CN106007544A - 一种抑菌建筑混凝土制作工艺 - Google Patents
一种抑菌建筑混凝土制作工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
- C04B20/1003—Non-compositional aspects of the coating or impregnation
- C04B20/1014—Coating or impregnating materials characterised by the shape, e.g. fibrous materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
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- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
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- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/2092—Resistance against biological degradation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
一种抑菌建筑混凝土制作工艺，其特征在于，将以下重量份的材料：水泥6‑10份，硅灰0.2‑0.5份，砂10‑15份，碎石15‑20份，水1‑2份，抗菌液0.02‑0.05份混合，0.01‑0.02份镀铜钢纤维搅拌均匀后，加入减水剂0.01‑0.05份再次搅拌均匀制成。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑材料的技术领域，具体涉及一种抑菌建筑混凝土制作工艺。
背景技术
混凝土是现阶段基础建设中最为常 用的一种建筑基础构件之一，具有承载力高，施工快捷方便，环境污染小，成型质量可靠，综合技术经济效益好等特点，在全国各省市 得到很大范围的推广使用。在生产过程中，通常将水泥、矿物掺合料 和砂石混合搅拌而制得。
前现有技术的混凝土对于抵抗硫酸盐，酸碱性物质等的技术已经相当成熟，然而，对于一些例如厌氧菌等细菌性的侵蚀还没有抵抗措施，常常造成混凝土本体发霉等，不但容易造成外观泛绿，产生异味，还会影响混凝土的性能，并有可能对内部的钢筋等造成侵蚀。
抗菌材料是指自身具有杀灭或抑制微生物功能的一类新型功能材料。在医疗领域、家庭用品、家用电器、食品包装等领域有极其广阔的应用前景，在人们对环境卫生要求日益提高的今天，抗菌材料的应用受到更加广泛的关注。如果将抗菌材料渗入到混凝土中以求得更好的防侵蚀效果，会对其性能提高具有较好作用。
发明内容
为解决以上问题，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种抑菌建筑混凝土制作工艺，其特征在于，将以下重量份的材料：水泥6-10份，硅灰0.2-0.5份，砂10-15份，碎石15-20份，水1-2份，抗菌液0.02-0.05份混合，0.01-0.02份镀铜钢纤维搅拌均匀后，加入减水剂0.01-0.05份再次搅拌均匀制成。
优选的，所述减水剂为聚羧酸减水剂。
优选的，所述水泥为P.I52.5水泥，比表面积为3500～3800cm2/g，铝酸三钙（C3A）的质量百分含量小于等于6%，28天胶砂强度大于等于57MPa。
优选的，所述材料中还具有0.000.1-0.0002份的抗菌填料。
本申请的抗菌液的制备方法如下：
第一步，分别配制质量百分比浓度为5-10%的甲基纤维素水溶液和质量百分比浓度为8-11％的硫酸铜溶液，备用；
第二步，在微波震荡或者高速搅拌下，向上述铜盐溶液中，缓慢加入壳聚糖，并保持微波震荡或者高速搅拌30-120min，得到混合溶液A； 其中，壳聚糖在混合溶液A中的质量分数为7-10％；
第三步，在超声波震荡或者高速搅拌下，按体积比7︰4~5︰9的比例，将上述混合溶液A缓慢加入到上述甲基纤维素水溶液中；
然后，在40℃下，按与铜离子的摩尔比为1︰1.2的比例，加入抗坏血酸反应30~45min，然后加入质量分数为2-3%果胶、5-8%海藻酸钠得到混合液，然后将所得液体负压除泡、静置，再陈化36h，得到抗菌液；
本申请的抗菌填料制备方法如下
1)将质量比为1∶1～50的聚乳酸和热塑性聚合物溶解于有机溶剂中形成纺丝溶液；
2)将聚乳酸热塑性聚合物纺丝溶液置入静电纺丝机注射器中，在8～30kV电压下，于接收电极上得到聚乳酸聚合物复合纤维膜；
3)在50～100℃的真空条件下去除有机溶剂，得聚乳酸聚合物复合纤维膜；
用制得的聚乳酸聚合物复合纤维膜过滤上述抗菌液，每平方厘米过滤量为3-9ml，底部采用抽滤机进行室温下抽滤，抽滤机以1-2分米/分钟的速度进行往复运动，过滤时间为1-2小时，过滤完成后通过160～180℃烘道，保留时间15分钟，出烘道经冷却后粉碎为片径不大于1厘米的碎片。
本发明提供的制备方法中的热塑性聚合物为聚醚酮酮、聚醚醚酮、聚醚酰亚胺、聚砜、聚醚砜、酚酞改性聚醚砜、聚苯硫醚、聚苯醚或聚酰胺。
本发明提供的制备方法中的有机溶剂为四氢呋喃、二氯乙烷、四氯乙烷、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、N，N-二甲基甲酰胺、N，N-二甲基乙酰胺或N，N-二甲基吡咯烷酮。
本发明提供的制备方法中的接收电极与发射电极间的距离为8～23cm。
本发明提供的制备方法中静电纺丝机制得的聚乳酸聚合物复合纤维的直径为 10～50nm。
本发明提供的制备方法中制得的聚乳酸聚合物复合纤维膜的厚度为5～50μm，宽度为5～40cm。
与最接近的现有技术比，本发明提供的技术方案具有以下有益效果： 本发明的抑菌建筑混凝土制作工艺因为添加了抗菌液成分，能够有效避免细菌的侵蚀，避免混凝土变色，发霉，结构强度不会受到影响。并且，就抗菌填料和抗菌液而言，本发明提供的聚乳酸聚合物复合纤维膜因其具有多孔结构，利于聚氨酯加热时在层间的流动，提高材料内部结构的均匀性；聚乳酸聚合物复合纤维膜因其具有多孔结构保证了材料的透气性优异；以甲基纤维素为连续相，掺杂沉积纳米氧化亚铜，制备出生物相容性好、 透气性好、抗菌性能优异的复合抗菌膜医用材料。产品的透气性、吸水性好，，具有快速抗菌，和耐久抗菌性能好。工艺流程短、工艺控制简便，生产成本低廉。
具体实施方式
一种抑菌建筑混凝土制作工艺，其特征在于，将以下重量份的材料：水泥6-10份，硅灰0.2-0.5份，砂10-15份，碎石15-20份，水1-2份，抗菌液0.02-0.05份混合，0.01-0.02份镀铜钢纤维搅拌均匀后，加入减水剂0.01-0.05份再次搅拌均匀制成，所述材料中还具有0.000.1-0.0002份的抗菌填料。
就抗菌填料和抗菌液而言，其实施例如下：
实施例1
步骤1.抗菌液的制备
第一步，分别配制质量百分比浓度为5%的甲基纤维素水溶液和质量百分比浓度为8％的硫酸铜溶液，备用；
第二步，在微波震荡或者高速搅拌下，向上述铜盐溶液中，缓慢加入壳聚糖，并保持微 波震荡或者高速搅拌30-120min，得到混合溶液A； 其中，壳聚糖在混合溶液A中的质量分数为10％；
第三步，在超声波震荡或者高速搅拌下，按体积比7︰4的比例，将上述混合溶液A缓慢加入到上述甲基纤维素水溶液中；
然后，在40℃下，按与铜离子的摩尔比为1︰1.2的比例，加入抗坏血酸反应45min，然后加入质量分数为2-3%果胶、5-8%海藻酸钠得到混合液，然后将所得凝胶负压除泡、静置，再陈化36h，得到抗菌液；
步骤2.抗菌基材的制备
1)将质量比为1∶1～50的聚乳酸和聚酰胺溶解于有机溶剂中形成纺丝溶液；
2)将聚乳酸热塑性聚合物纺丝溶液置入静电纺丝机注射器中，在8～30kV电压下，于接收电极上得到聚乳酸聚合物复合纤维膜；
3)在50～100℃的真空条件下去除有机溶剂，得聚乳酸聚合物复合纤维膜；
步骤3.抗菌填料成型
用步骤2制得的聚乳酸聚合物复合纤维膜过滤步骤1的抗菌液，每平方厘米过滤量为3-9ml，底部采用抽滤机进行抽滤，抽滤机以1-2分米/分钟的速度进行往复运动，过滤时间为1-2小时，过滤完成后附着有聚氨酯树脂的复合纤维膜通过160℃烘道，保留时间15分钟，出烘道经冷却后粉碎至片径不超过1厘米的碎片。
实施例2
步骤1.抗菌液的制备
第一步，分别配制质量百分比浓度为10%的甲基纤维素水溶液和质量百分比浓度为11％的硫酸铜溶液，备用；
第二步，在微波震荡或者高速搅拌下，向上述铜盐溶液中，缓慢加入壳聚糖，并保持微 波震荡或者高速搅拌120min，得到混合溶液A； 其中，壳聚糖在混合溶液A中的质量分数为10％；
第三步，在超声波震荡或者高速搅拌下，按体积比7︰4的比例，将上述混合溶液A缓慢加入到上述甲基纤维素水溶液中；
然后，在40℃下，按与铜离子的摩尔比为1︰1.2的比例，加入抗坏血酸反应45min，然后加入质量分数为2-3%果胶、5-8%海藻酸钠得到混合液，然后将所得凝胶负压除泡、静置，再陈化36h，得到抗菌液；
步骤2.抗菌基材的制备
1)将质量比为1∶1～50的聚乳酸和聚砜溶解于四氢呋喃中形成纺丝溶液；
2)将聚乳酸热塑性聚合物纺丝溶液置入静电纺丝机注射器中，在8～30kV电压下，于接收电极上得到聚乳酸聚合物复合纤维膜；
3)在50～100℃的真空条件下去除有机溶剂，得聚乳酸聚合物复合纤维膜；
步骤3.防腐带成型
用步骤2制得的聚乳酸聚合物复合纤维膜过滤步骤1的抗菌液，每平方厘米过滤量为3-9ml，底部采用抽滤机进行抽滤，抽滤机以1-2分米/分钟的速度进行往复运动，过滤时间为1-2小时，过滤完成后通过130℃烘道，保留时间15分钟，出烘道经冷却后粉碎至片径不超过1厘米的碎片。
比较例1
步骤2基布采用聚酯超细纤维膜，其他步骤同实施例1。
比较例2
步骤1中抗菌液由壳聚糖5～9份、噻菌灵0.1～1份、聚乙二醇0.1～3份、甲基乙内酰脲类化合物0.1～2份、过氧乙酸2～5份组成。其他步骤同实施例2。
对具体实施例进行性能测试，采用本领域常规测试方法，测试结果如表1所示，实验表明本发明的抗菌材料能在保持良好透气性的情况下，实现快速发挥抗菌效果以及良好的抗菌耐久性。
表1 抗菌填料透气性能
| 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 比较例1 | 比较例2 | |
| 透气性（dm3/min） | 2.8 | 2.7 | 0.95 | 0.8 |
表2 抗菌材料的未洗涤（模拟未经雨淋）抗菌率
注：抗菌率“***”：≥99%，“**”：≥90%，“*”≥50%，“—”： <50%
表3 经50次水冲洗（模拟雨淋效果）后抗菌材料的抗菌率
Claims (4)
1.一种抑菌建筑混凝土制作工艺，其特征在于，将以下重量份的材料：水泥6-10份，硅灰0.2-0.5份，砂10-15份，碎石15-20份，水1-2份，抗菌液0.02-0.05份混合，0.01-0.02份镀铜钢纤维搅拌均匀后，加入减水剂0.01-0.05份再次搅拌均匀制成。
2.如权利要求1所述的抑菌建筑混凝土制作工艺，其特征在于：所述减水剂为聚羧酸减水剂。
3.如权利要求1所述的抑菌建筑混凝土制作工艺，其特征在于：所述水泥为P.I52.5水泥，比表面积为3500～3800cm2/g，铝酸三钙（C3A）的质量百分含量小于等于6%，28天胶砂强度大于等于57MPa。
4.如权利要求1所述的抑菌建筑混凝土制作工艺，其特征在于：所述材料中还具有0.000.1-0.0002份的抗菌填料。
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| CN111825371A (zh) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-10-27 | 东莞市冠峰混凝土有限公司 | 一种用于高强高性能混凝土抗菌外加剂及其制备方法 |
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| CN111517699A (zh) * | 2020-04-14 | 2020-08-11 | 广东盖特奇新材料科技有限公司 | 一种公共卫生环境用自杀菌复合纤维材料及其制备方法 |
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