一的综合响应信号。该电路接续一个比较器和一单个触发器，用于再生一个如上所述的单个Manchester代码。因此综合电路88的输出是一个包含64位信息并且总是由“1”为首的Manchester代码。
综合电路的输出馈送到锁相环电路90和微处理机74，该微处理机从所接收的代码中提取信息，如在93／6267号南非专利申请中所述的那样。微处理机从所接收的信号中提取应答器识别码，借助奇偶校验或CRC(周期性冗余)校验，验明该代码是一个有效的数码并根据有关的应用场合处理该数码。
假如微处理机74确定一个应答器已经有效地被识别(不管是仅根据一个或根据两个或多个询问频率)，则各发射器68、70和72同部地接到指令从而修改它们各自的询问信号，其方法例如是：完全中断它们的输出信号；或者在成功地接收应答器响应信号之后，在一定的时间内按一定值降低它们的输出功率。该方法是根据在93／7267号南非专利申请中所述的系统来实现的，其内容纳入本文以供参考。
在这样一种情况下，即：接收电路中的一个接收来自没有被其它两个天线“听到”的一个应答器的一个响应信号，同时另外的那些天线接收来自另一个应答器的信号，则在综合器中叠加在一起的信号将不具有正确位长或不含正确有效代码并因此被略去。经常发生的是从各个应答器所产生的发射将由于受到来自其它应答器的重叠发射而被“闭塞”，使得各被接收信号将不能通过一个或其它一些的检查／鉴别步骤。然而，当一个应答器信号在一个当其它应答器没有同时进行发射的“安静”期被接收时，该信号将被鉴别，所形成的数据馈送给用作识别的微处理机74，并对应答器所附着的物品计数。
上述系统开辟某种现实性，即所述种类的低成本的应答器可使用宽容限(tolerance)的元件，它能使得在制造过程中就可批量生产。这些应答器不包含调谐回路而包含一个在常规集成电路车间制作的单个集成电路。应答器的天线决定了它的频率响应特性，并且能够设计成用于相对宽的带宽。然后这些应答器可以用相对窄带宽的询问器发射／接收天线同时按照几个不同的频率被询问，使得当发射一个响应信号时，应答器同时调制一个或几个询问信号。
当在运输车46中的所有应答器已经被成功地识别时(其一般可在1秒种内完成)，微处理机74将数据传送到控制箱50以便打印输出，其可通过所接收的应答器代码与在价格一览表中的信息相结合取如图12所示的打印输出示样的形式。在运输车上的每个物品的属性以及每个物品的价格、物品的数量，在运输车上所有物品的小计和总计价格都表示出来。微处理机74或控制箱50本身可以存储价格查找数据，该数据可以是定期修正，例如每日修正。另外，微处理机74或控制箱50可以直接连接到一个中央计算机上，计算机根据正在使用的基准提供经修正的价格检查数据。
在图12中的打印示样中的信息可以显示在控制箱50的屏幕54上以及反映在由打印机56打印的打印纸件上，该纸件用作顾客的收据。顾客可以按照常规方式付款。然而，利用所述系统自动形成收据适用于与所述的零售商有帐目往来的顾客的自动记帐。
图13和14介绍本发明的另外的实施例。本发明的这个实施例可以适用于盘货，例如在书店或出售盒装唱片和磁带的商店。在这种应用场合中，在商店中贮存的每一个物品不管它是一本书、一个盒装唱片或一盒磁带都具有一个固定在其上的应答器，它用来识别所述的物品。通过使用92／0039和93／6267号南非专利申请中所述的识别系统，以及通过使用手持询问器单元或扫描器，各物品就可被询问以及识别和计数。当每一个物品的应答器成功地与询问器联系时，它就接收一个关断指令并停止工作。经过一会儿，停止工作的应答器本身复位并准备再次响应一个询问信号。
可能产生问题的情况是，已经被询问过并关断的应答器以这种方式复位，然后偶然地被询问器的射束重新再照射，使得它们重新被计数，导致盘货发生错误。为了解决这种可能出现的问题，提供一个手持询问器108，该询问器同时按照不同频率发射一个第一狭窄询问器射束(射束1)以及一个第二宽角度的禁止射束(射束2)。询问射束(射束1)一般在其最大4米工作范围处具有的束宽大约为15厘米，其发射频率为915兆赫，功率为6瓦。禁止射束(射束2)则更广或更宽地散播，在相同工作距离处的束宽接近4米，禁止射束和询问射束的宽度的比率至少为5比1，优选值大于10比1。在上述实施例中，比率超过20比1。禁止射束以较低功率(一般为3瓦)在不同频率下(在原型系统中为900兆赫)进行发射。
图14以简化示意图的形式表示手持询问器108所使用电路的一部分。该电路包括一个带有发射询问射束(射束1)的定向发射天线112的915兆赫发射器110。该询问器包括一个定向接收天线114(它可以是单独的或可以是与天线112相同的天线)，该天线将所接收的应答器响应信号馈送给接收器116，再馈送到询问器的译码和控制电路118。该电路还控制与天线122相联系的第2发射器120，该天线122比天线112具有较差的定向性并且用于发射禁止射束(射束2)。
由于询问射束(射束1)的较高功率及较窄束宽，这一射束提供足够的功率给被照射的应答器，使其驱动并发射响应信号。禁止射束(射束2)具有较低的功率并在更大的容积范围内发射从而使得它的功率一般不足以启动正处未启动状态的应答器。然而，它发射足够的功率以便完全防止已成功地被探测的、被禁止的应答器又被驱动，这样，当询问射束(射束1)离开应答器时更防止它们复位。
非常靠近询问器单元108的应答器可能从禁止射束中接收足够的功率因而被驱动从而导致发射响应信号。然而，这些响应信号将包含受应答器响应代码调制的900兆赫的禁止射束载波，它将不会被915兆赫窄带接收天线114所探测到。
当应答器被成功地探测后，控制电路118产生一个“间隔”或关断信号，该信号施加到发射器110和禁止射束发射器120两者之上，使得两个发射器的输出暂时地中断，以便关断相关的应答器。该关断信号也被加到发射器120上，由于应答器靠近询问器108，使禁止射束(射束2)可以足够强，从而根据需要防止应答器关断。
还可以看出，上述系统还利用了应答器的相对的频率钝性，以便实现更精确地指示或询问作业。
由便携式询问器108发射禁止射束或信号并不是必须的。在某些装置中，可以方便地提供一个用于禁止信号的完全分离的发射系统。

Claims (19)

1．一种识别系统，包括一个询问器和多个应答器，
所述询问器包括用于向所述各应答器发射询问信号的发射器装置、用于接收来自所述各应答器的响应信号的接收器装置、以及用于从所述响应信号中的数据识别各应答器的处理器装置；
各应答器包括接收装置、一个代码发生器、以及连接至所述代码发生器的发射装置，使得所述应答器根据所发射的询问信号的接收而发射一个包含有可识别所述应答器的代码的响应信号；
所述询问器适用于使任何应答器禁止，其特征在于，所述询问器发射至少两个断续的询问信号，其具有一个在相继的询问信号之间的、小于一个最小时段的间隔，在该最小时段内，已被禁止的应答器本身自动复位。
2．根据权利要求1所述的识别系统，其特征在于，所述至少两个询问信号具有各自不同的频率，这些频率被选择为落入所述各应答器的接受装置的接收带宽之内。
3．根据权利要求2所述的识别系统，其特征在于，所述至少两个询问信号是相对窄带宽的信号，所述各应答器的接收装置具有相对宽的接收带宽，所述至少两个询问信号的各自不同的频率落入所述接收带宽之内，使得所述应答器响应于所述询问信号中的任何一个或多个。
4．根据权利要求3所述的识别系统，其特征在于，各询问信号都被数据进行调制，各询问信号的数据调制带宽小于所述询问信号的各自不同的频率之间的间隔。
5．根据权利要求1至4的其中任何一个所述的识别系统，其特征在于，所述应答器的发射装置包括一个天线和用于调制所述天线的反射率的装置，使得所述应答器的响应信号包括一个或多个由可识别所述应答器的数据所调制的询问信号载波。
6．根据权利要求1至4的其中任何一个所述的识别系统，其特征在于，所述询问器的发射器装置包括至少两个隔开的发射天线元件，并且所述接收器装置包括至少两个隔开的接收天线元件。
7．根据权利要求1至4的其中任何一个所述的识别系统，其特征在于，所述发射器装置和接收器装置包括至少两个隔开的天线单元，各天线单元包括一个发射天线元件和一个相邻的接收天线元件。
8．根据权利要求6所述的识别系统，其特征在于，所述各天线元件包括一个设计为在800兆赫至1千兆赫之间的一个频率处工作的补片矩阵。
9．根据权利要求6所述的识别系统，其特征在于，所述至少两个各自的发射和接收天线元件的极化是彼此不同的。
10．根据权利要求1至4的其中任何一个所述的识别系统，其特征在于，所述询问器的发射装置包括一个发射天线元件、用于以各自不同的频率产生询问信号的至少第一和第二发射器、以及用于使各发射器的输出交替地接通至发射天线元件的开关装置。
11．根据权利要求1至4的其中任何一个所述的识别系统，其特征在于，所述询问器的发射器装置和接收器装置安装在或者接近于一个结构，该结构限定要识别的各应答器可以通过的一个询问区。
12．根据权利要求11所述的识别系统，其特征在于，所述询问器的发射器装置和接收器装置由一个限定一个通道的机架支承，装有分别附着各应答器的物品的运输工具可以通过该通道。
13．根据权利要求1至4的其中任何一个所述的识别系统，其特征在于，所述至少两个询问信号具有各自不同的频率，这些频率被选择为使得在所述询问器的发射器装置的一个预定距离内，所述询问信号的电场中没有重叠的无效点。
14．根据权利要求1至4的其中任何一个所述的识别系统，其特征在于，它包括用于记录所接收的来自各已识别的应答器的数据并将所接收的数据与对应于所接收的数据的已存储数据进行比较的处理器装置。
15．根据权利要求14所述的识别系统，其特征在于，所述处理器装置适用于存储附着不同的应答器的物品的价格或识别数据，并且适用于处理相关于已识别的应答器的识别码。
16．根据权利要求15所述的识别系统，其特征在于，它包括用于产生显示的显示装置，其中分别附着各应答器的物品的说明与价格数据相关。
17．根据权利要求16所述的识别系统，其特征在于，它包括用于将显示内容打印输出的打印装置。
18．一种询问器，用于识别多个应答器，包括：
所述询问器包括用于向所述各应答器发射询问信号的发射器装置、用于接收来自所述各应答器的响应信号的接收器装置、以及用于从所述响应信号中的数据识别各应答器的处理器装置；
所述询问器适用于使任何应答器禁止，其特征在于，所述询问器的发射器发射至少两个断续的询问信号，其具有一个在相继的询问信号之间的、小于一个最小时段的间隔，在该最小时段内，已被禁止的应答器本身自动复位。
19．一种识别多个应答器的方法，包括以下步骤：
向所述应答器发射询问信号；
各应答器接收询问信号并发射包含数据的响应信号；
接收来自所述各应答器的响应信号；
从所述响应信号中的数据识别应答器；
对任何应答器的成功识别进行检测；
禁止所述任何应答器，其特征在于，发射至少两个断续的询问信号，其具有一个在相继的询问信号之间的、小于一个最小时段的间隔，在该最小时段内，已被禁止的应答器本身自动复位。
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AU676853B2 (en) 1997-03-27
US5519381A (en) 1996-05-21
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GR3035513T3 (en) 2001-06-29
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HK1009295A1 (en) 1999-05-28
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NZ314269A (en) 1998-01-26
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EP0598624B1 (en) 1998-09-16
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