CN106087390A - 一种绿色环保全棉上浆剂 - Google Patents
一种绿色环保全棉上浆剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种纯棉上浆剂，其制备方法如下：（1）制备螺旋藻提取液；（2）制备脆性秸秆提取液；（3）按照比例，取适量水，纳米二氧化钛、小苏打、元明粉、三甘醇、甘油、螺旋藻提取液、脆性秸秆提取液依次加入，搅拌溶解均匀，放置2小时后可以使用。从感官上看，使用本发明上浆剂处理后在进行数码打印的棉布，布料的色泽加深、印刷效果逼真，颜色鲜艳，而且手感明显要柔软很多，并且具有一定的类似真丝的手感。而且本发明的上浆剂不含尿素，非常环保。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纺织上浆剂技术领域，具体涉及一种绿色环保全棉上浆剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
由于石油基产品的不可再生性及合纤织物穿着舒适度较差等原因，天然纤维(如棉、毛、蚕丝)的优势再一次显现出来，天然纤维织物的需求量和消耗量也呈现出逐年上升的趋势。纵观现有的应用于天然纤维的上浆材料，淀粉是最为重要的品种之一，占纺织浆料消耗总量的70％左右。淀粉对天然纤维尤其是纤维素纤维的上浆性能佳，对环境友好，然而，世界性的“粮食危机”已日益严峻，国内的粮食价格近几年来更是大幅增长，淀粉的价格水涨船高，“上浆不用粮”的需求又显得迫切起来；聚乙烯醇(PVA)也是针对天然纤维的主浆料之一，其消耗量仅次于淀粉浆料，约占纺织浆料消耗总量的20％。由于PVA的生物可降解性能极差，不利于环境保护，欧美一些国家早在本世纪初就将其列为“不洁浆料”而加以禁用，我国的纺织浆料界近几年来也开始大力倡导不用或少用PVA；而作为三大浆料中用量最小的聚丙烯酸类浆料，虽然其浆膜的断裂伸长率较高，但浆膜强度却很低，被专业人士称之为“柔而不坚”。此外，聚丙烯酸类浆料的吸湿再粘现象十分严重，这些缺陷使得该浆料通常只能辅助其它主浆料以小比例混合使用。
全棉数码印花对纺织上浆剂的要求很高，跟普通纺织上浆剂不同，要求印刷清晰，色彩还原度好，而且色牢度好，至少要求3级以上。因此喷墨印花前需对织物进行上浆预处理，一般选用海藻酸钠作为增稠剂，加入尿素作为吸湿剂，减少墨水在织物上向四周渗化，有较好印制效果，但喷印后织物的颜色较浅。而且活性染料印花过程中需加入大量尿素，一方面起助溶作用，另一方面起吸湿与膨化作用，能在汽蒸时释放锁住的水分，为染料与纤维固着提供有利条件，并且使纤维充分溶胀而加速染料固着。但是尿素排入水中，自然分解成二氧化碳和含氮化合物，后者可加速藻类物质的生长，最终引起水质富营养化现象，是化学需氧量和氨氮污染物主要来源之一。
2013年1月1日起实施的新版GB 4287—2012《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》中提高了污染物排放控制要求，其中对氨氮、总氮含量和化学需氧量均作了严格的特别排放限值。因此，急需提高染料利用率、降低尿素、提高着色程度的染色方法。
本发明旨在提供一种绿色环保全棉上浆剂及其制备方法，大量采用了天然材料，绿色环保，而且用这种上浆剂对棉布上浆后再进行打印，布料的色泽、打印效果、色牢度都得到很好的改善。
发明内容
基于背景技术存在的技术问题，本发明针对全棉数码印花的印前处理，通过多年的研究和实验，并且通过优化工艺的条件，提供一种绿色环保全棉上浆剂及其制备方法，大量采用了天然材料，绿色环保，而且用这种上浆剂对棉布上浆后再进行打印，布料的色泽、打印效果、色牢度都得到很好的改善。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种纯棉上浆剂，其由如下重量份原料组成：
上述纯棉上浆剂，其制备方法如下：
(1)制备螺旋藻提取液：
称取300g螺旋藻粉，置于10L的0.5％柠檬酸溶液中处理5-8min，然后用蒸馏水反复洗涤后烘干，再置于1L质量浓度为60％的氯化钙沸溶液中处理20min，部分螺旋藻粉溶解，将上述混合溶液用纱布过滤进行粗提，获得螺旋藻提取液；
(2)制备脆性秸秆提取液：
称取1000g脆性秸秆粉，置于10L的0.5％柠檬酸沸溶液中处理45min，然后调节pH为7，再倒入3L质量浓度为60％的氯化钙沸溶液中处理20min，将上述混合溶液用纱布过滤进行粗提，获得脆性秸秆提取液提取液；
(3)按照比例，取适量水，纳米二氧化钛、小苏打、元明粉、三甘醇、甘油、螺旋藻提取液、脆性秸秆提取液依次加入，搅拌溶解均匀，放置2小时后可以使用。
脆秆水稻的成功育种，一方面增加了水稻的抗倒伏性，另一方面，脆秆纤维素含量降低、营养成分改变和脆性增加等特点，使其有望发展成为一种新型的饲料资源。但是还没有人尝试将脆性秸秆作为原料制备印染助剂。
螺旋藻养殖多年来在我国从海南岛到内蒙古都已经形成规模化养殖生产，基础牢固，技术成熟，我国是目前世界上螺旋藻产量最高的国家。特别是近年来在内蒙古鄂托克旗建立了“螺旋藻产业工业园区”，螺旋藻养殖基地占地近1万亩之多，年产食品级螺旋藻粉5000吨以上，已经成为世界上最大的螺旋藻养殖生产基地，产品出口销售多个国家，为鄂尔多斯大草原退牧还草，牧民致富又创出了一条新路。螺旋藻是一种水生生物，蛋白质含量高达60一70％，还含有氮、磷、钾、硒、锌、铁多种元素及多种活性有机物成分，是碱性物质。近年来螺旋藻养殖企业都会把下脚料当作为废品处理，如：养殖池清底部分沉积料、生产中各环节的不达标料最后都作为废物质处理掉了，给环境造成了严重的污染。本发明采用废弃的螺旋藻制品，大大节约了成本。
本发明的有益之处在于：
1、本发明的全棉上浆剂不含尿素，取材新颖天然，非常环保；
2、用这种上浆剂对棉布上浆后再进行打印，布料的色泽、打印效果、色牢度都得到很好的改善，手感也比原来要好。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
一种纯棉上浆剂，其由如下重量份原料组成：
上述纯棉上浆剂，其制备方法如下：
(1)制备螺旋藻提取液：
称取300g螺旋藻粉，置于10L的0.5％柠檬酸溶液中处理8min，然后用蒸馏水反复洗涤后烘干，再置于1L质量浓度为60％的氯化钙沸溶液中处理20min，部分螺旋藻粉溶解，将上述混合溶液用纱布过滤进行粗提，获得螺旋藻提取液；
(2)制备脆性秸秆提取液：
称取1000g脆性秸秆粉，置于10L的0.5％柠檬酸沸溶液中处理45min，然后调节pH为7，再倒入3L质量浓度为60％的氯化钙沸溶液中处理20min，将上述混合溶液用纱布过滤进行粗提，获得脆性秸秆提取液提取液；
(3)按照比例，取适量水，纳米二氧化钛、小苏打、元明粉、三甘醇、甘油、螺旋藻提取液、脆性秸秆提取液依次加入，搅拌溶解均匀，放置2小时后可以使用。
实施例2：
一种纯棉上浆剂，其由如下重量份原料组成：
上述纯棉上浆剂，其制备方法如下：
(1)制备螺旋藻提取液：
称取300g螺旋藻粉，置于10L的0.5％柠檬酸溶液中处理5min，然后用蒸馏水反复洗涤后烘干，再置于1L质量浓度为60％的氯化钙沸溶液中处理20min，部分螺旋藻粉溶解，将上述混合溶液用纱布过滤进行粗提，获得螺旋藻提取液；
(2)制备脆性秸秆提取液：
称取1000g脆性秸秆粉，置于10L的0.5％柠檬酸沸溶液中处理45min，然后调节pH为7，再倒入3L质量浓度为60％的氯化钙沸溶液中处理20min，将上述混合溶液用纱布过滤进行粗提，获得脆性秸秆提取液提取液；
(3)按照比例，取适量水，纳米二氧化钛、小苏打、元明粉、三甘醇、甘油、螺旋藻提取液、脆性秸秆提取液依次加入，搅拌溶解均匀，放置2小时后可以使用。
实施例3：
一种纯棉上浆剂，其由如下重量份原料组成：
上述纯棉上浆剂，其制备方法如下：
(1)制备螺旋藻提取液：
称取300g螺旋藻粉，置于10L的0.5％柠檬酸溶液中处理7min，然后用蒸馏水反复洗涤后烘干，再置于1L质量浓度为60％的氯化钙沸溶液中处理20min，部分螺旋藻粉溶解，将上述混合溶液用纱布过滤进行粗提，获得螺旋藻提取液；
(2)制备脆性秸秆提取液：
称取1000g脆性秸秆粉，置于10L的0.5％柠檬酸沸溶液中处理45min，然后调节pH为7，再倒入3L质量浓度为60％的氯化钙沸溶液中处理20min，将上述混合溶液用纱布过滤进行粗提，获得脆性秸秆提取液提取液；
(3)按照比例，取适量水，纳米二氧化钛、小苏打、元明粉、三甘醇、甘油、螺旋藻提取液、脆性秸秆提取液依次加入，搅拌溶解均匀，放置2小时后可以使用。
实施例4：
一种纯棉上浆剂，其由如下重量份原料组成：
上述纯棉上浆剂，其制备方法如下：
(1)制备螺旋藻提取液：
称取300g螺旋藻粉，置于10L的0.5％柠檬酸溶液中处理6min，然后用蒸馏水反复洗涤后烘干，再置于1L质量浓度为60％的氯化钙沸溶液中处理20min，部分螺旋藻粉溶解，将上述混合溶液用纱布过滤进行粗提，获得螺旋藻提取液；
(2)制备脆性秸秆提取液：
称取1000g脆性秸秆粉，置于10L的0.5％柠檬酸沸溶液中处理45min，然后调节pH为7，再倒入3L质量浓度为60％的氯化钙沸溶液中处理20min，将上述混合溶液用纱布过滤进行粗提，获得脆性秸秆提取液提取液；
(3)按照比例，取适量水，纳米二氧化钛、小苏打、元明粉、三甘醇、甘油、螺旋藻提取液、脆性秸秆提取液依次加入，搅拌溶解均匀，放置2小时后可以使用。
实施例5：
事实证明，本发明上浆剂配方的组分和比例都非常重要，各组分起到了协同作用。
使用实施例1-4的上浆剂对纯棉布进行上浆和数码打印，其步骤如下：
(1)上浆；
(2)烘干：采用红外线烘干设备，其烘干温度为100℃，烘干时间10min；
(3)制作打印文件：用色卡软件生成，打印条件为：打印精度360dpi，CMYK，喷印所用墨水为再生活性染料墨水；
(4)喷印：数码喷墨印花机进行喷印；
(5)汽蒸烘干：汽蒸为120℃饱和蒸汽条件下反应固色10～15min
(6)水洗：冷水洗后，70℃进行皂洗，然后再进行一次冷水洗；
(7)拉幅烘干。
对上述方法整理过的织物进行测试。
耐洗色牢度：参照GB/T 3921.1－1997《纺织品色牢度试验耐洗色牢度：试验1》测定，采用SW 212型耐洗色牢度实验仪测试。
日晒牢度：参照GB/T 8427－1998《纺织品色牢度试验耐人造光色牢度：氙弧》测定，采用ATLAS-150日晒牢度测试仪。
耐摩擦牢度：参照GB/T 3921.1－1997《纺织品色牢度试验耐摩擦牢度：试验1》测定，采用Y571A摩擦牢度机测试。
结果如表1所示。
表1
| 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | |
| 耐洗色牢度 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 |
| 日晒牢度 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 |
| 耐摩擦牢度(干磨) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| 沾色 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| 固色率(％) | 98.7 | 96.3 | 97.8 | 99.1 |
从感官上看，使用本发明上浆剂处理后在进行数码打印的棉布，布料的色泽加深、印刷效果逼真，颜色鲜艳，而且手感明显要柔软很多，并且具有一定的类似真丝的手感。而且本发明的上浆剂不含尿素，非常环保。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (3)
1.一种纯棉上浆剂，其由如下重量份原料组成：
螺旋藻提取液 3-5份
脆性秸秆提取液 1-2份
纳米二氧化钛 1-1.5份
小苏打 2份
元明粉 1份
三甘醇 3份
甘油 2-3份
水 85-95份。
2.权利要求1所述的纯棉上浆剂，其制备方法如下：
（1）制备螺旋藻提取液：
称取300g螺旋藻粉，置于10L的0.5%柠檬酸溶液中处理5-8min，然后用蒸馏水反复洗涤后烘干，再置于1L质量浓度为60%的氯化钙沸溶液中处理20 min，部分螺旋藻粉溶解，将上述混合溶液用纱布过滤进行粗提，获得螺旋藻提取液；
（2）制备脆性秸秆提取液：
称取1000g脆性秸秆粉，置于10L的0.5%柠檬酸沸溶液中处理45min，然后调节pH为7，再倒入3L质量浓度为60%的氯化钙沸溶液中处理20 min，将上述混合溶液用纱布过滤进行粗提，获得脆性秸秆提取液提取液；
（3）按照比例，取适量水，纳米二氧化钛、小苏打、元明粉、三甘醇、甘油、螺旋藻提取液、脆性秸秆提取液依次加入，搅拌溶解均匀，放置2小时后可以使用。
3.权利要求2所述制备方法制备得到的全棉上浆剂。
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