CN105993256B - A method of utilizing stalk and microorganism improving littoral saline soil - Google Patents
A method of utilizing stalk and microorganism improving littoral saline soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN105993256B CN105993256B CN201610321890.5A CN201610321890A CN105993256B CN 105993256 B CN105993256 B CN 105993256B CN 201610321890 A CN201610321890 A CN 201610321890A CN 105993256 B CN105993256 B CN 105993256B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method using stalk and microorganism improving littoral saline soil, includes the following steps: that straw powder is added salinized soil and mixed by (1), pile mound, spray EM fermentation liquid, control temperature and incubation time, obtain microorganism formulation；(2) after transplanting crop in the transplanting soil of the microorganism formulation containing step (1) preparation, PAM water-retaining agent is applied in crop rhizosphere, dosage is 2~10g/ plants；(3) during plant growth, the EM fermentation liquid of primary 50-100 times of the dilution of sprinkling in every 7~15 days.The present invention adds microbial bacterial agent common fermentation after mixing by straw powder and soil, and water-retaining agent is used cooperatively after crop transplanting, the evaporation of surface layer salinized soil can be reduced, soil pH value is reduced and improves soil quality, enable crop normal growth, for technology using agricultural wastes such as stalks, raw material sources are extensive, low in cost, Crop Water Use Efficiency can be improved, increase yield and improving quality avoids chemical remediation agent secondary injury problem caused by soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of land improvement, improve strand salt marsh using stalk and microorganism more particularly to a kind of
The method of soil.
Background technique
Currently, China's coastal region soil salinization is got worse, because China's Coastal Areas is often influenced by tide, no matter dry
Drought or the wet distribution for having salinized soil.Salinized soil is one of most important mid and low yield soils type in China.In currently arable land number
Amount is reduced, under the background of quality degradation, and carrying out the saliferous reasonable modified utilization of coastal soil is the important of Ensuring Food Safety
Means.However the saliferous solution salt content of coastal soil is higher, causes availability of soil water to decline, and then crop is caused to inhale
Water difficulty and yield reduce.
Currently, the ameliorative measure for salinized soil is mainly more single by physically improved, water conservancy improvement, chemical modifying etc.
One modification method, physically improved measure invest very expensive, the generation of maintenance although being considered as effective method
Valence is also very high；Water conservancy improvement is huge in addition to investing, and other than operation cost is high, the chemicals used under normal circumstances also compares
It is more, but dosage is excessively easy to produce secondary pollution.With to water-saving agriculture and agricultural ecological environment pay attention to day by day and pass
Note, carries out improvement salinized soil using clean energy resource and microbial process, can turn waste into wealth, and the present invention is useless using the agricultural such as stalk
Gurry, raw material sources are extensive, low in cost, nontoxic, are avoided that chemical remediation agent secondary injury problem caused by soil.
The crop planted using this method, yield and quality are all improved.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the present invention provides a kind of method using stalk and microorganism improving littoral saline soil, to solve soil
The problems such as the problems such as earth alkalization is serious, crop can not grow and soil organic matter content are lower, and retentiveness is poor.
Technical solution: to realize the above-mentioned technical purpose, strand is improved using stalk and microorganism the present invention provides a kind of
The method of salinized soil, includes the following steps:
(1) salinized soil is added in straw powder to mix, the mound of high 30cm~50cm is piled, according to the quality of 0.5%-2%
Than spraying EM fermentation liquid, temperature is controlled at 25~30 DEG C, and incubation time 240h-480h obtains microorganism formulation；
(2) it after transplanting crop in the transplanting soil of the microorganism formulation containing step (1) preparation, is applied in crop rhizosphere
With PAM water-retaining agent, dosage is 2~10g/ plants；
(3) during plant growth, the EM fermentation liquid of primary 50-100 times of the dilution of sprinkling in every 7~15 days.
Preferably, in step (1), the straw powder is that crop material is added after plant pulverizer crushes to obtain, powder
Chopping fine degree is 10-200 mesh.
In step (1), the mass ratio of the straw powder and salinized soil is 1: 5-30.
Specifically, in step (2), the transplanting soil be microorganism formulation with 0~20cm topsoil soils according to 1: 1~
What 5 volume ratio mixed well.
Preferably, it before transplanting crop, according to a conventional method to transplanting soil application, is irrigated, is poured water after transplanting crop
The upper limit of amount is field capacity.
Specifically, in step (3), the described EM fermentation liquid fermentation by following mass percent component: EM calcium liquid 1%-
5%, glucose 1%-5%, K2HPO40.4%, KH2PO40.2%, MgSO4·7H2O0.05%, water 89.35%-
97.35%, pH 4-4.5, after mixing well, aerobic fermentation 7-15 days at a temperature of 25 DEG C, strain amount reaches 1 × 109cfu/mL
More than, the as described EM fermentation liquid.
The utility model has the advantages that compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantage that
(1) straw powder can reduce the evaporation capacity of soil, more preferable particularly with the effect of sand；
(2) it is generated after being rich in the beneficial microbes such as actinomyces, saccharomycete, photosynthetic bacteria and microbial metabolism in EM fermentation liquid
The products such as amino acid, soil available water and retentiveness can be improved, save irrigation water；
(3) EM fermentation liquid is acidity, can neutralize surface soil alkalinity, builds good environment for plant growth；
(4) EM fermentation liquid and stalk can effectively improve the organic carbon and total nitrogen content of soil with applying, and improve soil quality；
(5) using the crop of this method plantation, yield and quality is all improved；
(6) present invention is using agricultural wastes such as stalks, and raw material sources are extensive, low in cost, nontoxic, being avoided that
Learn renovation agent secondary injury problem caused by soil.
Specific embodiment
Reagent source:
The manufacture craft of EM calcium liquid is that nano calcium oxide (partial size 30nm), EM engineering bacteria, molasses and water are pressed 1: 1: 1: 20
Ratio obtained after anaerobic fermentation about 12h, then aerobic fermentation 24 hours under the conditions of 30 DEG C, shaking speed 150-180rpm.
Wherein from Nanjing Ai Mule Environmental Technology AS, nano calcium oxide is bought from market for EM engineering bacteria and molasses purchase.
Embodiment 1:
One, a kind of method using stalk and microorganism improving littoral saline soil, includes the following steps:
(1) by crop material be added plant pulverizer (smashing fineness: 10-200 mesh), obtain straw powder, take salinized soil with
Straw powder mixes, and wherein the mass ratio of straw powder and salinized soil is 1: 10, the mound of high 30cm is piled after mixing, according to 0.5%
Mass ratio spray EM fermentation liquid, temperature control at 25~30 DEG C, cultivate 240h-480h, obtain microorganism formulation, wherein EM
The preparation method of fermentation liquid are as follows: take EM calcium liquid 2%, glucose 2%, K2HPO40.4%, KH2PO40.2%, MgSO4·7H2O
0.05%, water 100mL, pH are 4~4.5, after mixing well, aerobic fermentation 7-15 days at a temperature of 25 DEG C, strain amount reaches 1 ×
109Cfu/mL or more, as the EM fermentation liquid；
(2) obtained microorganism formulation is mixed well with 10cm topsoil soils according to 1: 2 volume ratio, according to a conventional method
After fertilising, crop seedling is transplanted, the upper limit of irrigation quantity is field capacity.
(3) during plant growth, the EM fermentation liquid of primary 60 times of the dilution of sprinkling in every 7~15 days.
Wherein, EM engineering bacteria and molasses are bought from Nanjing Ai Mule Environmental Technology AS, PAM water-retaining agent, glucose,
K2HPO4, KKH2PO4, MgSO4·7H2O is purchased from market.
Two, the beach salty soil for being 5g/kg from Nantong coastal region acquisition salt content, crosses 2mm sieve, weighs after air-drying
50g soil in plastic cup, then weigh 2g above-mentioned steps (1) be made microbial product be put into cup, while setting be not added it is micro-
The processing of biological products is as control (CK).After added substance is mixed, 30mL distilled water is added, weighing is primary daily, continues
Two weeks.Measurement result shows to add the soil cumulative evaporation difference of its 1d, 3d and 14d of the beach salty soil of microbial product
For 0.30g/100g, 0.69g/100g and 11.32g/100g, and CK handles the soil cumulative evaporation difference of its 1d, 3d and 14d
For 3.745g/100g, 12.63g/100g and 43.16g/100g.The result shows that soil can be improved in microbial product of the invention
The effective water of earth and retentiveness save irrigation water, can also effectively improve the organic carbon and total nitrogen content of soil, improve soil matter
Amount, and then improve the yield and quality of crop.
Embodiment 2:
One, early-stage preparations:
(1) plant pulverizer (smashing fineness: 10-200 mesh) is added in crop material, obtains straw powder.
(2) it configures EM fermentation liquid: taking 5% EM stoste, 5% glucose, 0.4% K2HPO4, 0.5% KH2PO4,
0.1% MgSO4·7H2O, water 100mL, pH 4-4.5, after mixing well, aerobic fermentation 7-15 days at a temperature of 25 DEG C, bacterium
Kind amount reaches 1 × 109Cfu/mL, as the EM fermentation liquid.
Wherein, EM engineering bacteria and molasses are bought from Nanjing Ai Mule Environmental Technology AS, PAM water-retaining agent, glucose,
K2HPO4, KH2PO4, MgSO4·7H2O is purchased from market.
Two, field experiment:
In Dongtai, coastal region carries out field trial, and salt content is selected to be used as the salinized soil of 1.07g/kg for examination soil
Earth, soil pH 8.01, plot area 0.7hm2, cultivated crop is tomato.By the topsoil salinized soil (0-20cm) of 1/2 area
After mixing well with straw powder according to 1: 30 mass ratio, the mound of high about 50cm is piled, according to 2% mass ratio sprinkling EM hair
Zymotic fluid, temperature control is at 25-30 DEG C, incubation time 240h.By the soil after fermentation with unfermentable topsoil soils according to 1: 2
Volume ratio mix well, according to a conventional method apply fertilizer after, transplant crop seedling after, water-retaining agent dosage is respectively 2g/ plants, irrigation quantity
Bound be respectively that the field 70%-80% is held.During plant growth, every the EM fermentation liquid of primary 100 times of the dilution of sprinkling in 7 days.
This is S1 processing.
Equally, carry out field trial in Dongtai coastal region, select salt content for the salinized soil conduct of 3.21g/kg
For trying soil, soil pH 8.25, plot area and cultivated crop are same as above.By the topsoil salinized soil (0-20cm) of 1/2 area with
After straw powder is mixed well according to 1: 30 mass ratio, the mound of high about 50cm is piled, according to 2% mass ratio sprinkling EM fermentation
Liquid, temperature control is at 25-30 DEG C, incubation time 480h.By the soil after fermentation with unfermentable topsoil soils according to 1: 2
Volume ratio mixes well, and after applying fertilizer according to a conventional method, transplants crop seedling, water-retaining agent dosage is 10g/ plants, above and below irrigation quantity
Limit is respectively that the field 70%-80% is held.During plant growth, every the EM fermentation liquid of primary 100 times of the dilution of sprinkling in 15 days.This is S2
Processing.
In addition, only 2g/ plants and 10g/ plants PAM water-retaining agent of application are handled as P1 and P2 after to transplant tomato.Not add
Any preparation is as CK control treatment.After crop harvest, soil pH, crop yield are measured, and calculate irrigation water water utilization
Efficiency.
Measurement result shows as shown in table 1, the processing yield of CK control and microbial product be respectively 65947kg/ha and
70371kg/ha, water use efficiency are respectively 70.12kg/m3And 88.35kg/m3, soil pH is respectively 8.19 and 7.23, this
Show compared with CK control treatment, soil available water and retentiveness can be improved in microbial product of the invention, improves moisture
Utilization efficiency can also be effectively improved and adjust surface soil alkalinity and total organic carbon (organic matter), and then improve the yield and quality of crop.
In addition, compared with CK control, the soil pH of application water-retaining agent processing P1 and P2 shows to be retained without substantially changeing after crop harvest
Agent influences soil pH not significant.
Table 1
Note: water use efficiency=yield/irrigation quantity
In conclusion method of the invention can reduce the evaporation capacity of soil by the way that straw powder is added, particularly with sand
Effect it is more preferable；After being rich in the beneficial microbes such as actinomyces, saccharomycete, photosynthetic bacteria and microbial metabolism in EM fermentation liquid
Soil available water and retentiveness can be improved in the products such as the amino acid of generation, saves irrigation water；Meanwhile EM fermentation liquid is acid
Property, surface soil alkalinity can be neutralized, builds good environment for plant growth；EM fermentation liquid and stalk can effectively improve soil with applying
Organic carbon and total nitrogen content, improve soil quality.The crop planted using this method, yield and quality are all improved；Together
The agricultural wastes such as Shi Liyong stalk, raw material sources are extensive, low in cost, nontoxic, are avoided that chemical remediation agent to soil
Caused by secondary injury problem.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of method using stalk and microorganism improving littoral saline soil, which comprises the steps of:
(1) salinized soil is added in straw powder to mix, piles the mound of high 30cm~50cm, sprayed according to the mass ratio of 0.5%-2%
EM fermentation liquid, temperature are controlled at 25~30 DEG C, incubation time 240h -480h, obtain microorganism formulation, the straw powder with
The mass ratio of salinized soil is 1:5-30；
(2) it after transplanting crop in the transplanting soil of the microorganism formulation containing step (1) preparation, is applied in crop rhizosphere
PAM water-retaining agent, dosage are 2~10g/ plants；
(3) during plant growth, the EM fermentation liquid of primary 50-100 times of the dilution of sprinkling in every 7~15 days, the EM fermentation liquid by
The component of following mass percent: EM calcium liquid 1%-5%, glucose 1%-5%, K2HPO4 0.4%、KH2PO4 0.2%、MgSO4•7H2O
0.05%, water 89.35%-97.35%, pH 4-4.5, after mixing well, aerobic fermentation 7-15 days at a temperature of 25 DEG C, strain amount reaches
To 1 × 109Cfu/mL or more, as the EM fermentation liquid, wherein the manufacture craft of EM calcium liquid is by nano calcium oxide, EM
Engineering bacteria, molasses and water in 1:1:1:20 ratio, under the conditions of 30 DEG C, shaking speed 150-180rpm, 12 h of anaerobic fermentation,
Aerobic fermentation obtains after 24 hours again, and nano calcium oxide is partial size 30nm.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the straw powder is to add crop material in step (1)
Enter after plant pulverizer crushes and obtain, smashing fineness is 10-200 mesh.
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein the transplanting soil is microorganism formulation in step (2)
It is mixed well with 0 ~ 20cm topsoil soils according to the volume ratio of 1:1 ~ 5.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, being applied according to a conventional method to transplanting soil before transplanting crop
Fertilizer is irrigated after transplanting crop, and the upper limit of irrigation quantity is field capacity.
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| CN107987844A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-05-04 | 河海大学 | A kind of microorganism formulation of coastal reclamation area strongly salined soil quick desalination and preparation method thereof |
| CN108834463A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-11-20 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | A kind of coastal saline soil administering method significantly reducing crop Salt Strees Condition |
| CN109479425A (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2019-03-19 | 李华 | Waste dish direct returning to farmland fertilizing soil replacing fertilizer method |
| CN112189394A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2021-01-08 | 中农海稻(深圳)生物科技有限公司 | Three-dimensional improvement method for saline-alkali soil |
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| CN103922846B (en) * | 2014-04-21 | 2017-02-08 | 赵光 | Saline-alkali soil improvement method |
| CN104059671B (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2016-03-23 | 河海大学 | The secondary NO of facility 3-salty soils modifying agent, preparation method and modification method |
| CN104919931A (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2015-09-23 | 刘长生 | Saline land improvement method |
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