CN106040287B - 废气净化用催化剂 - Google Patents
废气净化用催化剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106040287B CN106040287B CN201610214817.8A CN201610214817A CN106040287B CN 106040287 B CN106040287 B CN 106040287B CN 201610214817 A CN201610214817 A CN 201610214817A CN 106040287 B CN106040287 B CN 106040287B
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title abstract description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 33
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XAYGUHUYDMLJJV-UHFFFAOYSA-Z decaazanium;dioxido(dioxo)tungsten;hydron;trioxotungsten Chemical compound [H+].[H+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O XAYGUHUYDMLJJV-UHFFFAOYSA-Z 0.000 description 3
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- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001785 cerium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006388 chemical passivation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019628 coolness Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002927 oxygen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003658 tungsten compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及废气净化用催化剂。本发明提供了一种良好的NOx选择还原催化剂。NOx选择还原催化剂,其包含Ti、Ce、W、和P或S的复合氧化物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及NOx选择还原催化剂,特别是涉及将氮氧化物选择还原的TiCeW系NOx选择还原催化剂。
背景技术
当发动机在氧过剩气氛下燃烧时,从发动机排出含有一氧化碳、烃和氮氧化物(NOx)等的废气。另外,作为使用氨等还原剂将在氧过剩气氛下排出的NOx还原的催化剂,已知的有选择还原型(Selective Catalytic Reduction,SCR)催化剂。
在这样的情况下,在专利文献1中,记载了以氨作为还原剂的载持有氢氧化钛、钨酸或其盐类、二氧化铈等的氮氧化物除去用催化剂等(专利文献1的权利要求1、8和9等)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:特开2003-251180号公报
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
但是,关于上述的NOx接触还原型催化剂例如载持铜的沸石,在500℃等的高温条件下,Cu在沸石的表面催化NH3的氧化反应而生成NOx,还原剂不足。由此产生不能将NOx还原且高温下的NOx净化率急剧下降的问题。因此,期望高温下的NOx净化率高的接触还原型催化剂。
用于解决课题的手段
本发明人进行专心努力的结果发现,通过使用将P和/或S添加到Ti、Ce和W的混合物中而得到的复合氧化物作为催化剂,令人惊讶地,可提供一种使500℃的高温等下的催化剂的还原效率等大幅提高、具有优异的NOx选择还原能力的催化剂,从而使本发明得以完成。
本发明的实施方案如下。
〈1〉NOx选择还原催化剂,其包含Ti、Ce、W、和P或S的复合氧化物。
〈2〉〈1〉项中记载的NOx选择还原催化剂,其为包含核部和壳部的核壳型的催化剂,该核部包含沸石及Cu,该壳部包含该复合氧化物。
发明效果
根据本发明的实施方案,可提供一种与以往的载持铜的沸石催化剂相比,能够在500℃等高温条件下维持更好的NOx净化率的NOx选择还原催化剂。进而,通过形成以载持铜的沸石作为核、以复合氧化物作为壳的核壳结构,可提供一种不仅在高温条件下而且在低温条件下也显示非常良好的NOx净化率的NOx选择还原催化剂。
附图说明
图1是示出实施例5和6的催化剂及比较例1的催化剂的结构和机制的示意图的图。
图2是示出关于实施例5和6、比较例1及参考例1的试样在低温(250℃)和高温(500℃)下的NOx净化率(%);以及关于实施例5和6、比较例1及参考例1的试样在高温(500℃)下的NH3氧化率(%)的图。
具体实施方式
在本说明书中,粒径是指粒子的直径,在粒子不为球的情况下,是指粒子的最大直径。
而且,细孔径是指细孔的直径,在细孔的截面积不为圆的情况下,是指相同面积的圆的直径。
根据本发明的实施方案的NOx选择还原催化剂包含复合氧化物,该复合氧化物包含钛(Ti)、铈(Ce)、钨(W)、以及磷(P)和/或硫(S)。
根据本发明的实施方案的复合氧化物包括如下两者:作为各构成成分的Ti、Ce、W、以及P和/或S的氧化物的混合物,和具有这些成分的固溶体。
该复合氧化物是指利用XRD分析,在25.2°处具有锐钛矿型TiO2晶体的主峰的氧化物。
该复合氧化物相对于100摩尔%的Ti,可包含:约1摩尔%以上、约3摩尔%以上、约5摩尔%以上、约8摩尔%以上、约10摩尔%以上、以及约20摩尔%以下、约17摩尔%以下、约15摩尔%以下、约12摩尔%以下的W;约1摩尔%以上、约3摩尔%以上、约4摩尔%以上、约5摩尔%以上、以及约10摩尔%以下、约8摩尔%以下、约6摩尔%以下的P;和各自约0.5摩尔%以上、约1摩尔%以上、约2摩尔%以上、约3摩尔%以上、以及约10摩尔%以下、约8摩尔%以下、约6摩尔%以下、约4摩尔%以下的Ce、S。
其中,相对于100摩尔%的Ti,W优选为约8摩尔%以上、约12摩尔%以下,P优选为约4摩尔%以上、约6摩尔%以下,Ce和S优选为约2摩尔%以上、约4摩尔%以下。
在该复合氧化物中,复合氧化物中的各成分均匀地分散,即,在复合氧化物中的任意大小的体积中,以原子比计,相对于这些各元素的进料比,其误差在约±30%以内的范围内。
在该复合氧化物中,粒径可以为约10nm以上以及约20nm以下、约30nm以下,在具有细孔的情况下,细孔径可以为约5nm以上以及约10nm以下、约20nm以下。
予以说明,只要不特别产生问题,该复合氧化物除了上述构成成分以外,还可以相对于100摩尔%的Ti包含约50摩尔%以下的氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化锆中的至少任一种等的杂质。
根据本发明的实施方案的催化剂可具有以该复合氧化物作为壳、以其它成分作为核的核壳结构。
作为用于核的材料,可使用沸石、过渡金属氧化物等的无机氧化物与铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)、钴(Co)、铁(Fe)等可氧化还原的金属元素的混合物。
相对于100质量份的无机氧化物,该核可以包含约2质量份~约50质量份的金属元素,核自身以其长·宽·高的各自的尺寸计,可具有约10nm~约5μm范围的大小。
以100wt%的核与壳的合计为基准,该核壳材料可包含约90wt%~约99.5wt%的核材料,该壳部的厚度可以为约1nm以上、约100nm以下,优选为约5nm以上、约50nm以下,更优选为约10nm以上、约20nm以下。
根据本发明的实施方案的复合氧化物只要不产生问题就不特别限定,可通过如下方法等公知的方法来得到:以所期望的进料量将硝酸铈等的铈化合物与偏钛酸、原钛酸等酸或其醇盐、水合氧化钛的浆料、其干燥物或二氧化钛溶胶等钛化合物混合,从而使溶胶生成;在仲钨酸铵、钨的含氧酸或其盐类等钨化合物中加入磷酸和/或硫酸铵等硫酸盐,并根据需要在其中加入草酸、乙酸等的pH调节剂和/或硅溶胶等粘合剂并混合,使含钨水溶液生成;并且接着通过滴加等在该溶胶中添加该含钨水溶液而得到凝胶,使该凝胶在约100℃~约140℃下干燥约8小时~约20小时,并在约500℃~约700℃的温度下烧成约3小时~约7小时,并以约0.5t~约3t的压制压力进行压制而成型。
根据本发明的实施方案的核壳催化剂只要不产生问题就不特别限定,例如可通过如下方法等公知的方法来得到:以所期望的进料量在铜沸石的乙醇等的溶液中加入上述溶胶,在核材料的表面涂覆TiCe溶胶,其后将含钨水溶液滴加至该溶液中以进行凝胶化,并同样地进行干燥、烧成、成型。
如下述详细地所说明的那样,根据本发明的实施方案的催化剂通过在Ti-Ce-W系混合物中加入P和/或S而形成复合氧化物,令人惊讶地,500℃下的NOx净化率和NH3氧化物改善(实施例1~4),另外,与以往的载持Cu的沸石(比较例2)相比,还显示了良好的结果。
特别地,在根据本发明的实施方案的催化剂中,形成以载持Cu的沸石作为核、以复合氧化物作为壳的核壳结构,而不是将上述复合氧化物与以往的载持Cu的沸石混合。由于该核壳结构,不仅在500℃下,而且令人惊讶地在250℃的低温下,相对于混合物,也能够使NOx净化率和NH3氧化率显著提高(实施例5、6,参考例1),不仅如此,与载持Cu的沸石(比较例1)相比,也能够显示非常良好的NOx净化率和NH3氧化率。
不期望受任何理论所约束,但可认为根据本发明的催化剂可显示如此优异性能的理由如下所述。
首先,在以往的载持Cu的沸石内部,经离子交换的Cu作为活性点而起作用,进行利用NH3的NOx的还原。而且,在催化剂表面,Cu易于被氧化而易于成为氧化铜的状态。在该表面,NH3与氧反应而被氧化,由此生成NOx(图1,比较例1)。作为结果,由于因氧化而消耗了用于还原NOx的NH3,因此还原剂不足而不能净化NOx。而且由于它们同时发生,因此可认为,活性在高温区域中急剧下降。
与此相对,在本发明的实施方案的催化剂中,如下述示出的详细内容那样,在作为氧化还原点的Ce、Ti、和作为高酸度元素的W的混合物中进一步添加P和/或S,并控制各自成分的量。因此,不期望受任何理论所约束,但例如可认为,由于通过将氧化还原点减少至所需的最低限度而将NH3氧化点最优化,和/或,由于通过添加NH3吸附力高且电负性高的元素P、S、W而强化了NH3的保持力等,因此在高温下使SCR活性特别地显现,并且可抑制NH3的氧化(实施例1~4,比较例2)。
而且,在根据本发明的实施方案的催化剂中,进一步形成以载持Cu的沸石作为核、以复合氧化物作为壳的核壳结构。由此,不期望受任何理论所约束,但可认为在高温下,壳的特殊的SCR活性占支配地位,另一方面,在低温下,核材料的SCR活性占支配地位,并且抑制了高温下的NH3的氧化(图1,实施例5、6),将NH3有效地利用于NOx的还原,可维持良好的NOx净化率。
而且可认为,在根据本发明的催化剂中,由于这样的机制,不仅在高温下而且在低温下,都能有效地进行NH3的氧化的抑制和NOx的还原,与以往的载持铜的沸石相比,也可取得非常优异的效果。
实施例
以下,通过实施例对本发明作进一步具体地说明,但本发明不受这些实施例所限定。
实施例等中的各测定按下述的条件和顺序进行。
(NOx净化率测定)
按下述的条件进行催化剂的活性评价:
催化活性评价装置:日立ハイテクノロジーズ社制,型号MEXA7100F
评价条件:从600℃以10℃/分连续降温至100℃
测试气体的组成:以体积比计,NH3 400ppm,NO 300ppm,H2O 5%,CO2 10%,O210%,余量N2
试样的量:5cc
每小时空速:180000h-1
(NH3氧化率测定)
从(NOx净化率测定)的数据计算出被氧化成N2O、NO、NO2的NH3的比例。在NH3消耗率中,将减去了由NOx净化所消耗的部分的NH3量的一半氧化成NOx,计算出氧化成该NOx的量和生成的N2O、NO2的合计作为NH3氧化率。
为了评价试样,如下所述地得到试样。
实施例1(Ti100Ce3W10P3复合氧化物)
在烧杯中,在200g的乙醇中添加0.0045摩尔(1.95g)的硝酸铈并使其溶解,在其中添加0.15摩尔(42.63g)的四异丙氧基钛而得到溶胶。在另外的烧杯中,在50ml的5%的草酸水溶液中加入0.015摩尔(3.92g)的仲钨酸铵并使其溶解,在其中添加0.0045摩尔(0.44g)的磷酸,制备含钨水溶液。在溶胶中滴加该含钨水溶液,生成凝胶。在将该凝胶在120℃下持续干燥12小时后,经历3小时升温至600℃,在该温度下持续烧成5小时,从而得到复合氧化物。接着,以压制压力1t对其进行压制,得到片状的测定样品。
实施例2(Ti100Ce3W10P5)
除了在实施例1中使用0.0075摩尔(0.735g)的磷酸以外,与实施例1同样地操作得到试样。
实施例3(Ti100Ce3W10S0.5)
除了在实施例1中使用0.00075摩尔(0.10g)的硫酸铵替代磷酸以外,与实施例1同样地操作得到试样。
实施例4(Ti100Ce3W10S3)
除了在实施例3中使用0.0045摩尔(0.60g)的硫酸铵以外,与实施例1同样地操作得到试样。
实施例5(95wt%的载持Cu的沸石/5wt%的Ti100Ce3W10P5-核壳)
在烧杯中,在200g的乙醇中加入21.83g的载持Cu的沸石,在搅拌的同时添加0.0003摩尔(0.13g)的硝酸铈、接着添加0.01摩尔(2.84g)的四异丙氧基钛,在载持Cu的沸石核的表面上涂覆了Ti-Ce溶胶。在另外的烧杯中的10ml的5%草酸水溶液中,使0.001摩尔(0.26g)的仲钨酸铵溶解,在其中添加0.0005摩尔(0.049g)的磷酸,制备含钨水溶液。在溶胶中滴加该含钨水溶液而得到凝胶。在将该凝胶在120℃下持续干燥12小时后,经历3小时升温至600℃,在该温度下持续烧成5小时,得到核壳粒子。以压制压力1t对其进行压制,得到宽约2~3mm×高约2~3mm×长约2~3mm的片状的试样。
予以说明,在利用TEM进行测定时,核的粒径为4μm,壳的厚度为10~20nm。
实施例6(95wt%的载持Cu的沸石/5wt%的Ti100Ce3W10S3-核壳)
除了在实施例5中使用21.11g的载持Cu的沸石(Cu含量2~4wt%)、使用0.0003摩尔(0.04g)的硫酸铵替代磷酸以外,与实施例5同样地操作得到试样。
在该情况下,核的粒径为约4μm,壳的厚度为约10~20nm。
比较例1(载持Cu的沸石)
原样地使用市售的载持Cu的沸石(Cu含量2~4wt%)。
比较例2(Ti100Ce3W10)
除了在实施例1中使用不含磷酸的含钨水溶液以外,与实施例1同样地操作得到试样。
参考例1(95wt%的载持Cu的沸石+5wt%的Ti100Ce3W10S3的混合物)
在研钵中,将9.5g的载持Cu的沸石与0.5g的实施例4中得到的Ti100Ce3W10S3复合氧化物手动混合10分钟而得到混合粉末,以压制压力1t对其进行压制,得到片状的测定试样。
关于实施例1~4、比较例1~2和参考例1的试样,评价NOx净化率、NH3氧化率。将结果示于下述表1。
【表1】
表1高温下的NOx净化率和NH3氧化率
如表1所示,证实了在Ti-Ce-W系混合物中加入P或S时,500℃下的NOx净化率从75%(比较例2)提高至84~90%(实施例1~4),并且即使与以往的载持Cu的沸石的80%(比较例1)相比,实施例1~4的试样也显示优异的NOx净化率。
接着,使用比较例1的试样与得到了上述那样良好结果的实施例4的试样的粉末混合物即参考例1,以及对于比较例1的试样的核、分别具有得到了上述那样良好结果的实施例2、实施例4的试样的壳的实施例5、6来进行研究。
如表1所示,500℃下的NOx净化率和NH3氧化率分别为75%、10%(参考例1、图2)。将它们分别与以往的载持Cu的沸石的80%、11%(比较例1)比较时,NOx净化率反倒下降。由该结果证实了,即使将复合氧化物和载持Cu的沸石形成简单的混合物,在净化率、氧化率的提高方面也不那么有效果。
与此相对,在将5wt%的复合氧化物作为壳而被覆于载持Cu的沸石的核的情况下,令人惊讶地,500℃下的NOx净化率和NH3氧化率分别显著地改善为87%~90%、5%~4%(实施例5、6,图2)。不仅如此,250℃下的NOx净化率分别为88%、88%(实施例5、6,图2),这些值高于混合物的82%(参考例1),并且是不劣于以往的载持Cu的沸石的88%(比较例1)的良好的值。
由上述结果显示,在将P或S添加到Ti-W-Ce系催化剂中时,Ti-W-Ce系催化剂保持为良好的状态,并且通过与载持Cu的沸石形成核壳结构,可得到良好的结果。
产业上的利用可能性
如上所述,根据本发明的废气净化催化剂即使在250℃的低温下、500℃的高温下等,也具有NOx净化率高且NH3氧化率低的良好性能。因此,根据本发明的还原催化剂的用途可在广泛领域中用于各种用途,而不限于废气净化催化剂。
Claims (6)
1.NOx选择还原催化剂,其包含Ti、Ce、W、和P或S的复合氧化物,为包含核部和壳部的核壳型的催化剂,该核部包含沸石及Cu,该壳部包含该复合氧化物。
2.权利要求1所述的NOx选择还原催化剂,其中以100wt%的核部与壳部的合计为基准,所述核部的比例为90wt%~99.5wt%。
3.权利要求1或2所述的NOx选择还原催化剂,相对于100摩尔%的所述Ti,所述P的摩尔%为3摩尔%以上5摩尔%以下。
4.权利要求1或2所述的NOx选择还原催化剂,相对于100摩尔%的所述Ti,所述S的摩尔%为0.5摩尔%以上3摩尔%以下。
5.权利要求3所述的NOx选择还原催化剂,相对于100摩尔%的所述Ti,所述Ce的摩尔%为0.5摩尔%以上10摩尔%以下,且所述W的摩尔%为8摩尔%以上20摩尔%以下。
6.权利要求4所述的NOx选择还原催化剂,相对于100摩尔%的所述Ti,所述Ce的摩尔%为0.5摩尔%以上10摩尔%以下,且所述W的摩尔%为8摩尔%以上20摩尔%以下。
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US9789474B2 (en) | 2017-10-17 |
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