CN112189394A - Three-dimensional improvement method for saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Three-dimensional improvement method for saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN112189394A CN112189394A CN202010848464.3A CN202010848464A CN112189394A CN 112189394 A CN112189394 A CN 112189394A CN 202010848464 A CN202010848464 A CN 202010848464A CN 112189394 A CN112189394 A CN 112189394A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional improvement method for saline-alkali soil, which comprises the steps of separating microbial floras of saline-alkali soil, and directionally culturing the separated saline-alkali resistant microbial floras to obtain a high-activity saline-alkali resistant microbial agent; obtaining a decay microbial agent for accelerating the decomposition of organic matters; mixing the saline-alkali tolerant microbial agent and the decay microbial agent in a preset proportion to obtain a compound microbial agent; detecting trace elements in the saline-alkali soil; comparing the detection result with the trace elements required by normal growth of the saline-alkali tolerant rice to obtain the missing trace elements, and preparing the trace element supplement; uniformly distributing the compound microbial agent and the trace element supplement in the saline-alkali soil; planting saline-alkali tolerant rice in the saline-alkali soil; after the saline-alkali tolerant rice is harvested, the harvested straws are crushed and buried in the saline-alkali soil. The three-dimensional improvement method for the saline-alkali soil provided by the invention improves the improvement efficiency, does not cause secondary pollution to the soil and can generate certain benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a three-dimensional improvement method for saline-alkali soil.
Background
Saline-alkali soil is soil in which crops are difficult to grow after the concentration of soluble salts or exchangeable sodium ions in the soil reaches a certain degree, and can be divided into saline soil and salinized soil; the two main categories of alkaline earth and alkaline earth generally occur in arid areas where evaporation is greater than precipitation; and has geochemical conditions of salt and alkali accumulation.
The existing improvement measures are mainly classified into four categories, namely engineering measures, namely irrigation engineering is utilized for carrying out drainage and irrigation or saline-alkali soil is taken away and planting soil with small salt content is backfilled; secondly, agricultural measures are taken, organic fertilizer is additionally applied or mulching films are covered to reduce the evaporation of the earth surface; thirdly, biological measures are taken, plants are planted or microbial agents are applied; fourthly, chemical measures are taken, and chemical modifying agents are used.
Generally, the prior art is only put into type, and the improvement efficiency of engineering measures, agricultural measures and biological measures is low, and the improvement period is long; the chemical method is a method of treating symptoms and root causes, if the chemical method is not used continuously, the phenomenon of alkali return is easy to occur, and because the chemical method uses chemical products, the chemical products are deposited in soil and cannot be digested due to improper use, and secondary pollution of the soil can be caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-dimensional improvement method for saline-alkali soil, which reduces the capital investment, improves the improvement efficiency, does not cause secondary pollution to the soil and can generate certain benefits.
The invention discloses a three-dimensional improvement method for saline-alkali soil, which adopts the technical scheme that:
a three-dimensional improvement method for saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps: separating microbial flora of the saline-alkali soil, and directionally culturing the separated saline-alkali tolerant flora to obtain a high-activity saline-alkali tolerant microbial agent; obtaining a decay microbial agent for accelerating the decomposition of organic matters; mixing the saline-alkali tolerant microbial agent and the decay microbial agent in a preset proportion to obtain a compound microbial agent; detecting trace elements in the saline-alkali soil; comparing the detection result with the trace elements required by normal growth of the saline-alkali tolerant rice to obtain the missing trace elements, and preparing the trace element supplement; uniformly distributing the compound microbial agent and the trace element supplement in the saline-alkali soil; planting saline-alkali tolerant rice in the saline-alkali soil; after the saline-alkali tolerant rice is harvested, the harvested straws are crushed and buried in the saline-alkali soil.
Preferably, the saline-alkali tolerant microbial flora comprises at least one of halophilous unicellular bacteria, neisseria napelloides and bacillus.
As a preferred scheme, in the steps of separating the microbial flora in the saline-alkali soil and directionally culturing the separated saline-alkali tolerant flora to obtain the high-activity saline-alkali tolerant microbial agent, the method comprises the following steps: selecting representative sites of saline-alkali land blocks for sampling, and determining the pH value of a soil sample; preparing a liquid culture medium, sterilizing in an autoclave, and adjusting the initial pH value of the culture medium to be close to the pH value of the soil sample by using sterile NaOH after the sterilization is finished; inoculating saline-alkali soil into a culture medium, vibrating in the dark at constant temperature to perform primary acclimation of strains, sucking supernatant of the primary acclimation, placing in a new liquid culture medium, and performing secondary acclimation under the same condition; diluting the domesticated solution after at least two times of domestication, uniformly coating the diluted domesticated solution on a solid culture medium for separation, separating the mixed strains after multiple coatings to obtain a plurality of saline-alkali tolerant bacterial strains, and purifying the target bacterial strains by adopting a partition plate marking method; inoculating the purified bacteria into a yeast extract glucose liquid culture medium for culture, and stopping culture when the density OD600 value of the liquid culture bacteria reaches 0.6-0.8 to obtain a first-level seed solution; inoculating the primary seed liquid into a yeast extract glucose liquid culture medium for culture to obtain a secondary seed liquid; inoculating the secondary seed liquid into a glucose fermentation culture medium, and performing high-density fermentation culture to obtain the saline-alkali tolerant microbial community.
Preferably, the decay microbial flora comprises at least one of nitrobacteria, nitrosobacteria and bacillus subtilis.
Preferably, the decay microbial flora comprises nitrifying bacteria, nitrosobacteria and bacillus subtilis.
Preferably, the step of obtaining the decay microbial agent for accelerating the decomposition of the organic matters comprises the following steps: respectively inoculating nitrobacteria, nitrosobacteria and bacillus subtilis into a nitrifying solid culture medium, a nitrosobacteria solid culture medium and a beef extract peptone culture medium for culture, so as to fully activate the strains; respectively inoculating activated nitrifying bacteria, nitrosobacteria and bacillus subtilis into a nitrifying liquid culture medium, a nitrosobacteria culture medium and a beef extract peptone liquid culture medium for culture, and stopping culture when the density OD600 value of liquid culture bacteria reaches 0.6-0.8 to respectively obtain primary seed liquid; respectively inoculating the primary seed liquid of nitrobacteria, nitrosobacteria and bacillus subtilis into a nitrifying liquid culture medium, a nitrosobacteria culture medium and a beef extract peptone liquid culture medium for culture to respectively obtain secondary seed liquid; respectively inoculating the secondary seed liquid of nitrobacteria, nitrosobacteria and bacillus subtilis into a nitrofermentation culture medium, a nitrosobacteria fermentation culture medium and a bacillus subtilis fermentation culture medium, and performing high-density fermentation culture to obtain a microbial inoculum A, B, C; wherein the microbial inoculum A is a nitrifying bacterial agent, the microbial inoculum B is a nitrosating bacterial agent, and the microbial inoculum C is a bacillus subtilis microbial agent.
As a preferred scheme, before planting the saline-alkali tolerant rice in the saline-alkali soil, providing the beneficial flora of the saline-alkali tolerant rice root system, and uniformly distributing the beneficial flora of the saline-alkali tolerant rice root system in the saline-alkali soil.
The three-dimensional improvement method for the saline-alkali soil disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects that: through increasing compound microbial inoculant, microelement replenisher to the saline and alkaline land in to plant saline and alkaline tolerant rice, restructuring soil microecology, reinforcing soil self-regulation ability, bury the saline and alkaline land after smashing the straw of results in, soil bulk density reduces, and the porosity increases, is favorable to irrigation water to infiltrate and washes the salt. Organic acid generated by decomposition of the rice straws can neutralize the alkalinity of soil, increase the effective water of the soil and improve the desalting rate. The method reduces the capital investment, improves the improvement efficiency, does not cause secondary pollution to the soil, can obtain certain benefit while improving the soil, and gets rid of the problem of simple investment in the traditional treatment mode.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated and described with reference to specific examples:
a three-dimensional improvement method for saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
s100, separating the microbial flora in the saline-alkali soil, and directionally culturing the separated saline-alkali tolerant microbial flora to obtain the high-activity saline-alkali tolerant microbial agent.
The method comprises the following steps of:
s110, sampling representative sites of saline-alkali land blocks, and determining the pH value of a soil sample; preparing a liquid culture medium, sterilizing in an autoclave, and adjusting the initial pH value of the culture medium to be close to the pH value of the soil sample by using sterile NaOH after the sterilization is finished; inoculating saline-alkali soil into a culture medium, vibrating in the dark at constant temperature to perform primary acclimation of strains, sucking supernatant of the primary acclimation, placing in a new liquid culture medium, and performing secondary acclimation under the same condition; diluting the domesticated solution after at least two times of domestication, uniformly coating the diluted domesticated solution on a solid culture medium for separation, separating the mixed strains after multiple coatings to obtain a plurality of saline-alkali tolerant bacterial strains, and purifying the target bacterial strains by adopting a partition plate scribing method.
Specifically, 5g of saline-alkali soil is inoculated into 100mL of culture medium, acclimatization is carried out on the strain under the conditions of rotation speed of 175rpm and constant temperature of 30 ℃ in a dark place by shaking, after 48 hours, the supernatant is sucked and placed into a newly prepared 10mL of liquid culture medium, acclimatization is carried out again under the same conditions, and the culture is continued for 48 hours.
S120, inoculating the purified bacteria into a yeast extract glucose liquid culture medium for culture, and stopping culture when the density OD600 value of the liquid culture bacteria reaches 0.6-0.8 to obtain a first-level seed solution.
S130, inoculating the primary seed liquid into a yeast extract glucose liquid culture medium for culture to obtain a secondary seed liquid.
S140, inoculating the secondary seed liquid into a glucose fermentation culture medium, and performing high-density fermentation culture to obtain the saline-alkali tolerant microbial community.
The saline-alkali tolerant microbial flora comprises at least one of halophilic unicellular bacteria, Leersiella juncea and bacillus. Preferably, the saline-alkali tolerant microbial flora comprises halophilous unicellular bacteria, neisseria napelloides and bacillus.
After the bacterial strains are purified, acid production conditions are analyzed, a large amount of carbon sources (saline-alkali-tolerant rice straws) can be obtained, and a proper amount of nitrogen sources (trace element supplement carriers) and a small amount of inorganic salt can enable saline-alkali-tolerant microorganisms to have a good organic acid output effect in the growth process, so that the reduction of the soil salinization degree is facilitated.
S200, obtaining a decay microbial agent for accelerating organic matter decomposition.
Wherein the decay microbial flora comprises at least one of nitrobacteria, nitrosobacteria and bacillus subtilis. Preferably, the saprophytic microbial flora comprises nitrobacteria, nitrosobacteria and bacillus subtilis.
The preparation steps of the decay microbial agent of the preferred embodiment comprise:
s210, respectively inoculating the nitrifying bacteria, the nitrosobacteria and the bacillus subtilis into a nitrifying solid culture medium, a nitrosobacteria and a beef extract peptone culture medium for culture, so as to fully activate the strains.
S220, respectively inoculating the activated nitrifying bacteria, nitrosobacteria and bacillus subtilis into a nitrifying liquid culture medium, a nitrosobacteria culture medium and a beef extract peptone liquid culture medium for culture, and stopping culture when the density OD600 value of liquid culture bacteria reaches 0.6-0.8 to respectively obtain primary seed liquid.
S230, respectively inoculating the primary seed liquid of the nitrifying bacteria, the nitrosobacteria and the bacillus subtilis into a nitrifying liquid culture medium, a nitrosobacteria culture medium and a beef extract peptone culture medium for culture to respectively obtain secondary seed liquid.
S240, respectively inoculating the secondary seed liquid of the nitrobacteria, the nitrosobacteria and the bacillus subtilis into a nitrofermentation culture medium, a nitrosobacteria fermentation culture medium and a bacillus subtilis fermentation culture medium, and performing high-density fermentation culture to obtain a microbial inoculum A, B, C. Wherein the microbial inoculum A is a nitrifying bacterial agent, the microbial inoculum B is a nitrosating bacterial agent, and the microbial inoculum C is a bacillus subtilis microbial agent.
S300, mixing the saline-alkali tolerant microbial agent and the decay microbial agent in a preset ratio to obtain the compound microbial agent.
S400, detecting trace elements in the saline-alkali soil.
S500, comparing the detection result with trace elements required by normal growth of the saline-alkali tolerant rice to obtain the missing trace elements, and preparing the trace element supplement. Wherein the microelement replenisher mainly comprises zinc sulfate heptahydrate and vesuvianite micropowder (specific surface area 300 m)2Per kg), according to the zinc sulfate heptahydrate micro powder: the mass ratio of the vesuvianite micro powder is 1: 5, mixing.
S600, uniformly distributing the microbial agent and the trace element supplement in the saline-alkali soil.
S700, planting saline-alkali tolerant rice in the saline-alkali soil. Wherein, the saline-alkali tolerant rice is a special rice variety which can grow on medium and heavy saline-alkali soil. It has five excellent stress resistances of drought resistance, waterlogging resistance, insect resistance, disease resistance and salt and alkali resistance. The planting of the organic fertilizer can increase organic matters for saline-alkali soil and provide a survival carrier for microorganisms in the soil. Meanwhile, the nutrient content of the seawater rice straw reaches the national high-quality forage standard, the produced rice is higher than that of common rice varieties in the content of total dietary fiber, protein and partial trace elements, the quality is excellent, the nutritional value is high, and the economic value is good. The saline-alkali tolerant rice can select high-resistance grass rice varieties H86 and CH29A, medium-high-resistance saline-alkali tolerant rice varieties HD28A or conventional saline-alkali tolerant rice varieties HD19A according to the saline-alkali degree of saline-alkali soil.
S800, after the saline-alkali tolerant rice is harvested, the harvested straws are smashed and buried in the saline-alkali soil. The straws are returned to the field after the rice is harvested, and the volume weight of the soil is reduced by 0.37g/cm3The porosity is increased by about 15 percent, which is beneficial to the irrigation water to permeate and wash salt. Organic acid generated by decomposing rice straws can neutralize soil alkalinity, increase soil effective water by 2-3% and realize a desalination rate of 46-73%.
Before planting the saline-alkali tolerant rice in the saline-alkali soil, providing a beneficial flora of the saline-alkali tolerant rice root system, and uniformly distributing the beneficial flora of the saline-alkali tolerant rice root system in the saline-alkali soil. The flora structure in the soil is rapidly improved by being matched with the planting of the seawater rice, and the soil improvement efficiency is improved. By taking the sea rice as a core, utilizing the excellent resistance of different strains of the sea rice and matching with a microbial agent and a trace element supplement, the soil is effectively activated, the soil micro-ecology is synergistically reconstructed, the self-regulation capability of the soil environment is enhanced, and virtuous circle is gradually achieved. After two to three years of sea rice planting, the salinity can be reduced by more than 70%, the soil is improved to a state that conventional crops can grow, and meanwhile, the harvested straws or rice can form benefits.
According to the three-dimensional improvement method for the saline-alkali soil, disclosed by the invention, the compound microbial agent and the trace element supplement are added into the saline-alkali soil, the saline-alkali resistant rice is planted, the soil micro-ecology is reconstructed, the self-regulation capacity of the soil is enhanced, the harvested straws are crushed and then buried into the saline-alkali soil, the soil volume weight is reduced, the porosity is increased, and the infiltration and salt washing of irrigation water are facilitated. Organic acid generated by decomposition of the rice straws can neutralize the alkalinity of soil, increase the effective water of the soil and improve the desalting rate. The method reduces the capital investment, improves the improvement efficiency, does not cause secondary pollution to the soil, can obtain certain benefit while improving the soil, and gets rid of the problem of simple investment in the traditional treatment mode.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A three-dimensional improvement method for saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
separating microbial flora of the saline-alkali soil, and directionally culturing the separated saline-alkali tolerant flora to obtain a high-activity saline-alkali tolerant microbial agent;
obtaining a decay microbial agent for accelerating the decomposition of organic matters;
mixing the saline-alkali tolerant microbial agent and the decay microbial agent in a preset proportion to obtain a compound microbial agent;
detecting trace elements in the saline-alkali soil;
comparing the detection result with the trace elements required by normal growth of the saline-alkali tolerant rice to obtain the missing trace elements, and preparing the trace element supplement;
uniformly distributing the compound microbial agent and the trace element supplement in the saline-alkali soil;
planting saline-alkali tolerant rice in the saline-alkali soil;
after the saline-alkali tolerant rice is harvested, the harvested straws are crushed and buried in the saline-alkali soil.
2. The method for three-dimensional improvement of saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the saline-alkali tolerant microbial flora comprises at least one of halophil unicellular bacteria, neisseria napelloides and bacillus.
3. The three-dimensional improvement method for saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of separating the microbial flora in the saline-alkali soil, and directionally culturing the separated saline-alkali resistant flora to obtain the high-activity saline-alkali resistant microbial agent:
selecting representative sites of saline-alkali land blocks for sampling, and determining the pH value of a soil sample; preparing a liquid culture medium, sterilizing in an autoclave, and adjusting the initial pH value of the culture medium to be close to the pH value of the soil sample by using sterile NaOH after the sterilization is finished; inoculating saline-alkali soil into a culture medium, vibrating in the dark at constant temperature to perform primary acclimation of strains, sucking supernatant of the primary acclimation, placing in a new liquid culture medium, and performing secondary acclimation under the same condition; diluting the domesticated solution after at least two times of domestication, uniformly coating the diluted domesticated solution on a solid culture medium for separation, separating the mixed strains after multiple coatings to obtain a plurality of saline-alkali tolerant bacterial strains, and purifying the target bacterial strains by adopting a partition plate marking method;
inoculating the purified bacteria into a yeast extract glucose liquid culture medium for culture, and stopping culture when the density OD600 value of the liquid culture bacteria reaches 0.6-0.8 to obtain a first-level seed solution;
inoculating the primary seed liquid into a yeast extract glucose liquid culture medium for culture to obtain a secondary seed liquid;
inoculating the secondary seed liquid into a glucose fermentation culture medium, and performing high-density fermentation culture to obtain the saline-alkali tolerant microbial community.
4. The method for three-dimensional improvement of saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the decay microbial flora comprises at least one of nitrobacteria, nitrosobacteria and bacillus subtilis.
5. The method for three-dimensional improvement of saline-alkali soil according to claim 4, wherein the decay microbial flora comprises nitrifying bacteria, nitrosobacteria and bacillus subtilis.
6. The three-dimensional saline-alkali soil improvement method according to claim 4, wherein the step of obtaining the decay microbial agent for accelerating organic matter decomposition comprises the following steps:
respectively inoculating nitrobacteria, nitrosobacteria and bacillus subtilis into a nitrifying solid culture medium, a nitrosobacteria solid culture medium and a beef extract peptone culture medium for culture, so as to fully activate the strains;
respectively inoculating activated nitrifying bacteria, nitrosobacteria and bacillus subtilis into a nitrifying liquid culture medium, a nitrosobacteria culture medium and a beef extract peptone liquid culture medium for culture, and stopping culture when the density OD600 value of liquid culture bacteria reaches 0.6-0.8 to respectively obtain primary seed liquid;
respectively inoculating the primary seed liquid of nitrobacteria, nitrosobacteria and bacillus subtilis into a nitrifying liquid culture medium, a nitrosobacteria culture medium and a beef extract peptone liquid culture medium for culture to respectively obtain secondary seed liquid;
respectively inoculating the secondary seed liquid of nitrobacteria, nitrosobacteria and bacillus subtilis into a nitrofermentation culture medium, a nitrosobacteria fermentation culture medium and a bacillus subtilis fermentation culture medium, and performing high-density fermentation culture to obtain a microbial inoculum A, B, C; wherein the microbial inoculum A is a nitrifying bacterial agent, the microbial inoculum B is a nitrosating bacterial agent, and the microbial inoculum C is a bacillus subtilis microbial agent.
7. The method for three-dimensional improvement of saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein before planting the saline-alkali tolerant rice in the saline-alkali soil, providing beneficial flora of root system of the saline-alkali tolerant rice, and uniformly distributing the beneficial flora of root system of the saline-alkali tolerant rice in the saline-alkali soil.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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