CN106072632B - Ganoderma lucidum extract and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Ganoderma lucidum extract and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a ganoderma lucidum extract, which comprises the following steps: (1) injecting the ganoderma lucidum strain into a culture medium, and culturing for 45-60 days under the conditions that the temperature is 25-30 ℃ and the humidity is 70-95% to obtain a culture body; (2) drying the culture body at the temperature of 60-90 ℃ until the water content is below 12%, then crushing the dried culture body, and sieving the crushed culture body with a 20-60-mesh sieve to obtain ganoderma lucidum powder; (3) adding water and neutral protease into the ganoderma lucidum powder, and carrying out enzymolysis for 6-24 h at 40-55 ℃; (4) filtering the enzymolysis Ganoderma powder with plate-and-frame filter, vacuum concentrating, and freeze drying or spray drying to obtain Ganoderma extract. According to the invention, cheap and easily-obtained silkworm chrysalis, eggs, yellow mealworms, earthworms and the like are used as culture media, ganoderma lucidum mycelia and fruiting bodies are quickly cultured, and the ganoderma lucidum extract is prepared through enzymolysis, filtration, concentration and drying, so that the nutritional value is greatly improved, and the health-care function is obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biological and enzyme engineering, in particular to a preparation method and application of ganoderma lucidum cultivation and ganoderma lucidum essence substances.
Background
The ganoderma lucidum belongs to a class of fungal organisms distributed in the nature, is one of traditional rare Chinese medicinal materials, and can be used as both medicine and food. Both ancient and modern pharmacological and clinical studies prove that the ganoderma lucidum indeed has the effects of preventing and treating diseases and prolonging life, and has wide pharmacological effects, such as anti-tumor effect, immunoregulation effect, anti-radiation and anti-chemotherapy effect, calming effect, cardiotonic and anti-myocardial ischemia effect, blood fat regulation effect, blood sugar reduction effect, asthma relief effect, liver protection effect, anti-hypoxia effect, anti-aging effect and the like.
Through chemical analysis, the ganoderma lucidum contains various polysaccharides, polypeptides, amino acids, triterpenes, nucleosides and the like, and has wide market prospect. However, only red ganoderma, purple ganoderma, corious versicolor and the like in a plurality of ganoderma varieties have high medicinal value, and the number of wild ganoderma is far from meeting the requirement of people on medicinal ganoderma. Moreover, most of the existing methods for using ganoderma lucidum are directly eating or making into drinks, and most of the nutrient components cannot be absorbed by human bodies. Therefore, a method for efficiently preparing ganoderma lucidum essence is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a ganoderma lucidum extract and a preparation method and application thereof, which are used for solving the problems that ganoderma lucidum is difficult to produce in a large scale and nutrient components in ganoderma lucidum are difficult to be fully absorbed by a human body.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for preparing a ganoderma lucidum extract. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) injecting the ganoderma lucidum strain into a culture medium, and culturing for 45-60 days under the conditions that the temperature is 25-30 ℃ and the humidity is 70-95% to obtain a culture body, namely a mixture of ganoderma lucidum mycelia, ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies and the culture medium;
(2) drying the culture body at the temperature of 60-90 ℃ until the water content is below 12%, crushing the dried culture body, and sieving the crushed culture body with a 20-60-mesh sieve to obtain ganoderma lucidum powder;
(3) adding water and neutral protease into the ganoderma lucidum powder, and carrying out enzymolysis for 6-24 h at 40-55 ℃;
(4) filtering the enzymolyzed Ganoderma powder with plate-and-frame filter, vacuum concentrating, and freeze drying or spray drying to obtain Ganoderma extract;
wherein the culture medium is one or more of silkworm pupa, egg, yellow mealworm, earthworm, ant and cicada.
Preferably, the inoculation amount of the strain is 10-30%.
Preferably, the neutral protease is one or more of papain, trypsin and subtilisin.
Preferably, the mass of the water added in the step (3) is 1-10 times of the mass of the ganoderma lucidum powder, and the mass of the neutral protease added is 0.1-1% of the mass of the ganoderma lucidum powder.
Preferably, lipase is further added during enzymolysis in the step (3), and the addition amount of the lipase is 0.1-0.5% of the mass of the ganoderma lucidum powder.
Preferably, the grain size of the ganoderma lucidum essence extract is less than 800 nm.
Preferably, the ganoderma lucidum essence extract is prepared into granules, tablets or capsules.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a ganoderma lucidum extract, which is prepared by the preparation method of the ganoderma lucidum extract provided in the first aspect of the present invention. Preferably, the ganoderma lucidum extract contains 20-60% of ganoderma lucidum polypeptide, 1-5% of triterpene, 1-10% of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, 10-30% of amino acid, 1-3% of nucleoside, 0.1-3% of alkaloid, 1-5% of ash and the balance of water.
In a third aspect, the invention provides an application of the ganoderma lucidum extract provided according to the second aspect of the invention, and the ganoderma lucidum extract is used in the fields of food, health care or medicine.
The method of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention uses silkworm chrysalis, eggs, yellow mealworms, earthworms, ants and cicadas as culture media, has simple operation method and easy acquisition of materials, and has the characteristics of low cost, high yield and easy large-scale popularization.
2. The culture conditions of the culture body are easy to control, and the culture body has the advantages of high hypha growth speed, high biomass, short culture period and low cost.
3. The ganoderma lucidum essence extract has the characteristic of being easily soluble in water, can be prepared into various water-soluble preparations according to requirements, and is convenient to use.
4. The protein content of the ganoderma lucidum essence extract is improved by 6 times compared with the protein content of ganoderma lucidum cultivated by a common method, and the nutritive value is greatly improved.
5. The content of ganoderma triterpene and ganoderma polysaccharide extracted from ganoderma essence in the invention is 2-3 times higher than that of ganoderma triterpene and ganoderma polysaccharide cultured by a common method, and the effects of resisting tumor, thrombus, oxidation, aging and radiation, protecting liver, reducing blood sugar and blood fat, regulating immunity, regulating nucleic acid and enhancing humoral immunity are obviously improved.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The preparation method of the ganoderma lucidum extract comprises the following steps:
(1) injecting 8g Ganoderma strain into 50g cicada, and culturing at 25 deg.C and 95% humidity for 50 days to obtain culture medium (mixture of Ganoderma mycelium, Ganoderma fruiting body and culture medium);
(2) drying the culture body at 90 deg.C until the water content is below 12%, pulverizing the dried culture body, and sieving with 25 mesh sieve to obtain Ganoderma powder;
(3) adding water with the mass 6 times of that of the ganoderma lucidum powder and trypsin with the mass 1% of that of the ganoderma lucidum powder into the ganoderma lucidum powder, and carrying out enzymolysis for 6 hours at 54 ℃;
(4) filtering the enzymolysis Ganoderma powder with plate-and-frame filter, vacuum concentrating, and freeze drying or spray drying to obtain Ganoderma extract (Ganoderma extract particle size less than 800 nm).
Example 2
The preparation method of the ganoderma lucidum extract comprises the following steps:
(1) injecting 18g of ganoderma lucidum strain into 120g of earthworm (namely the inoculation amount of the strain is 15%), and culturing for 45 days under the conditions that the temperature is 29 ℃ and the humidity is 90% to obtain a culture body;
(2) drying the culture body at 85 deg.C until the water content is below 12%, pulverizing the dried culture body, and sieving with 30 mesh sieve to obtain Ganoderma powder;
(3) adding water with the mass 7 times of that of the ganoderma lucidum powder and papain with the mass 0.8% of that of the ganoderma lucidum powder into the ganoderma lucidum powder, and carrying out enzymolysis for 12 hours at 40 ℃;
(4) filtering the enzymolysis Ganoderma powder with plate-and-frame filter, vacuum concentrating, and freeze drying or spray drying to obtain Ganoderma extract.
Example 3
The preparation method of the ganoderma lucidum extract comprises the following steps:
(1) injecting 14.4g of Ganoderma lucidum into 80g of Tenebrio molitor, and culturing at 26 deg.C and 80% humidity for 47 days to obtain culture;
(2) drying the culture body at 75 ℃ until the water content is below 12%, crushing the dried culture body, and sieving with a 40-mesh sieve to obtain ganoderma lucidum powder;
(3) adding water with the mass 1 time of that of the ganoderma lucidum powder, subtilisin with the mass 0.7% of that of the ganoderma lucidum powder and lipase with the mass 0.1% of that of the ganoderma lucidum powder into the ganoderma lucidum powder, and carrying out enzymolysis for 14h at 53 ℃;
(4) filtering the enzymolysis Ganoderma powder with plate-and-frame filter, vacuum concentrating, and freeze drying or spray drying to obtain Ganoderma extract.
Example 4
The preparation method of the ganoderma lucidum extract comprises the following steps:
(1) injecting 48g of Ganoderma strain into 160g of egg, and culturing at 27 deg.C and 72% humidity for 48 days to obtain culture;
(2) drying the culture body at 80 deg.C until the water content is below 12%, pulverizing the dried culture body, and sieving with 45 mesh sieve to obtain Ganoderma powder;
(3) adding water with the mass 2 times of that of the ganoderma lucidum powder and papain and subtilisin with the mass 0.4% of that of the ganoderma lucidum powder into the ganoderma lucidum powder, and carrying out enzymolysis for 8h at the temperature of 52 ℃;
(4) filtering the enzymolysis Ganoderma powder with plate-and-frame filter, vacuum concentrating, and freeze drying or spray drying to obtain Ganoderma extract.
Example 5
The preparation method of the ganoderma lucidum extract comprises the following steps:
(1) injecting 25g Ganoderma into 100g ant, and culturing at 28 deg.C and 70% humidity for 58 days to obtain culture;
(2) drying the culture body at 65 deg.C until the water content is below 12%, pulverizing the dried culture body, and sieving with 60 mesh sieve to obtain Ganoderma powder;
(3) adding water with the mass 8 times of that of the ganoderma lucidum powder and papain and trypsin with the mass 0.2% of that of the ganoderma lucidum powder into the ganoderma lucidum powder, and carrying out enzymolysis for 20 hours at 42 ℃;
(4) filtering the enzymolysis Ganoderma powder with plate-and-frame filter, vacuum concentrating, and freeze drying or spray drying to obtain Ganoderma extract.
Example 6
The preparation method of the ganoderma lucidum extract comprises the following steps:
(1) injecting 30g of Ganoderma strain into 150g of pupa Bombycis, and culturing at 30 deg.C and 75% humidity for 60 days to obtain culture;
(2) drying the culture body at 60 deg.C until the water content is below 12%, pulverizing the dried culture body, and sieving with 50 mesh sieve to obtain Ganoderma powder;
(3) adding water with the mass 9 times of that of the ganoderma lucidum powder, papain, trypsin and subtilisin with the mass 0.1% of that of the ganoderma lucidum powder and lipase with the mass 0.5% of that of the ganoderma lucidum powder into the ganoderma lucidum powder, and carrying out enzymolysis for 21 hours at 50 ℃;
(4) filtering the enzymolysis Ganoderma powder with plate-and-frame filter, vacuum concentrating, and freeze drying or spray drying to obtain Ganoderma extract.
Example 7
The preparation method of the ganoderma lucidum extract comprises the following steps:
(1) injecting 24g of Ganoderma strain into 200g of dried pupa Bombycis, and culturing at 25 deg.C and 89% humidity for 52 days to obtain culture;
(2) drying the culture body at 63 deg.C until the water content is below 12%, pulverizing the dried culture body, and sieving with 20 mesh sieve to obtain Ganoderma powder;
(3) adding water with the mass 3 times of that of the ganoderma lucidum powder and trypsin and subtilisin with the mass 0.5% of that of the ganoderma lucidum powder into the ganoderma lucidum powder, and carrying out enzymolysis for 24h at 48 ℃;
(4) filtering the enzymolysis Ganoderma powder with plate-and-frame filter, vacuum concentrating, and freeze drying or spray drying to obtain Ganoderma extract.
Example 8
The preparation method of the ganoderma lucidum extract comprises the following steps:
(1) injecting 18g of Ganoderma into 180g of dry ant, and culturing at 28 deg.C and 92% humidity for 56 days to obtain culture;
(2) drying the culture body at 70 deg.C until the water content is below 12%, pulverizing the dried culture body, and sieving with 35 mesh sieve to obtain Ganoderma powder;
(3) adding water with the mass 10 times of that of the ganoderma lucidum powder and enzymes with the mass 0.6% of that of the ganoderma lucidum powder, namely papain, trypsin and subtilisin, and lipase with the mass 0.2% of that of the ganoderma lucidum powder into the ganoderma lucidum powder, and carrying out enzymolysis for 22 hours at the temperature of 55 ℃;
(4) filtering the enzymolysis Ganoderma powder with plate-and-frame filter, vacuum concentrating, and freeze drying or spray drying to obtain Ganoderma extract.
The culture medium in the embodiments 1-8 of the present application is cultured at a temperature of 25-30 ℃ and a humidity of 70-95%, which not only promotes the uniform growth of the fruit body, but also prevents the fruit body from hardening. In one embodiment, the culture medium can be ventilated with slow airflow for 1-2 times in the evening or in the morning for 1-2 hours each time or all day long to promote the normal development of the fruiting body. And secondly, in the development process of the sporocarp, the illumination can be increased, the illumination intensity is 4000-6000 LX, the sporocarp is irradiated, and the stipe is thick and strong and the pileus is thick and large.
TABLE 1 EXAMPLES 1-8 Ganoderma lucidum extract yields
As can be seen from Table 1, the yields of the Ganoderma lucidum extracts obtained in examples 1 to 8 were all about 9.3%. The output rates of the silkworm pupa culture medium, the egg culture medium, the tenebrio molitor culture medium, the earthworm culture medium, the ant culture medium and the cicada culture medium ganoderma lucidum extracts in the embodiments 1 to 8 are substantially the same, and the output rates of the ganoderma lucidum extracts in the living culture medium and the dry culture medium in the embodiments are obviously higher than 8.2% of the output rate in the existing products. The ganoderma lucidum extract prepared in the embodiments 1-8 of the invention has the particle size of less than 800nm, is easy to dissolve in water, and can be prepared into various water-soluble preparations according to requirements when in use.
TABLE 2 examples 1-8 mycelium biomass of cultured body
As can be seen from Table 2, the mycelium biomass of the cultures of examples 1 to 8 was 6mg/g or more, which is higher than that of the existing product, 4.7 mg/g. The culture bodies in the embodiments 1 to 8 are all cultured for 45 to 60 days, the required culture conditions are 25 to 30 ℃ and 70 to 95 percent of humidity, and the culture method has the advantages of easily controlled culture conditions, high hypha growth speed, high biomass, short culture period and low cost.
In addition, the culture medium in the embodiment can adopt living silkworm chrysalis, eggs, yellow mealworms, earthworms, ants, cicadas and the like, and can also adopt dry silkworm chrysalis, dry yellow mealworms, dry earthworms, dry ants, dry cicadas and the like, and the material is easy to obtain, and has the characteristics of low cost, high yield and easy large-scale popularization.
TABLE 3 content of ganoderic extracts ganoderic proteins, ganoderic triterpenes and ganoderic polysaccharides obtained in examples 1-8
As can be seen from Table 3, the ganodermin, ganodermane and ganodermane in the ganoderma lucidum extracts prepared in examples 1-8 are significantly improved compared to the ganodermane, ganodermane and ganodermane in the ganoderma lucidum cultivated by the conventional method. The content of the ganoderma lucidum protein in the ganoderma lucidum extract prepared in the embodiments 1-8 is increased by 6 times compared with the content of the ganoderma lucidum protein in the ganoderma lucidum cultured by a common method; the content of ganoderma triterpene in the ganoderma lucidum extract prepared in the embodiments 1-8 is increased by 2-3 times compared with the content of ganoderma triterpene in the ganoderma lucidum cultured by a common method; the content of ganoderan in the ganoderma lucidum extracts prepared in the embodiments 1 to 8 is increased by 2 to 3 times compared with the content of ganoderan in the ganoderma lucidum cultivated by the common method.
In addition, the ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide in the ganoderma lucidum is a non-specific immunopotentiator, which not only can enhance the cellular immunity, but also can enhance the humoral immunity, promote the phagocytosis of macrophages and directly generate the anti-tumor effect; ganoderma triterpene is primary and secondary metabolite of Ganoderma mycelium, and is the main effective component of Ganoderma with antiinflammatory, analgesic, tranquilizing, antiaging, tumor cell poisoning, and anoxia resisting effects; the lucid ganoderma contains 18 amino acids, wherein the relative content of the amino acids essential to human bodies is higher than 50%, and is 2-3 times of that of common edible fungi.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (5)
1. The preparation method of the ganoderma lucidum extract is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) injecting a ganoderma lucidum strain into a culture medium, wherein the inoculation amount of the strain is 10-30%, and culturing for 45-60 days at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ and the humidity of 70-95% to obtain a culture body, namely a mixture of ganoderma lucidum mycelia, ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies and the culture medium;
(2) drying the culture body at the temperature of 60-90 ℃ until the water content is below 12%, crushing the dried culture body, and sieving the crushed culture body with a 20-60-mesh sieve to obtain ganoderma lucidum powder;
(3) adding water and neutral protease into the ganoderma lucidum powder, performing enzymolysis for 6-24 hours at 40-55 ℃, wherein the mass of the added water is 1-10 times of that of the ganoderma lucidum powder, the mass of the added neutral protease is 0.1-1% of that of the ganoderma lucidum powder, and the neutral protease is one or more of papain, trypsin and subtilisin;
(4) filtering the enzymolyzed Ganoderma powder with plate-and-frame filter, vacuum concentrating, and freeze drying or spray drying to obtain Ganoderma extract;
wherein the culture medium is one or more of silkworm pupa, egg, yellow mealworm, earthworm, ant and cicada,
the particle size of the ganoderma lucidum extract is less than 800nm, and the ganoderma lucidum extract contains 20-60% of ganoderma lucidum polypeptide, 1-5% of triterpene, 1-10% of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, 10-30% of amino acid, 1-3% of nucleoside, 0.1-3% of alkaloid, 1-5% of ash and the balance of water.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein lipase is further added during enzymolysis in the step (3), and the addition amount of the lipase is 0.1-0.5% of the mass of the ganoderma lucidum powder.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ganoderma lucidum extract is formulated as a granule, tablet or capsule.
4. A ganoderma lucidum extract, wherein the ganoderma lucidum extract is prepared by the method of claim 1.
5. Use of the ganoderma lucidum extract according to claim 4 for the preparation of a food, health product or pharmaceutical product.
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CN106819824A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-06-13 | 刘杰 | Poria cocos ganoderma lucidum noodles |
CN106834403A (en) * | 2017-02-15 | 2017-06-13 | 国肽生物科技(北京)有限公司 | The extracting method of ganoderma lucidum polypeptide |
CN107557421B (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2021-03-23 | 南江宏信生物科技有限公司 | Method for extracting effective components from ganoderma lucidum |
CN108703979A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2018-10-26 | 浙江中医药大学 | A kind of breast cancer tumour treatment medication based on Ganoderma resinaceum Boud extract |
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