CN101878743A - Method for totally-artificial batch culture of parent fish of clown fish - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the totally-artificial batch culture of parent fish of clown fish, which comprises the following steps of: when juvenile fish of the clown fish propagated artificially grows to 2 centimeters in average body length, selecting a certain quantity of high-quality individuals as reserve parent fish; culturing the selected reserve parent fish in a cultivation pond by adopting a mode of group culture; when the reserve parent fish is cultured for 180 days, starting to perform pairing operation, and obtaining artificially-paired parent fish to be cultured in batches by adopting a safe and efficient pairing mode of combining batch pairing with cross pairing; and performing enhanced culture on the paired parent fish in a parent fish pond, and ensuring the high quality of the artificial parent fish through the ripening-induced technology for the parent fish of combining the environmental ripening-forced regulating and control measure with the nutrition ripening-forced regulating and control measure. The method improves the totally-artificial culture speed and pairing success rate of the parent fish of the clown fish, ensures that the spawning effect of the parent fish is the same or close to that of wild parent fish, solves the problem of deficient parents in the culture of the clown fish, and has an important significance for the development of marine ornamental fish aquaculture.

Description

A kind of method of totally-artificial batch culture of parent fish of clown fish

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of method of totally-artificial batch culture of parent fish of clown fish, be applicable to a kind of method of selecting kind of fish and under controlled condition, cultivate into parent population in batches from the clown fish juvenile fish of artificial propagation.

Background technology

Clown fish belongs to Pomacentridae (Pomacentridae), sea anemone fish subfamily (Amphiprioninae), traditional taxonomy from view of morphology Ben Yake be divided into two saw fishes belong to (claiming the sea anemone fish to belong to again) (Amphiprion) and sour jujube cheek sea anemone fish belong to (Premna), two saw fishes belong to 28 kinds in the world, sour jujube cheek sea anemone fish belongs in the world only a kind, so sea anemone fish subfamily adds up to 2 to belong to 29 kinds.They are elfins lovely in the coral reef, are important tropical seawater pet fish, owing to become kind most popular in the seawater Shui nationality with the unique interesting symbiosis of sea anemone.

In recent years, be that the seawater pet fish propagation technique of representative has had than quantum jump with clown fish, huge commercial opportunities are contained in clown fish breeding industrialization.High value and kind diversification are the bases that clown fish breeding industry is grown stronger and larger, and at present, and the few and parent population of kind is difficult to obtain to limit the numerous aquaculture industry of China clown fish and further develops.Although China Hainan has abundant seawater pet fish resource, coastal waters, two sand and the Nansha Islands have 6 kinds, because some kind clown fish of overfishing is difficult to obtain; And the clown fish of some kind original quantity in natural waters is just rare, is difficult to find trace now especially.As seen, also be unsustainable if the clown fish industrialization relies on wild parent population, the scarcity of parent population not only influences the production of clown fish large-scale cultivation, even influences the development of seawater pet fish industry.To reach parent population be the effective ways that address this problem from numerous self-sufficiency and adopt controlled water body to carry out total man worker's parent fish rearing.But in clown fish colony, 1 pair of parent population that can only the existence gland maturity, i.e. 1 tail raun and 1 tail milter, all the other are sexual gland juvenile fish to be grown, and these characteristics become the bottleneck that restriction clown fish is cultivated in batches.

Summary of the invention

The method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of totally-artificial batch culture of parent fish of clown fish, promptly from the clown fish juvenile fish of artificial propagation, selecting the parent population continuation in support of high-quality individuality cultures, obtaining in batches by the measure of matching efficiently can be for the artificial pairing parent population of growing seedlings, again with the high-quality method of the artificial parent population of parent population accelerating technical guarantee.

Through investigation, the gonad development of clown fish shows following rule:

1) because clown fish has strict Social Grading system and property conversion behavior, promptly in 1 colony, have only 1 tail raun and 1 tail milter, all the other are the immature juvenile fish of sexual gland, will be after the raun disappearance by filling after the conversion of milter property, the milter of disappearance will be replenished by the bigger prematurity juvenile fish of individuality, so colony has only 1 pair of mature brood fish in culturing under the normal condition.

2) the clown fish maturation is laid eggs need high safety, comfortable and stable environment, and any artificial scaring all can cause sexual gland to degenerate and lay eggs.

3) the clown fish maturation is laid eggs needs sufficient nutrition guarantee, and the clown fish parent population has not ingest and sinks to the bottom the characteristics of food.

By to clown fish whole history of life, the investigation of the biology of particularly sexual maturity rule, the present invention has designed the method that a cover is applicable to seed selection total man worker parent population from the clown fish of artificial propagation according to the rule trend of clown fish gonad development, and its step is as follows:

A kind of method of totally-artificial batch culture of parent fish of clown fish is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:

1) the artificial propagation juvenile fish selects: when the clown fish juvenile growth of artificial propagation during to the long 2cm of average body, select high-quality individuality parent population in support;

2) reserve parent fish is formed: the reserve parent fish of selecting adopts the group support mode to cultivate in growing pond, and the reserve parent fish of different parental sources is cultured culturing the pond separately respectively;

3) total man worker parent population pairing: when arriving 180 ages in days, the reserve parent fish of culturing begins to carry out pairing work, the safe and efficient matching method that adopts pairing in batches and cross match to combine, acquisition can be for the artificial pairing parent population of growing seedlings;

4) total man worker parent population is accelerated the ripening and lays eggs: pairing back parent population reinforced cultivating in parent fish pond, and with environment regulation measure and the nutrition artificial parent population high-quality of parent population accelerating technical guarantee that regulation measure combines that accelerates the ripening that accelerates the ripening.

The juvenile fish selection method is in the described step 1):

A. growth is very fast, and body is grown up in 2cm;

B. body surface cleaning, healthy active;

C. the complete nothing of profile is lopsided, and color does not have variation, and band does not have disappearance;

D. the reserve parent fish quantity of in the juvenile fish of different parental sources, the selecting unanimity of to try one's best;

E. the reserve parent fish total quantity of selecting is 2 times of target parent population number.

Described step 2) reserve parent fish is formed method in:

A. growing pond condition: continental rise cement pit, Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub or aquarium, depth of water 0.4-0.8 rice, volume 200-500L;

B. breeding density: in order to guarantee growth rate faster, breeding density should be controlled in 0.5 tail/L;

C. bait feeding: the long 2-5cm of the body self-control artifical compound feed of throwing something and feeding; 5cm throws something and feeds later on self-control soft pellet diet every day 4 times, each 5min, with fish do not assemble ingest till; The artifical compound feed preparation method is homogenate after bright shrimp drains away the water, and adds 1% spirulina powder, 2% vitamin C and 10% flour again, is pressed into thin slice after stirring, and dries the back sealing and places 4 ℃ of refrigerators standby, and artifical compound feed was made once in 3 months; The soft pellet diet preparation method is homogenate after bright shrimp drains away the water, and adds 1% spirulina powder and 2% vitamin C again, and the back sealing that stirs places 4 ℃ of refrigerators standby, and this feed was made once in per 3 days;

D. water quality management: inhale behind the 1h that at every turn ingests and remove residual bait and ight soil, to keep good water quality; Adopt cycle water or pipeline mode to cultivate, cycle water is cultivated with reference to the daily management of seawater pet fish aquarium, and flowing water cultivation flowing water every day twice each 1 time sooner or later, is as the criterion so that water quality is pure and fresh; Salinity keeps 20-33psu, and water temperature is controlled at 25-30 ℃, the natural lighting condition.

The efficient matching method of total man worker parent population is specially for the safe and efficient matching method that matches and cross match combines in batches in the described step 3):

A. pairing in batches: concrete operation method is when finding to have raun to form in the colony breed pond raun to be moved to parent fish pond, and selects medium sized 4 tail juvenile fish and matched, and removes residue 3 tail juvenile fish after the successful matching, and parent fish pond male and female ratio is 1: 1; Successful matching be masked as raun and wherein 1 tail juvenile fish live in harmony evening frequent commensalism one place, and usually attack other juvenile fish in the daytime jointly; After the milter property in the growing pond is converted into raun, proceed second and take turns pairing, by that analogy;

B. cross match: bring bad consequence for avoiding inbreeding, adopt the cross match mode to carry out, promptly derive between different parents' the offspring and match, as raun among the A parent offspring and the pairing of B parent offspring juvenile fish, raun and A parent offspring juvenile fish pairing among the B parent offspring.

The measure of laying eggs of accelerating the ripening of total man worker parent population comprises environment accelerate the ripening regulation and control and the nutrition regulation and control of accelerating the ripening in the described step 4);

A. the environment regulation measure that accelerates the ripening comprises:

A. parent fish pond condition: continental rise cement pit, Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub or aquarium, depth of water 0.4-0.8m, volume 100-500L;

B. habitat simulation: place a coral and sea anemone or plastics or ceramic in the parent fish pond, be used for the clown fish parent population and settle down and lay eggs; The pond domestic demand is placed the small-sized unrestrained pump of making, and time switch is strengthened the simulation of tidal flow; Reach overhung sunshade net around the natural lighting condition 12D:12L, parent fish pond to regulate illumination, intensity of illumination is controlled at 1000-2000Lux;

C. water quality control: adopt cycle water or pipeline mode to carry out, cycle water is cultivated with reference to the daily management of seawater pet fish aquarium, flowing water cultivation flowing water every day twice, each 1 time sooner or later, each 3 hours, total flow 300%; Bait throwing in every day is soil pick-up after 1 hour, inhales and removes residual bait and ight soil, keeps water quality pure and fresh; Cultivating water is that natural sand filter seawater is good; Salinity keeps 25-33psu, and water temperature is controlled at 25-30 ℃;

B. the nutrition regulation measure that accelerates the ripening comprises:

A. bait is made: the back homogenate that drains away the water of fresh foundation bait, stir after adding a certain amount of nutrition accelerating hardening agent again, make soft particulate material after sealing place 4 ℃ of refrigerators standby, bait was made once in per 3 days; Foundation bait is shrimp+oyster meat, its weight ratio 2: 1, or shrimp+squid meat, its weight ratio 2: 1; Nutrition accelerating hardening agent is a spirulina powder, its addition be foundation bait weight 1%, vitamin C, its addition be foundation bait weight 2%) astaxanthin of purity more than 1.5%, its addition is 2% and a cholesterol of foundation bait weight, its addition is 2% of a foundation bait weight;

B. feeding method: it is big with scissors bait to be cut into soya bean when throwing something and feeding, and repeatedly drops into parent fish pond on a small quantity, till stopping to ingest with parent population; Food at the bottom of the pond should not avoid disposable input bait too much too fast when throwing something and feeding because clown fish does not generally ingest.Respectively throw something and feed in every morning and afternoon 1 time.

Adopt above regulation measure, artificial parent population is 5～6 months from being paired to egg-laying time, and foot fish in 1 age can lay eggs, and some kind needs long period, but all in 2 ages maturation lay eggs.

Mature stage in the implementation process and parent population phase water quality management standard: regularly carry out NO ₂-N, NO ₃-N, NH ₄-N, PO ₄The assay of-P, DO (dissolved oxygen), DIN (dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen) and IP chemokineses such as (Phos), sampling and sample analysis are all undertaken by the method for regulation in " marine monitoring standard ".Still the standard of not having at present unified clown fish cultivate water, " water quality standard for fishery (GB-11607-89) " and " sea water quality standard (GB-3097-1997) " that announces with reference to China in the enforcement.Indivedual or some aquation factors in above-mentioned exceed limited range, and the seawater of handling by storage cistern changes water.

Below be some standards that reference is implemented in implementation process:

The GB11607 water quality standard for fishery

The GB-3097 sea water quality standard

NY 5052 pollution-free food mariculture water water quality

NY 5071 pollution-free food drugs used in aquiculture service regeulations

NY 5072 pollution-free food fishing manufactured feed safety limits.

Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention notes holding clown fish parent population total man worker and cultivates each link, the individuality of selecting high-quality from the clown fish juvenile fish of artificial propagation continues to culture, machine obtains in batches and can accelerate clown fish total man worker parent fish rearing speed and be paired into power for the artificial pairing parent population of growing seedlings by the measure of matching efficiently in due course; Again with parent population accelerating technical guarantee the quality of artificial parent population, guarantee that its effect of laying eggs is identical or approaching with the parent population effect in wild source, the parent population that is used for artificial breeding by the present invention's seed selection from the clown fish juvenile fish of artificial propagation is paired into power 50%-80%, 1 year half interior spawning rate 50-68.8% of pairing parent population, effect is fine.The invention solves the problem of parent's scarcity in the clown fish breed; improve the single present situation of China's clown fish breed variety; use this method; as long as the wild parent population that has a pair of maturation to lay eggs; can produce between 1 year to 1 year half and satisfy the required parent of large-scale production, already develop significant the seawater culture of ornamental fish.

Embodiment

In August, 2008, when the two saw of artificial propagation Ke Shi fish juvenile fish grows to 2cm, from 4 couples of wild parent population offsprings, respectively select individual bigger 30 tails (totally 120 tails) parent fish rearing in support respectively.Breed is at 4 0.5m ³Carry out every barrel 30 tail in the Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub.Flowing water is cultivated, the self-control manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding before the long 5cm of body, every day 4 times (8:00/11:00/15:00/18:00), the soft feed that throw something and feed behind the long 5cm of body new Fresh squid, shrimp and algae powder are made.The artifical compound feed preparation method is homogenate after bright shrimp drains away the water, and adds 1% spirulina powder, 2% vitamin C and 10% flour again, is pressed into thin slice after stirring, and dries the back sealing and places 4 ℃ of refrigerators standby, and artifical compound feed was made once in 3 months.The soft pellet diet preparation method is homogenate after bright shrimp drains away the water, and adds 1% spirulina powder and 2% vitamin C again, and the back sealing that stirs places 4 ℃ of refrigerators standby, and this feed was made once in per 3 days.Put a Bubbled stone inflation, keep more than the dissolved oxygen 6.0mg/L natural lighting and water temperature (water temperature 16-31 ℃) for every barrel.

In February, 2009, fight fierceness in the shoal of fish, beginning parent population pairing work.Adopt pairing in batches and cross match mode to carry out, promptly 1 tail raun is joined 1 pair of juvenile fish that parent population produces 4 tail in addition, pulls remaining juvenile fish after the successful matching out.Individual maximum fish (raun) and the medium individual juvenile fish 4 tails pairing of another growing pond in each growing pond are chosen in choosing during pairing, note observing, and can find whether match in 7 days.Remove the residue juvenile fish after the successful matching, parent fish pond male and female ratio is 1: 1.Pairing work is carried out once every month, 4 pairs of parent populations of pairing in average per 30 days; To in August, 2009, successfully matched 24 pairs of total man worker parent populations in 6 months.The residue reserve parent fish matches 24 pairs of parent populations in year March in September, 2009 to 2010.

Pairing back parent population is cultured in the 500L parent fish pond, and 1 block of coral and 1 sea anemone are placed in each pond, and flowing water is cultivated.With prawn+oyster is the astaxanthin reinforcement cultivation that foundation bait is aided with spirulina, vitamin C, cholesterol and purity 1.5%, throws something and feeds every day 2 times.On July 10th, 2,009 first pair of total man worker parent population begin to lay eggs, 3 times egg laying amount seldom, below 100, incubation rate is very low simultaneously, later on each egg laying amount all has by a relatively large margin to be increased, through 7-8 time lay eggs (3-4 month), its quantity of laying eggs reaches the quantity (1000-1500 grain) suitable with wild parent population.Other total man worker parent populations also lay eggs subsequently successively, and in April, 2010,24 pairs of parent populations of pairing all lay eggs before in August, 2009.24 pairs of parent populations of in September, 2009 to 2010 year pairing in March in April, 2010, have 9 pairs to lay eggs.

Be paired into power between 1 year half and reach 80%, 1 year half spawning rate of pairing parent population reaches 68.8%.

The above results shows, a kind of method that is adapted at carrying out under the continental rise controllable environment totally-artificial batch culture of parent fish of clown fish provided by the present invention, the a collection of juvenile fish of 4 pairs of wild parent populations successfully matches 24 pairs of parent populations in 1 year, 48 pairs of parent populations of pairing can be satisfied the large-scale nursery required parent population quantity of growing seedlings between 1 year half.And guaranteed that effectively the artificial parent population of cultivating has higher maturing rate and spawning rate, thereby guarantee the quality of the clown fish parent population of artificial culture.

The present invention is not limited in the scope of above-mentioned specific embodiment, and above-mentioned embodiment only is for can be to clown fish parent fish rearing of the present invention, and pairing and forced ripening method and process are described in detail.In fact, those skilled in the art are according to the description of preamble, just can cultivate into the high-quality parent population to the artificial clown fish juvenile fish of variety classes according to needs (cycle water and flowing water) under different breeding environment conditions separately, these all should be in the scope of this paper institute appending claims.

Claims (5)

1. the method for a totally-artificial batch culture of parent fish of clown fish is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:

1) the artificial propagation juvenile fish selects: when the clown fish juvenile growth of artificial propagation during to the long 2cm of average body, select high-quality individuality parent population in support;

2) reserve parent fish is formed: the reserve parent fish of selecting adopts the group support mode to cultivate in growing pond, and the reserve parent fish of different parental sources is cultured culturing the pond separately respectively;

3) total man worker parent population pairing: when arriving 180 ages in days, the reserve parent fish of culturing begins to carry out pairing work, the safe and efficient matching method that adopts pairing in batches and cross match to combine, acquisition can be for the artificial pairing parent population of growing seedlings;

4) total man worker parent population is accelerated the ripening and lays eggs: pairing back parent population reinforced cultivating in parent fish pond, and with environment regulation measure and the nutrition artificial parent population high-quality of parent population accelerating technical guarantee that regulation measure combines that accelerates the ripening that accelerates the ripening.

2. according to the method for claims 1 described a kind of totally-artificial batch culture of parent fish of clown fish, it is characterized in that: the juvenile fish selection method is in the step 1):

A. growth is very fast, and body is grown up in 2cm;

B. body surface cleaning, healthy active;

C. the complete nothing of profile is lopsided, and color does not have variation, and band does not have disappearance;

D. the reserve parent fish quantity of in the juvenile fish of different parental sources, the selecting unanimity of to try one's best;

E. the reserve parent fish total quantity of selecting is 2 times of target parent population number.

3. according to the method for claims 1 described a kind of totally-artificial batch culture of parent fish of clown fish, it is characterized in that: step 2) in reserve parent fish form method:

A. growing pond condition: continental rise cement pit, Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub or aquarium, depth of water 0.4-0.8 rice, volume 200-500L;

B. breeding density: in order to guarantee growth rate faster, breeding density should be controlled in 0.5 tail/L;

C. bait feeding: the long 2-5cm of the body self-control artifical compound feed of throwing something and feeding; 5cm throws something and feeds later on self-control soft pellet diet every day 4 times, each 5min, with fish do not assemble ingest till; The artifical compound feed preparation method is homogenate after bright shrimp drains away the water, and adds 1% spirulina powder, 2% vitamin C and 10% flour again, is pressed into thin slice after stirring, and dries the back sealing and places 4 ℃ of refrigerators standby, and artifical compound feed was made once in 3 months; The soft pellet diet preparation method is homogenate after bright shrimp drains away the water, and adds 1% spirulina powder and 2% vitamin C again, and the back sealing that stirs places 4 ℃ of refrigerators standby, and this feed was made once in per 3 days;

D. water quality management: inhale behind the 1h that at every turn ingests and remove residual bait and ight soil, to keep good water quality; Adopt cycle water or pipeline mode to cultivate, cycle water is cultivated with reference to the daily management of seawater pet fish aquarium, and flowing water cultivation flowing water every day twice each 1 time sooner or later, is as the criterion so that water quality is pure and fresh; Salinity keeps 20-33psu, and water temperature is controlled at 25-30 ℃, the natural lighting condition.

4. according to the method for claims 1 described a kind of totally-artificial batch culture of parent fish of clown fish, it is characterized in that: the efficient matching method of total man worker parent population is specially for the safe and efficient matching method that matches and cross match combines in batches in the step 3):

A. pairing in batches: concrete operation method is when finding to have raun to form in the colony breed pond raun to be moved to parent fish pond, and selects medium sized 4 tail juvenile fish and matched, and removes residue 3 tail juvenile fish after the successful matching, and parent fish pond male and female ratio is 1: 1; Successful matching be masked as raun and wherein 1 tail juvenile fish live in harmony evening frequent commensalism one place, and usually attack other juvenile fish in the daytime jointly; After the milter property in the growing pond is converted into raun, proceed second and take turns pairing, by that analogy;

B. cross match: bring bad consequence for avoiding inbreeding, adopt the cross match mode to carry out, promptly derive between different parents' the offspring and match, as raun among the A parent offspring and the pairing of B parent offspring juvenile fish, raun and A parent offspring juvenile fish pairing among the B parent offspring.

5. according to the method for claims 1 described a kind of totally-artificial batch culture of parent fish of clown fish, it is characterized in that: the measure of laying eggs of accelerating the ripening of total man worker parent population comprises environment accelerate the ripening regulation and control and the nutrition regulation and control of accelerating the ripening in the step 4);

A. the environment regulation measure that accelerates the ripening comprises:

A. parent fish pond condition: continental rise cement pit, Glass fibre reinforced plastic tub or aquarium, depth of water 0.4-0.8m, volume 100-500L;

B. habitat simulation: place a coral and sea anemone or plastics or ceramic in the parent fish pond, be used for the clown fish parent population and settle down and lay eggs; The pond domestic demand is placed the small-sized unrestrained pump of making, and time switch is strengthened the simulation of tidal flow; Reach overhung sunshade net around the natural lighting condition 12D:12L, parent fish pond to regulate illumination, intensity of illumination is controlled at 1000-2000Lux;

C. water quality control: adopt cycle water or pipeline mode to carry out, cycle water is cultivated with reference to the daily management of seawater pet fish aquarium, flowing water cultivation flowing water every day twice, each 1 time sooner or later, each 3 hours, total flow 300%; Bait throwing in every day is soil pick-up after 1 hour, inhales and removes residual bait and ight soil, keeps water quality pure and fresh; Cultivating water is that natural sand filter seawater is good; Salinity keeps 25-33psu, and water temperature is controlled at 25-30 ℃;

B. the nutrition regulation measure that accelerates the ripening comprises:

A. bait is made: the back homogenate that drains away the water of fresh foundation bait, stir after adding a certain amount of nutrition accelerating hardening agent again, make soft particulate material after sealing place 4 ℃ of refrigerators standby, bait per 3 is produced extensively once; Foundation bait is shrimp+oyster meat, its weight ratio 2: 1, or shrimp+squid meat, its weight ratio 2: 1; Nutrition accelerating hardening agent is a spirulina powder, its addition be foundation bait weight 1%, vitamin C, its addition be foundation bait weight 2%) astaxanthin of purity more than 1.5%, its addition is 2% and a cholesterol of foundation bait weight, its addition is 2% of a foundation bait weight;

B. feeding method: it is big with scissors bait to be cut into soya bean when throwing something and feeding, and repeatedly drops into parent fish pond on a small quantity, till stopping to ingest with parent population; Food at the bottom of the pond should not avoid disposable input bait too much too fast when throwing something and feeding because clown fish does not generally ingest.Respectively throw something and feed in every morning and afternoon 1 time.