CN106068417A - 流体配线系统的电磁感应焊接 - Google Patents

流体配线系统的电磁感应焊接 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106068417A
CN106068417A CN201580011925.9A CN201580011925A CN106068417A CN 106068417 A CN106068417 A CN 106068417A CN 201580011925 A CN201580011925 A CN 201580011925A CN 106068417 A CN106068417 A CN 106068417A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
pipe
solderable
sensing
joint
welding compound
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201580011925.9A
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English (en)
Other versions
CN106068417B (zh
Inventor
吉迪恩·霍尔曼
保罗·施泰纳
伊兰·尤吉
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HULIOT A C S Ltd
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HULIOT A C S Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to CN202011136390.7A priority Critical patent/CN112555551A/zh
Publication of CN106068417A publication Critical patent/CN106068417A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN106068417B publication Critical patent/CN106068417B/zh
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1477—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation making use of an absorber or impact modifier
    • B29C65/148—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation making use of an absorber or impact modifier placed at the interface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3604—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3656—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being a layer of a multilayer part to be joined, e.g. for joining plastic-metal laminates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3668—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the means for supplying heat to said heated elements which remain in the join, e.g. special induction coils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3672—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3676—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being metallic
    • B29C65/368—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being metallic with a polymer coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7802—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • B29C65/7805—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring the parts to be joined comprising positioning features
    • B29C65/7817—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring the parts to be joined comprising positioning features in the form of positioning marks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1222—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a lapped joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1224—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a butt joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1226—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least one bevelled joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1244—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue
    • B29C66/12441—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue being a single wall
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/32—Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr
    • B29C66/324—Avoiding burr formation
    • B29C66/3242—Avoiding burr formation on the inside of a tubular or hollow article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/347—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined using particular temperature distributions or gradients; using particular heat distributions or gradients
    • B29C66/3472—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined using particular temperature distributions or gradients; using particular heat distributions or gradients in the plane of the joint, e.g. along the joint line in the plane of the joint or perpendicular to the joint line in the plane of the joint
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5221—Joining tubular articles for forming coaxial connections, i.e. the tubular articles to be joined forming a zero angle relative to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5224—Joining tubular articles for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces
    • B29C66/52241—Joining tubular articles for forming fork-shaped connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces with two right angles, e.g. for making T-shaped pieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52291—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising a stop
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52291—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising a stop
    • B29C66/52292—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising a stop said stop being internal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52296—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket comprising sealing elements, e.g. gaskets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/522—Joining tubular articles
    • B29C66/5229—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket
    • B29C66/52298—Joining tubular articles involving the use of a socket said socket being composed by several elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/63—Internally supporting the article during joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/63—Internally supporting the article during joining
    • B29C66/636—Internally supporting the article during joining using a support which remains in the joined object
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72321—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)
  • Non-Disconnectible Joints And Screw-Threaded Joints (AREA)
  • Standing Axle, Rod, Or Tube Structures Coupled By Welding, Adhesion, Or Deposition (AREA)

Abstract

安装接头(300)供感应可焊接管接头(100)使用用来装配多层管流体配线系统。感应焊接管接头(100)包括大的中心管接头部分(141)和具有相对于大的中心管接头部分(141)减少的厚度的小的侧端管接头部分对(142)。感应焊接管接头(151)具有一体的焊接剂流动阻碍物(152)用于装配流体配线系统。电磁感应线圈反作用钳子(400)供感应可焊接管接头使用用于装配流体配线系统。

Description

流体配线系统的电磁感应焊接
技术领域
本发明涉及用于在住宅、商业和工业管道系统中运输流体的流体配线系统的电磁感应焊接。
背景技术
共同拥有的WIPO国际公开号WO 2012/137197(发明名称：塑料管配线系统的电磁感应焊接)公开了感应可焊接管接头和用于在塑料管上夹紧感应可焊接管接头的电磁感应线圈组件。塑料管由热塑性塑料和热固性塑料制成，除了其它以外，该热塑性塑料包括PVC、PP、PP-R、HDPE等，该热固性塑料包括PEX等。该塑料管全部是由单一的塑性材料制成或具有多层构成。
感应可焊接管接头各自具有至少一种感应可焊接管插槽。每种感应可焊接管槽包括覆盖内部热塑性焊接剂衬管的固体金属感受器套管。该感应可焊接管接头可应用于许多各种不同的管接头，包括，尤其是，连接器、弯管接头、T形管接头、Y形管接头、X形管接头等。该感应可焊接管接头可被设计用于端到端电磁感应焊接两种不同直径的塑料管。该感应可焊接管接头包括具有外螺纹或内螺纹的接头端。
感应可焊接管接头和热塑性管的感应焊接无意地将过量的热能转移到管端，从而在感应焊接操作中引入不想要的不确定性的测量。此类无意的过量的热能是由于许多各种不同的因素，包括，尤其是，热塑性管和感应可焊接管接头的公差、管端和感应可焊接管插槽之间的表面接触、感应焊接操作的持续时间等。此类无意的过量的热能导致管端的不想要的内部塑性变形，对于装配流体配线系统的施工人员来说，它是无法察觉的。此类内部塑性变形引起在感应可焊接管接头处妨碍流体流动通过流体配线系统。
非常有必要控制感应焊接操作以保证均匀地焊接密封连接到高度的确定性。
欧洲市场采用流体配线系统，该流体配线系统是由包括被夹在一个或多个塑料层之间的铝芯层的多层管制成，该塑料层包括，尤其是，PEX等。与热塑性管相比，铝芯层提供内在机械刚性，并且防止扩散的氧气或其它气体扩散到流体流(fluid flow)。从多层管装配的流体配线系统采用，尤其是，“压配合”接头系统。该“压配合”接头系统包括具有2个或更多用于密封和固定管端的“压配合”管插槽的“压配合”安装接头。该“压配合”安装接头通常是由金属或塑料材料制成。“压配合”管插槽包括安装在管状的管柄脚上的环形邻接元件，该管状的管柄脚具有两个或更多的O形环用于受力滑动插入到管端中。“压配合”插槽包括用以在用于固定目的按压操作中被按压到管端上的加长的套管。“压配合”安装接头在许多各种不同的，包括，尤其是，连接器、弯管接头、T形管接头、Y形管接头、X形管接头等中可用。
“压配合”安装接头是相对昂贵的，施工人员需要相当多的“压配合”安装接头才能完成多层管流体配线系统。再者，管柄脚必然具有比多层管的内径更小的内径，它们插入到该多层管中，从而影响流体流动通过“压配合”安装接头。
需要用于装配多层管流体配线系统的替代方法。
发明内容
本发明的一方面针对的是供用于装配多层管流体配线系统的WO 2012/137197的感应可焊接管接头使用的安装接头(installation fitting)。本发明的安装接头类似上述“压配合”安装接头(“press fit”installation fitting)相同之处在于它们都包括一个或多个管状管柄脚(tubular pipe tangs)，该管状管柄脚具有至少两个用于受力滑动插入到多层管中的O形环用于密封地接合内部塑料层用来保护它的环形铝芯端面。本发明的安装接头与“压配合”安装接头的不同之处在于它们不是与固定装置一体地形成的。而是它们与分离的WO 2012/137197的感应可焊接管接头一起使用用于原位装配。本发明的安装接头能够被提供，非常类似于“压配合”安装接头，即连接器、弯管接头、T形管接头、Y形管接头、X形管接头等。
本发明的另一方面针对的是本发明的感应可焊接管接头，其具有小的侧端管接头部分对，小的侧端管接头部分对相比大的中心管接头部分厚度减小使得前者相比后者每单位长度吸收更小的感应能(induction energy)，从而保证大的中心管接头部分被感应加热到比小的侧端管接头部分对更高的温度。
本发明的再一方面针对的是在装配流体配线系统中使用的具有一体的焊接剂流动阻碍物(integral solder flow barrier)的感应可焊接管接头。一体的焊接剂流动阻碍物被安装在感应可焊接管接头内部并且经设计以当施加感应能时控制熔化的内部热塑性焊接剂衬管的向内径向流动，从而提供更加准确的感应焊接操作。根据本发明，具有一体的焊接剂流动阻碍物的感应可焊接管接头可被定制为适合装配热塑性管或塑料管，该塑料管凭借由热固性塑料材料制成或具有铝芯层具有内在机械刚性。
在热塑性管的前种情况中，一体的焊接剂流动阻碍物额外地用来向经历感应焊接的管端提供结构刚性，因此它必然比它的相关感应可焊接管接头长以延伸到被感应焊接在一起的管端的未加热的长度。供热塑性管使用的一体的焊接剂流动阻碍物可由热固性塑料材料制成，该热固性塑料材料具有比内部热塑性焊接剂衬管高的熔化温度使得它在感应焊接操作期间不受影响。或者，一体的焊接剂流动阻碍物由可溶解的材料制成，该可溶解的材料用来由流动通过流体配线系统的流体溶解。合适的可溶解的材料包括常见的盐。
在具有内在机械刚性的塑料管的后种情况中，一体的焊接剂流动阻碍物比它的相关感应可焊接管接头明显地短，从而在可溶解的一体的焊接剂流动阻碍物的情况中节省了可溶解的材料。熔化的内部热塑性焊接剂衬管的流动控制在具有铝芯层的多层管的情况中尤其重要，以保证熔化的内部热塑性焊接剂衬管材料完全地密封环形铝芯端面以防止它们的会导致管不能使用的氧化。
本发明的又一方面针对的是与电源一起使用的电磁感应(EMI)线圈反作用钳子(ElectroMagnetic Induction(EMI)coil reverse action plier)，其用于装配流体配线系统。钳子包括杠杆对和短的钳口对，该杠杆对在支点处枢转以形成长手柄对，该手柄对经设计由用户舒适地用手紧握。正常情况下，该钳口对由偏置部件(例如，弹簧等)偏置到关闭位置以形成线圈外壳，该线圈外壳经设计形状和尺寸用于包围准备用于感应焊接操作的感应可焊接管接头。当手动挤压手柄对在一起时，可打开钳口对。钳子能利用上述WO 2012/137197的EMI线圈组件用于提供几乎均匀的电磁场强度用来感应加热感应焊接管接头。
附图说明
为了理解本发明并且明白在实践中如何实施它，仅仅借助非限制性实施例，参照附图，现在优选的实施例将被描述，附图中类似的部分被做了同样标记，以及其中：
图1对应于上述WO 2012/137197中图1；
图2对应于上述WO 2012/137197中图2；
图3对应于上述WO 2012/137197中图3；
图4对应于上述WO 2012/137197中图4；
图5对应于上述WO 2012/137197中图5；
图6对应于上述WO 2012/137197中图6并且是沿着图5中B-B线的纵向截面图；
图7对应于上述WO 2012/137197中图7；
图8对应于上述WO 2012/137197中图8；
图9对应于上述WO 2012/137197中图9并且是沿着图8中C-C线的纵向截面图；
图10是传统的用于连接3个相同直径的多层管的T形“压配合”安装接头的透视图；
图11是多层管的端视图；
图12是T形“压配合”安装接头的部分分解图；
图13是根据本发明的教导供用于连接3个相同直径的多层管的3个感应可焊接管接头使用的T形安装接头的透视图；
图14是图13的T形安装接头的管端的正视图；
图15是图14的管端、感应可焊接管接头和多层管的预装配的组合件的透视图；
图16是图15的感应可焊接管接头沿着图15中的线16-16的纵轴截面图；
图17是装配的图15组合件的管端、感应可焊接管接头和多层管的预焊接连接的特写纵向截面图；
图18是装配的图15组合件的管端、感应可焊接管接头和多层管的焊接密封连接的特写纵向截面图；
图19是供在端到端感应焊接两个具有内在机械刚性的相同直径的塑料管期间使用的具有一体的焊接剂流动阻碍物的感应可焊接管接头的透视图；
图20是图19的感应可焊接管接头的分解图；
图21是图19的感应可焊接管接头沿着图19中的线21-21的纵向截面图；
图22A到图22C显示了用于端到端感应焊接两个相同直径的多层管的图19的感应可焊接管接头的使用；
图23是供在端到端感应焊接两个相同直径的热塑性管期间使用的具有由可溶解的材料制成的一体的焊接剂流动阻碍物的感应可焊接管接头的透视图；
图24是沿着图23中的线24-24的具有一体的焊接剂流动阻碍物的图23的感应可焊接管接头的纵向截面图；
图25是供在端到端感应焊接两个相同直径的热塑性管期间使用的具有由热固性塑料材料制成的一体的焊接剂流动阻碍物的感应可焊接管接头的透视图；
图26A到图26C显示了用于端到端焊接两个相同直径的热塑性管的图23的感应可焊接管接头的使用；
图27A和图27B显示了用于端到端焊接两个相同直径的热塑性管的图25的感应可焊接管接头的使用；
图28是用来与电源、感应可焊接管接头和一对多层管一起使用的电磁感应线圈反作用钳子的透视图；
图29是在操作状态中用于防止在感应焊接操作期间打开钳口对的具有内置的锁定机构的钳子的透视图；以及
图30是在感应焊接操作期间用于端到端连接多层管对的钳子沿着图29中线30-30的纵向截面图。
本发明优选实施例的详细描述
部分1：WO 2012/137197塑料管配线系统的电磁感应焊接
共同拥有的WO 2012/137197中图1至图4显示了感应可焊接管接头100用于电磁感应可焊接到一对相同直径的热塑性塑料管10。热塑性塑料管10具有外径D1，通常在10mm到30mm的范围内。热塑性塑料管10具有管端11。管端11具有外围的外部管端面12和暴露的环形管端面13。
感应可焊接管接头100具有纵向的管接头轴线101并且包括两个相对的感应可焊接管插槽102A和102B，各自用于在其中受力滑动插入管端11。感应可焊接管接头100具有两层构造，包括内部热塑性焊接剂衬管103和完全地外围地覆盖内部热塑性焊接剂衬管103的固体铁磁金属感受器套管104。
焊接剂衬管103具有带图案的外部焊接剂衬管表面106，内部焊接剂衬管表面107和一对焊接剂衬管端面108。焊接剂衬管103是由热塑性材料制成用来与热塑性管10焊接。焊接剂衬管103具有内径D2。直径D1和D2是使得管端11需要受力滑动插入到管插槽102中用来对其预加载。此类预加载确保了焊接剂衬管103的熔化反过来导致外围的外部管端面12的熔化，从而使得它们焊接在一起。
感受器套管104优选地是由钢构成以保证均匀加热它的焊接剂衬管103。感受器套管104具有外部感受器套管表面109、带图案的内部感受器套管表面111和一对感受器套管端面112。外部感受器套管表面109是暴露的金属表面，该表面可印刷有技术规格的详细说明，包括，尤其是，长度、内径、外径等。
带图案的外部焊接剂衬管表面106和带图案的内部感受器套管表面111是紧密互补的联锁接触以方便从感受器套管104到焊接剂衬管103的热传递。图3和图4显示了一系列沿纵向的管接头轴线101的错列的不同直径的相邻环113。交替的联锁图案，包括，尤其是，城状型表面、有沟的表面等。
焊接剂衬管103是与具有内径D3的中心向内导向的止动部件114一起形成，其中D1>D2>D3使得管端11当它们受力滑动插入到管接头100中时停靠在向内导向的止动部件114上。向内导向的止动部件114包括朝向感应可焊接管插槽102A的第一邻接表面114A和朝向感应可焊接管插槽102B的第二邻接表面114B。向内导向的止动部件114优选是环形的。
参照图5和图6，现在将描述感应可焊接管接头100和两个热塑性管10的电磁感应焊接：管端11被受力地插入到相对的管插槽102中以对其预加载。环形的管端面13在相对的侧面上邻接靠着中心向内导向的止动部件114。
电磁感应线圈(未显示)被放置在新形成的组合件上方以及无线电频率电流被供给电磁感应线圈。电磁感应线圈产生电磁场，其引起感受器套管104吸收电磁能。感受器套管104变热同时加热焊接剂衬管103。焊接剂衬管103开始熔化，外围的外部管端面12也同样如此，使得感应可焊接管接头100和管端11一起形成焊接密封连接120。随着焊接剂衬管103熔化，它也膨胀，正如来自焊接剂衬管103的熔化的热塑性材料流出越过感受器套管端面112在焊接密封连接120的每一侧形成环形的热塑性挤出物121所证明的。
共同拥有的WO 2012/137197中图7显示了类似于感应可焊接管接头100的感应可焊接管接头130，因此，相似部分被同样地编号。前者130不同于后者100之处在于前者130包括感受器套管104，感受器套管104具有它的左感受器套管端面112A的稍微向内的径向小直径检查孔132的系列131和它的右感受器套管端面112B的稍微向内的径向小直径检查孔132的系列131。图8和图9显示了包括环形热塑性挤出物121和额外地向外的径向突出物133的焊接密封连接120，突出物133由伸出检查孔132的焊接剂衬管103形成。
部分2：用于装配多层管流体配线系统的“压配合”安装接头
图10显示了用于连接3个相同直径的多层管20的T形“压配合”安装接头。
图11显示了多层管20具有3层构造，包括外部塑料层21、铝芯层22和内部塑料层23。多层管20具有外部管直径D1和内部管直径D4，外部管直径D1与塑料管10相同。多层管20包括管端24和暴露的环形管端面26，端面26具有易于氧化的环形铝芯端面27。
图10和图12显示了T形“压配合”安装接头200，其包括T形外壳201，其具有3个管插槽202用来各自密封地接收受力滑动插入其中的管端24。每个插槽202包括安装在具有两个或更多O形环206的管柄脚(pipe tang)204上的环形邻接元件203。管柄脚204具有外径D5。管插槽202和管柄脚204被设计尺寸使得多层管20需要受力滑动插入到管插槽202中用来保证O形环206靠着内部塑料层23密封。管端24被插入到管插槽202中直至邻接靠着邻接元件203。每个压配合插槽202包括意图在用于固定目的按压操作中被按压到管端24上的套管207。
部分3：用于感应焊接多层管流体配线系统的塑料安装接头
图13和图14显示了用于连接3个相同直径的多层管20的T形安装接头300，如同T形“压配合”安装接头200。与包括用于固定目的的一体的套管207的T形“压配合”安装接头200相比，T形安装接头300要求采用分离的感应可焊接管接头用于装配目的。多层管20在感应焊接方面等同塑料管10之处在于它们都包括外部塑料层21。T形安装接头300可完全由热塑性材料或热固性塑料材料制成，除了用于靠着内部塑料层23密封的传统O形环之外。T形安装接头300可与WO 2012/137197公开的感应可焊接管接头一起装配。或者，T形安装接头300可与下文描述的感应可焊接管接头140一起装配。
T形安装接头300包括具有3个管形塑料管端302的外壳301。每个管端302具有管端中心线303和与管端中心线303同方向的暴露的外部的外围的塑料表面304。管端302具有聚合于管状的管柄脚307的肩306。管柄脚307设置有至少两个O形环308，类似于管柄脚204。管端302优选地朝向管柄脚307逐渐减小使得肩306与图14的正视图中的管端中心线303界定被夹的锐角α。该被夹的锐角α优选地在45°±10°范围内。或者，肩306可与管柄脚307形成直角使得暴露的外部的外围的塑料表面304具有阶梯状的构造。管端302包括完全插入指示器309，其用于提供，当该完全插入指示器309接近它时，管端302已经完全地被插入到注塑焊接管接头(injection weldable pipe connector)中的视觉用户指示。
管端302被设计形状和尺寸用来受力滑动插入到感应可焊接管插槽102中，类似于管端24。管柄脚307被设计形状和尺寸用于受力滑动插入到多层管20中使得它的O形环308密封接触内部塑料表面23。因此，管端302具有类似于多层管20的外部管直径D1以及管柄脚307具有类似于管柄脚204的外径D5。
部分4：具有大的中心管接头部分和减少厚度的小的侧端管接头部分对的感应可 焊接管接头
图15和图16显示了感应可焊接管接头140不同于WO 2012/137197公开的感应可焊接管接头之处在于它们包括大的中心管接头部分141和分别在感应可焊接管插槽对102处的小的侧端管接头部分对142。感应可焊接管接头140具有长度L1，大的中心管接头部分141具有长度L2以及每个小的侧端管接头部分142具有长度L3，其中L1＝L2+2L3，并且L2>1/2L1。
大的中心管接头部分141具有厚度T1，每个小的侧端管接头部分142具有厚度T2，其中T2<T1。每个小的侧端管接头部分142相比大的中心接头部分141具有减小的厚度使得它们相比大的中心管接头部分141每单位长度吸收更少的感应能，从而确保大的中心管接头部分141被感应加热到比小的侧端管接头部分对142更高的温度。通常T2≈1/2T1。小的侧端管接头部分对142优选地与径向小直径孔132一起形成。
部分5：多层管流体配线系统的感应焊接
图17显示了管端302、感应可焊接管接头140和多层管20的预焊接连接145。管端302被插入到感应可焊接管插槽102A中直至肩306邻接靠在第一环形邻接表面114A上。多层管20被插入到感应可焊接管插槽102B中直至邻接靠在第二环形邻接表面114B上。管端302和多层管20到感应可焊接管接头140中的滑动插入密封地滑动管柄脚307到多层管20中借助O形环308密封地接合内部塑料层23。预焊接连接145包括由肩306、内部热塑性焊接剂衬管103和暴露的环形管端面26限定的环形腔146。
图18显示了以类似于上述WO2012/137197中解释的方式，向预焊接连接145施加感应能之后的焊接密封连接147。内部热塑性焊接剂衬管103熔化形成环形塑料挤出形成物121和向外径向的突出物133，如上文参照WO 2012/137197中图7到图9所描述的。还有，内部热塑性焊接剂衬管103熔化并且径向向内朝向管柄脚307流动以填充环形腔146用于密封环形铝芯端面27。此类密封提供额外的保护以避免铝芯层22的氧化。
部分6：感应可焊接管接头具有一体的焊接剂流动阻碍物(Solder Flow Barrier) 用于端到端感应焊接具有内在机械刚性的塑料管
图19到图21显示了具有一体的焊接剂流动阻碍物的感应可焊接管接头150(下文称为“辅助感应可焊接管接头”)用于端到端感应焊接两个具有内在机械刚性的塑料管。此类塑料管包括具有铝芯层的多层管20、热固性塑料管等。辅助感应可焊接管接头150从感应可焊接管接头140改进。或者，辅助感应可焊接管接头可从WO 2012/137197中公开的感应可焊接管接头100和130改进。
辅助感应可焊接管接头150包括感应可焊接管接头151、焊接剂流动阻碍物152和用于在感应可焊接管接头151内安装焊接剂流动阻碍物152的安装接头153。焊接剂流动阻碍物152包括被安装装置153利用的中心法兰154。合适的安装装置153包括，尤其是，机械装置、粘合等。焊接剂流动阻碍物152优选地由可溶解的材料构成，用于流体流过被溶解之前初始地辅助两个多层管20的感应焊接操作。
辅助感应可焊接管接头150具有与感应可焊接管接头140相同的长度L1，焊接剂流动阻碍物152具有长度L4，其中L4<L1。通常L4≈1/2L1。焊接剂流动阻碍物152包括与感应可焊接管插槽对102对应的管柄脚对156。管柄脚对156具有外径D5，类似管柄脚204和307，用于密封靠在内部塑料层23上的相同目的。焊接剂流动阻碍物152优选地包括与纵向管接头轴线101同方向的贯穿孔157。
图22A到图22C显示了使用辅助感应可焊接管接头150端到端感应焊接两个多层管20。
图22A显示了当受力滑动插入多层管20到相对的感应可焊接管插槽102中直至它们各自暴露的环形管端面26邻接靠在中心向内导向的止动部件114上时，辅助感应可焊接管接头150和多层管20的预焊接连接160。管柄脚对156滑动地插入到管端24中。环形管端面26和辅助感应可焊接管接头150形成环形接触区161A和161B，其在外部由内部热塑性焊接剂衬管103限定并且在内部由焊接剂流动阻碍物152限定。由于在暴露的环形管端面26和邻接表面114A和114B之间的表面接触公差，环形接触区161A和161B包含微小的腔。
图22B显示了以类似于上文WO 2012/137197中解释的的方式，在向预焊接连接160施加感应能之后的焊接密封连接162。内部热塑性焊接剂衬管103熔化并且膨胀以朝向焊接剂流动阻碍物152径向地向内并且还外围地沿着管端302和多层管20流动以形成环形热塑性挤出物121。此类向内膨胀填充环形接触区161从而密封地封闭相对的环形铝芯端面27(而不是O形环保护)以避免它们的氧化。
图22C显示了在通过流动通过多层管20的流体F溶解焊接剂流动阻碍物152之后的焊接密封连接162。
部分7：感应可焊接管接头具有一体的焊接剂流动阻碍物用于端到端感应焊接热 塑性管
图23和图24显示了具有一体的焊接剂流动阻碍物170的感应可焊接管接头(下文称为“辅助感应可焊接管接头”)用于端到端感应焊接两个相同直径的热塑性管10。辅助感应可焊接管接头170具有与辅助感应可焊接管接头150相同的构造和用途。辅助感应可焊接管接头170包括感应可焊接管接头171、焊接剂流动阻碍物172和用于在感应可焊接管接头171内部安装焊接剂流动阻碍物172的安装装置173。焊接剂流动阻碍物172包括被安装装置173利用的中心凸缘174和与感应可焊接管插槽对102对应的管柄脚对176。管柄脚对176具有外径D6用于受力滑动插入到热塑性管10中。焊接剂流动阻碍物172优选地包括与纵向的管接头轴线101同方向的贯穿孔177。
辅助感应可焊接管接头170具有与感应可焊接管接头140相同的长度L1，焊接剂流动阻碍物172具有长度L4，其中L4>L1。焊接剂流动阻碍物172比感应可焊接管接头171长是因为除了控制来自内部热塑性焊接剂衬管103的熔化的焊接剂衬管朝向类似于焊接剂流动阻碍物152的焊接剂流动阻碍物172径向向内定向流动，焊接剂流动阻碍物172还对两个热塑性管10提供机械支撑，这在具有内在机械刚性的塑料管的情况中是不需要的。因此，焊接剂流动阻碍物172必然不得不延伸到管端11的未加热的长度。通常L4≈1.5L1。
图25显示了感应可焊接管接头具有一体的焊接剂流动阻碍物180(下文称为“辅助感应可焊接管接头”)用于在端到端感应焊接两个相同直径的热塑性管10期间使用。辅助感应可焊接管接头180具有与辅助感应可焊接管接头170类似的构造和用途。后者180不同于前者170之处在于后者180包括由热固性塑料材料(而不是可溶解的材料)构成的焊接剂流动阻碍物181。焊接剂流动阻碍物181具有与感应可焊接管插槽对102对应的管柄脚对182。热固性塑料材料具有比内部热塑性焊接剂衬管103的熔化温度显著地高的熔化温度使得它在感应焊接操作期间并不熔化。焊接剂流动阻碍物181是辅助感应可焊接管接头180中永久的组件，因此，它优选被制造得尽可能薄，一方面提供感应焊接操作期间的需要的机械支撑，另一方面以最小地使辅助感应可焊接管接头180的内径变窄。焊接剂流动阻碍物181具有与纵向的管接头轴线101同方向的纵向的贯穿孔183。
图26A到图26C显示了采用辅助感应可焊接管接头170用于端到端感应焊接两个相同直径的热塑性管10。
图26A显示了在受力滑动插入热塑性管10到相对的感应可焊接管插槽102中直至它们各自暴露的环形端面13邻接靠在中心向内导向的止动部件114上时辅助感应可焊接管接头170和热塑性管10的预焊接连接190。管柄脚对176滑动插入到管端11中。暴露的环形管端面13和辅助感应可焊接管接头170形成环形接触区191A和191B，其在外部由内部热塑性焊接剂衬管103限定，在内部由焊接剂流动阻碍物172限定。由于暴露的环形管端面13和邻接表面114A和114B之间的表面接触公差，环形接触区191A和191B包含微小的腔。
图26B显示了以类似于上述WO 2012/137197中解释的方式向预焊接连接190施加感应能之后的焊接密封连接192。内部热塑性焊接剂衬管103熔化并且随着它膨胀填充环形接触区191，朝向焊接剂流动阻碍物172向内流动。管柄脚对176防止管端11的任何塑性变形。
图26C显示了在通过流动通过多层管10的流体F溶解焊接剂流动阻碍物172之后的焊接密封连接192。
图27A和图27B显示了采用辅助感应可焊接管接头180端到端感应焊接两个相同直径的热塑性管10。
图27A显示了在受力滑动插入热塑性管10到相对的感应可焊接管插槽102中直至它们各自暴露的环形端面13邻接靠在中心向内导向的止动部件114上时辅助感应可焊接管接头180和热塑性管10的预焊接连接195。管柄脚对182滑动插入到管端11中。暴露的环形管端面13和辅助感应可焊接管接头180形成环形接触区196A和196B，其在外部由内部热塑性焊接剂衬管103限定，在内部由焊接剂流动阻碍物181限定。由于暴露的环形管端面13和邻接表面114A和114B之间的表面接触公差，环形接触区196A和196B包含微小的腔。
图27B显示了以类似于上述WO 2012/137197中解释的方式，在向预焊接连接195施加感应能之后的焊接密封连接197。内部热塑性焊接剂衬管103熔化并且随着它膨胀填充环形接触区196，朝向焊接剂流动阻碍物181向内流动。管柄脚对182防止管端11的任何塑性变形。
部分8：电磁感应(EMI)线圈反作用钳子(ElectroMagnetic Induction(EMI)Coil Reverse Action Pliers)
图28到图30显示了电磁感应(EMI)线圈反作用钳子400用于与电源450一起使用用来感应焊接感应可焊接管接头以装配流体配线系统。钳子400可经设计与WO2012/13797公开的感应可焊接管接头和感应可焊接管接头140一起使用。
电源450包括用于控制感应焊接操作的用户界面451。用户界面451包括用于启动感应焊接操作的START开关452。用户界面451包括用于输入管材料和管直径的其它控制单元。管材料控制单元包括，尤其是，用于PP-R、PEX、HDPE、ML等的触摸选择按钮。管直径控制单元包括，尤其是，针对16-24mm直径、25-32mm直径、33-50mm直径和110mm直径的触摸选择按钮。基于用户输入，电源450确定感应焊接操作的持续时间和感应焊接操作的电压。
钳子400包括加长的杠杆对401和短的钳口对404，加长的杠杆对401在支点402处枢转，用于形成长手柄对403用来由用户用手舒适的紧握以抓住和使用钳子。钳子400包括偏置部件(biasing member)406用于，通常情况下，将钳口对404偏置到闭合位置用于限定具有横向于杠杆对401的纵向线圈外壳轴线408的管状线圈外壳407。当手动地将手柄对403挤压在一起时钳口对404可被打开克服偏置部件406。线圈外壳407被设计形状和尺寸以当对齐纵向线圈外壳轴线408和纵向管接头轴线101时包围其中的感应可焊接管接头140。
钳口对404包括用于向感应可焊接管接头140施加感应能的电磁感应线圈组件409。钳子400包括用于连接到电源450的电线对411。电线对411被分开使得一根电线411A沿着一个手柄403A延伸，另一根电线411B沿着另一个手柄403B延伸以减少电线对411之间的能量损失。
钳口对404具有阶梯状内表面412，其被设计形状和尺寸以紧密地接收感应可焊接管接头140。阶梯状内表面412是由中心部分142A和相对的端部分对412B构成，用于相应地接触大的中心管接头部分141和小的侧端管接头部分142。相对的端部分对412B各自优选地由带肋的面413构成。钳口对404保证感应可焊接管接头140最佳地放置在其中用来最佳地传递来自钳子400的感应能。
钳子400可包括持续的感应焊接操作指示器414用来提供感应焊接操作是在进行中的用户指示。用户指示可以是视觉警报、振动警报等的形式。钳子400包括用户操作开关416用于操作电源450用来启动和停止感应焊接操作而不是从电源的START开关452。钳子400额外地包括内置锁定机构417用来防止在感应焊接操作期间将手柄对403挤压在一起。锁定机构417包括枢转的刚性锁定部件418，其在感应焊接操作期间被激活到操作状态(参见图29)。
虽然用了有限数目的实施例描述本发明，应该理解本发明的许多变化、改进和其它的应用均在本发明权利要求的范围内做出。

Claims (33)

1.安装接头，所述安装接头供感应可焊接管接头和多层管使用用来形成连接所述安装接头和所述多层管的焊接密封连接，
所述感应可焊接管接头包括i)具有第一感应可焊接管插槽和第二感应可焊接管插槽的感应可焊接管插槽对，ii)具有中心向内导向的止动部件的内部热塑性焊接剂衬管和iii)完全地外围地覆盖所述内部热塑性焊接剂衬管的固体金属感受器套管，
所述多层管包括i)具有外部塑料层、铝芯层、内部塑料层的多层构造，和ii)具有环形铝芯端面的暴露的环形管端面，
所述安装接头包括具有管端中心线的管状的塑料管端和与所述管端中心线同方向的暴露的外部的外围的塑料表面，
所述管端具有肩，所述肩聚合于具有至少两个O形环的管状的管柄脚，
配置是当受力滑动插入到所述第一感应可焊接管插槽中时，所述管端停止靠到所述中心向内导向的止动部件上以及当受力滑动插入到所述第二感应可焊接管插槽中时所述多层管停止靠到所述中心向内导向的止动部件上，从而密封地插入所述管柄脚到所述多层管中，
由此在所述感受器套管中感生电磁感应熔化所述内部热塑性焊接剂衬管用于形成连接所述安装接头和所述多层管的焊接密封连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的接头，其特征在于，所述管端向所述管柄脚逐渐变小使得在所述管端的正视图中所述肩与所述管端中心线界定被夹的锐角。
3.根据权利要求2所述的接头，其特征在于，所述被夹的锐角是在45°±10°的范围内。
4.根据权利要求1到3任一项所述的接头，其特征在于，所述管端包括完全插入指示器，所述指示器用于提供，当所述完全插入指示器接近它时，所述管端已经完全地被插入到感应可焊接管插槽中的视觉用户指示。
5.流体配线系统，所述流体配线系统包括至少一个根据权利要求1到4任一项所述的安装接头。
6.一种形成用来连接安装接头和多层管的焊接密封连接的方法，
所述感应可焊接管接头包括i)具有第一感应可焊接管插槽和第二感应可焊接管插槽的感应可焊接管插槽对，ii)具有中心向内导向的止动部件的内部热塑性焊接剂衬管和完全地外围地覆盖所述内部热塑性焊接剂衬管的固体金属感受器套管，
所述多层管包括i)具有外部塑料层、铝芯层、内部塑料层的多层构造，和ii)具有环形铝芯端面的暴露的环形管端面，
所述安装接头包括具有管端中心线的管状的塑料管端和与所述管端中心线同方向的暴露的外部的外围的塑料表面，
所述管端具有肩，所述肩聚合于具有至少两个O形环的管状的管柄脚，
所述方法包括下述步骤：
(a)受力滑动插入所述管端到所述第一感应可焊接管插槽中以停止靠到所述中心向内导向的止动部件上以及受力滑动插入所述多层管到所述第二感应可焊接管插槽中以停止靠到所述中心向内导向的止动部件上，从而密封地插入所述管柄脚到所述多层管中；以及
(b)在所述感受器套管中感生电磁感应用于熔化所述热塑性焊接剂衬管，用于形成连接所述安装接头和所述多层管的焊接密封连接。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述管端向所述管柄脚逐渐变小使得在所述管端的正视图中所述肩与所述管端中心线界定被夹的锐角。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述被夹的锐角是在45°±10°的范围内。
9.根据权利要求6到8任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述管端包括完全插入指示器，所述指示器用于提供，当所述完全插入指示器接近它时，所述管端已经完全地被插入到感应可焊接管套中的视觉用户指示。
10.感应可焊接管接头，所述感应可焊接管接头用于端到端感应焊接各自具有管端的管对，所述感应可焊接管接头包括：
感应可焊接管插槽对，所述感应可焊接管插槽对包括用于在其中受力滑动插入第一塑料管端的第一感应可焊接管插槽和用于在其中受力滑动插入第二塑料管端的第二感应可焊接管插槽，
内部热塑性焊接剂衬管和外围地覆盖所述热塑性焊接剂衬管的固体金属感受器套管，当在所述感应可焊接管套中感生电磁感应时，所述感受器套管吸收电磁能用于熔化所述热塑性焊接剂衬管，用来焊接所述感应可焊接管插槽对到所述管端以形成连接所述管对的焊接密封连接，
具有厚度T1的大的中心管接头部分和分别在所述感应可焊接管插槽对处的小的侧端管接头部分对，每个所述小的侧端管接头部分具有厚度T2，其中T1>T2使得所述大的中心管接头部分比每个所述小的侧端管接头部分每单位长度吸收更多的感应能。
11.根据权利要求10所述的接头，其特征在于，T2≈1/2T1。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的接头，其特征在于，所述感应可焊接管接头具有长度L1，所述大的中心管接头部分具有长度L2，并且L2>1/2L1。
13.感应可焊接管接头，所述感应可焊接管接头具有一体的焊接剂流动阻碍物用于端到端感应焊接各自具有管端和暴露的环形管端面的管对，具有一体的焊接剂流动阻碍物的所述感应可焊接管接头具有纵向的管接头轴线和长度L1，并且包括：
(a)感应可焊接管接头，所述感应可焊接管接头具有感应可焊接管插槽对，所述感应可焊接管插槽对包括用于在其中受力滑动插入第一管端的第一感应可焊接管插槽和用于在其中受力滑动插入第二管端的第二感应可焊接管插槽，
所述感应可焊接管接头具有内部热塑性焊接剂衬管和外围地覆盖所述内部热塑性焊接剂衬管的固体金属感受器套管，以及
所述内部热塑性焊接剂衬管具有中心向内导向的止动部件，所述中心向内导向的止动部件具有朝向所述第一感应可焊接管插槽的第一邻接表面和朝向所述第二感应可焊接管插槽的第二邻接表面；以及
(b)安装在所述内部热塑性焊接剂衬管内部并且具有长度L4的焊接剂流动阻碍物，所述焊接剂流动阻碍物包括与所述第一感应可焊接管插槽相关的第一管柄脚和与所述第二感应可焊接管插槽对相关的第二管柄脚，
配置是当受力滑动插入到所述第一感应可焊接管插槽中时第一管停止靠到所述第一邻接表面用于密封地插入所述第一管柄脚到所述第一管中，并且在所述第一管和具有一体的焊接剂流动阻碍物的所述感应可焊接管接头之间形成第一环形接触区，所述第一环形接触区在外部由所述内部热塑性焊接剂衬管限定并且在内部由所述焊接剂流动阻碍物限定，以及
当受力滑动插入到所述第二感应可焊接管插槽中时第二管停止靠到所述第二邻接表面用于密封地插入所述第二管柄脚到所述第二管中，并且在所述第二管和具有一体的焊接剂流动阻碍物的所述感应可焊接管接头之间形成第二环形接触区，所述第二环形接触区在外部由所述内部热塑性焊接剂衬管限定并且在内部由所述焊接剂流动阻碍物限定，
由此在所述感受器套管中感生电磁感应熔化所述内部热塑性焊接剂衬管用于来自所述内部热塑性焊接剂衬管的熔化的焊接剂的径向向内流动到所述焊接剂流动阻碍物，用于填充所述第一和第二环形接触区用来形成端到端感应焊接所述管对的焊接密封连接。
14.根据权利要求13所述的接头，其特征在于，所述焊接剂流动阻碍物包括用于安装在所述感应可焊接管接头上的中心法兰。
15.根据权利要求13或14所述的接头，其特征在于，所述焊接剂流动阻碍物由可溶解的材料制成，该材料在流体流动通过所述管对时被溶解。
16.根据权利要求15所述的接头，其特征在于，所述焊接剂流动阻碍物是管状的，并且具有与所述纵向的管接头轴线同方向的纵向的贯穿孔。
17.根据权利要求13或14所述的接头，其特征在于，所述焊接剂流动阻碍物是管状的，具有与所述纵向的管接头轴线同方向的纵向的贯穿孔，以及由具有比所述内部热塑性焊接剂衬管的熔化温度高的熔化温度的热固性塑料材料制成。
18.根据权利要求13到16任一项所述的接头，其特征在于，L4<L1，其用于包括具有内在机械刚性的塑料管的流体配线系统。
19.根据权利要求13到17任一项所述的接头，其特征在于，L4>L1，其用于包括热塑性管的流体配线系统。
20.流体配线系统，所述流体配线系统包括至少一种根据权利要求13到19任一项所述的感应可焊接管接头。
21.一种使用具有一体的焊接剂流动阻碍物的感应可焊接管接头用于端到端感应焊接各自具有管端和暴露的环形管端面的管对的方法，
具有一体的焊接剂流动阻碍物的所述感应可焊接管接头具有纵向的管接头轴线和长度L，
具有一体的焊接剂流动阻碍物的所述感应可焊接管接头包括具有感应可焊接管插槽对的感应可焊接管接头，所述感应可焊接管插槽对包括用于在其中受力滑动插入第一塑料管端的第一感应可焊接管插槽和用于在其中受力滑动插入第二塑料管端的第二感应可焊接管插槽，
所述感应可焊接管接头具有内部热塑性焊接剂衬管和外围地覆盖所述内部热塑性焊接剂衬管的固体金属感受器套管，以及
所述内部热塑性焊接剂衬管具有中心向内导向的止动部件，所述中心向内导向的止动部件具有朝向所述第一感应可焊接管插槽的第一邻接表面和朝向所述第二感应可焊接管插槽的第二邻接表面；以及
焊接剂流动阻碍物安装在所述内部热塑性焊接剂衬管的内部并且具有长度L4，所述焊接剂流动阻碍物包括与所述第一感应可焊接管插槽相关的第一管柄脚和与所述第二感应可焊接管插槽对相关的第二管柄脚，
所述方法包括以下步骤：
(a)受力滑动插入所述第一管到所述第一感应可焊接管插槽中停止靠到所述第一邻接表面用于密封地插入所述第一管柄脚到所述第一管中并且在所述第一管和具有一体的焊接剂流动阻碍物的所述感应可焊接管接头之间形成第一环形接触区，所述第一环形接触区在外部由所述内部热塑性焊接剂衬管限定并且在内部由所述焊接剂流动阻碍物限定；
(b)受力滑动插入所述第二管到所述第二感应可焊接管插槽中停止靠到所述第二邻接表面用于密封地插入所述第二管柄脚到所述第二管中并且在所述第二管和具有一体的焊接剂流动阻碍物的所述感应可焊接管接头之间形成第二环形接触区，所述第二环形接触区在外部由所述内部热塑性焊接剂衬管限定并且在内部由所述焊接剂流动阻碍物限定；以及
(c)在所述感受器套管中感生电磁感应熔化所述内部热塑性焊接剂衬管用于来自所述内部热塑性焊接剂衬管的熔化的焊接剂的径向向内流动到所述焊接剂流动阻碍物，用于填充所述第一和第二环形接触区用来形成用于端到端感应焊接所述管对的焊接密封连接。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法，其特征在于，所述焊接剂流动阻碍物包括用于安装在所述感应可焊接管接头上的中心法兰。
23.根据权利要求21或22所述的方法，其特征在于，所述焊接剂流动阻碍物由可溶解的材料制成，所述材料在流体流动通过所述管对时被溶解。
24.根据权利要求23所述的方法，其特征在于，所述焊接剂流动阻碍物是管状的并且具有与所述纵向的管接头轴线同方向的纵向的贯穿孔。
25.根据权利要求21或22所述的方法，其特征在于，所述焊接剂流动阻碍物是管状的，具有与所述纵向的管接头轴线平行的纵向的贯穿孔，并且由具有比所述内部热塑性焊接剂衬管的熔化温度高的熔化温度的热固性塑料材料制成。
26.根据权利要求21到24任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，L4<L1，其用于包括具有内在机械刚性的塑料管的流体配线系统。
27.根据权利要求21到25任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，L4>L1，其用于包括热塑性管的流体配线系统。
28.电磁感应线圈反作用钳子，所述电磁感应线圈反作用钳子和具有第一极性端和第二相反极性端的电源一起使用用来感应焊接感应可焊接管接头和塑料管端以形成焊接密封连接，所述钳子包括：
(a)加长的杠杆对和短的钳口对，所述加长的杠杆对在支点处枢转用于形成由用户用手紧握的长手柄对；
(b)偏置部件，所述偏置部件用于正常地偏置所述钳口对到关闭位置用于限定具有横向于所述杠杆对的纵向的线圈外壳轴线的管状的线圈外壳，其中当手动将所述手柄对挤压在一起用于打开所述钳口对时，所述偏置反向移动；以及
(c)外围地围绕所述线圈外壳延伸的感应线圈，由此对所述电源的操作激发所述感应线圈在距所述纵向的线圈外壳轴线给定的径向距离处产生基本上均匀的电磁场强度，用于在所述感应可焊接管接头中感生出电磁感应和放置在其中的塑料管端形成焊接密封连接。
29.根据权利要求28所述的钳子，其特征在于，所述感应线圈包括用于连接到所述电源的电线对，其中所述电线对包括沿着所述手柄对的第一手柄延伸的第一电线和沿着所述手柄对的第二手柄延伸的第二电线。
30.根据权利要求28或29所述的钳子，其特征在于，所述线圈外壳具有阶梯状内表面，所述阶梯状内表面包括中心部分和一对侧端，其中所述侧端具有比所述中心部分小的内径。
31.根据权利要求28到30任一项所述的钳子，所述钳子进一步包括持续的感应焊接操作指示器，所述指示器用于提供感应焊接操作是在进行中的用户指示。
32.根据权利要求28到31任一项所述的钳子，所述钳子进一步包括用户操作的开关，所述用户操作的开关用于操作所述电源用于启动和停止感应焊接操作。
33.根据权利要求28到32任一项所述的钳子，所述钳子进一步包括内置锁定机构，所述锁定机构用于在感应焊接操作期间阻止所述将所述手柄对挤压在一起以打开所述钳口对。
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US11230065B2 (en) 2022-01-25
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