CN106064943A - 铋基无铅压电陶瓷及使用该材料的压电执行器 - Google Patents

铋基无铅压电陶瓷及使用该材料的压电执行器 Download PDF

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CN106064943A
CN106064943A CN201610379644.5A CN201610379644A CN106064943A CN 106064943 A CN106064943 A CN 106064943A CN 201610379644 A CN201610379644 A CN 201610379644A CN 106064943 A CN106064943 A CN 106064943A
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piezoelectric ceramics
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周佳骏
童兴野
李海龙
刘红
方敬忠
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种铋基无铅压电陶瓷及使用该材料的压电执行器，涉及电子陶瓷与元器件技术领域，具体提供一种新的无铅压电陶瓷材料，可以替代传统的铅基压电陶瓷，用于压电执行器应用的相关领域。该材料为主要包含Bi、Ti、Na和Sr元素，及少量其它元素，在传统驱动器工作电场下，具有比PZT陶瓷更为优异的场致应变性能。基于该材料的压电执行器可广泛用于压电喷油器、压电精密平台等工业领域。

Description

铋基无铅压电陶瓷及使用该材料的压电执行器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于电子元器件行业的压电陶瓷材料，不含铅的铋基钙钛矿压电陶瓷以及使用该材料的压电执行器/微位移器件。
背景技术
压电陶瓷是一类极其重要的电子功能材料，基于该材料的执行器/驱动器在柴油喷油器、航空航天和光学领域得到了广泛的应用。
目前，压电执行器的原材料基本上采用传统的PZT基压电陶瓷。该类陶瓷的历史可以追溯到上个世纪50年代，B.Jaffe等发现了一种二元系钛锆酸铅(Pb(Zr,Ti)O3，PZT)具有非常优异的压电性能。PZT是由铁电相PbTiO3和反铁电相PbZrO3构成的连续固溶体，其结构为ABO3钙钛矿型。1965年，日本学者Hiromu Ouchi等通过在PZT中添加第三种组分铌镁酸铅Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3，研制成第一种商用三元系压电陶瓷材料(PMN-PZT)。目前市场上使用的压电陶瓷原材料大多数都是含铅的多元系陶瓷，铅含量超过60wt％。当该类压电陶瓷在生产过程中或者暴露在酸性环境中时，Pb会游离出来造成环境损害。基于此类问题，研究者正在寻找能够替代该陶瓷的环境友好材料。虽然无铅压电陶瓷性能依然有待提高，但是压电陶瓷在不同的应用场合所需要的性能参数不太一样。因此，在某些特定的领域，无铅压电陶瓷可以发挥其替代作用。
钛酸铋钠基陶瓷可以在电场驱动下产生很大的应变(J.Appl.Phys.103,034108,2008)，这种特性非常适合于压电执行器的使用。但是从实用的角度看来，该材料的应用还存在着一个典型的问题-高的驱动电场。压电陶瓷执行器/驱动器的单向驱动电场通常为2-3kV/mm，而一般BNT基陶瓷在压电系数达到与PZT类似时所需要的电场高达6kV/mm。如何在低的驱动电场下获得比PZT更大的应变性能成为无铅压电执行器研制的关键技术。本发明所列出的材料具有比传统Pb基压电陶瓷更为优异的压电性能，在正常的工作电场下。基于该材料的压电执行器可应用于压电喷油器、精密定位平台等工业领域。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的上述问题，提供一种铋基无铅压电陶瓷及使用该材料的压电执行器。
本发明通过以下技术方案来实现：一种铋基无铅压电陶瓷，所述的压电陶瓷为钙钛矿结构，主要包含Bi、Ti、Na和Sr元素。
所述的压电陶瓷组成式为：
(1-x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3+xSrTiO3+ywt％MnO2其中0.10≤x≤0.30；0.0≤y≤1.0。
或所述的压电陶瓷组成式为：
(1-a)[(1-x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3+xSrTiO3]+aBi0.5(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3其中0.10≤x≤0.30；0.0≤a≤0.1。
或所述的压电陶瓷组成式为：
(1-b)[(1-x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3+xSrTiO3]+bNaNbO3其中0.10≤x≤0.30；0.0≤b≤0.1。
本发明另外提供一种压电执行器，所述压电执行器的底部与顶部采用压电陶瓷，所述压电执行器的中间部分由压电陶瓷与电极交替堆叠而成，所述压电执行器的侧面采用公共电极连接各个电极层；所述的压电陶瓷是指上述铋基无铅压电陶瓷。
本发明的原理在于：
铋基压电陶瓷的基体配方采用以下三种方式之一：
(1-x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3+xSrTiO3+ywt％MnO2其中0.10≤x≤0.30；0.0≤y≤1.0；
(1-a)[(1-x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3+xSrTiO3]+aBi0.5(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3其中0.10≤x≤0.30；0.0≤a≤0.1；
(1-b)[(1-x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3+xSrTiO3]+bNaNbO3其中0.10≤x≤0.30；0.0≤b≤0.1；
压电陶瓷制造方式为传统固相烧结工艺。按化学计量比称量后，将原料粉球磨混合，烘干，过40目筛后，压片，在800℃-900℃烧结2-4h；将烧结得到的原料块，碾碎，球磨，烘干，过筛后，得到预烧结的陶瓷粉体。制作传统陶瓷片时，先造粒再模压成型，得到生坯片。生坯片先在600℃脱脂，然后在1100-1230℃烧结2h，陶瓷片进行抛光、表面被银和极化处理。用该粉体制备叠层压电执行器时，采用流延工艺制得陶瓷生坯，然后印制电极，叠层，切割，烧结，制作外电极，最后得到共烧的压电执行器。
本发明的有益效果是：提供一种比传统Pb基压电陶瓷具有更优异驱动性能的Bi基压电陶瓷。该材料具有环境友好性，大的输出力和抗疲劳特性，用于制造压电执行器。
附图说明
图1为1#样品在电场驱动下的位移性能示意图；
图2为2#样品在电场驱动下的位移性能示意图；
图3为5#样品在电场驱动下的位移性能示意图；
图4为10#样品在电场驱动下的位移性能示意图；
图5为压电执行器结构示意图；
图6为两类陶瓷的场致应变性能对比示意图；
符号说明：
101 外电极；
102 内电极；
103 压电陶瓷层；
104 顶陶瓷层；
105 底陶瓷层。
具体实施方式：
实施例1
表1给出了本例中所实施的2个试样的配方。本发明以分析纯级Bi2O3、Na2CO3、TiO2、SrCO3、和MnO2为原材料，按照化学式(1-x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3+xSrTiO3+ywt％MnO2，称取原材料之后，放入球磨罐中，以无水乙醇为介质，球磨24h后，将得到的浆料放入烘箱烘干，过40目筛，在820℃预烧4h。将预烧得到的粉料破碎，球磨，烘干之后过120目筛，然后加入一定量的3wt％PVA水溶液造粒，模压成型，在600℃停留2h排胶，然后在1100-1230℃烧结2h。将烧好的陶瓷片抛光，烧银电极之后静置24h，最后进行电学性能。
表1
试样编号 X Y 烧结温度 εr loss Emax(kV/mm) Smax(％) Srem(％)
1 0.26 0 1230 1918 0.042 3 0.262 0.02
2 0.26 0.25 1100 1547 0.012 3 0.246 0
实施例2
表2给出了本例中所实施的4个试样的配方。本发明以分析纯级Bi2O3、Na2CO3、TiO2、SrCO3、和MgO为原材料，按照化学式(1-a)[(1-x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3+xSrTiO3]+aBi0.5(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3称取原材料之后，放入球磨罐中，以无水乙醇为介质，球磨24h后，将得到的浆料放入烘箱烘干，过40目筛，在860℃预烧2h。将预烧得到的粉料破碎，球磨，烘干之后过120目筛，然后加入一定量的3wt％PVA水溶液造粒，模压成型，在600℃停留2h排胶，然后在1100-1250℃烧结2h。将烧好的片抛光，烧银电极之后，静置24h，最后进行电学性能测试。
表2
实施例3
表3给出了本例中所实施的4个试样的配方。本发明以分析纯级Bi2O3、Na2CO3、TiO2、SrCO3、和Nb2O5为原材料，按照化学式(1-b)[(1-x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3+xSrTiO3]+bNaNbO3称取原材料之后，放入球磨罐中，以无水乙醇为介质，球磨24h后，将得到的浆料放入烘箱烘干，过40目筛，在900℃预烧2h。将预烧得到的粉料破碎，球磨，烘干之后过120目筛，然后加入一定量的3wt％PVA水溶液造粒，模压成型，在600℃停留2h排胶，然后在1100-1250℃烧结2h。将烧好的片抛光，烧银电极之后，静置24h，最后进行电学性能测试。
表3
以上所述仅为本发明较好的实施案例，并不用于限制本发明。熟悉本领域的技术人员可以容易对以上这些实例进行修改，并把一般原理应用到其它实例中而不通过创造性的劳动。故凡本领域技术人员根据本发明之提示，对本发明进行的修改和改进均在本发明的保护之内。

Claims (5)

1.一种铋基无铅压电陶瓷，其特征在于：所述的压电陶瓷为钙钛矿结构，主要包含Bi、Ti、Na和Sr元素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铋基无铅压电陶瓷，其特征在于：所述的压电陶瓷组成式为：
(1-x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3+xSrTiO3+ywt％MnO2其中0.10≤x≤0.30；0.0≤y≤1.0。
3.根据权利要求1所述的铋基无铅压电陶瓷，其特征在于：所述的压电陶瓷组成式为：
(1-a)[(1-x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3+xSrTiO3]+aBi0.5(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3其中0.10≤x≤0.30；0.0≤a≤0.1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的铋基无铅压电陶瓷，其特征在于：所述的压电陶瓷组成式为：
(1-b)[(1-x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3+xSrTiO3]+bNaNbO3其中0.10≤x≤0.30；0.0≤b≤0.1。
5.一种压电执行器，所述压电执行器的底部与顶部采用压电陶瓷，所述压电执行器的中间部分由压电陶瓷与电极交替堆叠而成，所述压电执行器的侧面采用公共电极连接各个电极层；其特征在于：所述的压电陶瓷是指权利要求1-4中的任何一项铋基无铅压电陶瓷。
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