CN106103432A - 被取代的噻唑或噁唑p2x7受体拮抗剂 - Google Patents
被取代的噻唑或噁唑p2x7受体拮抗剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106103432A CN106103432A CN201580007048.8A CN201580007048A CN106103432A CN 106103432 A CN106103432 A CN 106103432A CN 201580007048 A CN201580007048 A CN 201580007048A CN 106103432 A CN106103432 A CN 106103432A
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有P2X7受体(P2X7)拮抗性质的新的式(I)的被取代的噻唑和噁唑化合物。所述化合物可用于在动物、特别是在人中治疗或预防与P2X7受体活性相关的疾病。
Description
本发明涉及具有P2X7受体(P2X7)拮抗性质的新的式(I)的被取代的噻唑和噁唑化合物,包含这些化合物的药物组合物,制备这些化合物的化学方法,和它们在治疗或预防动物、特别是人的与P2X7受体活性相关的疾病中的应用。
P2X7属于P2X离子型受体家族。P2X7由细胞外核苷酸类、特别是三磷腺苷(ATP)激活。P2X7与其他P2X家族成员的区别在于:特定的位置(特别是CNS和免疫活性细胞),活化其所需的ATP的高浓度(mM范围内),和在延长或重复刺激后其形成大孔的能力。P2X7是配体-门控离子通道,存在于多种类型的细胞,多数是已知涉及炎症和/或免疫过程的那些,特别是巨噬细胞、肥大细胞和淋巴细胞(T和B)。细胞外核苷酸类、例如ATP对P2X7受体的活化导致白介素-1β(1Λ-1β)的释放和巨细胞形成(巨噬细胞/小神经胶质细胞)、脱颗粒(肥大细胞)和L-选择素脱落(淋巴细胞)。P2X7受体还位于抗原呈递细胞(APC)、角蛋白细胞、涎腺腺泡细胞(腮腺细胞)、肝细胞、红细胞、红白血病细胞(erythroleukaemic cells)、单核细胞、成纤维细胞、骨髓细胞、神经元和肾小球系膜细胞。还已知P2X7受体为神经系统中的疼痛传感器。使用P2X7缺陷小鼠进行的试验证实P2X7在疼痛发展中的作用,因为这些小鼠被保护免于发展为佐剂诱发的炎性痛和部分神经结扎诱导的神经性疼痛。P2X7或其下游效应器、诸如IL-1β涉及若干神经病学病症诸如阿尔茨海默病的病理生理学的证据还在增加(J.I.Diaz-Hernandez等人,Neurobiol.Aging 2012,1816-1828:In vivo P2X7inhibitionreduces Aβplaques in AD through GSK3β)。通过其在突触后神经元和/或突触前神经元和神经胶质上活化,P2X7被认为在CNS内神经传递中具有重要的功能。使用原位杂交数据已经显示P2X7受体mRNA广泛分布在整个大鼠脑中。特别地,在嗅前核、大脑皮质、梨状皮质(Pir)、外侧中膈核(LS)、CA1、CA3、CA4的海马锥体细胞层、脑桥核、外楔束核和前庭内侧核中发现高P2X7mRNA表达区域。还在三叉神经运动神经核、面神经核、舌下神经核和脊髓的前角的运动神经元中观察到P2X7杂交信号。
因此在多种疾病状态的治疗中使用P2X7拮抗有治疗理论基础。这些疾病状态包括但不限于与CNS相关的疾病、诸如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨延顿舞蹈病、肌萎缩侧索硬化、脊髓损伤、脑缺血、头损伤、脑脊膜炎、睡眠障碍、心境障碍和焦虑症、癫痫、HIV-诱导的神经炎症和CNS损伤和慢性神经病性疼痛和炎性痛。此外,外周炎性病症和自身免疫疾病、包括但不限于类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、银屑病、特应性皮炎、哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、气道高反应性、败血症性休克、支气管炎、肾小球肾炎、肠易激综合征、脂肪肝病、肝纤维化、皮肤损伤、肺气肿、肌营养不良、纤维变性、动脉粥样硬化、烧伤、克罗恩病、溃疡性结肠炎、年龄相关的黄斑变性、恶性细胞生长和转移、舍格伦综合征、成肌细胞白血病(myoblasticleukaemia)、糖尿病、骨质疏松、缺血性心脏病均为牵涉P2X7受体的实例。鉴于P2X7的临床意义,调节P2X7受体功能的化合物的鉴定代表了开发新治疗剂的有吸引力的途径。
多个专利申请中描述了P2X7抑制剂,诸如:
WO2004/099146公开了P2X7受体的苯甲酰胺抑制剂和它们在治疗炎性疾病中的应用。
WO2009/108551公开了杂芳基酰胺类似物和它们在P2X7受体介导的病症中的应用。
WO2009/132000公开了喹啉和异喹啉取代的P2X7受体拮抗剂和它们在P2X7受体介导的病症中的应用。
然而对能有效拮抗P2X7的、且可以被递送至作为具有P2X7介导的病变的部位的不同的靶器官(包括脑)中的化合物的需求仍未得到满足。本文提供了这样的化合物。
下文提供了本发明的多个实施方案;
本发明涉及以下的式(I)的噻唑或噁唑化合物或其可药用盐:
包括其任何立体化学异构形式,其中
n是1或2;
Y表示氧或硫;
R1和R2各自独立地选自氢、氘、卤素、C1-C4烷基(任选地被羟基或卤素取代,诸如羟基甲基、氟甲基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基)、C3-C6环烷基(任选地被羟基或卤素取代)或C1-C4烷基氧基,R3和R4各自独立地选自氢、卤素、C1-C4烷基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、C1-C4烷基氧基、NR9R10,其中R9和R10独立地是氢或C1-C4烷基或2-噻唑烷-1,1-二酮;或两个R3基团或R3和R4基团一起形成包含氮原子的6元的杂环;
R5选自氢、卤素,或者是杂环,其选自嘧啶-2-基、吡啶-2-基或吡嗪-2-基,其任选地被卤素、C1-C4烷基、氟甲基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基或C1-C4烷基氧基取代;
R7是氢或C1-C4烷基、优选甲基;和乙基;
基团
表示任选地被取代的氮杂环丁烷、吡咯烷、哌啶、吗啉、氧杂氮杂环庚烷或1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉环,其中R6各自独立地选自氢、卤素、C1-C4烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C3-C6螺环烷基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、C1-C4烷基氧基、芳基、杂芳基、C1-C4芳基氧基或C1-C4芳基烷氧基,其中所述芳基或杂芳基任选地被卤素、C1-C4烷基、氟甲基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基或C1-C4烷基氧基取代;
两个基团R6可连接于相同的碳原子。
如前述定义中所使用的那样:
可互换使用的术语“卤代”、“卤素”和“卤化物”是指取代基氟、氯、溴或碘。
如上文使用的术语"立体化学异构形式"定义了式(I)的化合物可以具有的全部可能的异构形式。除非另作说明或标明,化合物的化学命名表示全部可能的立体化学异构形式的混合物,所述混合物包含了基本分子结构的全部非对映体和对映体。更具体而言,立体异构(stereogenic)中心可以具有R-或S-构型;二价环状的(部分)饱和基团上的取代基可具有顺式-或反式-构型。
式(I)的化合物的立体化学异构形式的明显地旨在包含在本发明范围内。
式(I)的化合物和用于其制备的中间体的绝对立体化学构型可以由本领域技术人员使用众所周知的方法如X射线衍射容易地测定。
此外,一些式(I)的化合物以及在其制备中使用的一些中间体可以呈现多晶型现象。应理解的是本发明包括在以上指出的病症的治疗中有用的任何多晶型加工特性。
如在上文提及的可药用成盐意指包括式(I)的化合物能够形成的治疗活性无毒性的酸加成盐形式。这些可药用酸加成盐能够便利地通过用这样的合适的酸处理碱形式来获得。适当的酸包括,例如,无机酸如氢卤酸,例如氢氯酸或氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸和类似的酸;或有机酸,例如乙酸、丙酸、羟基乙酸、乳酸、丙酮酸、草酸(即乙二酸)、丙二酸、琥珀酸(即丁二酸)、马来酸、富马酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、甲磺酸、三氟甲磺酸、乙磺酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、环拉酸、水杨酸、对氨基水杨酸、双羟萘酸和类似的酸。
相反地,通过用合适的碱处理,所述盐形式可以被转化为游离碱形式。
式(I)的化合物可以以未溶剂化和溶剂化的形式存在。本文中使用术语“溶剂化物”来描述分子缔合,其包含本发明的化合物和一种或多种可药用溶剂分子,例如水或乙醇。当所述溶剂是水时,使用术语“水合物”。
本发明的优选的实施方案涉及如上文定义的式(I)的化合物,其中Y和R1-R6如上文所定义,R7是氢,且n是1。
本发明的另一个实施方案涉及如上文定义的式(I)的化合物,其中n、Y和R3-R7如上文所定义,且R1和R2都是氢,或者其中之一是氢,且另一个是甲基、乙基、丙基、叔丁基(其任选地被羟基或氟取代)、C3-C6环烷基(其任选地被羟基或氟取代)。
本发明的另一个实施方案涉及如上文定义的式(I)的化合物,其中n、Y和R1、R2、R6如上文所定义,R5是氢,R7是氢,且R3和R4各自独立地是氢、卤素、优选Cl或F、C1-C4烷基、优选甲基、C1-C4烷基氧基、优选甲氧基、NR9R10,其中R9和R10独立地是氢或C1-C4烷基或2-噻唑烷-1,1-二酮或两个R3基团一起形成包含氮原子的6元的杂环。
本发明的另一个实施方案涉及如上文定义的式(I)的化合物,其中n、Y和R1、R2、R6如上文所定义,R7是氢,R4是氢,间位的R3是氢,且邻位的R3选自卤素、优选Cl或F、或C1-C4烷基、优选甲基,且R5是选自嘧啶-2-基、吡啶-2-基或吡嗪-2-基的杂环,其任选地被卤素取代,优选是任选地被氟取代的嘧啶-2-基;
本发明的另一个实施方案涉及如上文定义的式(I)的化合物,其中n、Y和R1-R5如上文所定义,R7是氢,且环A选自
其中R6是氢、卤素、苄基氧基或苯氧基、苯基、吡唑、C3-C6环烷基,其任选地被卤素取代、优选被氟取代。
最优选地,本发明的式1的化合物选自:
(续)
(续)
(续)
(续)
(续)
式(I)的化合物一般可以如下制备:将式(II)的化合物,其中n、Y、A和R1、R2和R6的含义如上文所定义,
与式(III)的化合物反应,其中R3、R4和R5的含义如上文所定义;
或者
与式(IIIa)的化合物反应,其中R3、R4和R5的含义如上文所定义,且W是适合的离去基团;
且任选地将得到的式(I)的化合物转化为其加成盐,和/或制备其立体化学异构形式。
式(II)的化合物与式(III)的化合物的反应可在至少一种反应-惰性溶剂中、且任选地在至少一种适合的偶联试剂和/或其适合的碱的存在下进行。可能是适宜的是通过加入有效量的反应促进剂来活化式(III)的羧酸。所述反应促进剂的非限制性实例包括羰二咪唑、N,N'-二环己基-碳二亚胺或1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺、羟基苯并三唑、苯并三唑基-氧基三(二甲氨基)-鏻六氟磷酸盐、四吡咯烷-1-基鏻六氟磷酸盐、溴三吡咯烷-1-基鏻六氟磷酸盐或其官能团衍生物,诸如D.Hudson,(J.Org.Chem.(1988),53,617)所公开的。
式(IIIa)的化合物中的W是适合的离去基团,例如,卤素,例如氟、氯、溴、碘,或在一些情况中W还可以是磺酰基氧基,例如甲磺酰基氧基、三氟甲磺酰基氧基、苯磺酰基氧基等活性离去基团。式(II)的化合物与式(III)的化合物的反应可在反应-惰性溶剂例如乙腈、二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基-吡咯烷酮或DMF中、且任选地在适合的碱例如碳酸钠、碳酸钾或三乙胺的存在下进行。搅拌可增加反应速度。反应可方便地在室温至该反应混合物的回流温度的范围进行。
式(III)和(IIIa)的化合物是本领域已知的或可以根据实施例中报道的方法来制备。
式(II)的化合物可以根据以下流程制备:
伯胺(II)可通过在氮-氢键形成反应中还原相应的腈衍生物(IV)得到。所述反应的非限制性实例包括以下反应:
-在作为催化剂的金属诸如镍、铂、钯和钴或其衍生物诸如阮内镍、氧化铂、氧化钯或阮内钴的存在下与氢或氢源的反应;
-与氢化物、诸如氢化铝锂、二异丁基氢化铝(DIBAL)、氢化硼或其官能团衍生物的反应。
所述反应可在适合的溶剂、诸如甲醇、四氢呋喃、乙酸、乙醚、甲苯或甲醇氨溶液中、优选在-78℃至室温的温度进行。
在氰化物源(V)、例如TMSCN或其官能团衍生物的存在下,在溶剂诸如AcOH或MeCN中,优选在0℃至室温,通过与相应的杂环中间体(VII)的斯特雷克尔缩合反应可以从醛(VI)制备式(IV)的化合物,其中R1、R2和R6如式(I)中所定义。
或者,还可以通过如上文所述的两步骤方法来制备式(II)的化合物。将式(IV)的化合物与还原试剂进行反应,优选硼氢化钠,在氯化镍(II)六水合物或氯化钴(II)六水合物和Boc2O的存在下,在溶剂诸如MeOH中,优选在0℃至室温,得到具有式(VIII)的Boc-被保护的伯胺。用适合的酸、优选TFA脱保护,得到化合物(II)。
式(VI)的化合物的实例如以下结构所示:
搅拌可增加斯特雷克尔缩合反应的速度。所述原料和一些中间体是已知的化合物,且商购可得或可通过本领域公知的常规反应方法制备。
所述方法进一步任选地包含不对称反应,其使用基于手性助剂的合成(使用碳水化合物、手性胺或环酮亚胺)和/或催化的不对称斯特雷克尔合成(使用胍、手性席夫碱或基于BINOL的催化剂)。
如在上文所述的方法中制备的式(I)化合物能够以对映异构体的外消旋混合物的形式合成,这些对映异构体可以遵循领域中已知的拆分操作而得以彼此分离。以外消旋形式获得的式(I)的这些化合物可以通过分别与适合的手性酸发生反应而被转化为相对应的非对映异构体盐形式。随后例如通过选择性的或分步结晶将所述非对映异构盐形式进行分离,并且对映体自此通过碱释放。分离式(I)化合物的对映异构体形式的替代方式涉及使用手性固定相液相色谱。所述纯的立体化学异构形式还可以衍生自所述适当起始材料的相应的纯立体化学异构形式,其条件是该反应立体定向地发生。优选地如果一种特定的立体异构体是所希望的,所述化合物将通过立体定向的制备方法来合成。这些方法将有利地采用对映异构体纯的起始材料。
式(I)的化合物、其可药用盐和立体异构形式具有P2X7受体拮抗特性,如药理学实施例中所证实。本领域已知的将式(I)的化合物转化为其他式(I)的化合物的基团转化反应的其他实例为羧酸酯水解为相应的羧酸或醇;酰胺水解为相应的羧酸或胺;醇可被转化为酯和醚;伯胺可被转化为仲胺或叔胺;双键可被氢化为相应的单键。所述原料和一些中间体是已知的化合物,且商购可得或可通过本领域公知的常规反应方法制备。如在上文所述的方法中制备的式(I)化合物能够以对映异构体的外消旋混合物的形式合成,这些对映异构体可以遵循领域中已知的拆分操作而得以彼此分离。以外消旋形式获得的式(I)的这些化合物可以通过分别与适合的手性酸发生反应而被转化为相对应的非对映异构体盐形式。随后例如通过选择性的或分步结晶将所述非对映异构盐形式进行分离,并且对映体自此通过碱释放。分离式(I)化合物的对映异构体形式的替代方式涉及使用手性固定相液相色谱。所述纯的立体化学异构形式还可以衍生自适当起始材料的相应的纯立体化学异构形式,其条件是该反应立体定向地发生。优选地如果一种特定的立体异构体是所希望的,所述化合物将通过立体定向的制备方法来合成。这些方法将有利地采用对映异构体纯的起始材料。在本文描述的式I的化合物和起始原料和/或中间体的制备中,保护对反应条件敏感的一些基团可能是有用的。根据在本发明的化合物的制备和待保护的官能基中进行的反应,任选的保护有用性的评价以及合适的保护剂的选择都在本领域技术人员常识的范围之内。任选的保护基的除去根据常规方法进行。对于在有机化学中使用保护基的概述参考,参见Theodora W.Greene and Peter G.M.Wuts“Protective groups in organic synthesis”,John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,II Ed.,1991。
式I的化合物的盐的制备是根据已知的方法进行。因此本发明的式(I)的化合物可用作药物,尤其在由P2X7受体、特别是P2X7受体拮抗活性介导的病症或疾病的治疗中。然后本发明化合物可用于制备药物,其用于治疗由P2X7受体活性、特别是P2X7受体拮抗活性介导的病症和疾病。
本发明还提供了式(I)的化合物或其可药用盐在制备药物中的应用,所述药物用于治疗病症或疾病,所述病症或疾病选自P2X7受体介导的病症或疾病。在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了式(I)的化合物,其用作药物或用于治疗病症或疾病,所述病症或疾病选自P2X7受体介导的病症或疾病。此外,本发明还提供了在哺乳动物个体中治疗由P2X7受体活性介导的病症的方法,所述方法包括向需要所述治疗的哺乳动物施用治疗有效量的式(I)的化合物或其可药用盐。鉴于上述作用机制,本发明的化合物可用于治疗各种起因的神经变性疾病,诸如阿尔茨海默病和其他痴呆病症,诸如路易体、额颞叶痴呆和tau蛋白病(taupathies);肌萎缩侧索硬化,多发性硬化,帕金森病和其他帕金森综合征;HIV-诱导的神经炎症;特发性震颤;其他脊髓小脑变性和Charcot-Marie-Toot神经病。本发明的化合物还可用于治疗神经病学病症,诸如癫痫、包括单纯性部分癫痫发作、复杂性部分癫痫发作,继发性全身发作,进一步包括失神发作、肌阵挛发作、阵挛性发作,强直发作、强直阵挛性发作和强直发作,并用于预防和治疗癫痫持续状态(SE)。
本发明的化合物还可用于治疗认知障碍和精神病学障碍。精神病学障碍包括但不限于重性抑郁、心境恶劣、躁狂症、双相性精神障碍(诸如I型双相性障碍、II型双相性障碍)、循环性精神病症、快速循环、超日节律循环(ultradian cycling)、躁狂症、轻度躁狂、精神分裂症、精神分裂症样精神障碍、情感分裂性精神障碍、人格障碍、有或没有活动过度行为的注意力障碍、妄想性障碍、短时精神障碍、分享性精神障碍、由于全身医学病症引起的精神障碍、物质诱导的精神障碍或没有特别指出的精神障碍、焦虑病症诸如广泛性焦虑障碍、惊恐障碍、创伤后应激障碍、冲动控制障碍、恐怖性障碍、解离状态,及此外在吸烟、药瘾和酒精中毒中的那些。特别是双相性障碍、精神病、焦虑和成瘾。
本发明的化合物可用于预防或治疗由HIV感染诱导的神经炎症和CNS损伤和与HIV-相关的神经认知功能缺陷。本发明的化合物可用于预防或治疗神经性疼痛。神经性疼痛综合征包括,而不限于∶糖尿病性神经病变;坐骨神经痛;非特异性下腰痛;多发性硬化疼痛;纤维肌痛;HIV相关神经病;神经痛,诸如疱疹后神经痛和三叉神经痛、摩顿氏神经痛、灼性神经痛;和由于物理创伤、截肢、幻肢、癌症、毒素或慢性炎症病症所引起的疼痛;中枢性疼痛,诸如在丘脑综合征中观察到的疼痛,混合中枢和外周形式的疼痛,诸如复杂性区域疼痛综合征(CRPS),也称为反射性交感神经营养障碍。
本发明的化合物还可用于治疗慢性疼痛。慢性疼痛包括,而不限于由于炎症或炎症相关病症引起的慢性疼痛,骨关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、急性损伤或创伤、上背痛或下背痛(由系统、区域性或原发性脊柱疾病诸如神经根病引起)、骨痛(由于骨关节炎、骨质疏松症、骨转移或未知原因引起的)、骨盆痛、脊髓损伤相关的疼痛、心脏性胸痛、非心脏性胸痛、中枢性中风后疼痛、肌筋膜痛、镰状细胞疼痛、癌症疼痛、法布莱病、AIDS疼痛、老年痛或由于头痛引起的疼痛、颞下颌关节机能障碍综合征、痛风、纤维变性或胸廓出口综合征,特别是类风湿性关节炎和骨关节炎。
本发明的化合物还可用于治疗由于下述因素引起的急性疼痛:急性损伤、疾病、运动医学损伤、腕管综合征、烧伤、肌骨胳扭伤和拉伤、肌腱拉伤、颈臂疼痛综合征、消化不良、胃溃疡、十二指肠溃疡、痛经、子宫内膜异位或外科手术(诸如开放心脏手术或心脏搭桥手术)、术后疼痛、肾结石疼痛、胆囊疼痛、胆结石疼痛、分娩疼痛或牙痛。
本发明的化合物还可用于治疗头痛,诸如偏头痛、紧张型头痛、转化性偏头痛或演化性头痛、丛集性头痛、以及继发性头痛病症,诸如衍生自感染、代谢障碍或其他全身性疾病的头痛病症及由于前述原发性或继发性头痛的恶化引起的其它急性头痛、阵发性偏头痛等。
本发明的化合物还可用于治疗疾病,诸如眩晕、耳鸣、肌肉痉挛、及其它病症,包括而不限于心血管疾病(诸如心律失常、心肌梗死或心绞痛、高血压、心脏缺血、脑缺血)、内分泌病症(诸如肢端肥大症或尿崩症)、疾病,其中病症的病理生理学涉及内源性物质(诸如儿茶酚胺、激素或生长因子)的过度分泌或分泌过多或以其它方式不合适的细胞分泌。
本发明的化合物还可用于选择性治疗肝疾病,诸如发炎性肝疾病,例如慢性病毒性乙型肝炎、慢性病毒性丙型肝炎、酒精性肝损伤、原发性胆汁性肝硬变、自身免疫性肝炎、肝纤维化、非酒精性脂肪肝及肝移植排斥。
本发明的化合物抑制影响全身系统的炎性过程。因此,可用于治疗肌肉-骨骼系统的炎性过程,其中下述是列举的实例,但不能理解为涵盖所有目标病症:关节炎病症,诸如强直性脊椎炎、颈椎关节炎、纤维肌痛、痛风、幼年型类风湿性关节炎、腰骶关节炎、骨关节炎、骨质疏松症、银屑病关节炎、风湿性疾病;影响皮肤和相关组织的病症∶湿疹、银屑病、皮炎和炎症病症诸如晒伤;呼吸系统病症∶哮喘、过敏性鼻炎和呼吸窘迫综合征、其中涉及炎症的肺病诸如哮喘和支气管炎;慢性阻塞性肺病;免疫系统和内分泌系统的病症∶结节性关节周炎、甲状腺炎、再生障碍性贫血、硬皮病、重症肌无力、多发性硬化症及其它脱髓鞘疾病、脑脊髓炎、结节病、肾脏综合征、贝赫切特综合征、多发性肌炎、龈炎。
本发明的化合物还可用于治疗胃肠(GI)道病症,诸如炎性肠病(IBD),包括但不限于溃疡性结肠炎、克罗恩病、回肠炎、直肠炎、乳糜泻、肠病、微小性结肠炎或胶原样结肠炎、嗜酸性粒细胞胃肠炎或在直肠结肠切除术后及回肠肛门吻合术后(post ileonatalanastomosis)导致的隐窝炎,和肠易激综合征,包括与腹痛和/或腹不适相关的任何病症,诸如幽门痉挛、神经性消化不良、痉挛性结肠、痉挛性结肠炎、痉挛性直肠、肠神经官能症、功能性结肠炎、粘液性结肠炎、轻泻性结肠炎和功能性消化不良;而且也用于治疗萎缩性胃炎、天花性胃炎(gastritis varialoforme)、溃疡性结肠炎、消化性溃疡、胃灼热、及其它胃肠道损害例如由幽门螺旋杆菌引起的、胃食管反流疾病、胃轻瘫诸如糖尿病胃轻瘫;及其它功能性肠病,诸如非溃疡性消化障碍(NUD);呕吐、腹泻和内脏炎症。
本发明的化合物还可用于治疗生殖泌尿道病症,诸如膀胱过度活动症、前列腺炎(慢性细菌性和慢性非细菌性前列腺炎)、前列腺痛、间质性膀胱炎、尿失禁和良性前列腺肥大、子宫附件炎、盆腔炎、前庭大腺炎和阴道炎。特别是,膀胱过度活动症和尿失禁。
本发明的化合物还用于治疗眼科疾病,诸如视网膜炎、视网膜病、葡萄膜炎和对眼睛组织的急性损伤、与年龄相关的黄斑变性或青光眼、结膜炎。
本发明的化合物还可用于治疗饮食障碍,比如神经性厌食,包括限制型和暴食/清除型亚型;神经性贪食症,包括清除型和非清除型亚型;肥胖症;强迫性饮食障碍;贪食症;和没有特别指明的饮食障碍。
本发明的化合物还可用于治疗变应性皮炎、气道高反应性(hyperresponsivenessof the airway)、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、支气管炎、败血症性休克、舍格伦综合征、肾小球肾炎、动脉粥样硬化、恶性细胞生长和转移瘤、成肌细胞白血病、糖尿病、脑脊膜炎、骨质疏松、烧伤、缺血性心脏病、卒中、外周血管病、静脉曲张、青光眼。
如本文使用的术语“治疗(treating)”和“治疗(treatment)”是指治愈性、缓解性以及预防性治疗,包括逆转(reversing)、缓解、抑制此类术语所适用的疾病、障碍或病症的进展或此类疾病、障碍或病症的一种或多种症状,或防止疾病、障碍或病症或此类疾病、障碍或病症的一种或多种症状。
此外,本发明提供了包含至少一种可药用载体以及治疗有效量的式(I)的化合物药物组合物。
为了制备本发明的药物组合物,将有效量的具体化合物(处于碱或酸加成盐形式)作为活性成分与至少一种可药用载体紧密混合,该载体取决于给药所希望的制剂形式可采用多种形式。这些药物组合物令人希望的地处于适合于、优选地适合于经口服、直肠给药、经皮给药或经肠胃外注射施用的单位剂型。
例如,在制备处于口服剂型的组合物中,在口服液体制剂(例如混悬剂、糖浆剂、酏剂和溶液剂)的情况下,可以采用任何常用药物介质,例如像水、二醇类、油类、醇类等等;或者在散剂、丸剂、胶囊、以及片剂的情况下,采用固体载体,例如淀粉、糖、高岭土、润滑剂、粘合剂、崩解剂等等。由于它们的施用方便,片剂和胶囊代表最有利的口服剂量单位形式,在此情况下显然采用固体药物载体。对于肠胃外注射组合物,该药物载体主要包含无菌水,尽管可以包含其他的成分以提高该活性成分的溶解度。
注射溶液可以例如通过使用一种包含盐水溶液、葡萄糖溶液或两者的混合物的药物载体来制备。也可以采用适当的液体载体、助悬剂以及类似物制备注射混悬剂。在适合于经皮施用的组合物中,该药物载体可以任选地包括渗透增强剂和/或适合的润湿剂,任选地与小比例的适合的添加剂组合,这些添加剂不会引起任何对皮肤的显著有害作用。所述添加剂可以选择为促进对皮肤施用该活性成分和/或可以有助于制备所希望的组合物。能以不同方式施用这些局部组合物,例如,作为透皮贴剂、喷滴剂、或软膏剂。式(I)化合物的加成盐显著地更适合于制备水性组合物,因为相对于相应碱形式其可溶性增加。
为了便于施用和剂量的一致性,尤其有利的将本发明的药物组合物配制为单位剂型。
如在此使用的“剂量单位形式”指的是适合作为单位剂量的物理离散单位,各单位包含预定量的活性成分,该预定量的活性成分经计算与所要求药物载体相结合而产生所希望的治疗效果。这样的单位剂型的实例是片剂(包括刻痕片剂或包衣片剂)、胶囊、丸剂、粉包、薄片、注射溶液或悬浮液、一茶匙容量、大汤匙容量等,及其分开的多个剂量(segregated multiples)。
对于口服给药,本发明的药物组合物可以采取固体剂型,例如片剂(可吞咽和可咀嚼形式两者),胶囊或软胶囊,通过常规的手段使用以下可药用赋形剂和载体制备:粘合剂(例如预胶化的玉米淀粉、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羟丙基甲基纤维素、等等)、填充剂(例如硬脂酸镁、滑石、硅石、等等)、崩解剂(例如马铃薯淀粉、羟基乙酸淀粉钠、等等)、湿润剂(例如月桂基硫酸钠)等等。合适的片剂还可以通过本领域熟知的方法包衣。
用于口服施用的液体制剂可以采取例如溶液、糖浆、或悬浮液的形式,或者它们可以配制为一种干产品用于在使用前与水和/或另一种合适的液体载体混合。此种液体制剂可以通过常规的手段任选地与其他可药用添加剂制备,例如助悬剂(例如山梨糖醇糖浆、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素或氢化的可食用脂肪)、乳化剂(例如卵磷脂或阿拉伯胶)、非水性载体(例如,杏仁油、油状酯或乙醇)、甜味剂、矫味剂、掩蔽剂和防腐剂(例如,甲基或丙基对羟基苯甲酸酯或山梨酸)。
在本发明的药物组合物中有用的可药用甜味剂优选地包含至少一种强烈的甜味剂,例如天冬酰苯丙氨酸甲酯、乙酰磺胺酸钾、环拉酸钠、阿利坦、双氢查耳酮甜味剂、莫内林、甜菊糖苷、三氯蔗糖(4,1',6'-三氯-4,1',6'-三脱氧半乳蔗糖)或,优选地糖精、糖精钠或钙,以及任选地至少一种增量甜味剂,例如山梨糖醇、甘露醇、果糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、异麦芽酮糖醇、葡萄糖、氢化的葡萄糖浆、木糖醇、焦糖或蜂蜜。强烈的甜味剂合宜地以低浓度使用。例如,以糖精钠的形式,所述浓度可以范围从该最终配制品的约0.04%至0.1%(重量/体积)。增量甜味剂能够以更大的浓度有效地使用,范围从约10%至约35%,优选地从约10%至15%(重量/体积)。在低剂量配制品中掩蔽苦味成分的可药用矫味剂优选包括以下水果矫味剂,例如樱桃、覆盆子、黑醋栗或草莓矫味剂。两种矫味剂的组合可以产生非常良好的结果。在高剂量配制品中,可以要求更强的可药用矫味剂,例如焦糖巧克力(CaramelChocolate)、冰薄荷(Mint Cool)、Fantasy等等。
每种矫味剂能够以范围约0.05%至1%(重量/体积)的浓度在该最终组合物中存在。所述强矫味剂的组合是有利地使用的。优选地,使用在该配制品的环境中不经受任何味道和/或颜色变化或损失的矫味剂。
式(I)的化合物可以配制为用于通过注射、常规的静脉内、肌内或皮下注射,例如通过单次快速静脉注射或连续静脉输注而肠胃外施用。用于注射的配制品能够以单位剂型(例如以针剂)或多剂量容器(包括一种添加的防腐剂)而存在。它们可以采取例如在油或水载体中的悬浮液、溶液或乳液的形式,并且可以包含配制试剂,例如等渗剂、助悬剂、稳定剂和/或分散剂。作为替代方案,该活性成分能以粉末的形式存在用于在使用前与一种适当的载体,例如灭菌无热原水混合。
这些式(I)的化合物还可以配制成直肠组合物,例如栓剂或保留灌肠剂,这些试剂包含常规的栓剂基础,例如可可油和/或其他甘油酯。
在与这种配体门控离子通道的介导相关的疾病的治疗中的普通技术人员将能够从下文所呈现的测试结果来确定一种式(I)的化合物的治疗有效量。大体上,考虑了一个治疗有效剂量将是从约0.001mg/kg至约50mg/kg待治疗的患者体重,更优选地从约0.01mg/kg至约10mg/kg体重。可以适当的是将该治疗有效的剂量在全天中以适当间隔以两个、或更多个亚剂量的形式给予。所述亚剂量可以配制为单位剂型,例如每一个包含从约0.1mg至约1000mg、更特别是从约1mg至约500mg的活性成分/单位剂型。
如本文使用的化合物的"治疗有效量"是化合物的量,当将该量施用于个体或动物时,使得该化合物在个体或动物中的水平足够高以引起可辨别的P2X7受体拮抗响应。
如本领域的普通技术人员所熟知的,给药的精确剂量和频率取决于使用的式(I)的具体化合物、正在被治疗的具体病症、正在被治疗的病症的严重性、具体患者的年龄、体重和总体身体健康状况、以及患者可以服用的其他药物。此外,所述“治疗有效量”可以降低或增加,这取决于所治疗的患者的反应和/或取决于对本发明的这些化合物开处方的医师的评估。因此在上文提到的有效每日量范围仅仅是指导。
命名和结构
总体而言,在本申请中的命名基于ChemSketchTM(ACDLabs),且根据IUPAC系统命名法生成。本文所示的化学结构使用2.2版制作。除非另有指明,在本文中的结构中出现在碳、氧、硫或氮原子上的任何开放价表示存在氢原子。在含氮杂芳基环显示在氮原子上具有开放价,并且变量如R1、R2、R3等在该杂芳基环上显示的情况下,这样的变量可以结合或接合至该开放价氮。在手性中心存在于结构中但对于该手性中心没有显示特定立体化学的情况下,与该手性中心相关的两种对映体都由该结构涵盖。在本文中显示的结构可以以多种互变异构体形式存在的情况下,所有这样的互变异构体都由该结构涵盖。本文的结构中表示的原子意图涵盖这样的原子的所有天然同位素。因此,例如,本文中表示的氢原子意味着包括氘和氚,并且碳原子意味着包括13C和14C同位素。
缩写
用于流程的说明中的和之后的实施例中的缩写为:
AcOH:乙酸
Anh:无水
AcONa:醋酸钠
Boc:叔丁基-碳酸酯基
Boc2O:二碳酸二叔丁基酯
CC:柱色谱
DAST:三氟化二乙氨基硫
DCM:二氯甲烷
DEA:二乙胺
DIAD:偶氮二甲酸二异丙酯
DIBAL:二异丁基氢化铝
DIPEA:二异丙基乙胺
DMAP:二甲氨基吡啶
DMF:二甲基甲酰胺
DMSO:二甲基亚砜
Et2O:乙醚
EtOAc:乙酸乙酯
EtOH:乙醇
ESI:电喷射离子化
HBTU:N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-O-(1H-苯并三唑-1-基)脲六氟磷酸盐;
h:小时;
Hrs小时
M:摩尔
MeCN:乙腈
MeOH:甲醇
Min:分钟
Ni-Raney:阮内镍
NMR:核磁共振
rt:室温
TFA三氟乙酸
THF:四氢呋喃;
TLC:薄层色谱
TMSCN三甲基氰硅烷;
UPLC-MS:超高效液相色谱-质谱法
XPhos:4,5-双(二苯基膦基)-9,9-二甲基吨。
实验部分
以下实施例阐述本发明。除非另外明确规定,否则所有的具体值(尤其是百分比和量)涉及的都是重量
A中间体的合成
实施例A.1
将2-溴丙二醛(1.5g,9.94mmol,1当量;)和硫代乙酰胺(0.83g,11.05mmol,1.11当量)混悬于DCM(10mL)中,并冷却至0℃;然后滴加DIPEA(1.75mL,10.05mmol,1.01当量)。将得到的棕色溶液在搅拌下在室温放置3天。然后将该反应混合液用水(50mL)稀释,并收集有机相。将水相用DCM(10mL)萃取三次。将有机相经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,并蒸发。将棕色的残余物溶于Et2O(20mL)中,用NaHCO3饱和溶液(20mL)和盐水(20mL)洗涤两次,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,最后蒸发,得到纯的标题产物,为棕色油状物(0.40g,收率31%)。
实施例A.2
在室温将2-氨基-4-(三氟甲基)-5-噻唑-甲酸乙酯(1.15g,4.79mmol,1当量)溶于中1.3-二噁烷(27mL)并滴加亚硝酸异戊酯(1.51g,12.93mmol,2.7当量)。将该反应混合液在80℃加热,1h后,通过TCL(80/20石油醚/EtOAc)观察到原料完全转化。在真空下除去溶剂,并将粗品经快速色谱直接相(direct phase)纯化(95/5→90/10石油醚/EtOAc),得到纯品2a(0.94g,收率87%),为黄色油状物。
在氩气气氛下将中间体2a(0.82g,3.66mmol,1当量)溶于干燥的DCM(18mL)中,并冷却至-70℃。然后历经10分钟滴加1M在DCM中的DIBAL(4.1mL,4.10mmol,1.12当量),并将该混合液在相同的温度搅拌1.5h。使该反应混合液至0℃,依次加入水(0.186mL)、15%NaOH(0.186mL)和第二部分的水(0.186mL),并将该混合液搅拌直至铝盐完全沉淀(5min)。将该混合液经无水Na2SO4干燥,并过滤。溶剂蒸发后,将粗品经快速色谱直接相纯化(20/80→50/50DCM/石油醚),得到纯的中间体(2b),为黄色油状物(0.3g,收率45%)。
实施例A.3
将对甲苯磺酸一水合物(0.03g,0.16mmol,0.08当量)加入4-甲基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲醛(0.25g,1.97mmol,1当量)和1,2-乙二醇(0.38mL,6.88mmol,3.5当量)在无水甲苯(5.5mL)中的混合液中。将烧瓶装配Dean-Stark分离器,并将该混合液加热至回流达6h。冷却至环境温度后,将该反应用10%Na2CO3溶液(15mL)淬灭。将水层用乙酸乙酯萃取(10mL X3)。将合并的萃取物经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,并浓缩。将残余物经硅胶柱纯化(100%DCM→30/70EtOAc/DCM),得到中间体(3a),为黄色油状物(0.29g,收率86%)。
在-70℃、在氩气气氛下将1.6M在己烷中的正丁基锂(1.28mL,2.05mmol,1.5当量)滴加至中间体(3a)(0.23g,1.37mmol,1当量)在干燥的THF(4.5mL)中的溶液中。将得到的深色溶液在-70℃搅拌30min,然后在相同的温度滴加1.05M在干燥的THF中的四氯化碳(2mL,2.10mmol,1.5当量)。1h后将该反应用饱和的NH4Cl水溶液(1mL)淬灭并使之回到室温。将该混合液在水(10mL)和AcOEt(10mL)之间分配,并将水层用AcOEt萃取(10mLx3)。将合并的萃取物经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,并浓缩。将残余物经硅胶色谱纯化(100%DCM→5/95EtOAc/DCM 0%),得到中间体(3b),为深色油状物(0.208g,收率74%)。
在-70℃、在氩气气氛下将1.6M在己烷中的正丁基锂(0.632mL,1.01mmol,2当量)滴加至(3b)(0.10g,0.51mmol,1当量)在干燥的THF(2.4mL)中的溶液中。将得到的深色溶液在-70℃搅拌30min。将该反应用氧化氘(2mL)淬灭,并回至室温。将该混合液在盐水(10mL)和AcOEt(10mL)之间分配,并将水层用AcOEt萃取(10mLx2)。将合并的萃取物经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,并浓缩。将残余物经直接相硅胶柱(20/80AcOEt/DCM)纯化,得到中间体(3c),为黄色油状物(0.79g,收率90%)。
将5.0M HCl水溶液(0.19mL,0.96mmol,2.5当量)加入中间体(3c)(0.07g,0.38mmol,1.0当量)在THF(1mL)中的溶液中。将得到的混合液在室温搅拌1.5h。将该混合液在盐水(10mL)和AcOEt(10mL)之间分配,并将水层用AcOEt萃取(10mLx2)。将合并的有机萃取物用饱和的碳酸氢钠(20mL)洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,并浓缩,得到中间体(3d),为黄色固体(0.37g,74.7%)。
实施例A.4
在微波小瓶(20mL体积)中,将3-羧基-4-氯苯基硼酸(0.210g,1mmol,1.0当量)、2-氯-5-氟-1,3-嘧啶(0.175g,1.25mmol,1.25当量)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(0.023g,0.02mmol,0.02当量)和碳酸铯(0.5g,1.5mmol,1.5当量)混悬于脱气的5/1DMF/H2O溶液(2.5mL)中。将该小瓶密封,用氮气净化,并机械搅拌5min。然后将该混合液在80℃在微波反应器中加热4h。将得到的黄色混悬液在真空下蒸发,加入水(20mL),随后加入1/1DCM/AcOEt(20mL)和37%HCl(10mL)。将得到的溶液倾入分液漏斗中,并用1/1DCM/EtOAc萃取两次。将合并的有机萃取物经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,并蒸发,得到中间体(4),为白色粉末(0.214g,收率85%)。
使用类似地方法从3-羧基-4-甲氧基苯基硼酸起始制备中间体(5)(0.248g,收率99%),并从3-羧基-4-氟苯基硼酸起始制备中间体(6)(0.235g,收率99%)。
使用类似地方法但用2-氯吡嗪代替2-氯-5-氟-1,3-嘧啶,从3-羧基-4-氯苯基硼酸起始制备中间体(7)(0.1g,收率85%)
实施例A.5
在微波小瓶(20mL体积)中,将3-羧基-4-氯苯基硼酸(0.218g,0.92mmol,2.0当量)、2-氯-6-甲基吡啶(0.05mL,0.46mmol,1当量)、醋酸钯(0.017g,0.08mmol,0.17当量)、Xphos(0.09g,0.157mmol,0.34当量)和碳酸钠(0.147g,3mmol,3当量)混悬于脱气的10/1二噁烷/H2O溶液(2.5mL)中。将该小瓶密封,用氮气净化,并机械搅拌5min。然后将该混合液在80℃在微波反应器中加热2h。将得到的黑色混悬液在真空下蒸发,加入水(20mL),随后加入1/1DCM/AcOEt(20mL)和37%HCl(10mL)。将得到的溶液倾入分液漏斗中,将水层分离,并蒸发。将得到的白色粉末用MeOH(3mL)处理,过滤,最后蒸发,得到中间体(8),为白色粉末(0.11g,收率95%)。
实施例A.6
将三苯基膦(1.69g,6.46mmol,1.3当量)加入4-羟基-N-Boc-哌啶(1.00g,4.97mmol,1当量)和苯酚(0.51g,5.47mmol,1.1当量)在干燥的THF(8.5mL)中的混合液中,然后在10分钟中缓慢加入DIAD(1.27mL,6.46mmol,1,3当量)。将该混合液在室温搅拌过夜,然后将溶剂蒸发,并将残余物经硅胶快速色谱纯化(洗脱剂石油醚/EtOAc 95/5至90/10)。得到4-苯氧基-N-boc-哌啶,为淡粉红色油状物(0.72g,2.61mmol,收率52%)。
将4-苯氧基-N-boc-哌啶(0.72g,2.61mmol,1当量)溶于4M HCl在二噁烷(5mL)中的溶液中,并将该溶液在室温搅拌2小时。将该溶液蒸发,并将残余物在高真空下干燥。然后将残余物用MeCN(5mL)研磨,过滤,并用MeCN(1-2mL)洗涤,得到中间体(9),为白色固体(0.45g,2.09mmol,收率81%)。
实施例A.7
将4-羟基-N-Boc-哌啶(1.18g,4.97mmol,1当量)溶于干燥的THF(10mL)中,并将该溶液冷却至0°,然后分批加入NaH(0.248g,60%矿物油中的分散液,5.96mmol,1.2当量)。将该混悬液在室温剧烈搅拌30min。然后滴加苄基溴(1.1g,6.46mmol,1.3当量),并将该混合液加热至回流。1小时后依次加入NaH(0.103g,60%矿物油中的分散液,2.48mmol,0.5当量)和苄基溴(0.423g,2.48mmol,0.5当量),并将该混合液在室温搅拌1小时。进一步加入另外部分的NaH(0.207g,60%矿物油中的分散液,5mmol,1当量),并将该反应混合液回流1小时,并在室温搅拌过夜。将该反应混合液倾入饱和的NH4Cl水溶液(50mL)中,并用EtOAc萃取(30mLX3)。将合并的有机萃取物经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,并在真空下除去溶剂。将残余物经硅胶快速色谱纯化(洗脱剂90/10石油醚/AcOEt),得到纯的4-苄基氧基-N-boc-哌啶(1.4g,4.83mmol,收率97%),为无色油状物。将4-苄基氧基-N-boc-哌啶(1.4g,4.83mmol,1当量)溶于二噁烷(10mL)中。滴加4M HCl在二噁烷(5mL)中的溶液,并将该反应混合液在室温搅拌5小时。然后加入4M HCl在二噁烷(3mL)中的溶液,并将该反应混合液在室温进一步搅拌过夜。最后在真空下除去溶剂,得到纯的中间体(10),为类白色固体(1g,4.38mmol,收率99%)。
实施例A.8
将噁唑-5-甲酸乙酯(1g,7.09mmol,1当量)溶于EtOH(14mL)中,并将该混合液冷却至0℃。分批加入硼氢化钠(0.54g,14.17mmol,2当量),同时搅拌,然后使该混合液温至室温。在室温搅拌过夜后,通过TCL(95/5DCM/MeOH)得知转化完成。将该混合液冷却至0℃,并滴加2N HCl直至气体逸出停止(pH 5-6)。将得到的混悬液减压浓缩,并将残余物经快速色谱(SiO2)使用DCM/MeOH=95/5的混合液洗脱剂纯化。得到纯的中间体(11),为无色油状物(0.49g,收率70%)。
实施例A.9
将适合的噁唑-5-甲酸乙酯衍生物(1.1g,7.09mmol,1当量)溶于EtOH(14mL)中,并将该混合液冷却至0℃。分批加入NaBH4(14.17mmol,2当量),同时搅拌,然后使该混合液温至室温。回流2小时后,通过TLC(95/5DCM/MeOH)得知转化完成。将该混合液冷却至0℃,并滴加2N HCl直至气体逸出停止(pH 5-6)。将得到的混悬液减压浓缩,并将残余物经快速色谱(SiO2)纯化使用DCM/MeOH=95/5的混合液作为洗脱剂。得到纯的中间体(12),为无色油状物(0.46g,收率58%)。
实施例A.10
在氩气气氛下将2-(三氟甲基)噻唑-5-甲酸乙酯(0.50g,2.22mmol,1当量)溶于干燥的DCM(11mL)中,并冷却至-70℃。然后历经10分钟滴加1M在DCM中的DIBAL(2.5mL,2.49mmol,1.12当量),并将该混合液在相同的温度搅拌1.5h。将该反应混合液达到0℃,依次加入水(0.10mL)、15%NaOH(0.10mL)和第二部分的水(0.25mL),并将该混合液搅拌直至铝盐完成沉淀(5分钟)。将该混合液经无水Na2SO4干燥,并过滤。溶剂蒸发后,将粗品经快速色谱直接相纯化(30/70DCM/石油醚→100%DCM),得到纯的中间体(13),为黄色油状物(0.3g,收率75%)。
实施例A.11
将2-溴丙二醛(0.71g,4,70mmol,1当量)和硫代丙酰胺(0.42g,4,71mmol,1当量)混悬于DCM(10mL)中,并冷却至0℃;然后分两批加入DIPEA(0.82mL,4.71mmol,1当量)。将得到的棕色溶液在搅拌下在室温放置2天。通过蒸发除去溶剂,将棕色的残余物溶于Et2O(20mL)中,用NaHCO3饱和溶液(20mL)和盐水(20mL)洗涤两次,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,最后蒸发。将粗品经快速色谱直接相纯化(20/80EtOAc/石油醚),得到纯的中间体(14),为棕色油状物(0.13g,收率20%)。
实施例A.12
将环丙烷甲酰胺(0.5g,5.87mmol,1当量)、碳酸钠(0.62g,5.87mmol,1当量)和劳森试剂(2.37g,5.87mmol,1当量)在THF(25mL)中回流2.5h。在真空下除去溶剂,并将粗品在水(20mL)和乙醚(20mL)之间分配。将有机层经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,最后蒸发,得到中间体(15a),为白色固体(0.44g,收率74%)。
将溶于干燥的THF(2mL)中的2-溴丙二醛(0.66g,4,35mmol,1当量)加入中间体15a(0.44g,4.35mmol,1当量)在干燥的DCM(10mL)中的溶液中。将该混合液冷却至-15℃;然后分批加入DIPEA(0.76mL,4.35mmol,1当量)。将得到的黄色溶液在搅拌下在室温放置4天。通过蒸发除去溶剂,将棕色的残余物溶于Et2O(20mL)中,用NaHCO3饱和溶液(20mL)和盐水(20mL)洗涤两次,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,最后蒸发。将粗品经快速色谱直接相纯化(10/90EtOAc/石油醚),得到纯的中间体(15b),为棕色油状物(0.25g,收率38%)。
实施例A.13
将1-boc-2-甲基哌啶-4-酮(0.55g,2.6mmol,1当量)在干燥的DCM(7.5mL)中的溶液在0℃冷却,并滴加DAST(0.68mL,5.2mmol,2当量)。将该反应混合液在10℃搅拌过夜,然后用DCM(10mL)稀释,用NaHCO3饱和溶液(10mL)、5%在水(10mL)中的柠檬酸溶液洗涤,最后用盐水(10mL)洗涤。将有机层经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,并蒸发。将残余物经硅胶快速色谱纯化(洗脱剂10/90EtOAc/石油醚),得到0.53g纯的1-N-boc-4,4-二氟甲基哌啶,为白色固体。
在搅拌下将TFA(2mL,26mmol,10当量)加入用冰浴冷却的1-N-boc-4,4-二氟甲基哌啶(0.53g,2.25mmol)在DCM(8mL)中的溶液中。将该反应混合液在室温加温,并再搅拌30分钟。减压除去溶剂,得到0.73g(70%收率,经两个步骤)中间体16,为TFA盐。
实施例A.14
将环丁烷甲酸(1.91mL,16.6mmol,1当量)在干燥的THF中的溶液用亚硫酰氯(4mL,50mmol,3当量)处理,并回流2h。将该反应混合液冷却至室温,用DCM(5mL)稀释,并减压蒸发。将残余物溶于乙腈(31mL)中,在0℃滴加至氨水的搅拌的溶液(59mL)中,并在该温度搅拌1h。然后将该反应混合液倾入分液漏斗中,并用EtOAc萃取(15mLX 2)。将合并的有机萃取物用0.1M HCl水溶液(20mL)、水(20mL)和盐水(20mL)洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,最后蒸发,得到中间体17a(0.31g,收率16%),为白色固体。
将中间体17a(0.31g,3.17mmol,1当量)、碳酸钠(0.34g,3.17mmol,1当量)和劳森试剂(1.38g,3.17mmol,1当量)在THF(16mL)中回流3h。在真空下除去溶剂,并将粗品在水(20mL)和乙醚(20mL)之间分配。将有机层经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,最后蒸发,得到中间体(17b),为黄色液体(0.36g,收率99%)。
将溶于干燥的THF(5mL)中的2-溴丙二醛(0.51g,3.15mmol,1当量)加入中间体19(0.36g,3.15mmol,1当量)在干燥的DCM(8mL)中的溶液中。将该混合液冷却至-15℃,然后在Ar气氛下分批加入DIPEA(0.55mL,3.15mmol,1当量)。将得到的棕色溶液在搅拌下在室温放置2天。通过蒸发除去溶剂,将棕色的残余物溶于Et2O(20mL)中,用NaHCO3饱和溶液(20mL)和盐水(2 0mL)洗涤两次,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,最后蒸发。将粗品经快速色谱直接相纯化(20/80EtOAc/石油醚),得到纯的中间体(17c,为黄色液体(0.13g,收率26%)。
实施例A.15
在0℃将28%氨水溶液(31mL)加入丁酰氯在乙腈(15.5mL)中的搅拌的溶液(0.97mL,9.3mmol,1当量)中。15min后,将该反应混合液倾入分液漏斗中,并用EtOAc萃取(30mLx3)。将合并的有机萃取物用0.1M HCl水溶液(20mL)、水(20mL)和盐水(20mL)洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,最后蒸发,得到中间体18a(0.32g,收率40%),为白色固体。
将中间体18a(1.24g,14mmol,1当量)、碳酸钠(1.48g,14mmol,1当量)和劳森试剂(5.66g,14mmol,1当量)在THF(17mL)中回流3h。在真空下除去溶剂,并将粗品在水(20mL)和乙醚(20mL)之间分配。将有机层经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,最后蒸发,得到中间体18b,为黄色液体(1.23g,收率89%)。
将溶于干燥的THF(15mL)中的2-溴丙二醛(1.88g,12mmol,1当量)加入中间体18b(1.23g,12mmol,1当量)在干燥的DCM(30mL)中的溶液中。将该混合液冷却至-15℃;然后在Ar气氛下分批加入DIPEA(2.16mL,12mmol,1当量)。将得到的棕色溶液在搅拌下在室温放置3天。通过蒸发除去溶剂,将棕色的残余物溶于Et2O(20mL)中,用NaHCO3饱和溶液(20mL)和盐水(20mL)洗涤两次,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,最后蒸发。将粗品经快速色谱直接相纯化(20/80EtOAc/石油醚),得到纯的中间体18c,为黄色液体(0.46g,收率25%)。
实施例A.16
在Ar气氛下将4,4-二氟环丙烷甲酸(1g,6.09mmol,1当量)溶于干燥的THF(37mL)中,冷却至-70℃,并用4-甲基吗啉(0.67mL,6.09mmol,1当量)处理。然后在-70℃滴加氯甲酸丁酯(0.79mL,6.09mmol,1当量)。15min后,加入28%氨水溶液(7.4mL),并将该反应混合液加热至室温。减压除去溶剂,将残余物溶于EtOAc中,用水(20mL)洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,最后蒸发,得到中间体19a(0.86g,收率86%),为白色固体。
将中间体19a(0.86g,5.29mmol,1当量)、碳酸钠(0.56g,5.29mmol,1当量)和劳森试剂(2.14g,5.29mmol,1当量)在THF(26mL)中回流3h。在真空下除去溶剂,并将粗品在水(20mL)和乙醚(20mL)之间分配。将有机层经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,最后蒸发,得到中间体19b,为类白色固体(1.09g,收率99%)。
将溶于干燥的THF(10mL)中的2-溴丙二醛(0.97g,6.11mmol,1当量)加入中间体19b(1.09g,6.11mmol,1当量)在干燥的DCM(15mL)中的溶液中。将该混合液冷却至-15℃,然后在Ar气氛下分批加入DIPEA(1.06mL,6.11mmol,1当量)。将得到的棕色溶液在搅拌下在室温放置1天。通过蒸发除去溶剂,将棕色的残余物溶于Et2O(20mL)中,用NaHCO3饱和溶液(20mL)和盐水(20mL)洗涤两次,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,最后蒸发。将粗品经快速色谱直接相纯化(30/70EtOAc/石油醚),得到纯的中间体19c,为无色液体(0.34g,收率24%)。
实施例A.17
将2-溴-5-甲酰基-1,3-噻唑(0.384g,2mmol,1当量)、对甲苯磺酸(0.031g,0.16mmol,0.08当量)和乙二醇(0.334mL,6mmol,3当量)在干燥的甲苯(12mL)中的混合液使用迪安斯达克装置回流3h。然后将溶剂除去,并将残余物经硅胶快速色谱纯化(100%石油醚→20/80EtOAc/石油醚),得到中间体20a(0.33g,收率70%),为无色油状物。
将中间体20a(0.33g,1.4mmol,1当量)溶于干燥的THF(2mL)中,并冷却至-70℃。然后在Ar气氛下滴加1.6M在己烷中的n-BuLi溶液(0.96mL,1.54mmol,1.1当量)。50分钟后,在-70℃滴加DMF(0.08mL,3mmol,1.6当量),并将该反应混合液在该温度搅拌50min。然后加入NH4Cl(饱和的水溶液,10mL),并将该反应混合液温至室温。将该反应混合液然后用DCM萃取(20mLx2)。将合并的有机萃取物经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,并蒸发,得到中间体20b(0.225g,收率87%),为橙色油状物。
在0℃和在氮气气氛下将硼氢化钠(0.046g,1.215mmol,1当量)分批加入中间体20b(0.225g,1.25mmol,1当量)在甲醇(2mL)中的搅拌的溶液中。将该反应混合液在0℃搅拌30min,然后将溶剂减压蒸发。将残余物在2/1的EtOAc/DCM(10mL)和水(10mL)之间分配,将有机层经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,并蒸发,得到中间体20c(0.19g,收率84%),为橙色油状物。
在0℃、在氮气气氛下将叔丁基二苯基氯硅烷(0.30g,1.01mmol,1.1当量)加入中间体20c(0.19g,1mmol,1当量)和咪唑(0.072g,1.05mmol,1.05当量)在干燥的DCM(1.5mL)中的机械搅拌的溶液中。2h后将该反应混合液温至室温,并倾入NaHCO3饱和溶液(5mL)中。将有机层经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,并蒸发。将残余物(0.47g)溶于THF(10mL)中,并在室温用5N HCl(3mL)处理。2h后,将该反应混合液用NaHCO3饱和溶液(3mL)碱化,并用DCM萃取(10mLx2)。将合并的有机萃取物经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,并蒸发,得到中间体20d(0.194g,收率51%),为无色油状物。
实施例A.18
在氮气气氛下在0℃将硫酰氯(1.23mL,15.2mmol,1.01当量)滴加至4,4-二氟乙酰乙酸乙酯(2.5g,15.0mmol,1当量),并在室温搅拌过夜。将该反应混合液用EtOAc(20mL)稀释,并倾入冰/水混合物(20mL)中。将有机层经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,并蒸发,得到在2-氯-4,4-二氟乙酰乙酸酯中的3.2g粗品,为黄色油状物。将粗品溶于乙醇(10mL)中,用硫脲(3.2g,30mmol,2当量)处理,并在微波反应器中在101℃加热1h。然后在真空下除去溶剂,并将残余物在饱和的NaHCO3(10mL)和EtOAc(10mL)之间分配。将有机层用盐水(20mL)洗涤,经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,并蒸发。将粗品用乙醚处理,过滤,并在真空下干燥,得到1.37g(收率41%)中间体21a,为黄色固体。
将中间体21a(1.37g,6.16mmol,1当量)溶于二噁烷(35mL)中,加入亚硝酸异戊酯(2.24mL,16.64mmol,2.7当量),并将该反应混合液在80℃加热1小时。通过减压蒸发除去溶剂,并将残余物经硅胶快速色谱纯化(EtOAc/石油醚10/90),得到中间体21b(1.02g,收率80%),为黄色固体。
在氩气气氛下将中间体21b(0.758g,3.66mmol,1当量)溶于干燥的DCM(18.5mL)中,并冷却至-75℃。滴加1M在DCM中的二异丁基氢化铝(4.1mL,4.1mmol,1.12当量),并将该反应混合液在-70℃搅拌。1.5h后,滴加1M在DCM中的二异丁基氢化铝(2.5mL,2.5mmol,0.68当量),并将该反应混合液在-70°再搅拌1h。将该反应混合液温至0℃,并用水(0.264mL)、15%NaOH(0.264mL)和水(0.66mL)依此次序处理。然后将其在0℃搅拌5分钟,然后在室温搅拌30分钟。依次加入水(0.24mL),随后加入15%NaOH(0.130mL),并将该反应混合液在室温搅拌直至形成沉淀。将该混合液过滤。然后将溶剂浓缩。将残余物经硅胶快速色谱纯化(DCM/石油醚80/20→100%DCM),得到含中间体21c(纯度≈70%)的黄色油状物(0.34mg,收率40%),将其原样使用。
实施例A.19
噻唑中间体的通用方法
步骤a)α-氨基腈的制备
方法a1)
将醛(2.21mmol,1当量)溶于冰AcOH(6.8mL)中。依次加入AcONa(3.315mmol,1.5当量)和胺(2.652mmol,1.2当量),在室温在N2下搅拌。将该黄色溶液搅拌1hr,然后冷却至0℃。滴加TMSCN(4.42mmol,2当量),并使该混合液温至室温。如需要,在随后数小时内,分两批加入1当量TMSCN(1.1mmol x 2)。当通过UPLC-MS观察到转化完成时,加入水(5mL),并将该溶液蒸发。将饱和的NaHCO3溶液(20mL)加入残余物中,并将该混合液用DCM萃取(15mLx3)。将合并的有机相干燥(无水Na2SO4),并蒸发。将粗品经快速色谱(SiO2)用石油醚/AcOEt洗脱纯化,得到纯的α-氨基腈(65%平均收率)。
使用方法a1,分别从2-噻唑甲醛和1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉、4,4-二氟哌啶盐酸盐和吗啉起始制备A0013_15_01(收率59%)、A0013_24_01(收率60%)、A0011_48_01(收率71%);分别从4-噻唑-甲醛和4,4-二氟哌啶、盐酸高吗啉起始制备中间体A0013_23_01(收率60%)、A0015_24_01(收率61%);分别从5-噻唑-甲醛和吗啉、4,4-二氟哌啶盐酸盐、1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉、中间体(10)、中间体(9)和哌啶起始制备中间体A0015_04_01(收率65%)、A0013_41_01(收率83%)、A0013_41_02(收率50%)、A0013_83_01(收率64%)、A0015_85_01(收率79%)、A0016_13_01(收率74.5%);分别从噻唑-4-甲基-5-基甲醛和1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉、4,4-二氟哌啶盐酸盐、吗啉、中间体(10)、中间体(9)、3,3-二氟哌啶盐酸盐和3,3-二氟氮杂环丁烷盐酸盐起始制备中间体A0015_48_01(收率50%)、A0015_47_01(收率85%)、A0015_46_01(收率22%)、A0018_42_01(收率83%)、A0018_41_01(收率90%)、A0017_69_01(收率72%)和A0017_70_01(收率81%);从中间体(1)和4,4-二氟哌啶盐酸盐、1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉和中间体(10)起始制备中间体A0012_57_01(收率79%)、A0012_58_01(收率69%)和A0018_14_01(收率73%);从中间体(2b)和4,4-二氟哌啶盐酸盐起始制备中间体A0018_57_01;从中间体(3d)和4,4-二氟哌啶盐酸盐起始得到中间体A0018_72_01;从中间体(13)和4,4-二氟哌啶盐酸盐起始得到中间体A0018_91_01(收率71%);从中间体(14)和4,4-二氟哌啶盐酸盐起始得到中间体A0020_17_01(收率84%);从中间体(15b)和4,4-二氟哌啶盐酸盐起始得到中间体A0020_25_01(收率67%);从中间体(1)和盐酸高吗啉起始得到中间体A0020_10_02(收率45%);从4-甲基-5-噻唑甲醛和2-[2-(三氟甲基)苯基]吗啉起始得到中间体A0021_05_01(收率81%);从4-甲基-5-噻唑甲醛和2-(2,4-二氟苯基)吗啉起始得到中间体A0021_06_02(收率87%);从4-甲基-5-噻唑甲醛和2-(1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-基)吗啉起始得到中间体A0021_06_04(收率95%);从甲基-5-噻唑甲醛和5-氧杂-8-氮杂螺[3.5]壬烷起始制备中间体A0021_06_03(收率77%);从甲基-5-噻唑甲醛和中间体16起始制备中间体A0020_33_01(收率61%);从中间体17c和4,4-二氟哌啶盐酸盐起始制备中间体A0016_39_01(收率72%);从中间体18c和4,4-二氟哌啶盐酸盐起始制备中间体A0016_40_01(收率64%);从中间体1和中间体16起始得到中间体A0017_98_01(收率19%);从中间体19c和吗啉起始得到A0016_46_01(收率51%);从中间体19c和4,4-二氟哌啶盐酸盐起始得到A0016_45_01(收率45%);从中间体20d和4,4-二氟哌啶盐酸盐起始制备中间体A0020_60_01(收率42%);从中间体21c和4,4-二氟哌啶盐酸盐起始得到A0018_98_01(收率39%);从2-叔丁基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲醛和4,4-二氟哌啶盐酸盐起始得到A0016_55_05(收率67%);从4-环丙基-1,3-噻唑-5-甲醛和4,4-二氟哌啶盐酸盐起始得到A0021_41_01(收率79%)。从中间体21c和吗啉起始制备A0016_96_01(收率58%)。
方法a2)
将醛(1.33mmol,1当量)溶于干燥的MeCN(3mL)中,并在室温、在氮气气氛下加入冰AcOH(≈10滴)。10分钟后,滴加胺(1.33mmol,1当量),并将得到的橙色溶液在室温搅拌30分钟。然后将该混合液用冰浴冷却至0℃,并滴加TMSCN(2mmol,1.5当量)。继续在室温搅拌直至醛完全转化(通常≈1.5h)。将该反应用饱和的NaHCO3水溶液淬灭,并在真空下除去溶剂。将得到的水性混合液用DCM萃取(20mLx3),并将合并的有机相经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,并蒸发。最后,将残余物经硅胶快速色谱纯化(洗脱剂50/50石油醚/EtOAc),得到纯的α-氨基腈。
使用方法a2,从4-噻唑-甲醛和吗啉起始制备中间体A0015_02_01(收率67%)。相似地,从4-噻唑-甲醛和1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉起始制备A0015_01_01(收率53%)。
步骤b)二胺的制备
方法b1)
将α-氨基腈(0.478mmol,1当量)溶于3M在MeOH中的NH3(16mL,100当量)中,并将该溶液氢化,在H-CubeTM连续流装置中,使用阮内镍筒(55mm长的CatCart),使用0.7mL/min流速。氢压力范围为30至60巴,且温度为30℃至40℃,取决于底物。在适合的反应时间(通常2h)后,将该溶液蒸发,得到伯胺,将其未经任何纯化地原样用于下一个步骤中(65%平均收率)。
使用方法b1,从A0015_02_01起始制备中间体A0013_31_01(收率91%);从A0015_01_01起始制备中间体A0015_11_01(收率34%);从A0015_24_01起始制备中间体A0015_25_01(收率27%);从A0013_23_01起始制备中间体A0013_30_01(收率64%);从A0013_41_02起始制备中间体A0013_33_01(收率55%);从A0015_04_01起始制备中间体A0013_40_01(收率41%);从A0013_41_01起始制备中间体A0013_54_03(收率65%);从A0013_83_01起始制备中间体A0017_01_01(收率45%);从A0015_85_01起始制备中间体A0016_09_01(收率39%);从A0016_13_01起始制备中间体A0016_17_01(收率9%);从A0015_48_01起始制备中间体A0015_52_01(收率50%);从A0015_47_01起始制备中间体A0015_56_01(收率76%);从A0015_46_01起始制备中间体A0015_54_01(收率75%);从A0018_42_01起始制备中间体A0017_59_01(收率84%);从A0018_41_01起始制备中间体A0017_58_01(收率76%);从A0017_69_01起始制备中间体A0017_73_01(收率88%);从A0017_70_01起始制备中间体A0017_72_01(收率86%);从A0018_57_01起始制备中间体A0018_58_01(收率81%);从A0018_72_1起始制备中间体A0018_75_01(收率77%);从A0021_05_01起始制备中间体A0021_07_01(收率91%);从A0021_06_02起始制备中间体A0021_07_02(收率74%);从A0021_06_04起始制备中间体A0021_07_04(收率52%);从A0021_06_03起始制备中间体A0021_07_03(收率33%);从A0016_39_01起始制备A0020_66_01(收率81%);从A0016_40_01起始制备A0020_69_01(收率70%);从A0016_46_01起始制备A0016_48_01(收率:81%);从A0016_45_01起始制备A0016_47_01(收率66%);从A0020_60_01起始制备A0020_63_01(收率86%);从A0016_55_05起始制备A0016_59_01(收率88%)。
方法b2)
方法b2由两-步骤操作组成:
步骤b2-1
将α-氨基腈(1当量)、Boc2O(2当量)和氯化镍(II)六水合物(0.05当量)溶于干燥的甲醇(0.75mL)中,并冷却至0℃。然后历经45分钟分批加入硼氢化钠(7当量),同时搅拌。将该反应混合液搅拌3h,随后加入乙二胺(3当量),并将该反应混合液回复至室温。再搅拌0.5h后,在真空下除去溶剂,并将得到的固体用饱和的碳酸氢钠水溶液(10mL)和EtOAc(10mL)溶解。将有机层用盐水洗涤,并干燥(Na2SO4)。将得到的N-Boc-α-氨基腈经硅胶快速色谱纯化。
使用步骤b2-1中描述的方法,从A0013_15_01起始制备中间体A0013_16_01(收率35%);从A0013_24_01起始制备中间体A0013_26_01(收率28%);从A0011_48_01起始制备中间体A0011_52_01(收率51%)。
步骤b2-
将N-Boc-α-氨基腈溶于1/1DCM/TFA(1-2mL)中,并在室温搅拌直至反应完成。然后在真空下除去溶剂,得到纯的α-氨基腈,为其TFA盐,将其未经任何纯化地用于之后的合成步骤中。
使用步骤b2-2中描述的方法,从A0013_16_01起始制备中间体A0013_28_01;从A0013_26_01起始制备中间体A0013_28_03;从A0011_52_01起始制备中间体A0011_54_01。
方法b3)
在氮气气氛下将α-氨基腈(1当量)溶于干燥的THF中,并将该溶液用冰浴冷却至0℃。滴加1M LiAlH4在干燥的THF中的混悬液(1当量),并将该反应混合液在0℃搅拌30min。重复该操作(通常3次)直至通过TLC观测到腈完全消耗。通过在0℃缓慢加入MeOH直至气体逸出完成来将该反应淬灭。将该混合液蒸发,并将粗品经硅胶快速色谱纯化(洗脱剂DCM/MeOH/NH4OH),得到纯的α-氨基腈,为油状物。
使用方法b3,从A0012_57_01起始制备中间体A0012_61_02(收率45%);从A0012_58_01起始制备中间体A0012_63_01(收率45%);从A0018_14_01起始制备中间体A0018_16_01(收率42%);从A0018_91_01起始制备中间体A0018_93_01(收率14%);从A0020_17_01起始制备中间体A0020_19_01(收率41%);从A0020_25_01起始制备中间体A0020_26_01(收率42%);从A0020_10_02起始制备中间体A0020_37_01(收率49%);从A0020_33_01起始得到A0020_38_01(收率38%);从A0017_98_01起始得到A0020_31_01(收率50%);从A0021_41_01起始得到A0016_57_01(收率40%)。
方法b4)
在氮气气氛下将A0016_96_01(0.10g,0.405mmol)溶于干燥的DCM(4mL)中,并将该溶液冷却至0℃。在相同的温度滴加(1M)在DCM中的DIBAL-H(1.6mL,1.62mmol,4当量),并将该反应混合液搅拌30min。通过加入(1M)在MeOH中的HCl(3mL)停止该反应,过滤,并在真空下除去溶剂。将残余物溶于饱和的NaHCO3溶液(10mL)中,并用DCM(10mLx3)和EtOac(10mLx3)萃取。将合并的有机萃取物经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,并蒸发,得到A0022_01_01(0.069g,收率65%),为棕色固体。
实施例A.20
将中间体A0016_13_01(0.235g,1.134mmol,1当量)溶于MeOH(11mL)中,并用冰浴将该无色溶液冷却至0℃。加入CoCl2.6H2O(405mg,1.7mmol,1.5当量),得到紫罗兰色溶液。然后分批加入NaBH4(0.214g,5.67mmol,5当量)(小心:剧烈鼓泡!)。立即得到深色混合液。在相同的温度1h后,通过TLC(95/5/0.5DCM/MeOH/NH4OH)观测到原料几乎完全转化。加入NaBH4(0.107g,2.5mmol,2.2当量),1h后,通过加入NH4OH将该反应淬灭。
将该混合液经celite垫过滤,用MeOH洗涤。将该溶液蒸发,并将残余物混悬于DCM(15mL)中。将该混合液经celite垫过滤,用DCM洗涤。将该溶液蒸发,并将粗品(深色油状物,通过TLC观测到为复杂混合物)经快速色谱(10g,SiO2,Biotage)用95/5/0.5DCM/MeOH/NH4OH洗脱纯化,得到A0016_17_01(0.022g,收率9%),为深色油状物。
实施例A.21
5-噁唑基衍生物的通用方法
步骤a)α-氨基腈的制备
方法a1)
将适合的噁唑醇中间体(11)或中间体(12)(0.858mmol,1当量)溶于DCM(1.5mL)中,并将该溶液冷却至0℃。加入戴斯-马丁氧化剂(0.943mmol,1.1当量),并将该混合液在相同的温度搅拌。几分钟后形成白色混悬液,30min后,通过TLC(95/5DCM/MeOH)得知转化完成。醛中间体未分离。将冰AcOH(5mL)、AcONa(1.93mmol,2.25当量)和适合的胺(1.54mmol,1.8当量)连续该混悬液中,并使该混合液温至室温。1.5小时后,加入TMSCN(2.57mmol,3当量),并将该混合液在搅拌下在相同的温度放置过夜。然后将挥发物蒸发,并将饱和的NaHCO3溶液(40mL)加入残余物中。将该混合液用EtOAc萃取(20mLx3),将合并的有机相干燥(无水Na2SO4),并减压浓缩。将粗品经快速色谱使用石油醚和AcOEt的混合液(从9/1至4/6)洗脱纯化。分离出纯的α-氨基腈,为无色油状物(平均收率53%)。
使用类似的方法,从中间体(11)起始分别使用吗啉、4,4-二氟哌啶盐酸盐、1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉或中间体(10)制备中间体A0015_60_01(收率45%)、A0015_64_01(收率51%)、A0015_65_01(收率40%)和A0017_43_01(收率37%);从中间体(12)起始分别使用吗啉、4,4-二氟哌啶盐酸盐或1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉制备中间体A0016_31_01(收率45%)、A0016_29_01、(收率67%)和A0016_30_01(收率71%)。
方法a2)
将2,4-二甲基噁唑-5-甲醛(0.1g,0.8mmol,1当量)溶于冰AcOH(2mL)中。在室温在N2下搅拌着依次加入AcONa(1.91mmol,2.4当量)和4,4-二氟哌啶盐酸盐(0.151g,0.96mmol,1.2当量)。将该黄色溶液搅拌2h,然后冷却至0℃。滴加TMSCN(0.3mL,2.4mmol,3当量),使该混合液温至室温,并搅拌过夜。然后通过加入MeOH停止该反应,并通过蒸发除去溶剂。
将粗品溶于DCM中,加入饱和的NaHCO3溶液(20mL),并将该混合液用DCM萃取(15mLx3)。将合并的有机相干燥(无水Na2SO4),并蒸发。将粗品经快速色谱(SiO2)用100%石油醚→1/1石油醚/乙酸乙酯洗脱纯化,得到纯的标题的α-氨基腈A0017_46_05(0.237g,收率79%)。
步骤b)二胺的制备
方法b1)
将α-氨基腈(1当量)溶于3M在MeOH中NH3(100当量)中,并将该溶液在H-CubeTM连续流装置使用阮内镍筒(30mmThalesNano)氢化,使用1mL/min流速。氢气压力为从30至60巴,且温度为30℃至40℃,取决于底物。适合的时间后(通常2h),将该溶液蒸发,得到纯的伯胺,将其未经任何纯化地用于下一个步骤(平均收率75%)。
使用类似的方法,分别从A0015_60_01、A0015_64_01、A0015_65_01和A0017_43_01起始制备中间体A0015_61_01(收率83%)、A0015_66_01(收率83%)、A0015_67_02(收率79%)和A0017_67_01(收率80%)。分别从A0016_31_01、A0016_29_01和A0016_30_01起始制备中间体A0017_27_01(收率65%)、A0017_28_01(收率77%)和A0017_34_01(收率73%)。
方法b2)
将α-氨基腈A0017_46_05(0.22g,0.86mmol,1当量)溶于3M在MeOH中的NH3(100当量)中,并将该溶液在H-CubeTM连续流装置中使用阮内镍筒(30mmThalesNano)氢化,使用1mL/min流速。氢气压力为50巴,且温度为30℃至40℃。3小时后,停止氢化,并将该溶液蒸发,得到含伯胺A0017_53_01的粗品,将其未经任何纯化地用于下一个步骤(0.175g,收率78%)。
B最终化合物的制备
实施例B.1
方法a)
最终产物A0015_08_01、A0015_10_02和A0015_12_01的制备
将2-氯-6-氟苯甲酸(0.281mmol,1当量)和HBTU(0.281mmol,1当量)的混合液溶于干燥的DMF(1.4ml)中。将该浅黄色的溶液在密封管中在N2下冷却至0℃,并滴加DIPEA(1.125mmol,4当量)。在相同的温度16小时后,滴加伯胺(A0013_40_01或A0013_54_03或A0013_33_01,0.281mmol,1当量)在干燥的DMF(1.4mL)中的溶液。然后使该混合液温至室温,适合的时间(30min-1h)后该反应完成。将溶剂蒸发,并将残余物在饱和的NaHCO3溶液(20mL)和DCM(15mL)之间分配。将水相进一步用DCM萃取(15ml x 2),并将合并的有机相干燥(Na2SO4),并蒸发。将粗品经快速色谱(SiO2)用85/15DCM/EtOAc或50/50石油醚/乙酸乙酯洗脱纯化。将残余物经制备型LC-MS纯化(参见分析部分)。将合并的收集的级分蒸发至小体积(1-2mL)。通过使用PL-HCO3MP SPE筒(Agilent Technologies,0.1g,6mL体积)除去TFA抗衡离子。最后,通过Martin Christ系统进行冷冻干燥,得到标题化合物A0015_08_01、A0015_10_02或A0015_12_01(对于偶联步骤,60%平均收率)。
使用类似的方法制备了以下的化合物:
从A0013_28_01起始制备了A0013_29_01;
从A0013_28_03起始制备了A0013_29_03;
从A0011_54_01起始制备了A0015_09_02;
从A0013_30_01起始制备了A0013_29_02;
从A0013_31_01起始制备了A0013_32_01;
从A0015_11_01起始制备了A0015_13_01
从A0015_25_01和草酸起始制备了A0015_28_03;
从A0017_01_01起始制备了A0017_05_01;
从A0016_09_01起始制备了A0016_10_01;
从A0016_17_01起始制备了A0016_20_03;
从A0015_52_01起始制备了A0015_55_01;
从A0015_56_01起始制备了A0015_58_02;
从A0015_54_01起始制备了A0015_57_02;
从A0012_61_02起始制备了A0012_60_01;
从A0012_63_01起始制备了A0012_64_01;
从A0015_61_01起始制备了A0015_62_03;
从A0015_66_01起始制备了A0015_68_02;
从A0015_67_02起始制备了A0015_69_02;
使用类似的方法但用2,6-二甲基苯甲酸化合物代替2-氯-6-氟苯甲酸
从A0013_40_01起始制备了A0013_42_05;
从A0013_54_03起始制备了A0013_55_05;
从A0013_33_01起始制备了A0013_58_03;
从A0017_01_01起始制备了A0017_05_03;
从A0016_09_01起始制备了A0016_11_02;
从A0015_52_01起始制备了A0015_73_01;
从A0015_56_01起始制备了A0015_72_01;
从A0015_54_01起始制备了A0015_71_02;
从A0012_61_02起始制备了A0012_62_02;
从A0012_63_01起始制备了A0012_65_01;
从A0015_66_01起始制备了A0016_24_02;
从A0015_67_02起始制备了A0016_25_02;
使用类似的方法但用5-氨基-2-氯苯甲酸化合物代替2-氯-6-氟苯甲酸
从A0013_40_01起始制备了A0013_42_04;
从A0013_54_03起始制备了A0013_55_04;
从A0013_33_01起始制备了A0013_58_02。
使用类似的方法但用2-氯-6-甲基苯甲酸化合物代替2-氯-6-氟苯甲酸
从A0013_40_01起始制备了A0013_42_02;
从A0013_54_03起始制备了A0013_55_02;
从A0013_33_01起始制备了A0013_58_01;
从A0017_01_01起始制备了A0017_05_02;
从A0012_61_02起始制备了A0012_62_01;
从A0012_63_01起始制备了A0012_66_01;
从A0021_07_02起始制备了A0021_26_04,为两个非对映异构体的混合物。
从A0021_26_04起始通过制备型LC-MS(参见分析部分)制备A0021_26_03,为单一非对映异构体
使用类似的方法但用中间体(4)化合物代替2-氯-6-氟苯甲酸
从A0013_54_03起始制备了A0013_82_01;
从A0015_56_01起始制备了A0016_23_02;
从A0015_54_01起始制备了A0017_13_01;
从A0015_66_01起始制备了A0016_26_02;
从A0017_28_01起始制备了A0017_37_04;
从A0017_27_01起始制备了A0017_37_05;
从A0017_34_01起始制备了A0017_37_06;
从A0012_61_02起始制备了A0017_50_01;
从A0017_53_01起始制备了A0017_55_01;
从A0017_73_01起始制备了A0017_75_02;
从A0017_72_01起始制备了A0017_75_01;
从A0018_58_01起始制备了A0018_60_01;
从A0018_75_01起始制备了A0018_76_01;
从A0017_58_01起始制备了A0017_83_01;
从A0018_93_01起始制备了A0018_94_01;
从A0020_19_01起始制备了A0020_21_01;
从A0020_26_01起始制备了A0021_17_01;
从A0020_37_01起始制备了A0021_24_01;
从A0021_07_03起始制备了A0021_09_01;
从A0021_07_04起始制备了A0021_10_01;
从A0020_38_01起始制备了A0021_24_02,未除去TFA抗衡离子;
从A0020_69_01起始制备了A0021_39_01;
从A0020_66_01起始制备了A0020_67_01;
从A0020_31_01起始制备了A0020_32_01;
从A0016_57_01起始制备了A0016_67_01;
从A0016_59_01起始制备了A0016_64_01;
从A0016_48_01起始制备了A0016_53_01;
从A0016_47_01起始制备了A0016_50_01。
使用类似的方法但用中间体(5)代替2-氯-6-氟苯甲酸,从A0015_56_01起始得到化合物A0017_81_03。
使用类似的方法但用中间体(6)代替2-氯-6-氟苯甲酸,从A0015_56_01起始得到化合物A0017_81_02;从A0012_61_02起始得到化合物A0018_88_01;从A0020_19_01起始得到化合物A0020_21_02;从A0020_26_01起始得到化合物A0020_28_01;从A0021_07_03起始得到化合物A0021_09_02;从A0021_07_04起始得到化合物A0021_10_02;从A0020_66_01起始得到化合物A0021_38_02
使用类似的方法但用中间体(7)代替2-氯-6-氟苯甲酸,从A0015_56_01起始得到化合物A0017_85_01;从A0012_61_02起始得到化合物A0018_89_01。
使用类似的方法但用中间体(8)代替2-氯-6-氟苯甲酸,从A0015_56_01起始得到化合物A0018_69_01;从A0012_61_02起始得到化合物A0018_89_02。
使用类似的方法但用5-喹啉甲酸代替2-氯-6-氟苯甲酸,从A0015_56_01起始制备了化合物A0016_21_02;从A0021_07_02起始得到化合物A0021_26_02;从A0020_66_01起始得到A0021_38_01;从A0020_69_01起始得到A0021_39_02;从A0016_48_01起始得到化合物A0016_54_01;从A0016_57_01起始得到A0016_68_01;从A0016_59_01起始得到A0016_65_01。
使用类似的方法但用2,3-二甲氧基苯甲酸化合物代替2-氯-6-氟苯甲酸
从A0013_54_03起始制备了A0017_09_03;
从A0017_28_01起始制备了A0017_37_01;
从A0017_27_01起始制备了A0017_37_02;
从A0017_34_01起始制备了A0017_37_03。
使用类似的方法但用2-氯-4-(1,1-二氧化-2-异噻唑烷基)-苯甲酸化合物代替2-氯-6-氟苯甲酸,从A0015_56_01起始制备了A0016_60_01。
使用类似的方法但用7-氟-2-氧代-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉-6-甲酸化合物代替2-氯-6-氟苯甲酸,从A0015_56_01起始制备了A0016_61_01。
方法b)
将2-氯-6-氟苯甲酰氯(0.013mL,0.09mmol,1.05当量)加入在干燥的DCM(1mL)中的伯胺(0.08mmol)和TEA(0.063mL,0.45mmol,5当量)的搅拌的溶液中。将该反应混合液在室温搅拌过夜,然后在2%KOH和DCM之间分配。将有机层经Na2SO4(干燥)干燥,过滤,最后蒸发,得到粗制的最终产物,将其经制备型LC-MS纯化(参见分析部分)。将合并的收集的级分蒸发至小体积(1-2mL)。通过使用PL-HCO3MP SPE筒(Agilent Technologies,0.1g,6mL体积)除去TFA抗衡离子。最后,通过Martin Christ系统进行冷冻干燥,得到游离碱最终产物。
从A0017_28_01起始制备了A0017_33_01;
从A0017_27_01起始制备了A0017_33_02;
从A0017_59_01起始制备了A0017_60_02;
从A0017_58_01起始制备了A0017_60_01;
从A0018_16_01起始制备了A0018_17_01;
从A0017_67_01起始制备了A0017_68_01;
从A0017_73_01起始制备了A0017_74_02;
从A0018_58_01起始制备了A0018_59_01;
从A0018_93_01起始制备了A0018_95_01;
从A0020_19_01起始制备了A0020_20_01;
从A0020_26_01起始制备了A0020_27_01;
从A0021_07_01起始制备了A0021_07_11;
从A0021_07_02起始制备了A0021_07_22;
从A0021_07_04起始制备了A0021_07_44;
从A0021_07_03起始制备了A0021_07_33;
从A0020_38_01起始制备了A0021_25_02,未除去TFA抗衡离子;
从A0020_69_01起始制备了A0021_40_01;
从A0020_66_01起始制备了A0020_68_01;
从A0016_48_01起始制备了A0016_52_01;
从A0016_47_01起始制备了A0016_49_01;
从A0016_59_01起始制备了A0016_63_01;
从A0016_57_01起始制备了A0016_66_01;
从A0022_01_01起始制备了A0022_02_01;
使用类似的方法但用2,6-二氟苯甲酰氯代替2-氯-6-氟苯甲酰氯,从A0013_54_03起始制备了A0017_09_02。
实施例B.2
将中间体4(0.056g,0.22mmol,1.2当量)和HBTU(0.08g,0.28mmol,1.15当量)的混合液溶于干燥的DMF(3ml)中。在N2下将该浅黄色的溶液在密封管中冷却至0℃,滴加DIPEA(0.093mL,0.55mmol,3当量)。在相同的温度1h后,滴加A0020_63_01(0.095g,0.18mmol,1当量)在干燥的DMF(1mL)中的溶液。然后使该混合液温至室温,并搅拌过夜。将溶剂蒸发,并将残余物在饱和的NaHCO3溶液(20mL)和DCM(15mL)之间分配。将水相进一步用DCM萃取(15mLx2),将合并的有机相干燥(Na2SO4),并蒸发。将粗品(0.17g)经快速色谱(SiO2)用50/50石油醚/乙酸乙酯洗脱纯化,得到中间体A0020_65_01(0.09g,收率66%)。
将A0020_65_01(0.09g,0.120mmol,1当量)溶于干燥的THF(2mL)中,并在室温用1M在THF中的四丁基氟化铵(1.32mL,1.32mmol,1.2当量)处理。1h后,加入NH4Cl饱和溶液(1mL),减压除去溶剂,并将残余物在NaHCO3饱和溶液(4mL)和DCM(4mL)之间分配。将合并的有机萃取物经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,并蒸发,得到粗品(0.08g),将其经制备型LC-MS纯化(参见分析部分),得到A0020_71_01(0.01g,收率16%),为白色固体。
实施例B.3
将A0016_23_02(0.33g,0.067mmol,1当量)溶于干燥的DMF(0.7mL)中,并在氩气气氛下冷却至0-5℃。一批加入NaH(60%在矿物油中的混悬液,0.003g,0.074mmol,1.1当量),并将得到的黄色溶液在0℃搅拌30min。然后加入甲基碘(0.0086g,0.061mmol,0.9当量)在干燥的DMF(0.1mL)中的溶液,并将该反应混合液在0℃搅拌2分钟,然后在室温搅拌30min。通过加入水(0.1mL)和MeOH(0.1mL)停止反应。通过减压蒸发除去溶剂。将残余物溶于DCM(3mL)中,并用5%柠檬酸水溶液(3mL)、饱和的碳酸氢钠溶液(3mL)和盐水(3mL)洗涤。将有机层经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,并蒸发,得到0.043g粗品,将其经制备型LC-MS纯化(参见分析部分),得到A0018_81_01(19mg,收率28%),为白色固体。
实施例B.4
将A0018_98_01(0.040g,0.136mmol,1当量)溶于MeOH(4.5mL)中,并将该溶液在H-CubeTM连续流装置中使用阮内镍筒(55mm长CatCart)氢化,使用0.7mL/min流速。氢气压力为50巴,且温度为35℃。1h后,用草酸(0.037g,0.408mmol,3当量)处理该溶液,并在室温搅拌30min。减压除去溶剂,并通过加入乙醚(1mL)结晶粗品。将得到的固体用乙醚洗涤3次,得到淡黄色粉末,将其原样使用。
将该粗制的黄色草酸盐混悬于THF(2mL)中,并加入2-氯-5-氟-苯甲酰氯(0.077g,0.4mmol,2.94当量),随后加入饱和的NaHCO3水溶液(1mL)。将得到的混合液在室温搅拌1h。减压除去溶剂,并将水层用DCM萃取(10mL X 2)。将合并的有机萃取物经无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,并蒸发。将粗品经硅胶快速色谱纯化(EtOAc/石油醚50/50),得到粗制的油状物(30mg),将其经制备型LC-MS纯化(参见分析部分)。将收集的级分蒸发至小体积(1-2mL)。通过使用PL-HCO3MP SPE筒(Agilent Technologies,0.1g,6mL体积)除去TFA抗衡离子。通过MartinChrist系统进行冷冻干燥,得到白色固体,将其溶于乙醚(1mL)中,用草酸(1.5当量)处理,将得到的固体过滤,并用乙醚(5mLx 3)洗涤,得到A0021_11_01(0.019g,收率23%),为三氟乙酸盐。
实施例B.5
将A0018_98_01(0.07g,0.238mmol,1当量)溶于MeOH(3mL)中,并将该溶液在H-CubeTM连续流装置中使用阮内镍筒(55mm长CatCart)氢化,使用1mL/min流速。氢气压力为40巴,温度为35℃。1.5小时后,将该溶液用处理草酸(0.15g,1.66mmol,6.9当量,减压除去溶剂,得到白色粉末,将其照原样使用(主要含作为草酸盐的伯胺)。
将中间体4(0.033g,0.13mmol,1.1当量)和HBTU(0.049g,0.13mmol,1.1当量)的混合液溶于干燥的DMF(0.5mL)中。将该浅黄色的溶液在N2下在密封管中冷却至0℃,滴加干燥的TEA(0.105mL,0.75mmol,3当量)。在相同的温度2.5小时后,加入伯胺草酸盐(0.033g,0.13mmol,1当量)在干燥的DMF(1mL)中的溶液,并将该反应混合液在0℃搅拌15分钟,然后在室温搅拌过夜。通过加入水(0.1mL)将该反应淬灭,并蒸发。将粗品溶于DCM(3mL)中,用饱和的碳酸钠水溶液(23mLx2)和盐水(20mL)洗涤。将有机层经Na2SO4干燥,过滤,并蒸发。将粗品经硅胶快速色谱纯化(EtOAc/石油醚50/50),得到0.011g含A0021_24_04的固体。
重复该操作,从A0018_98_01(0.07g,0.238mmol)起始得到0.012g含A0021_24_04的固体。两含A0021_24_04的两批次合并,并经制备型LC-MS纯化(参见分析部分)。将合并的级分蒸发至小体积(1-2mL)。最后,通过Martin Christ系统进行冷冻干燥,得到A0021_24_04(0.015g,收率10%),为三氟乙酸盐。
表F-1列出了根据如实施例B.1,B.2,B.3,B.4和B.5中描述的实验程序制备和测试的最终化合物
(续)
(续)
(续)
(续)
(续)
(续)
(续)
(续)
(续)
(续)
(续)
(续)
分析部分
系统纯化
HPLC-MS制备型
HPLC系统Waters,其配备泵Waters 2525,样品管理器Waters 2767,具有515LCPump的柱液体管理系统(Column fluidic organizer),PDA Waters 2996,以及质谱仪ZQMicromass,其配备ESI源和单个四级杆检测器。使用两个流动相,流动相A:水(MilliQ)0,1%TFA;流动相B:乙腈(Chromasolv Sigma-Aldrich)0,1%TFA,且运行梯度条件对各化合物而言是专门设定的。使用两个制备柱:X-Bridge C18Waters 100x 19mm 5μm,其用于亲脂性化合物,以及Atlantis C18Waters 100x 19mm 5μm,其用于极性非常大的化合物。使用20至900μl的进样体积,流速为20ml/分钟。使用PL-HCO3MP筒除去抗衡离子,其是用于从HPLC洗脱剂和TFA盐的游离碱中除去TFA的季胺SAX(HCO3 -形式)装置。在Martin Christ系统中进行冷冻干燥。
外消旋物分离
方法1:使用Agilent 1100模块(包括带脱气机的四元泵、自动进样器、柱加热炉(设置为40℃)、二极管阵列检测器DAD(使用波长,220nm))处理化合物34外消旋物,以收集两种纯度足够对映异构体。在Chiral C18柱Cyclobond I 2000HP-RSI Supelco(5μm,4.6x150mm)上进行反相HPLC半制备,流速1.2ml/min。使用两种流动相,流动相A:水(MilliQ)0,1%TFA;流动相B:乙腈(Chromasolv Sigma-Aldrich)0,1%TFA,使用它们进行等浓度运行,用10%B进行20分钟。进样体积为20μl,进样溶液为2,2mg/mL。
方法2:任选地使用装备有WATERS UV/Visible检测器2489(使用的双波长为240和360nm)的WATERS Quaternary Gradient Mobile 2535处理化合物34外消旋物,以收集纯度足够对映异构体。在Chiral Kromasil5-Amycoat柱(5μm,4.6x 250mm)上进行正相HPLC分析,流速1.0ml/min。使用两种流动相,流动相A:己烷(Chromasolv,用于HPLC Sigma-Aldrich);流动相B:异丙醇(Chromasolv,用于HPLC Sigma-Aldrich),且使用它们进行等浓度运行,用40%B进行20分钟。进样体积为100μl,进样溶液为10,0mg/mL。
方法3:使用装备有WATERS UV/可见检测器2489(使用的双波长为240和360nm)的WATERS Quaternary Gradient Mobile 2535处理化合物61外消旋物,以收集两种纯度足够对映异构体。在Chiral Kromasil 5-Amycoat柱(5μm,4.6x 250mm)上进行正相HPLC分析,流速1.0ml/min。使用两种流动相,流动相A:己烷(Chromasolv,用于HPLC Sigma-Aldrich);流动相B:乙醇(Chromasolv,用于HPLC Sigma-Aldrich),,且使用它们进行等浓度,用15%B进行90分钟。进样体积为100μl,进样溶液为10,0mg/mL。
从外消旋物34得到作为单一对映异构体的化合物75和76。
从外消旋物61得到作为单一对映异构体的化合物127和128。
LCMS
LCMS通用操作
使用Agilent 1100模块(包括带脱气机的四元泵、自动进样器、柱加热炉(设置为40℃)、二极管阵列检测器DAD(使用的波长215nm)和如下文相应方法中指定的柱)进行HPLC测定。将来自柱的液流分入MS谱仪中。MS检测器(离子肼分析器Esquire 3000加Bruker)配备有电喷射离子化源。通过从50至1500扫描0.2秒获得质谱。在正离子模式下,毛细管电压(capillary needle voltag)是4kV,且源温度保持在在365℃。使用氮气作为雾化气,流速为10l/min。使用Data Analysis Bruker程序进行数据采集。
LCMS-操作1
除通用方法之外:在Discovery C18柱Supelco(5μm,4.6x 150mm)上进行反相HPLC,流速1.0ml/min。使用两种流动相,流动相A:水(MilliQ)0,05%TFA;流动相B:乙腈(Chromasolv Sigma-Aldrich)0,05%TFA,并使用它们进行以下梯度条件:在15分钟内20%B至90%,在0.9分钟内100%B,且在0.1分钟内20%B,并保持这些条件达4分钟以使柱再平衡。使用5μl的进样体积。
LCMS-操作2
除通用方法之外:在Discovery C18柱Supelco(5μm,4.6x 150mm)上进行反相HPLC,流速1.0ml/min。使用两种流动相,流动相A:水(MilliQ)0,05%TFA;流动相B:乙腈(Chromasolv Sigma-Aldrich)0,05%TFA,并使用它们进行以下梯度条件:在15分钟内5%B至50%,在0.9分钟内100%B,且在0.1分钟内5%B,并保持这些条件达4分钟以使柱再平衡。使用5μl的进样体积
LCMS-操作3
除通用方法之外:在Atlantis C18柱Waters(3μm,4.6x 100mm)上进行反相HPLC,流速1.0ml/min。使用两种流动相,流动相A:水(MilliQ)0,05%TFA;流动相B:乙腈(Chromasolv Sigma-Aldrich)0,05%TFA,并使用它们进行以下梯度条件:在12分钟内0%B至30%,在0.9分钟内50%B,在0.1分钟内0%B,并保持这些条件达3分钟以使柱再平衡。使用5μl的进样体积。
LCMS-操作4
除通用方法之外:在Chiral C18柱Cyclobond I 2000HP-RSI Supelco(5μm,4.6x150mm)上进行反相HPLC,流速1.0ml/min。使用两种流动相,流动相A:水(MilliQ)0,1%TFA;流动相B:乙腈(Chromasolv Sigma-Aldrich)0,1%TFA,并使用它们进行以下梯度条件:在15分钟内10%B至20%。使用5μl的进样体积。
LCMS-操作5
除通用方法之外:在Ascentis-Express柱(3μm,4.6x 150mm)上进行反相HPLC,流速1.0ml/min。使用两种流动相,流动相A:水(MilliQ)0,1%TFA;流动相B:乙腈(ChromasolvSigma-Aldrich)0,1%TFA,并使用它们进行以下梯度条件:在15分钟内10%B至20%。使用5μl的进样体积。
表F-3:以分钟计的保留时间(Rt),[M+H]+峰,LCMS操作
(续)
(续)
NMR表征
许多化合物的1H NMR谱是在Bruker Avance 400MHz仪上记录的,使用DMSO-d6或DMSO-d6,其具有一滴三氟乙酸作为溶剂。以相对于用作内标物的四甲基硅烷(TMS)的兆比率(ppm)报道化学位移(δ)。
药理学实施例
使用Screen QuestTMFluo-8无需洗脱钙检测试剂盒(No Wash Calcium AssayKit)发现本发明的各实施例为P2X7抑制剂。
Bz-ATP与P2X7受体的细胞外结合开启通道,并允许Ca2+流入细胞。使用ScreenQuestTM Fluo-8无需洗脱钙检测试剂盒(AAtcat.36316)在用P2X7受体稳定转染的HEK-293细胞中测定该Ca2+进入。一旦进入细胞,Fluo-8的亲脂性阻断基团就被非特异性细胞酯酶裂解,导致带阴电荷的荧光染料留在细胞内。在与钙结合后其荧光增加。当用Bz-ATP刺激HEK-293/P2X7细胞时,Ca2+进入细胞,且Fluo-8NW的荧光增加。该染料具有与氩激光源在488nm的激发相适应的吸收光谱,且其发射波长在515-575nm内的范围。
将用P2X7受体稳定转染的HEK-293细胞在生长培养基中以10,000至20,000细胞/孔的密度接种于384-孔板中过夜。24小时后,移去培养基,并将细胞在室温用20μL/w的Fluo-8NW预负荷1小时。然后使用FLIPRTETRA注入10μL/w的测试化合物和3X-浓度的参比拮抗剂A438079,并历经5分钟时段监测动态响应。使用FLIPR TETRA第二次注入15μL/w的3x参比活化剂(在EC80的Bz-ATP),并多记录3分钟发射的荧光的信号。在低二价阳离子测试缓冲液(Low Divalent Cation Assay Buffer)(0,3mM Ca2+和0mM Mg2+)中进行所有试验。以相对于参比拮抗剂百分比抑制来测定测试化合物的作用,并相应地计算IC50值。
使用摄取测定法发现本发明的各实施例为P2X7抑制剂。
为荧光的DNA-结合染料,具有374Da的MW(Molecular目录号Y3603)。该方法基于推测的进入扩张的或“大孔形式”的P2X7受体的能力和与胞内DNA结合的能力,由此其增强其荧光强度许多倍。该染料具有与氩激光源在488nm的激发相适应的吸收光谱,且其发射波长在515-575nm内的范围。该测定法的目的是利用Ca2+-敏感的荧光染料的供选的读出方式,验证拮抗剂与P2X7受体的相互作用。
将用P2X7受体稳定转染的HEK-293细胞在生长培养基中以20,000细胞/孔的密度接种于384-孔板中过夜。24小时后,移去培养基,并将细胞用Low Divalent Cation Assay缓冲液(0,3mM Ca2+和0mM Mg2+)洗涤,然后用20μL/w的5μM染料预负荷1小时。立即开始FLIPRTETRA萤光测定。然后使用FLIPRTETRA注入10μL/w的测试化合物和3X-浓度的参比拮抗剂A438079,并历经5分钟时段监测动态响应。使用FLIPRTETRA第二次注入10μL/w3x Bz-ATP EC80(30μM),并多记录60分钟发射的荧光的信号。使用低二价阳离子测试缓冲液(Low Divalent Cation Assay Buffer)(0,3mM Ca2+和0mM Mg2+)中进行所有试验。
以相对于参比拮抗剂百分比抑制来测定测试化合物的作用,并相应地计算IC50值。
(续)
通过自动膜片钳发现本发明的各实施例在人P2X7通道测定中有效。
为直接监测P2X7通道的阻滞,开发了电生理测定,并将其应用于QPatch16X自动电生理装置上。
将表达P2X7通道的HEK-293细胞在改良EMEM中培养。
实验前72小时,将5百万个细胞接种于T225烧瓶中。在即将实验之前将实验细胞将洗涤两次,使用胰蛋白酶-EDTA从烧瓶分离,再混悬于混悬溶液中,并置于QPatch 16x上。
试验当天制备在-20℃存储的化合物(20mM,在100%DMSO中)(在100%DMSO中以1:20首次稀释以制备1mM储备液,然后是外部溶液中的1μM溶液+1:10的系列稀释)。
在室温进行标准的全细胞电压钳固定实验。对于这些实验,使用多孔技术,并在2KHz对数据进行采样。
细胞内溶液包含(mM)135CsF、10NaCl、1EGTA、10HEPES、(pH 7.2,使用CsOH),而细胞外溶液包含(mM)145NaCl、4KCl、0.5MgCl2、1CaCl2、10HEPES、10Glc(pH 7.4,使用NaOH)。
在全细胞模式中建立密封和通道后,将细胞保持在-80mV。通过单独施用100mM的BzATP(4次),然后在存在增加的浓度(1、10、100和1000nM)的被调查化合物的情况下,诱发P2XR7电流。
如图中所示(应用方案),预孵育期5至8包含增加浓度(1、10、100和1000nM)的所关注化合物。
在增加的浓度的被研究化合物不存在或存在的情况下,测定BzATP诱发的最大内向电流,并标准化。将潜在的拮抗作用测定为对照的%以及通过拟合剂量响应曲线数据使用以下等式而测定的IC50:
Y=100/(1+10^((LogIC50-X)*HillSlope))
其中:
X:浓度的对数
Y:标准化的响应,100%降至0%,其随着X增加而降低。
LogIC50:与X相同的对数单位
HillSlope:坡度因子或HS,无单位
化合物 | hP2X7(IC50;nM) | ±SEM |
14 | 22.74 | 3.17 |
29 | 36.13 | 7.54 |
34 | 130.70 | 7.56 |
35 | 947 | 184 |
39 | 61.91 | 12.79 |
47 | 33.93 | 4.78 |
57 | 70.99 | 16.31 |
59 | 69.21 | 17.52 |
60 | 58.87 | 10.25 |
61 | 56.33 | 12.63 |
66 | 82.49 | 8.86 |
67 | 117.13 | 18.26 |
68 | 63.13 | 0.63 |
69 | 31.41 | 2.15 |
70 | 58.40 | 9.19 |
72 | 78.09 | 15.42 |
74 | 65.22 | 2.01 |
76 | 35,88 | 1.42 |
77 | 183,13 | 55.36 |
88 | 52.06 | 6.02 |
102 | 57.12 | 8.84 |
127 | 65.72 | 13.57 |
Claims (12)
1.以下式(I)的化合物或其可药用盐:
包括其任何立体化学异构形式,其中
n是1或2;
Y表示氧或硫;
R1和R2各自独立地选自氢、氘、卤素,C1-C4烷基,其任选地被羟基或卤素取代、诸如羟基甲基、氟甲基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基,任选地被羟基或卤素取代的C3-C6环烷基,或C1-C4烷基氧基;R3和R4各自独立地选自氢、卤素、C1-C4烷基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、C1-C4烷基氧基、NR9R10,其中R9和R10独立地是氢或C1-C4烷基或2-噻唑烷-1,1-二酮;或两个R3基团或R3和R4基团一起形成包含氮原子的6元的杂环;
R5选自氢、卤素,或者是杂环,其选自嘧啶-2-基、吡啶-2-基或吡嗪-2-基,其任选地被卤素、C1-C4烷基、氟甲基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基或C1-C4烷基氧基取代;
R7是氢或C1-C4烷基;
基团
表示任选地被取代的氮杂环丁烷、吡咯烷、哌啶、吗啉、氧杂氮杂环庚烷或1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉环,其中R6各自独立地选自氢、卤素、C1-C4烷基、C3-C6环烷基、C3-C6螺环烷基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基、C1-C4烷基氧基、芳基、杂芳基、C1-C4芳基氧基或C1-C4芳基烷氧基,其中所述芳基或杂芳基任选地被卤素、C1-C4烷基、氟甲基、二氟甲基、三氟甲基或C1-C4烷基氧基取代。
2.根据权利要求1的式(I)的化合物,其中R7是氢,且n是1。
3.根据权利要求1或2的式(I)的化合物,其中R1和R2均是氢,或者其中之一是氢,且另一个是甲基,乙基,丙基,叔丁基,其任选地被羟基或氟取代,C3-C6环烷基,其任选地被羟基或氟取代。
4.根据前述权利要求中任意一项的式(I)的化合物,其中R5是氢,且R3和R4各自独立地是氢、卤素、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷基氧基、NR9R10,其中R9和R10独立地是氢或C1-C4烷基或2-噻唑烷-1,1-二酮;或两个R3基团或R3和R4基团一起形成包含氮原子的6元的杂环。
5.根据权利要求1-4的式(I)的化合物,其中R4是氢,间位的R3是氢,邻位的R3选自卤素或C1-C4烷基,且R5是杂环,其选自嘧啶-2-基、吡啶-2-基或吡嗪-2-基,其任选地被卤素取代。
6.根据前述权利要求中任意一项的式(I)的化合物,其中环A选自
其中R6是氢、卤素、苄基氧基或苯氧基、苯基、吡唑、C3-C6环烷基,其任选地被卤素取代、优选被氟取代。
7.根据权利要求(I)的式(I)的化合物,其选自:
8.制备如权利要求1中所定义的式(I)的化合物的方法,其包括以下步骤:将式(II)的化合物,其中n、Y、A和R1、R2和R6的含义如权利要求1中所定义,
与式(III)的化合物反应,其中R3、R4和R5的含义如权利要求1中所定义;
或者与式(IIIa)的化合物反应,其中R3、R4和R5的含义如权利要求1中所定义,且W是适合的离去基团;
且任选地将得到的式(I)的化合物转化为其加成盐,和/或制备其立体化学异构形式。
9.药物组合物,其包含根据权利要求1-7的式(I)的化合物和可药用稀释剂和/或载体。
10.用作药物的根据权利要求1-7的式(I)的化合物。
11.根据权利要求1-7的式(I)的化合物,其用于治疗病症或疾病,所述病症或疾病选自P2X7受体介导的病症或疾病。
12.根据权利要求1-7的式(I)的化合物,其用于预防和/或治疗神经变性疾病、认知障碍、精神病学障碍、神经病性疼痛、慢性疼痛、HIV-诱导的神经炎症和CNS损伤、癫痫、肌肉-骨骼系统的炎性过程、肝纤维化、胃肠道障碍、生殖泌尿道障碍、眼部疾病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、癌症和增殖性疾病。
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CN111377867A (zh) * | 2018-12-28 | 2020-07-07 | 南京药石科技股份有限公司 | 一种合成2-(1-烷基-1h-吡唑-4-基)吗啉的中间体及其制备方法和应用 |
CN111377867B (zh) * | 2018-12-28 | 2022-09-06 | 南京药石科技股份有限公司 | 一种合成2-(1-烷基-1h-吡唑-4-基)吗啉的中间体及其制备方法和应用 |
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HUE037545T2 (hu) | 2018-09-28 |
IL247081B (en) | 2019-11-28 |
US9718812B2 (en) | 2017-08-01 |
RU2701858C1 (ru) | 2019-10-02 |
US20170283409A1 (en) | 2017-10-05 |
ES2670093T3 (es) | 2018-05-29 |
CA2938703C (en) | 2023-01-31 |
CN106103432B (zh) | 2019-10-18 |
WO2015118019A9 (en) | 2016-04-21 |
EP2905282A1 (en) | 2015-08-12 |
IL247081A0 (en) | 2016-09-29 |
EP3102573B1 (en) | 2018-04-11 |
TR201809769T4 (tr) | 2018-07-23 |
DK3102573T3 (en) | 2018-06-18 |
LT3102573T (lt) | 2018-06-25 |
US20170008883A1 (en) | 2017-01-12 |
SI3102573T1 (en) | 2018-07-31 |
JP2017508733A (ja) | 2017-03-30 |
CA2938703A1 (en) | 2015-08-13 |
PT3102573T (pt) | 2018-05-22 |
EP3102573A1 (en) | 2016-12-14 |
HRP20180973T1 (hr) | 2018-08-10 |
JP6858560B2 (ja) | 2021-04-14 |
PL3102573T3 (pl) | 2018-11-30 |
WO2015118019A1 (en) | 2015-08-13 |
RS57415B1 (sr) | 2018-09-28 |
US10167281B2 (en) | 2019-01-01 |
CY1120295T1 (el) | 2019-07-10 |
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