CN106068987A - A kind of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae plantation technique utilizing heat-insulating greenhouse nursery - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an artificial cultivation method of salvia miltiorrhiza. The purpose is to provide a planting method which can greatly increase the yield of salvia miltiorrhiza and guarantee the quality of salvia miltiorrhiza. The technical solution is: a method for planting salvia miltiorrhiza, the steps comprising: 1), growing seedlings in a greenhouse: every November, in the greenhouse, sow and raise seedlings with salvia miltiorrhiza seeds; 2), transplanting in the field: transplanting salvia miltiorrhiza in the field 75 days after emergence , and use black plastic film to ensure the growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza; 3), field management: ensure water and fertilizer, and do a good job in pest control; and in May, after the daytime temperature stabilizes above 20°C, remove the black plastic film; 4), Harvest: October Or harvest in November. The invention adopts greenhouse winter seedling cultivation, transplants in the field at the end of February and early March, and uses black plastic film to ensure the ground temperature, so as to promote the growth of salvia miltiorrhiza. The effective growth cycle of salvia miltiorrhiza is about half a year longer than that of spring sowing, and can ensure that the harvested yield of salvia miltiorrhiza in the current year is more than 110% higher than that of spring sowing seeds. , and the quality of Danshen is superior.

Description

A kind of Danshen planting technology using heat preservation greenhouse to raise seedlings

technical field

The invention relates to the field of traditional Chinese medicine plant cultivation, in particular to an artificial cultivation method of salvia miltiorrhiza.

Background technique

The raw material Salvia miltiorrhiza is the dry root and rhizome of Salvia mihiorrhiza Bunge, a plant of the Labiatae family, which is used to treat coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and induce apoptosis of various cancer cells. Chinese medicine believes that Salvia miltiorrhiza has the effects of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, dredging the menstrual flow and relieving pain, clearing the heart and eliminating troubles, cooling blood and eliminating carbuncle. For chest pain and heart pain, epigastric and hypochondriac pain, accumulation of lump in the abdomen, arthralgia due to heat pain, vexation and insomnia, irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, swelling and pain of sore. With the continuous research and development of new Danshen drugs and the increase in market demand, the demand for Danshen has also increased significantly. The demand for Salvia miltiorrhiza is increasing gradually, and wild resources cannot meet the needs, so artificial cultivation has become the fundamental way to solve the source of medicine.

The propagation methods of salvia miltiorrhiza mainly include seed propagation, root division propagation, cutting propagation, etc., because the root propagation and cutting propagation can shorten the growth cycle of salvia miltiorrhiza and are commonly used by people. Phenomena such as stability and infection of viral diseases lead to a decline in quality and output, which has seriously affected clinical application and the development of the pharmaceutical industry. The seed propagation of Salvia miltiorrhiza can well solve the problems such as the decline in quality and yield due to long-term asexual reproduction. However, under natural conditions, the seeds of Salvia miltiorrhiza are not resistant to storage, and the germination rate is low. When the seeds of Salvia miltiorrhiza are stored dry at room temperature, the germination rate of the seeds will drop by 10% every 30 days. If the storage time exceeds half a year, the germination rate will be lower than 40%, which seriously affects the Artificial cultivation of Salvia miltiorrhiza. And in the prior art, the seeds are generally sown in spring, the growth period is insufficient in the current year, and the output in the current year is very low; even because the growth cycle is short and the development is not perfect, the medicinal requirements cannot be met. Therefore, how to take advantage of the advantages of seed propagation while solving the problem of low yield is a technical difficulty in artificial planting of Salvia miltiorrhiza.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a salvia planting process that can greatly increase the yield of salvia miltiorrhiza and ensure the quality of salvia miltiorrhiza by using a heat-retaining greenhouse for seedling cultivation.

For realizing the foregoing invention object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of Salvia miltiorrhiza planting method, and step comprises:

1), Greenhouse Seedling Cultivation: Every November, in the greenhouse, sow and raise seedlings with Salvia miltiorrhiza seeds;

2) Field transplanting: 75 days after the emergence of salvia miltiorrhiza, transplant it to the field, and cover it with black plastic film to ensure the growth of salvia miltiorrhiza;

3) Field management: ensure water and fertilizer, and do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests; and in May, after the daytime temperature stabilizes above 20°C, remove the black plastic film;

4), Harvest: Harvest in October or November;

In the step 1), the structure of the greenhouse is as follows: including a support wall and a greenhouse, the support wall extends east-west, and the south side of the support wall constitutes the north side wall of the greenhouse; supports are provided on the upper surfaces of both ends of the support wall, A hinged shaft and a rotating shaft are arranged between the supports, the rotating shaft is located below the hinged shaft, the rotating shaft is connected to the motor, and the motor is connected to the controller; an arc-shaped cover is arranged above the greenhouse, and the cover is close to the supporting wall One side of the shaft is hinged to the hinge shaft and the edge is connected to the shaft through a plurality of pull cords; the lower surface of the cover plate is provided with a reflector; the middle part of the shaft is provided with a plurality of H-shaped rope winding grooves corresponding to the pull ropes, and the rope winding grooves The width of the pull rope is consistent with the diameter of the stay rope, and the stay rope is located in the rope winding groove; a plurality of support columns are uniformly arranged on the side of the greenhouse away from the support wall, and a support portion is arranged at the top of the support column, and the cover plate is connected with the A pressing part is arranged at a position opposite to the supporting part; a limiting bar is arranged on the bracket between the rotating shaft and the hinged shaft.

Preferably, in the step 1), the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 18-28° C., and a temperature control mode of high daytime and low nighttime is adopted.

Preferably, in the step 1), the seedlings are raised in plug trays, and the fertilizer for seedlings is 10 to 15 parts by weight of sawdust, 100 to 150 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 2 to 3 parts of plant ash, 2 to 2.5 parts of superphosphate, It is prepared by mixing 5-10 parts of charcoal slag with a particle size of less than 5 mm and 250-300 parts of natural loam.

Preferably, in the step 2), choose a sloping land that has not been planted with salvia miltiorrhiza in the past two years, has good drainage, deep soil layer, loose and fertile, prepares the site, overturns the sun, and makes a ridge with a width of 1.0-1.2m and a width of 25 m between the ridges. ～30cm, 20～25cm deep, the depth of the cultivation layer is not less than 30cm; apply base fertilizer.

Preferably, the base fertilizer is 100-150 kg of urea per mu, 100-150 kg of sawdust, 1500-2000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 50-80 kg of plant ash, 20-25 kg of superphosphate, 1-1.2 kg of boric acid, and 1-3 kg of zinc sulfate , Potassium sulfate 6 ~ 8kg mixed.

Preferably, in the described step 3), use the mixed accelerator foliar spraying;

The mixing accelerator is acetylsalicylic acid 0.1g～0.2g, ethanol 100～150ml, add 100L clean water, stir to make it dissolve completely, then adjust the pH value to 6.5～8 with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, static Place or stir the aqueous solution obtained for more than 30min;

Specific foliar spraying methods: Time selection: Spray in the morning or from 3:00 to 5:00 in the afternoon; start spraying at the early flowering stage of Salvia miltiorrhiza, and stop spraying when the flowers begin to wither, once every 6 to 15 days; The mixing accelerator is sprayed on the leaves of the salvia miltiorrhiza plant through a sprayer, and sprayed from the upper and lower directions, so that the upper and lower sides of the leaves of the salvia miltiorrhiza plant are evenly covered with the mixing accelerator.

Preferably, in the step 3), the root irrigating treatment of Salvia miltiorrhiza is carried out twice with the anti-root rot agent, the interval between two adjacent root irrigation treatments is 70 to 90 days, and the first root irrigation treatment The time is more than 45 days after transplanting; the dosage of the medicament for root irrigation treatment is 100-150 g/hm2, the medicament is the effective concentration of thiazil 100-120 μg/mL, dimethyl A mixed solution of methyl formamide (DMF) with an effective concentration of 100-150 μg/mL. This overcomes the problem of poor water solubility of thiazil and unsatisfactory use effects; the use of DMF to dissolve thiazil and its water-miscible properties allows thiazil to be distributed evenly and deeply into the soil, which can significantly reduce The total amount of pesticides used, and the use effect is guaranteed.

Preferably, in the described step 1), the hole tray used includes a support, and the bracket includes a rectangular frame, and a plurality of beams are arranged in the frame; a hole tray is arranged between the two adjacent beams, Convex ribs are arranged on both sides of the tray, and the ribs are placed on the beam; multiple seedling holes are arranged on the tray, and the seedling holes are inverted cones with openings at the bottom, and tops are arranged in the seedling holes. block, the upper end of the top block is an inverted cone that matches the seedling hole, the lower end extends out of the seedling hole and the end surface is spherical; a base that matches the hole is arranged below the hole, and the hole is fixedly connected to the base; The upper surface of the base is provided with a sliding groove, the sliding block and the push-pull rod extending along the length direction of the sliding groove are arranged in the sliding groove, the upper surface of the sliding block is spherical, and the sliding block is fixedly connected with the push-pull rod; the push-pull rod A plurality of sliding blocks are fixedly arranged on the top corresponding to the number of top blocks; rollers are arranged on the lower surface of the sliding blocks.

Preferably, in the described step 2), when the salvia miltiorrhiza is transplanted, a special punching and positioning device is used for punching and positioning, and the punching and positioning device includes two installation grooves with opposite notches arranged side by side. For the sliding block, the two mounting grooves are fixedly connected by connecting plates located at both ends, and a plurality of mounting blocks are evenly arranged between the two mounting grooves along the length direction; the sliding block is fixedly connected with the mounting block; the middle part of the mounting block is vertically A threaded through hole is provided in the threaded through hole, and a perforating cone is arranged in the threaded through hole, and the perforating cone is threadedly connected with the mounting block; the sliding block is positioned in the mounting groove through a positioning component; a scale line is set on the upper surface of the mounting groove; The positioning assembly includes multiple sets of sleeves and rotating rods, and the sleeves and rotating rods are located between the installation block and the installation block or between the installation block and the connecting plate; one end of the rotation rod extends into one end of the sleeve and is connected with the The casing is threadedly connected, the other end of the casing is fixedly connected to the mounting block or the connecting plate, the other end of the rotating rod is provided with a rotating head; the sliding block or the connecting plate is provided with a stepped hole at a position opposite to the rotating head, The inner end of the stepped hole is larger than the outer end, and the rotating head is located in the stepped hole; handles are arranged at both ends of the two installation grooves, and the angle between the handle and the extension line of the upper surface of the installation groove is 45°.

The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) Greenhouse winter seedlings are used, transplanted in the field at the end of February and early March, and black plastic film is used to ensure the ground temperature to promote the growth of salvia miltiorrhiza. The effective growth cycle of salvia miltiorrhiza is about half a year longer than that of spring sowing, which can ensure that the harvest of salvia miltiorrhiza in the current year is 70% higher than that of spring sowing seeds. %, and the output of cutting spring sowing is increased by more than 40%; and the quality of salvia miltiorrhiza is superior, and the advantages of seed propagation compared with asexual propagation are maintained.

(2) The seedlings are raised in plug trays to prevent the root system of Salvia miltiorrhiza from being connected in series, damage the root system when transplanting, and hinder the growth and development of the root system. The sawdust and charcoal residue in the seedling loam can not only evacuate the soil, conserve water and fertilizer, but also facilitate the separation of seedlings and loam from the hole tray, protecting the root system of Salvia miltiorrhiza. This is of great significance for the root yield of Salvia miltiorrhiza. The base fertilizer used in the fields has also been carefully designed so that it will not cause eutrophication of groundwater and ensure the vigorous growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza. It is convenient to eliminate thin seedlings when transplanting after seedling cultivation in plug trays, so as to ensure the survival rate of transplanting.

(3), according to the prior art, the mixing of methyl salicylate and methyl jasmonate can promote phenolic acid compounds in salvia miltiorrhiza, such as salvia miltiorrhiza, protocatechualdehyde, rosmarinic acid, shikonic acid, caffeic acid, The improvement of salvianolic acid, etc.; however, methyl salicylate itself is highly toxic, and long-term repeated use will cause pesticide residues, and cause toxicity to field insects, frogs, birds, etc., and damage the ecological environment; while the cost of methyl jasmonate If the height is too high, it is difficult to buy in the general agricultural materials market, and the application limitations are large; the present invention uses a mixed aqueous solution of acetylsalicylic acid, alkali, and ethanol to achieve a better promoting effect, and the raw materials are easily available, non-toxic and harmless.

(4), provide the preferred hole tray and greenhouse structure, easy to use, promote and improve the emergence rate of seedlings, and promote the growth of seedlings; it is convenient to separate the seedlings from the hole tray when transplanting, and ensure the integrity of the attached soil of the seedlings, and return the seedlings after transplanting its short.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the seedling tray;

Figure 2 is an enlarged view of part A in Figure 1;

Fig. 3 is the A-A direction view of structure shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of part B ` in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is the B-B direction view of structure shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the structure shown in Fig. 5 when the top block moves down;

Fig. 7 is the structural representation of punching positioning device;

Fig. 8 is the C-C direction view of structure shown in Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 is a top view of the structure shown in Fig. 7;

Fig. 10 is the D-D direction view of structure shown in Fig. 9;

Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the rotating rod;

Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of a preferred embodiment of the punching positioning device;

Fig. 13 is the structural representation of greenhouse;

Fig. 14 is a schematic structural view of the structure shown in Fig. 13 when the cover plate is raised;

Figure 15 is a right view of the structure shown in Figure 13;

Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the reflector;

Fig. 17 is an enlarged view of part E in Fig. 16 .

detailed description

Preferred embodiments of the present invention are provided below, so that those skilled in the art can more clearly understand the technical ideas and beneficial effects of the present invention.

Embodiment one

1. Seedling cultivation in the greenhouse: In November every year, in the greenhouse, use the plugs to fill the seedling soil, and use the seeds of salvia miltiorrhiza to sow and raise the seedlings; two seedlings should be planted in each hole, and the seedlings for each hole should be determined according to the germination rate of the seeds. The temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 18-28 ℃, and the temperature control mode of high day and low night is adopted, which is convenient for Danshen to adapt to the field environment in the future, and also uses daytime sunshine to save energy consumption for temperature control.

The seedling soil is made of 10 parts of sawdust, 100 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 3 parts of plant ash, 2.5 parts of superphosphate, 10 parts of charcoal slag with a particle size less than 5mm, and 300 parts of natural loam.

2. Site selection, site preparation and base fertilizer application

Choose sandy soil or loam slope land with deep soil layer, good drainage, and medium fertility that has not been planted with Salvia miltiorrhiza in the past two years; open three ditches when preparing the site, with a width of 30 cm and a depth of 25 cm. If the ditch is too deep, it will be prone to drought; Grass, stones and other sundries; apply basal fertilizer per acre, deep plow into the soil, the depth of the cultivated land is 30-40cm, mix evenly, and rake the ground thoroughly.

The base fertilizer used is 100kg of urea per mu, 100kg of sawdust, 2000kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 80kg of plant ash, 25kg of superphosphate, 1.2kg of boric acid, 3kg of zinc sulfate, and 8kg of potassium sulfate.

3. Ridging

The width of the ridge is 1.2m, and the width of the furrow between the ridges after finishing is 25cm, and the depth is 20cm.

4. Covered pry nest

Stretch the black plastic film, spread it flat, and cover it close to the surface of the ridge, compact and seal the edges of the film with soil, and use a blunt pry or skewer to open the nest in a "D" shape. Each ridge has three rows of staggered nests, and the row spacing is 25~ 28cm, the nest spacing is 25-28cm, and the depth of the nest fully accommodates the original soil of the plugs brought by the seedlings.

5. Planting

75 days after the emergence of salvia miltiorrhiza, put the seedlings taken out of the plug into the nest, and press the edge of the nest with fine soil to prevent the hot air from burning the seedlings, and water the roots.

6. Field management

In May, on non-rainy days, remove the black plastic film after the daytime temperature stabilizes above 20°C;

Timely topdressing: topdressing twice during the growth period, the first time is usually in July, apply 1000-1500kg of clear manure water per mu, and apply in the nest; the second time is usually in August, use 1500-2000kg of manure water per mu, and apply in the nest; In case of drought in the early growth stage, use furrow irrigation to irrigate in time to fight drought. From July to October, heavy rain and autumn rain will easily make the soil too wet and cause rotten roots and dead seedlings. Deep ditches should be opened to drain water and prevent waterlogging; At the early flowering stage, remove the flower moss in time, so as not to damage the leaves; manual weeding: if there are many weeds during the growth period of Salvia miltiorrhiza, you can manually weed 2 to 3 times to clean the field.

Seven. Root spraying of mixed accelerator

Mixing accelerator configuration: acetylsalicylic acid 0.1g, ethanol 150ml, add 100L clean water, stir to dissolve completely, then adjust the pH value to 6.5-7 with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, stand or stir for more than 30min to obtain aqueous solution;

Spraying time: Spray in the morning on cloudy or sunny days or spray from 3:00 to 5:00 in the afternoon; avoid rain within 5 hours before and after spraying;

Spraying season and frequency: Generally, it is advisable to start spraying at the early flowering stage of Salvia miltiorrhiza, stop spraying when the flowers begin to wither, and apply once every two weeks; apply about 10 times in total,

Spraying method: Put the prepared mixed accelerator into the agricultural sprayer, spray it on the leaves of the Salvia miltiorrhiza plant through the sprayer, and spray from the upper and lower directions, so that all or most of the upper and lower sides of the leaves of the Salvia miltiorrhiza plant are uniform It is advisable to be covered with aqueous solution.

8. Pest control

Diseases and insect pests may occur in Danshen during the growth period, and corresponding control should be carried out according to specific conditions:

The control method of root rot: implement paddy and dry crop rotation or spray with 800 times dilution of 50% thiophanate;

Prevention and treatment of sclerotinia: Spray with Jinggangmycin and carbendazim mixture in the early stage of the disease; spray or pour 50% Lickia 1000 times dilution;

Prevention and treatment of leaf spot disease; pay attention to ditching and drainage to reduce field humidity; peel off the old leaves with diseased stems to facilitate ventilation and reduce the source of disease; spray Bordeaux mixture before and after the disease;

The control method of small cutworm: 100 grams of 90% trichlorfon can be mixed with 5 kilograms of fried tea seed cakes as poisonous bait, and sprinkled into the field to trap and kill;

Control method of silver moth: Spray with 1000 times dilution of 90% crystal trichlorfon, or 250 times dilution of 25% 223 emulsion, or 300-350 times dilution of 25% dimeform aqueous solution.

Above-mentioned land selection, site preparation and base fertilizer application; making ridges; planting; field management;

Embodiment two

1. Greenhouse seedling cultivation:

The seedling soil is made of 15 parts of sawdust, 150 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 2 parts of plant ash, 2 parts of superphosphate, 5 parts of charcoal slag with a particle size of less than 5mm, and 250 parts of natural loam.

2. Site selection, site preparation and base fertilizer application:

The base fertilizer used is 150kg of urea per mu, 150kg of sawdust, 1500kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 50kg of plant ash, 20kg of superphosphate, 1kg of boric acid, 1kg of zinc sulfate, and 6kg of potassium sulfate.

Seven. Root spraying of mixed accelerator

Mixing accelerator configuration: acetylsalicylic acid 0.1g, ethanol 150ml, add 100L clean water, stir to dissolve completely, then adjust the pH value to 6.5-7 with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, stand or stir for more than 30min to obtain aqueous solution.

8. Pest control

Root rot control method: use anti-root rot agent to treat the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza twice, the interval between two adjacent root irrigation treatments is 80 days, and the time of the first root irrigation treatment is after transplanting. 60 days; the dose of medicament for root irrigation treatment is 100 g/hm effective amount of thiazinil, which is 100 μg/mL effective concentration of thiazinil and 100 μg/mL effective concentration of dimethylformamide (DMF). solution.

Other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

Embodiment Three

1. Greenhouse seedling cultivation:

The seedling soil is made of 12 parts of sawdust, 120 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 2 parts of plant ash, 2 parts of superphosphate, 8 parts of charcoal slag with a particle size less than 5mm, and 250 parts of natural loam.

2. Site selection, site preparation and base fertilizer application:

The base fertilizer used is 150kg of urea per mu, 100kg of sawdust, 2000kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 50kg of plant ash, 20kg of superphosphate, 1kg of boric acid, 2kg of zinc sulfate, and 6kg of potassium sulfate.

Seven. Root spraying of mixed accelerator

Mixing accelerator configuration: Add 0.2g of acetylsalicylic acid and 100ml of ethanol into 100L of clean water, stir to dissolve completely, then adjust the pH value to 7-8 with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, and stand or stir for more than 30 minutes to obtain aqueous solution.

8. Pest control

Root rot control method: use anti-root rot agent to treat the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza twice, the interval between two adjacent root irrigation treatments is 80 days, and the time of the first root irrigation treatment is after transplanting. 45 days; the dose of medicament for root irrigation treatment is the effective amount of tiiazil 150g/hm2. solution.

Other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

Embodiment Four

1. Greenhouse seedling cultivation:

The seedling soil is made of 12 parts of sawdust, 120 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, 2 parts of plant ash, 2.5 parts of superphosphate, 10 parts of charcoal slag with a particle size less than 5mm, and 250 parts of natural loam.

2. Site selection, site preparation and base fertilizer application:

The base fertilizer used is a mixture of 100kg per mu of urea, 150kg of sawdust, 2000kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 50kg of plant ash, 25kg of superphosphate, 1kg of boric acid, 2kg of zinc sulfate, and 8kg of potassium sulfate.

Seven. Root spraying of mixed accelerator

Mixing accelerator configuration: Add 0.15g of acetylsalicylic acid into 100L of clean water, stir to dissolve completely, and let stand or stir for more than 30 minutes to obtain an aqueous solution.

8. Pest control

Root rot control method: use anti-root rot agent to carry out root irrigation treatment on Salvia miltiorrhiza for 2 times, the interval between two adjacent root irrigation treatments is 75 days, and the time of the first root irrigation treatment is after transplanting. 60 days; the dose of medicament for root irrigation treatment is the effective amount of tiiazil 120g/hm2. solution.

Other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

The detection results of salvianolic acid content in the above four groups of embodiments are shown in the table below:

project Embodiment one Embodiment two Embodiment Three Embodiment Four Salvianolic acid content 6.3% 6.1% 6.6% 1.7%

It can be seen that the use of lower cost, non-toxic and non-polluting raw materials in the present invention also has the effect of increasing water-soluble phenolic acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza. The incidence rates of root rot in Examples 1 to 4 were 18.7%, 5.0%, 6.1%, 5.7%, and 5.4%, respectively. The present invention changes the pesticide preparation and dosage, and the preventing effect on root rot is still very significant.

The facilities and equipment improvements used include:

The structure of the tray used is shown in conjunction with Figures 1-6. The tray for raising seedlings of Salvia miltiorrhiza includes a bracket, and the bracket includes a rectangular frame 1, and a plurality of beams 2 are arranged in the frame 1. A tray 3 is arranged between the two adjacent beams 2, and of course a tray 3 can also be arranged between the frame 1 and the beams, and ribs 4 are arranged on both sides of the tray 3, and the ribs 4 are placed on Beam 2 on. A plurality of seedling holes 5 are arranged on the hole plate 3, and the seedling holes 5 are used for loading fertilizer soil and sowing salvia miltiorrhiza seeds. through-hole shape. A top block 6 is arranged in the seedling hole 5, the upper end of the top block 6 is in an inverted cone shape matched with the seedling hole 5, and the lower end extends out of the seedling hole 5 and the end surface is spherical. That is jack block 6 is positioned at seedling hole 5 and can move up and down, and the lower end of jack block 6 stretches out of seedling hole 5. A base 7 matching with the tray 3 is arranged below the tray 3 , and the tray 3 is fixedly connected to the base 7 . As shown in FIG. 3 , the base 7 and the tray 3 are prefabricated as a whole through connecting pieces, and of course, they can also be independent parts and fixed by bolts. The upper surface of the base 7 is provided with a sliding groove, and a sliding block 9 and a push-pull rod extending along the length direction of the sliding groove are arranged in the sliding groove. The upper surface of the sliding block 9 is spherical, and the sliding block 9 is fixedly connected with the push-pull rod. That is to say, the push-pull rod is used to push the sliding block 9 to slide along the sliding groove. As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the sliding block 9 can move along the left and right directions driven by the push-pull rod. Also described sliding block 9 lower surface is provided with roller 13, and roller 13 changes the sliding friction of sliding block 9 lower surface and sliding groove into rolling friction, makes sliding block 9 move more smoothly.

During the use of the present invention, the plug tray 3 is first placed on the support, and then the seedling hole 5 is filled with fertile soil, and then the seeds of salvia miltiorrhiza are sown in the seedling hole 5 . After the ginseng seedlings grow up, when they need to be transplanted, the staff promotes the push-pull rod, and the push-pull rod drives the sliding block 9 to reciprocate along the slide groove. During the movement of the sliding block 9, the spherical upper surface of the sliding block 9 is in contact with the spherical lower end surface of the jacking block 6, thereby pushing the jacking block 6 to move up vertically, and the upper end of the jacking block 6 pushes the lumpy loam to move up Get out of the seedling hole 5. Thus, the fertilizer soil and ginseng seedlings can be removed neatly and quickly. Simultaneously, the gap between the top block 6 and the seedling hole 5 of the present invention can be used for ventilation, which is very beneficial to the growth of ginseng seedlings.

It is also possible to fix a plurality of sliding blocks 9 corresponding to the number of top blocks 6 on the push-pull rod, that is, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, if the number of top blocks 6 is 10, then the number of sliding blocks 9 is also 10. . Certainly also can be more or less, the upper surface of a plurality of sliding block 9 forms the uneven upper surface similar to wave shape jointly, when pushing push-pull bar like this, protruding position and concave position discontinuously contact with top Block 6 contacts, and like this, top block 6 just can jump repeatedly and fertiliser is pushed outside seedling hole 5, and because the space of sunken position is as buffering space, avoids that top block 6 is too rigid when contacting with slide block 9. And the setting of sliding block 9 can make the moving distance of push-pull rod very small, convenient to operate in occasions such as narrow space in the greenhouse.

In order to facilitate irrigation and improve the growth efficiency of Salvia miltiorrhiza seeds, as shown in Fig. Ridge 4 matching notch. As shown in FIG. 4 , the notch is used to accommodate the rib 4 . The matching means that the size of the rib 4 is equivalent to that of the notch, and the rib 4 is just placed in the notch. A slope 12 facing the seedling hole 5 is arranged inside the rib 4 , and a through hole communicating with the water tank 10 is arranged on the upper side of the rib 4 . In this way, the staff can pour water or nutrient solution etc. in the water tank 10, and when the water level in the water tank 10 rises to the position of the through hole, it can flow into the seedling hole 5 along the slope 12. In order to facilitate the picking and placing of the tray 3 and the pushing of the push-pull rod, a lifting handle 14 may also be provided at both ends of the tray 3, and a push-pull handle 15 may be provided at the end of the push-pull rod.

When transplanting and digging the nest for positioning, use the transplanting punching positioning device to locate the digging nest. The structure of the punching positioning device is shown in Figure 7-12. As shown in Figure 9, it includes two mounting grooves 21 with opposite notches arranged side by side. The mounting groove 21 notch of the mounting groove faces upwards. A sliding block 24 is arranged in the mounting groove 21, and the sliding block 24 can slide along the mounting groove 21. The two mounting grooves 21 are fixedly connected by connecting plates 22 located at both ends, and a plurality of mounting grooves 21 are evenly arranged along the length direction. Install block 23. The sliding block 24 is fixedly connected with the mounting block 23, that is, the mounting block 23 can also slide along the sliding groove. The middle part of the mounting block 23 is provided with a threaded through hole vertically, and a punching cone 25 is arranged in the threaded through hole, and the punching cone 25 is threadedly connected with the mounting block 23 . The sliding block 24 is positioned in the installation groove 21 by a positioning assembly.

When the present invention is in use, the distance between the installation blocks 23 is first adjusted according to the pre-designed distance between plants, and then the installation blocks 23 are fixed by the positioning assembly. Then the perforating cone 25 is installed on the mounting block 23, and then the present invention is placed on the ridge to press up and down, and the perforating cone 25 just leaves a nest for transplanting ginseng seedlings on the ridge. In order to facilitate pressing down, handles 31 may also be provided at both ends of the two installation grooves 21 , and the included angle between the handles 31 and the extension line of the upper surface of the installation grooves 21 is 45°. After the punching cone 25 is all pressed into the soil, the present invention is taken away and the punching is completed. After the punching is completed, the distance between each nest is very accurate, which is convenient for the future growth of ginseng seedlings. Simultaneously, a plurality of perforating cones 25 of the present invention can punch a plurality of socket holes simultaneously, as shown in Figure 9, the quantity of perforating cones 25 is 4, certainly also can be more or less, because a plurality of perforating Cone 25 works simultaneously, and this has just improved punching efficiency greatly. In addition, since the distance between each mounting block 23 can be adjusted, it has high versatility when facing different transplanting requirements. For example, the distance between the mounting blocks 23 may be 25 cm, 30 cm or other dimensions. In order to adjust the distance between the mounting blocks 23 more conveniently, a scale line can also be set on the upper surface of the mounting groove 21 .

There are many positioning components, as long as they can play the role of fixing the mounting block 23, for example, as shown in Figure 12, the positioning component includes a plurality of evenly distributed first positioning holes located on the mounting groove 21 26. The first positioning hole 26 vertically penetrates the installation groove 21, and at the same time, the first positioning hole 26 intersects with the sliding groove, that is, the first positioning hole 26 also vertically passes through the sliding groove. The sliding block 24 is provided with a vertical second positioning hole, and a positioning bolt 27 is provided in the first positioning hole 26 and the second positioning hole. When in use, as long as the mounting block 23 is moved to the corresponding first positioning hole 26 , the fixing is completed through the positioning bolt 27 . It is also possible that the positioning assembly includes multiple sets of bushings 28 and rotating rods 29 , and the bushings 28 and rotating rods 29 are located between the mounting blocks 23 and 23 or between the mounting blocks 23 and the connecting plate 22 . As shown in Figures 10 and 11, one end of the rotating rod 29 extends into one end of the sleeve 28 and is threadedly connected with the sleeve 28, and the other end of the sleeve 28 is affixed to the mounting block 23 or the connecting plate 22, The other end of the rotating rod 29 is provided with a rotating head 30 . A stepped hole is provided on the sliding block 24 or the connecting plate 22 at a position opposite to the rotating head 30 . The inner end of the stepped hole is larger than the outer end and the rotating head 30 is located in the stepped hole. When in use, the worker only needs to rotate the rotating rod 29 to adjust the distance between the mounting blocks 23 .

The used seedling-raising greenhouse structure is combined with that shown in FIGS. 13-17 , including a supporting wall 41 extending east-west, and the south side of the supporting wall 41 constitutes the north side wall of the greenhouse 46 . The south side of the supporting wall 41 is in the northern hemisphere, that is, the sunny side of the supporting wall 41, and of course it can also be the north side, which is applicable to the southern hemisphere. The upper surface of supporting wall 41 two ends is provided with support 42, and hinge shaft 43 and rotating shaft 44 are arranged between described support 42, and described rotating shaft 44 is positioned at below hinge shaft 43, and rotating shaft 44 is connected with motor 45, and namely rotating shaft 44 is driven by motor 45 , The motor 45 is preferably arranged on the upper surface of the supporting wall 41, and the motor 45 is connected with the controller. An arc-shaped cover plate 47 is arranged above the greenhouse 46. The side of the cover plate 47 close to the supporting wall 41 is hinged to the hinge shaft 43 and the edge is connected to the rotating shaft 44 by a plurality of stay ropes 48, and the stay rope 48 runs along the supporting wall 41. set uniformly along its length. A reflector 49 is arranged on the lower surface of the cover plate 47, and the reflector 49 is used for reflecting and refracting sunlight. The reflector 49 can be a mirror, a tinfoil layer, a galvanized layer, etc.

When the present invention is in use, there are mainly two states. One is the snow-proof state. If there is snowfall, as shown in Figure 13, the staff can turn on the motor 45, and the motor 45 drives the rotating shaft 44 to rotate and relax the stay cord 48 and the cover plate 47. Rotate around the hinge axis 43 so that the cover protects the greenhouse 46 over the greenhouse 46 . Simultaneously, because the cover plate 47 is arc-shaped, the snow accumulation can slide down along the cover plate 47, so as to avoid the snow accumulation on the top of the greenhouse 46 and collapse the greenhouse 46. Even in case of heavy snow, when the snow accumulated on the cover plate 47 cannot effectively slide down, the accumulated snow can be dumped to the other side of the support wall 41 by lifting the cover plate 47 multiple times. Another state is the normal state, as shown in Figure 14, when the weather is fine, the motor 45 is controlled to rotate in the opposite direction, the rotating shaft 44 rolls up the stay rope 48, thereby driving the cover plate 47 to rise, and the process of the cover plate 47 rising Among them, in order to prevent it from overturning, a limit bar 56 can also be provided on the bracket 42 between the rotating shaft 44 and the hinge shaft 43 . After the cover plate 47 is raised, the reflector 49 injects the light that could not reach the greenhouse 46 into the greenhouse 46, thereby providing sufficient sunlight for the greenhouse 46, ensuring the temperature in the greenhouse 46, and greatly reducing the energy consumption of the greenhouse 46 .

In order to further improve the performance of the present invention, a plurality of H-shaped rope winding grooves 50 can also be set corresponding to the stay rope 48 in the middle of the rotating shaft 44, and the width of the rope winding groove 50 is consistent with the diameter of the stay rope 48, and also That is, the size of the rope winding groove 50 is equivalent to that of the stay cord 48 , and the stay rope 48 is located in the rope winding groove 50 , and the stay rope 48 can cover another circle in the rope winding groove 50 . In this way, it is more beneficial for the synchronous action of the pull cords 48 to avoid uneven winding of the pull cords 48 on the rotating shaft 44 .

A plurality of support columns 51 can also be evenly arranged on the side of the greenhouse 46 away from the support wall 41, as shown in Figures 13 and 15, that is, a support column 51 is set on the left side of the greenhouse 46, and the top of the support column 51 is set The supporting portion 52 , a pressing portion 53 is provided on the cover plate 47 at a position opposite to the supporting portion 52 . Support column 51 can support the overhanging position of cover plate 47, reduces the load of hinge shaft 43, improves its service life. On this basis, a pressure sensor 54 can also be arranged on the upper surface of the support part 52, and an audible and visual alarm 55 can be arranged on the upper surface of the supporting wall 41, and the audible and visual alarm 55 and the pressure sensor 54 are respectively connected to the controller . When there is too much snow on the cover plate 47, it will be sensed by the pressure sensor, and the information will be fed back to the controller, and the controller will control the sound and light alarm 55 to alarm and notify the staff.

Claims (9)

1. A method for planting Salvia miltiorrhiza, characterized in that: the steps comprise: 1), Greenhouse Seedling Cultivation: Every November, in the greenhouse, sow and raise seedlings with Salvia miltiorrhiza seeds; 2) Field transplanting: 75 days after the emergence of salvia miltiorrhiza, transplant it to the field, and cover it with black plastic film to ensure the growth of salvia miltiorrhiza; 3) Field management: ensure water and fertilizer, and do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests; and in May, after the daytime temperature stabilizes above 20°C, remove the black plastic film; 4), Harvest: Harvest in October or November; In the described step 1), the structure of the greenhouse is: comprising a support wall (41) and a greenhouse (46), the support wall (41) extends along the east-west direction, and the south side of the support wall (41) constitutes a greenhouse (46). ) on the north side wall; the upper surface of the two ends of the support wall (41) is provided with supports (42), and hinged shafts (43) and rotating shafts (44) are arranged between the supports (42), and the rotating shafts (44) are positioned at the hinged shaft Below (43), the rotating shaft (44) is connected with the motor (45), and the motor (45) is connected with the controller; an arc-shaped cover plate (47) is set above the greenhouse (46), and the cover plate (47 ) near the side of the support wall (41) is hinged with the hinge shaft (43) and the edge is connected with the shaft (44) by a plurality of stay ropes (48); the lower surface of the cover plate (47) is provided with a reflector (49); The middle part of the rotating shaft (44) is provided with a plurality of H-shaped rope winding grooves (50) corresponding to the stay rope (48), the width of the rope winding groove (50) is consistent with the diameter of the stay rope (48), and the stay rope (48) is located in the rope winding groove (50); the side of the greenhouse (46) away from the support wall (41) is evenly provided with a plurality of support columns (51), and the top of the support column (51) is provided with a support portion (52 ), a pressing portion (53) is set at a position opposite to the support portion (52) on the cover plate (47); a limit bar is set on the bracket (42) between the rotating shaft (44) and the hinge shaft (43) (56). 2. The method for planting Salvia miltiorrhiza according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1), the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 18-28°C, and a temperature control mode of high daytime and low nighttime is adopted. 3. The planting method of Salvia miltiorrhiza according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the described step 1), plugs are used to raise seedlings, and the fertilizer for seedlings is 10-15 parts by weight of sawdust, 100-150 parts of decomposed farmyard manure, It is made by mixing 2-3 parts of plant ash, 2-2.5 parts of superphosphate, 5-10 parts of charcoal residue with particle size less than 5mm, and 250-300 parts of natural loam. 4. The planting method of Salvia miltiorrhiza according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the described step 2), select a slope that has not planted Salvia miltiorrhiza in the past two years, has good drainage, deep soil, loose and fertile, prepares the ground, turns over the sun, and makes Ridge, ridge width 1.0-1.2m, furrow between ridges 25-30cm wide, 20-25cm deep, plowing layer depth not less than 30cm; apply base fertilizer. 5. The planting method of Salvia miltiorrhiza according to claim 4, characterized in that: the base fertilizer is 100-150 kg of urea per mu, 100-150 kg of sawdust, 1500-2000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 50-80 kg of plant ash, and 20 kg of superphosphate. ～25kg, 1～1.2kg of boric acid, 1～3kg of zinc sulfate, 6～8kg of potassium sulfate. 6. the method for planting Salvia miltiorrhiza according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the described step 3), spray with the mixing accelerant foliage; The mixing accelerator is acetylsalicylic acid 0.1g～0.2g, ethanol 100～150ml, add 100L clean water, stir to make it dissolve completely, then adjust the pH value to 6.5～8 with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, static Place or stir the aqueous solution obtained above 30min; Specific foliar spraying methods: Time selection: Spray in the morning or from 3:00 to 5:00 in the afternoon; start spraying at the early flowering stage of Salvia miltiorrhiza, and stop spraying when the flowers begin to wither, once every 6 to 15 days; The mixing accelerator is sprayed on the leaves of the salvia miltiorrhiza plant through a sprayer, and sprayed from the upper and lower directions, so that the upper and lower sides of the leaves of the salvia miltiorrhiza plant are evenly covered with the mixing accelerator. 7. The planting method of Salvia miltiorrhiza according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the described step 3), the root irrigating treatment of Salvia miltiorrhiza is carried out 2 times with the anti-root rot agent, and the interval time between two adjacent root irrigating treatments It is 70-90 days, and the time for the first root irrigation treatment is more than 45 days after transplanting; the dosage of the medicament for the root irrigation treatment is 100-150g/hm2 according to the effective amount of thiazil, and the medicament is A mixed solution of 100-120 μg/mL effective concentration of thiazinil and 100-150 μg/mL effective concentration of dimethylformamide. 8. The planting method of Salvia miltiorrhiza according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1), the plug used includes a support, and the support includes a rectangular frame (1), and the frame (1) A plurality of beams (2) are arranged inside; a tray (3) is arranged between the two adjacent beams (2), and convex ribs (4) are arranged on both sides of the tray (3), and the ribs ( 4) placed on the beam (2); a plurality of seedling holes (5) are set on the hole plate (3), the seedling holes (5) are inverted conical and have an opening at the bottom, and the seedling holes (5) A top block (6) is arranged inside, and the upper end of the top block (6) is in an inverted conical shape matched with the seedling hole (5), and the lower end extends out of the seedling hole (5) and the end surface is spherical; the hole plate (3 ) is provided with a base (7) matching the tray (3) below, and the tray (3) is fixedly connected to the base (7); the upper surface of the base (7) is provided with a sliding groove, and a sliding block is arranged in the sliding groove (9) and the push-pull rod that extends along the length direction of the sliding groove, the upper surface of the sliding block (9) is spherical, and the sliding block (9) is fixedly connected with the push-pull rod; A plurality of sliding blocks (9) are fixedly arranged; rollers (13) are arranged on the lower surface of the sliding blocks (9). 9. The planting method of Salvia miltiorrhiza according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the described step 2), when the salvia miltiorrhiza is transplanted, use a special punching and positioning device to punch holes, and the punching and positioning device includes two roots arranged side by side. The notch is opposite to the mounting groove (21), the sliding block (24) is set in the mounting groove (21), and the two mounting grooves (21) are fixedly connected by the connecting plates (22) at both ends, and the two mounting grooves ( 21) a plurality of mounting blocks (23) are evenly arranged along the length direction; the sliding block (24) is fixedly connected with the mounting block (23); the middle part of the mounting block (23) is provided with a threaded through hole vertically, A perforating cone (25) is arranged in the threaded through hole, and the perforating cone (25) is threadedly connected with the mounting block (23); the sliding block (24) is positioned in the mounting groove (21) by a positioning assembly; The upper surface of the installation groove (21) is provided with scale marks; the positioning assembly includes multiple sets of sleeve pipes (28) and rotating rods (29), and the sleeve pipes (28) and rotating rods (29) are located between the mounting block (23) and the rotating rod (29). Between the mounting blocks (23) or between the mounting blocks (23) and the connecting plate (22); one end of the rotating rod (29) stretches into an end of the casing (28) and is threaded with the casing (28), The other end of the sleeve pipe (28) is affixed to the mounting block (23) or the connecting plate (22), and the other end of the rotating rod (29) is provided with a swivel head (30); the sliding block (24) or A step hole is set at a position opposite to the swivel head (30) on the connecting plate (22), the inner end of the step hole is large and the outer end is small and the swivel head (30) is located in the step hole; the two mounting grooves (21) Handles (31) are arranged at both ends, and the included angle between the handle (31) and the extension line of the upper surface of the installation groove (21) is 45°.