CN106036339A - 高含玉竹多糖和花青素的复合冲剂 - Google Patents
高含玉竹多糖和花青素的复合冲剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供高含玉竹多糖和花青素的复合冲剂产品，由其中各原料成份以以下重量份组成：玉竹料液40～80份、桑椹色素25～35份、木糖醇5～10份、紫花地丁酶解液5～10份、羧甲基纤维素钠0.2～0.5份，搅拌混合均匀后再喷雾干燥获得。通过对玉竹进行酶解和发酵处理，有效提高了复合保健冲剂中多糖含量，又掩盖了玉竹本身的气味，增加了复合保健冲剂的抗氧化功能。将桑椹和蓝莓色素提取再直接添加入饮料中，有效的防止在发酵过程中，乳酸菌和酵母菌对桑椹色素和蓝莓色素的破坏，最大程度保留蓝莓色素抗氧化作用。同时，有效提高了成品饮料的天然花青素含量，最大程度的保留了蓝莓和桑椹本身所具有的天然保健功效。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工的技术领域，涉及一种高含玉竹多糖和花青素的复合冲剂产品，更具体地说涉及一种利用玉竹、紫花地丁、桑椹果和蓝莓鲜果进行发酵加工生产保健复合冲剂产品。
背景技术
玉竹为药食两用药材，具养阴、润燥、清热、生津、止咳等功效，用作滋补药品，主治热病伤阴、虚热燥咳、心脏病、糖尿病、结核病等症，并可作高级滋补食品、佳肴和饮料，具有保健作用，玉竹根状茎含有大量玉竹粘多糖，由D-果糖，D-甘露糖，D-葡萄糖及半乳糖醛酸所组成，摩尔比为6：3：1：1.5；玉竹果聚糖A、B、C、D，氮杂环丁烷-2-羧酸。还含黄精螺甾醇Poa，黄精螺甾醇甙Pob、Poc、PO1、PO2、PO3、PO4、PO5，黄精呋甾醇甙，黄精呋甾醇甙Poc、Pod、PO6、PO7、PO8及PO9等甾族化合物。
紫花地丁为药食两用药材，含有大量胶质，具有味苦、辛、寒。归心、肺经，具有清热解毒，凉血消肿，清热利湿的作用，每100g干物质中含有蛋白质29.27g，含可溶性糖2.38g，氨基酸33.95mg及多种维生素。每1g干紫花地丁中含铁354.8μg、锰30.3μg、铜22.2μg、锌55.8μg、钡11.3μg、锶87.3μg、铬69.0μg、钼60.0μg、钴9.7μg、钙3.9μg。将紫花地丁的幼苗或嫩茎采下，用沸水焯一下，换清水浸泡3～5min炒食、做汤、和面蒸食或煮菜粥均可。
蓝莓又名蓝浆果，属杜鹃花科越橘属植物，果实呈蓝色，除含丰富营养物质外，还有花色素苷等可预防脑神经衰弱、增强心脏功能、明目及抗癌等独特活性物质，因此被国际粮农组织列为人类五大健康食物之一。目前我国东北、华东、华中、华南地区开始大规模种植适宜的蓝莓品种，蓝莓果实色多为乳白色或粉红色，坛状或倒钟形，花期可持续一个月以上。蓝莓果实中的花青素可以促进视网膜细胞中的视紫质再生，预防近视，增进视力。蓝莓果实能起到调节血糖的作用，使患者血管扩张，从而降低血压，保护心脏、肾脏，防止糖尿病并发症。蓝莓果实含有大量生理活性物质，被称为果蔬中“第一号抗氧化剂”，蓝莓果实能保护细胞，避免受过氧化物的破坏，蓝莓果实具有防止功能失调、改善短期记忆、提高老年人的平衡性和协调性等作用。蓝莓果实中的花青素能清除体内有害的自由基、防止皮肤皱纹的提早生成，减少皮肤病和波纹，蓝莓果实的花青素甚至消除疤痕、祛除色斑、美白肌肤，并且使皮肤长期光滑，富有弹性。蓝莓果实还可以延缓脑神经衰老、提高记忆力的功效、加固血管、改善循环、改善睡眠、延缓记忆力衰退、预防心脏病、预防癌症。
桑椹，又名桑椹子、桑蔗、桑枣、桑果、乌椹等，为桑科植物桑的果穗。桑椹嫩时色青，味酸，老熟时色紫黑，多汁，味甜。成熟的桑椹果营养丰富，每100克桑椹含水分81.8克，蛋白质1.8克，脂肪0.3克。纤维素4.9克，碳水化合物10克，灰分1.2克，胡萝卜素30微克，硫胺素0.02毫克、核黄素0.06毫克，维生素E6.95毫克，钾33毫克，锌0.27毫克，铜0.08毫克，硒4.8微克。此外，还含有鞣酸，苹果酸，维生素C和脂肪酸等。其脂肪主要为亚油酸、油酸、软脂酸、硬脂酸和少量辛酸、壬酸、癸酸、肉豆蔻酸、亚麻酸等。中医学认为桑椹补益肝肾，滋阴养血，息风，具有主治心悸失眠、头晕目眩、耳鸣、便秘盗汗、瘰疬、关节不利等病症。
桑葚有改善皮肤(包括头皮)血液供应，营养肌肤，使皮肤白嫩及乌发等作用，并能延缓衰老。桑葚是中老年人健体美颜、抗衰老的佳果与良药。常食桑椹可以明目，缓解眼睛疲劳干涩的症状。桑葚具有免疫促进作用。桑葚对脾脏有增重作用，对溶血性反应有增强作用，可防止人体动脉硬化、骨骼关节硬化，促进新陈代谢。它可以促进血红细胞的生长，防止白细胞减少，并对治疗糖尿病、贫血、高血压、高血脂、冠心病、神经衰弱等病症具有辅助功效。桑椹具有生津止渴、促进消化、帮助排便等作用，适量食用能促进胃液分泌，刺激肠蠕动及解除燥热。祖国医学认为，桑葚性味甘寒，具有补肝益肾、生津润肠、乌发明目等功效。为此，我们以玉竹、蓝莓为主要原料，按一定配方、加工工艺进行加工，防止色泽褐变和沉淀问题，保证产品的抗氧化作用，再对其混合物进行调制，得到大规模制备口感良好、营养丰富的酒饮料。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是要提供一种方法简单、成本低、具有抗氧化功能、便于工业化生产，所得产品含有天然的桑椹和蓝莓色素、口感好、营养丰富的复合饮料制备方法。
因此，本发明的第一个目的是提供高含玉竹多糖和花青素的复合冲剂产品，由其中各原料成份以以下重量份组成：玉竹料液40～80份、桑椹色素25～35份、木糖醇5～10份、紫花地丁酶解液5～10份、羧甲基纤维素钠0.2～0.5份，搅拌混合均匀后再喷雾干燥获得。
上述所述高含玉竹多糖和花青素的复合冲剂产品的制备方法，步骤包括：
a、将玉竹粉碎后与桑椹果渣混合，加入等重量水后，再加入果胶酶进行搅拌均匀，调pH为2～5，酶解2～5h，放入发酵罐中，得到酶解液。
b、向酶解液中加入3～8％蔗糖、适量的酵母菌粉和2～4％乳酸菌粉，搅拌均匀后密封进行厌氧发酵，得到发酵液。
c、将发酵液用纱布过滤后，再经微孔过滤器进行过滤，得玉竹料液。
d、将紫花地丁粉碎加入等重量水后，再加入果胶酶进行搅拌均匀，调pH为2～5，室温下酶解2～5h，85℃～90℃保温20～40min，用纱布过滤后，再经微孔过滤器进行过滤，得到紫花地丁酶解液。
e、将玉竹料液、桑椹色素、紫花地丁酶解液、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)按一定比例混合均匀，得到玉竹复合溶液。
f、将玉竹复合溶液进行喷雾干燥，进风温度为165℃～185℃，出风温度为65℃～85℃；进样泵的转速450～700转/分，进样压力范围在1～2MPa，得玉竹保健复合冲剂产品，常温下贮藏。
上述a步骤中所述玉竹粉与桑椹果渣的重量比为1kg：1～3kg。
上述a步骤中所述果胶酶使用量为100～500g/100kg桑椹果渣，在室温下酶解2～5h，其中1g果胶酶活力要求在3000IU以上，可以从市场采购买获得。
上述步骤中所述％是指固体质量kg与溶液体积L比。
上述b步骤中所述加入适量酵母是指酵母粉的重量kg为酶解液体积L的2～5％；发酵条件为发酵温度为28～30℃，发酵时间为4～20天。
上述c和d步骤中所述纱布过滤是指2～3层纱布过滤，微孔过滤器的过滤孔径为0.6～1.0μm。
上述d步骤中所述果胶酶使用量为100～500g/100kg紫花地丁。
上述酵母菌粉都可以直接购买获得，也可以通过常规酵母菌培养方法获得菌粉。
上述乳酸菌粉都可以直接购买获得，也可以通过常规乳酸菌培养方法获得菌粉。
本发明的第二个目的是提供上述桑椹色素和桑椹果渣的制备方法，其具体步骤如下：
(1)挑选桑椹果和蓝莓鲜果，去杂洗净后，用捣碎机进行破碎，得桑椹果浆，再加入一定量的乙醇水溶液，用0.1mol/L盐酸调节pH值至3.5～5.5，室温搅拌浸提20h～36h，过滤，重复二次，合并滤液，桑椹果渣备用。
(2)滤液进行在50℃以下减压浓缩至原有体积的1/20～1/40，上LSA-20大孔树脂吸附，用8BV～16BV的45～75％乙醇水溶液进行梯度洗脱，收集得洗脱液。
(3)洗脱液在50℃以下减压浓缩至干，得到桑椹色素。
上述(1)步骤中所述桑椹果和蓝莓鲜果的比例为5:2～5。
上述步骤(1)中所述加入乙醇水溶液的体积L与蓝莓果浆的质量kg比为3～6:1；其中乙醇水溶液是指50～70％乙醇水溶液。
上述50％乙醇水溶液的配制方法为：50mL乙醇加入50mL水后混合而成。
上述步骤(1)中所述过滤是指2～3层纱布过滤。
上述步骤(2)中所述BV是指柱体积。
上述步骤(2)中所述60％乙醇溶液是指60mL乙醇加入40mL水后混合而成。
技术效果：
1、通过对玉竹进行酶解和发酵处理，有效提高了复合保健冲剂中多糖含量，又掩盖了玉竹本身的气味，增加了复合保健冲剂的抗氧化功能。
2、将桑椹和蓝莓色素提取再直接添加入饮料中，有效的防止在发酵过程中，乳酸菌和酵母菌对桑椹色素和蓝莓色素的破坏，最大程度保留蓝莓色素抗氧化作用。同时，有效提高了成品饮料的天然花青素含量，最大程度的保留了蓝莓和桑椹本身所具有的天然保健功效。
3、利用提取色素后的果渣经乳酸菌和酵母菌发酵，利用产生乳酸的特点，能有效地延长桑椹色素和蓝莓色素保存时间，也有利于改善该保健冲剂的口感。
4、该保健饮料既利用了蓝莓色素改善视力和抗氧化能力，又充分利用桑椹中降糖类物质，使之更能适合于糖尿病人饮用。
具体实施方式
下面，本发明将用实施例进行进一步的说明，但是它并不限于这些实施例的任一个或类似实例。
实施例一
挑选无腐烂的250kg桑椹果和200kg蓝莓鲜果原料洗净，将其捣碎，打浆，得到桑椹果浆。取250kg桑椹果浆，加入60％乙醇水溶液300L，用0.1mol/L盐酸调节pH值至4，室温搅拌浸提24h，2层纱布过滤，重复二次，合并滤液，滤渣备用，所得的滤液在50℃以下减压浓缩至原有体积的1/30，上LSA-20大孔树脂吸附，用12BV的45～75％乙醇水溶液进行梯度洗脱，收集得洗脱液，洗脱液在50℃以下减压浓缩至干，得到桑椹色素。
实施例二
取实施例一中所得桑椹果渣150kg，加入玉竹粉100kg和水250kg，再加入果胶酶250g，搅拌均匀，调pH为3.5，室温酶解4h后，放入发酵罐中，得到约400L酶解液。在酶解液中加入20kg白砂糖、10kg酵母粉和10kg乳酸菌，搅拌均匀后密封，进行厌氧发酵，控制发酵温度为28～30℃，发酵时间为4天，得到发酵液。用3层纱布将发酵液过滤，然后用孔径为0.8μm的微孔过滤器进行过滤，即为玉竹料液。取100kg紫花地丁粉碎加入100kg水后，再加入250g果胶酶进行搅拌均匀，调pH为4.5，酶解3h，85℃保温30min，用3层纱布过滤后，再经0.8μm微孔过滤器进行过滤，得到紫花地丁酶解液。将12kg玉竹料液、1.2kg木糖醇、1kg紫花地丁酶解液、6kg桑椹色素(实施例一中所得)、60gCMC，混合均匀，得到玉竹复合溶液，直接进行喷雾干燥，进风温度为165℃～185℃，出风温度为65℃～85℃；进样泵的转速450～700转/分，进样压力范围在1～2MPa，得复合冲剂，常温下贮藏，采用蒽酮-浓硫酸法测定玉竹多糖含量。
实施例三
取实施例一中所得桑椹果渣250kg，加入玉竹粉100kg和水350kg，再加入果胶酶500g，搅拌均匀，调pH为3.5，室温酶解4h后，放入发酵罐中，得到约600L酶解液。在酶解液中加入25kg白砂糖、15kg酵母粉和12kg乳酸菌，搅拌均匀后密封，进行厌氧发酵，控制发酵温度为28～30℃，发酵时间为5天，得到发酵液。用3层纱布将发酵液过滤，然后用孔径为0.6～1.0μm的微孔过滤器进行过滤，即为玉竹料液。取100kg紫花地丁粉碎加入100kg水后，再加入350g果胶酶进行搅拌均匀，调pH为4.5，酶解3h，90℃保温20min，用3层纱布过滤后，再经0.8μm微孔过滤器进行过滤，得到紫花地丁酶解液。将15kg玉竹料液、1.3kg紫花地丁酶解液、1.2kg木糖醇、8.5kg桑椹色素(实施例一中所得)、60gCMC，混合均匀，得到玉竹复合溶液，直接进行喷雾干燥，进风温度为165℃～185℃，出风温度为65℃～85℃；进样泵的转速450～700转/分，进样压力范围在1～2MPa，得复合冲剂，常温下贮藏。
对照实施例一
挑选无腐烂的150kg桑椹果和100kg蓝莓鲜果原料洗净，将其捣碎，打浆，得到桑椹果浆，加入玉竹粉100kg和水250kg，再加入果胶酶250g，搅拌均匀，调pH为3.5，室温酶解4h后，放入发酵罐中，得到400L酶解液；在酶解液中加入20kg白砂糖、10kg酵母粉和10kg乳酸菌，搅拌均匀后密封，进行厌氧发酵，控制发酵温度为28～30℃，发酵时间为4天，得到发酵液。用3层纱布将发酵液过滤，然后用孔径为0.6～1.0μm的微孔过滤器进行过滤，即为玉竹料液。将12kg玉竹料液、1kg木糖醇、60gCMC，混合均匀，得到玉竹复合溶液，直接进行喷雾干燥，进风温度为165℃～185℃，出风温度为65℃～85℃；进样泵的转速450～700转/分，进样压力范围在1～2MPa，得复合冲剂，常温下贮藏。
对照实施例二
挑选无腐烂的150kg桑椹果和100kg蓝莓鲜果原料洗净，将其捣碎，打浆，得到蓝莓果浆。取玉竹粉100kg和100kg紫花地丁粉，再加入水250kg，再加入果胶酶250g，搅拌均匀，调pH为3.5，室温酶解4h后，放入发酵罐中，得到酶解液。向酶解液中加入20kg白砂糖、20kg酵母粉和10kg乳酸菌，搅拌均匀后密封，进行厌氧发酵，控制发酵温度为28～30℃，发酵时间为4天，得到发酵液，再加入蓝莓果浆，用3层纱布将发酵液过滤，然后用孔径为0.6～1.0μm的微孔过滤器进行过滤，即为玉竹料液。将12kg玉竹料液、1kg木糖醇、60gCMC，混合均匀，得到玉竹复合溶液，直接进行喷雾干燥，进风温度为165℃～185℃，出风温度为65℃～85℃；进样泵的转速450～700转/分，进样压力范围在1～2MPa，得复合冲剂，常温下贮藏。
附：各种产品的抗氧化作用对比
精密称取DPPH8.0mg，用无水乙醇溶解并定容至200mL棕色容量瓶中，得浓度为0.004％的DPPH溶液，避光保存，备用。将各种样品5g室温放置一段时间后，采用DPPH试剂进行抗氧化作用的测定见表1。
表1 各种复合冲剂产品对DPPH抗氧化作用
附：DPPH法测定抗氧化的具体方法：分别取不同尝试的各样品溶液(0.24，0.48，0.72，0.96，1.20mg/mL)1.0mL，置10mL离心管中，加入3.0mL的DPPH溶液，室温避光反应30min，同时以无水乙醇为空白，于517nm波长处测定吸光值。按下列公式计算DPPH自由清除率。
DPPH自由清除率(％)＝A0-(AS-Ac)/A0×100％
公式中，A0—1.0mL蒸馏水+3.0mLDPPH溶液的吸光度值
AS—1.0mL样品溶液+3.0mLDPPH溶液的吸光度值
Ac—1.0mL样品溶液+3.0mL无水乙醇的吸光度值
将实验重复三次，求得清除率的平均值日。
表2各种复合冲剂产品多糖含量表
| 产品 | 多糖含量/100g产品 |
| 实施例二 | 23.78g |
| 实施例三 | 26.69g |
| 对照实施例一 | 15.64g |
| 对照实施例二 | 12.24g |
Claims (10)
1.本发明提供一种高含玉竹多糖和花青素的复合冲剂产品，由其中各原料成份以以下重量份组成：玉竹料液40～80份、桑椹色素25～35份、木糖醇5～10份、紫花地丁酶解液5～10份、羧甲基纤维素钠0.2～0.5份，搅拌混合均匀后再喷雾干燥获得。
2.权利要求1的方法，其中所述高含玉竹多糖和花青素的复合冲剂产品，步骤包括：
a、将玉竹粉碎后与桑椹果渣混合，加入等重量水后，再加入果胶酶进行搅拌均匀，调pH为2～5，酶解2～5h，放入发酵罐中，得到酶解液。
b、向酶解液中加入3～8％蔗糖、适量的酵母菌粉和2～4％乳酸菌粉，搅拌均匀后密封进行厌氧发酵，得到发酵液。
c、将发酵液用纱布过滤后，再经微孔过滤器进行过滤，得玉竹料液。
d、将紫花地丁粉碎加入等重量水后，再加入果胶酶进行搅拌均匀，调pH为2～5，室温下酶解2～5h，85℃～90℃保温20～40min，用纱布过滤后，再经微孔过滤器进行过滤，得到紫花地丁酶解液。
e、将玉竹料液、桑椹色素、紫花地丁酶解液、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)按一定比例混合均匀，得到玉竹复合溶液。
f、将玉竹复合溶液进行喷雾干燥，进风温度为165℃～185℃，出风温度为65℃～85℃；进样泵的转速450～700转/分，进样压力范围在1～2MPa，得玉竹保健复合冲剂产品，常温下贮藏。
3.权利要求1的方法，其中a步骤中所述玉竹粉与桑椹果渣的重量比为1kg：1～3kg。
4.权利要求1的方法，其中a步骤中所述果胶酶使用量为100～500g/100kg桑椹果渣。
5.权利要求1的方法，其中b步骤中所述加入适量酵母是指酵母粉的重量kg为酶解液体积L的2～5％；发酵条件为发酵温度为28～30℃，发酵时间为4～20天。
6.权利要求1的方法，其中c和d步骤中所述纱布过滤是指2～3层纱布过滤，微孔过滤器的过滤孔径为0.6～1.0μm。
7.权利要求1的方法，其中d步骤中所述果胶酶使用量为100～500g/100kg紫花地丁。
8.权利要求1～7的方法，其中所述桑椹色素和桑椹果渣的制备方法，其具体步骤如下：
(1)挑选桑椹果和蓝莓鲜果，去杂洗净后，用捣碎机进行破碎，得桑椹果浆，再加入一定量的乙醇水溶液，用0.1mol/L盐酸调节pH值至3.5～5.5，室温搅拌浸提20h～36h，过滤，重复二次，合并滤液，桑椹果渣备用。
(2)滤液进行在50℃以下减压浓缩至原有体积的1/20～1/40，上LSA-20大孔树脂吸附，用8BV～16BV的45～75％乙醇水溶液进行梯度洗脱，收集得洗脱液。
(3)洗脱液在50℃以下减压浓缩至干，得到桑椹色素。
9.权利要求8的方法，其中(1)步骤中所述桑椹果和蓝莓鲜果的比例为5:2～5。
10.权利要求8的方法，其中步骤(1)中所述加入乙醇水溶液的体积L与蓝莓果浆的质量kg比为 3～6:1；其中乙醇水溶液是指50～70％乙醇水溶液。
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