CN105994082A - Large-scale establishment method of half-sib family of portunus trituberculatus - Google Patents
Large-scale establishment method of half-sib family of portunus trituberculatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN105994082A CN105994082A CN201610523920.0A CN201610523920A CN105994082A CN 105994082 A CN105994082 A CN 105994082A CN 201610523920 A CN201610523920 A CN 201610523920A CN 105994082 A CN105994082 A CN 105994082A
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- eriocheir sinensis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large-scale establishment method of a half-sib family of portunus trituberculatus, and belongs to the technical field of the breeding of the portunus trituberculatus. The large-scale establishment method of the half-sib family of the portunus trituberculatus comprises the nutrient strengthening cultivation of a core breeding colony, the manual regulation and control of individual mating and the large-scale establishment of the half-sib family. The large-scale establishment method of the half-sib family of the portunus trituberculatus is applicable to the large-scale establishment of the half-sib family of the portunus trituberculatus; through the strengthening cultivation before the copulation of parent portunus trituberculatus and reasonable matching during different growth periods, the problems that male and female parents cannot be identified due to natural copulation and massacres are caused as masculine portunus trituberculatus fights for spouses are avoided; compared with an indoor manually controlled directional mating method of the portunus trituberculatus, the survival rate and the construction efficiency of the half-sib family during an indoor culturing period are improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to portunus trytuberculatus breeding technical field, more particularly to a kind of portunus trytuberculatus half sib
Family scale method for building up.
Background technology
Portunus trytuberculatus (Portunustrituberculatus) is a kind of important marine economic animal, at present the whole nation
Cultured area 500,000 mu, yield reaches 100,000 tons, it has also become one of kind is dominated in China's sea farming.In recent years
Coming, along with the continuous expansion of swimming crab cultivation scale, various diseases also begin to come one after another, and big rule occur
The trend that mould occurs and fulminant is popular, causes heavy losses to the development of industry and regional economy.Selection-breeding has
Have fast growth, the new varieties of high-output stress-resistance have become the key that portunus trytuberculatus aquaculture develops in a healthy way.
Genetic parameter estimation is an element task of aquatic animal selection and use, is mainly used to estimated breeding value, system
Surely select index, it was predicted that selective response, compare system of selection and carry out Breeding program.And genetic parameter is all
Family half sibs to be passed through accurately is estimated, and family half sibs quantity is the most, the standard of genetic parameter estimation
Really property is the highest.Visible family half sibs scale structure is a groundwork of portunus trytuberculatus selection and use.
The reproduction shell for the first time of the female Eriocheir sinensis of portunus trytuberculatus and second time reproduction shell time interval about a year, it is contemplated that
Survive the winter, the factor such as growth survival, build the maternal half sib of portunus trytuberculatus the most unrealistic.Due to three warts
The bending of swimming crab female Eriocheir sinensis, complicated reproductive system, technology of artificial insemination is not broken through, to a certain extent always
Hinder the structure of paternal half-sib；Simultaneously before female Eriocheir sinensis reproduction shell, male Eriocheir sinensis has the row of seeking a spouse chasing female Eriocheir sinensis
For, general persistently 2-5 days, sometimes up to 10 days, the most female Eriocheir sinensis shell copulation at once, mating time continued 2h
To 48h, this special mating behavior hinders the structure of paternal half-sib the most to a certain extent；Cause
This portunus trytuberculatus family half sibs scale builds the technical bottleneck being to carry out genetic breeding work.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of portunus trytuberculatus family half sibs scale to set up
Method, the method can successfully build portunus trytuberculatus paternal half-sib family, and the inventive method operation letter
Singly, the cycle is short, efficiency is high, can meet selection and use requirement.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solution:
A kind of portunus trytuberculatus family half sibs scale method for building up, including core breeding population fortification
Cultivation, artificial regulatory stud mating and family half sibs scale are set up；
1) fortification of core breeding population is cultivated
(1) core breeding population is set up: collect China difference wild population portunus trytuberculatus parent Eriocheir sinensis, utilizes mark
Standardization rearing of fingerling breeds seed, cultivates to II phase children Eriocheir sinensis, uses equal proportion to put Seedling mode, supports in outdoor
Grow pond and set up core breeding population；
(2) bait throwing in: at the beginning of 8 months, the fresh and alive trash fish of sterilization of throwing something and feeding and squid, cultivation individuality is carried out nutrition strong
Change and cultivate, for female Eriocheir sinensis reproduction shell energy reserve, simultaneously facilitate gonad development, carry out water-quality determination every day；
2) artificial regulatory stud mating
(1) before female Eriocheir sinensis reproduction shell, auxodrome is formulated
According to umbilical part color before female Eriocheir sinensis reproduction shell, it is classified as 4 periods: A, B, C, D, along with life
Going forward one by one of long growth, umbilical part black ratio is gradually increased, and wherein the D phase closes on reproduction shell, each issue time interval
More than 4 days；
A: the female complete brilliant white of Eriocheir sinensis umbilical part；
B: female Eriocheir sinensis umbilical part brilliant white is partially larger than black part；
C: female Eriocheir sinensis umbilical part brilliant white part is less than black part；
D: the female complete black of Eriocheir sinensis umbilical part；
(2) Mating design
Capture core breeding population 120 age in days is individual, and 1It is 1 group with 4 ♀ and puts in 1 independent cement pit, 4 ♀
For each 1 of A, B, C, D phase, measure the growth indexes of each individuality, then carry out labelling, put into cement
Pond；
Further, the male Eriocheir sinensis described in step (2) meets following characteristics: healthy, energetic, appendage complete,
Have no mechanical damage, body surface is bright and new is more than 250g without attachment, body weight；Female Eriocheir sinensis meets following characteristics: healthy,
Energetic, appendage is complete, have no mechanical damage, body surface is bright and new is more than 120g without attachment, body weight.
(3) management: the fresh and alive trash fish of sterilization of throwing something and feeding in cement pit at dusk, every morning, soil pick-up changed water once,
Inspection record parent's Eriocheir sinensis mating situation, mating success is individual, again carries out labelling；Keep in pond and instrument cleans；
3) family half sibs scale is set up
Female Eriocheir sinensis process after mating is survived the winter, reinforced cultivating, is transferred to hatchery, and every female Eriocheir sinensis puts into 1 hatching
Pond, carries out germling standardization cultivation.
Further, step 3) described in germling standardization cultivate
Healthy zoea larva is chosen in each hatchery, is placed individually in germling standardization cultivation bucket and cultivates,
Concrete grammar is as follows:
(1) bait throwing in
ZI～ZIINurturing period throws something and feeds brachionus plicatilis, ZIII～ZIVNurturing period throws something and feeds artemia nauplii, M,
CI、CIThe I nurturing period throws something and feeds fairy shrimp adult；
(2) regulating and controlling water quality
Adding chlorella in bucket to cultivating, making water body is yellow green, ZIBucket water level 0.7m is cultivated, so when first day
Rear every day adds water 0.1m, to ZIIIStart to change water, day quantity of exchanged water 10%；ZICultivating bucket water temperature when first day is
20.5 DEG C, stepping up nursery water temperature by the increasing degree of 0.5 DEG C/d, when reaching 26 DEG C, constant temperature is cultivated later.
(3) standardization cultivation
Cultivate to II phase children Eriocheir sinensis, be transferred to outdoor standard cultivation, outdoor breeding pattern: cultivating pool, use yarn
Netting average lattice, each family randomly selects equal number seed and puts into 1 lattice, each lattice water environment basic
Cause；Early stage artemia adult, middle and late stage bait of throwing something and feeding of throwing something and feeding includes little Lan clam, fresh and alive trash fish, is standardized
Aquaculture management.
Present invention beneficial effect compared with prior art:
1, the present invention is applicable to portunus trytuberculatus family half sibs scale structure, by strengthening before parent's Eriocheir sinensis mating
Cultivate and different growing periods is reasonably combined, relative to swimming crab indoor manual control orientation copulation method, improve
During indoor culture, survival rate builds efficiency with family half sibs.
2, the present invention is suitable for portunus trytuberculatus genetic parameter and accurately assesses, by setting up hatchery and larval culture
Bucket, it is achieved that the standardization of family larval culture phase density, improves the degree of accuracy of parameter evaluation result.
3, the present invention is suitable for portunus trytuberculatus genetic breeding, has been arranged in pairs or groups mating by 1 ♂ and 4 ♀, it is to avoid
The cannibalisation that natural mating None-identified Parent and male Eriocheir sinensis contention spouse cause.
Detailed description of the invention
The technical method of the present invention is described in detail below by embodiment:
A kind of portunus trytuberculatus family half sibs scale method for building up, including core breeding population fortification
Cultivation, artificial regulatory stud mating and family half sibs scale are set up, and specifically comprise the following steps that
1, the fortification of core breeding population is cultivated
(1) core breeding population is set up: collect China's Laizhou Wan, Haizhou Wan, Yalujiang Estuary, Zhoushan difference
Wild population portunus trytuberculatus parent Eriocheir sinensis, utilizes standardization rearing of fingerling to breed seed, cultivates to II phase children Eriocheir sinensis,
Put Seedling mode by equal proportion, collect 200 close Eriocheir sinensis filial generations, set up core breeding population in outdoor breeding pond,
Seed density is 3000/mu.
(2) bait throwing in: early stage is thrown something and fed big artemia, little Lan clam, at the beginning of 8 months, throws something and feeds the young Eriocheir sinensis of 100 ages in days through height
The fresh and alive trash fish of potassium manganate sterilization and squid, carry out fortification cultivation to cultivation individuality, and daily ration of feeding controls
At the 10%-15% of swimming crab body weight, morning, 6:00 and dusk 16:00 threw something and fed for 2 times, and wherein feeding volume accounts for day at dusk
Feeding volume 70%, for female Eriocheir sinensis reproduction shell energy reserve, simultaneously facilitates gonad development.
(3) regulating and controlling water quality: every day temperature to be carried out, salinity, pH value, the water quality such as dissolved oxygen and transparency surveys
Fixed, it is equipped with micro-pore oxygenation machine, within every 3-5 days, changes water 1 time, each quantity of exchanged water 30-40%；PH value at 7.6-8.6,
Transparency 30-40cm, dissolved oxygen > 4.5mg/L.
2, artificial regulatory stud mating
(1) Mating design
Capture core breeding population 120 age in days swimming crab 1000, according to the standard formulated, is divided into 4 by female Eriocheir sinensis
Phase, then 1It is 1 group with 4 ♀ (each 1 of A, B, C, D phase) to put in 1 independent cement pit, builds together vertical
100 groups, cement pit floor space 7m2, high 1.5m.
The auxodrome of A, B, C, D each phase is:
A: the female complete brilliant white of Eriocheir sinensis umbilical part；
B: female Eriocheir sinensis umbilical part brilliant white is partially larger than black part；
C: female Eriocheir sinensis umbilical part brilliant white part is less than black part；
D: the female complete black of Eriocheir sinensis umbilical part；
Wherein male Eriocheir sinensis meets following characteristics: healthy, energetic, appendage complete, have no mechanical damage, body surface light
Fresh is more than 250g without attachment, body weight；Female Eriocheir sinensis meets following characteristics: healthy, energetic, appendage complete,
Have no mechanical damage, body surface is bright and new is more than 120g without attachment, body weight.Each the following index of bulk measurement:
Quan Jiakuan, first width, first length, height, body weight, after then carrying out labelling with white paint pen, put into cement
Pond.
(2) management
At dusk 16:00 throw something and feed in cement pit sterilization fresh and alive trash fish, feeding volume is swimming crab body weight 10%-15%；
Every morning, 8 soil pick-ups changed water once, and quantity of exchanged water is 70%-90%, inspection record parent's Eriocheir sinensis mating situation, mating
Success is individual, again carries out labelling with white paint pen；Keep in pond and instrument clean, it is ensured that food quality,
The glove of operator and rain boots to be sterilized in time.
3, family half sibs scale is set up
(1) parent Eriocheir sinensis row children
Mating successfully female Eriocheir sinensis 325, process is survived the winter, reinforced cultivating, April next year, oogenesis parent Eriocheir sinensis 195,
When heart beating reaches 170 beats/min, being transferred to hatchery, every close Eriocheir sinensis puts into 1 hatchery, and hatchery is indoor
10m3Cement pit, after parent Eriocheir sinensis row children 5h, uses the mode of photo-induction, and healthy zoea larva 3 is chosen in each hatchery
Ten thousand, it is respectively put into independent germling standardization and cultivates in bucket: floor space 1m2, high 1.3m.
(2) germling standardization is cultivated
A, bait throwing in
At ZI～ZIINurturing period mainly throws something and feeds brachionus plicatilis so that it is maintains in seedling water and is no less than
The level of density of 10/ml；ZIIINurturing period throws something and feeds artemia nauplii, throws something and feeds 4-6 time every day, each
Feeding volume is 1.5～3/ml.ZIVNurturing period throws something and feeds artemia nauplii, and every day 6～8 times, each throws something and feeds
Amount is 2～3/ml, at ZIV3rd day artemia adult of throwing something and feeding, provides bait for megalops larva.
M、CI、CIINurturing period mainly throws something and feeds artemia adult, M averagely throw something and feed every day nurturing period 10～20 rich
Year worm adult/tail, CIAveragely throw something and feed every day nurturing period 20 fairy shrimp adult/tails, CIIEvery day nurturing period is average
Throw something and feed 30 fairy shrimp adult/tails.During the Feeding time morning 8～9, during noon 12, during afternoon 3～4, it is close to
During evening 6～7, during during evening 12 and morning 4, before throwing something and feeding, water inspection contained by available beaker, remains according to bait
Remaining situation, determines feeding volume next time；Bait is both needed to potassium permanganate sterilization, then clean with seawater flushing, then
Throw something and feed.
B, regulating and controlling water quality
Chlorella (2～3 × 10 is added in bucket is cultivated in germling standardization6Individual/ml), making water body is yellow green.Before
Phase takes to add water mode, adds 10cm every day, gradually fills, to ZⅢStart to change water, day quantity of exchanged water 10%.
More than dissolved oxygen amount 5mg/L, ZIDuring the phase, water temperature is 20.5 DEG C, steps up nursery pond by the increasing degree of 0.5 DEG C/d later
Water temperature, when reaching 26 DEG C, constant temperature is cultivated.
(3) standardization cultivation
A, breeding way
Each cultivation bucket is 1 family full-sibs, according to experimental record, the different full sib men of same male parent
System, family half sibs the most each other, cultivate to II phase children Eriocheir sinensis, be transferred to outdoor standard cultivation, outdoor breeding
Pattern: 5 mu of cultivating pools, is equally divided into 12 lattice with gauze, and each family randomly selects 1500 seeds
Putting into 1 lattice, each lattice water environment is basically identical.
B, bait throwing in
Early stage (II phase～V phase), based on artemia adult, after V phase children Eriocheir sinensis, (is commonly called as sea sand with little Lan clam
Son, little Bai clam), new iced trash fish be main, early stage day feeding volume be the 8～10% of body weight, day in mid-term feeding volume be
The 10～15% of body weight, day in later stage feeding volume be the 8% of body weight, in II, III, IV phase children Eriocheir sinensis stage, throw something and feed
Fairy shrimp adult, feeding volume is up to body weight 50%～70%；Morning, 6:00 and dusk 16:00 threw something and fed for 2 times, its
Middle dusk feeding volume accounts for day feeding volume 70%.
Build together vertical 89 family full-sibses, wherein family half sibs 40,80,120 age in days time, Mei Gejia
System randomly selects 30 individualities, measures growth traits, utilizes half sib data to carry out the genetic parameters such as heritability
Estimate, carry out offer data support for aquatic animal genetic breeding.
Claims (3)
1. a portunus trytuberculatus family half sibs scale method for building up, it is characterised in that it includes core breeding group
Body fortification cultivation, artificial regulatory stud mating and family half sibs scale are set up；
1) fortification of core breeding population is cultivated
(1) core breeding population is set up: collect China difference wild population portunus trytuberculatus parent Eriocheir sinensis, utilizes mark
Standardization rearing of fingerling breeds seed, seed rearing to II phase children Eriocheir sinensis, uses equal proportion to put Seedling mode, in room
Outer cultivating pool sets up core breeding population；
(2) bait throwing in: at the beginning of 8 months, the fresh and alive trash fish of sterilization of throwing something and feeding and squid, cultivation individuality is carried out nutrition strong
Change and cultivate, for female Eriocheir sinensis reproduction shell energy reserve, simultaneously facilitate gonad development, carry out water-quality determination every day；
2) artificial regulatory stud mating
(1) before female Eriocheir sinensis reproduction shell, auxodrome is formulated
According to umbilical part color before female Eriocheir sinensis reproduction shell, it is classified as 4 periods: A, B, C, D, along with life
Going forward one by one of long growth, umbilical part black ratio is gradually increased, and wherein the D phase closes on reproduction shell, each issue time interval
More than 4 days；
The formulation of auxodrome is according to being:
A: the female complete brilliant white of Eriocheir sinensis umbilical part；
B: female Eriocheir sinensis umbilical part brilliant white is partially larger than black part；
C: female Eriocheir sinensis umbilical part brilliant white part is less than black part；
D: the female complete black of Eriocheir sinensis umbilical part；
(2) Mating design
Capture core breeding population 120 age in days is individual,It is 1 group with 4 ♀ and puts in 1 independent cement pit, 4 ♀
For each 1 of A, B, C, D phase, measure the growth indexes of each individuality, then carry out labelling, put into cement
Pond；
(3) management: the fresh and alive trash fish of sterilization of throwing something and feeding in cement pit at dusk, every morning, soil pick-up changed water once,
Inspection record parent's Eriocheir sinensis mating situation, mating success is individual, again carries out labelling；Keep in pond and instrument cleans；
3) family half sibs scale is set up
Female Eriocheir sinensis process after mating is survived the winter, reinforced cultivating, is transferred to hatchery, and every female Eriocheir sinensis puts into 1 hatching
Pond, carries out germling standardization cultivation.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the hero described in step (2) Mating design
Eriocheir sinensis meets following characteristics: healthy, energetic, appendage complete, have no mechanical damage, body surface bright and new without attachment,
Body weight is more than 250g；Female Eriocheir sinensis meets following characteristics: healthy, energetic, appendage complete, have no mechanical damage,
Body surface is bright and new is more than 120g without attachment, body weight.
Method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 3) described in germling standardization cultivate be
Healthy zoea larva is chosen in each hatchery, is placed individually in germling standardization cultivation bucket and cultivates,
Concrete grammar is as follows:
(1) bait throwing in
ZI～ZIINurturing period throws something and feeds brachionus plicatilis, ZIII～ZIVNurturing period throws something and feeds artemia nauplii, M,
CI、CIThe I nurturing period throws something and feeds fairy shrimp adult；
(2) regulating and controlling water quality
Adding chlorella in bucket to cultivating, making water body is yellow green, ZIBucket water level 0.7m is cultivated, so when first day
Rear every day adds water 0.1m, to ZIIIStart to change water, day quantity of exchanged water 10%；ZICultivating bucket water temperature when first day is
20.5 DEG C, stepping up nursery water temperature by the increasing degree of 0.5 DEG C/d, when reaching 26 DEG C, constant temperature is cultivated later；
(3) standardization cultivation
Cultivate to II phase children Eriocheir sinensis, be transferred to outdoor standard cultivation, outdoor breeding pattern: cultivating pool, use yarn
Netting average lattice, each family randomly selects equal number seed and puts into 1 lattice, each lattice water environment basic
Cause；Early stage artemia adult, middle and late stage bait of throwing something and feeding of throwing something and feeding includes little Lan clam, fresh and alive trash fish, is standardized
Aquaculture management.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610523920.0A CN105994082B (en) | 2016-07-03 | 2016-07-03 | A kind of Portunus trituberculatus Miers family half sibs scale method for building up |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610523920.0A CN105994082B (en) | 2016-07-03 | 2016-07-03 | A kind of Portunus trituberculatus Miers family half sibs scale method for building up |
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| CN105994082A true CN105994082A (en) | 2016-10-12 |
| CN105994082B CN105994082B (en) | 2018-12-21 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112136738A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-12-29 | 浙江省农业科学院 | High-egg-holding-quantity red-swamp crayfish parent screening and breeding method |
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| KR100991274B1 (en) * | 2008-07-30 | 2010-11-01 | 경상북도(수산자원개발연구소) | Culture method young crab for snow crab |
| CN104982362A (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2015-10-21 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Breeding method of portunus trituberculatus rapid-growth novel variety |
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| KR100991274B1 (en) * | 2008-07-30 | 2010-11-01 | 경상북도(수산자원개발연구소) | Culture method young crab for snow crab |
| CN101627737A (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2010-01-20 | 厦门大学 | Method for establishing blue crab family and selecting improved breed |
| CN104982362A (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2015-10-21 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Breeding method of portunus trituberculatus rapid-growth novel variety |
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| CN112136738A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-12-29 | 浙江省农业科学院 | High-egg-holding-quantity red-swamp crayfish parent screening and breeding method |
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