CN111662844A - Salt-tolerant compound microbial agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Salt-tolerant compound microbial agent and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a salt-tolerant compound microbial agent and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of soil remediation and improvement. The compound microbial agent is prepared by carrying out amplification culture on bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus megaterium, paracoccus denitrificans, lactobacillus buchneri and candida and then mixing and symbiotic culture according to a proportion, and after the compound microbial agent is applied to soil of saline-alkali soil, the alkalinity of the soil is effectively reduced, the water permeability, water retention and air permeability of the soil are enhanced, the rapid growth of a root system is promoted, and the yield can be effectively improved according to the wheat yield statistics. Meanwhile, the preparation method of the compound microbial agent is simple, and the obtained compound microbial agent is a powdery microbial agent, is convenient to store and transport, has low cost and has good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil remediation and improvement, in particular to a salt-tolerant compound microbial agent and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The saline-alkali land in China has wide area, which occupies more than 10% of the cultivated land area, the east coast saline-alkali land is mainly caused by the action of seawater, the northern plain saline-alkali land is mainly caused by improper regulation and control of water resources and excessive irrigation, the northeast arid regions and the northwest inland arid regions are mainly caused by excessive grazing of several human beings due to natural factors, and if the saline-alkali land can be effectively improved and utilized to plant grain crops, the method has great strategic significance for improving the total grain yield in China.
At present, the measures for treating the saline-alkali soil mainly comprise the following methods: establishing a perfect irrigation and drainage system, separating irrigation and drainage, enhancing water management, strictly controlling the water level of underground water, continuously leaching and removing salt in soil by irrigation flushing, flood diversion, silt discharge and the like; improvement of agricultural technology: the soil composition and structure are improved through deep ploughing, land leveling, additional soil filling, grass covering, silt turning, sand covering, organic fertilizer application and the like, the soil permeability is enhanced, and salt leaching is accelerated; chemical improvement: modifying agents such as gypsum, black alum and the like are applied to alkaline earth, alkaline soil and soda saline soil, so that the alkaline content of the soil is reduced or eliminated, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved; biological improvement of agricultural crops: planting and turning over green manure forage grass, returning straw to the field, planting salt-tolerant plants, planting trees and forestation and the like, improving soil fertility, improving soil structure, improving field microclimate, reducing water evaporation on the ground surface, and inhibiting salt return. However, the saline-alkali soil treatment measures have the defects of serious saline-alkali soil salt return phenomenon, poor saline-alkali soil improvement effect and low speed, so that the traditional improvement mode has unobvious effect, the existing method for applying the microbial fertilizer can effectively improve the saline-alkali soil, but the existing microbial agent has poor salt tolerance, cannot survive in the saline-alkali soil for a long time, and has limited saline-alkali soil improvement effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a salt-tolerant compound microbial agent and a preparation method thereof, which can enable the compound microbial agent to adapt to the environment of saline-alkali soil, survive for a long time and improve the saline-alkali soil in successive years.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a salt-tolerant compound microbial agent comprises the following components in parts by weight:
20-50 parts of bacillus subtilis, 20-60 parts of bacillus cereus, 10-40 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 20-40 parts of bacillus megaterium, 10-30 parts of paracoccus denitrificans, 15-30 parts of lactobacillus buchneri and 20-40 parts of candida;
as further optimization of the technical scheme of the invention, the salt-tolerant compound microbial agent comprises the following components in parts by weight:
30-40 parts of bacillus subtilis, 30-45 parts of bacillus cereus, 20-30 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 30-35 parts of bacillus megaterium, 15-24 parts of paracoccus denitrificans, 20-26 parts of lactobacillus buchneri and 28-36 parts of candida;
as further optimization of the technical scheme of the invention, the salt-tolerant compound microbial agent comprises the following components in parts by weight:
bacillus subtilis 35, bacillus cereus 38, bacillus amyloliquefaciens 26, bacillus megaterium 32, paracoccus denitrificans 20, lactobacillus buchneri 24 and candida 30;
the inventor repeatedly verifies that antagonistic circles do not appear on the symbiotic plate among the strains through a microbial plate antagonistic test, which indicates that antagonistic action does not exist among the strains and the strains can be mixed for use.
As further optimization of the technical scheme of the invention, the total effective viable count in the compound microbial agent is 1 × 109~4×109CFU/mL。
As further optimization of the technical scheme of the invention, the preparation method of the salt-tolerant compound microbial agent comprises the following steps:
step A, activation culture: respectively inoculating each strain in the salt-tolerant compound microbial agent to a solid culture medium, and culturing for 30-50 h at 28-34 ℃ for strain activation;
step B, amplification culture: respectively inoculating the strains activated in the step A into a liquid culture medium in a sterile environment to obtain single-strain suspension, placing the single-strain suspension in a constant-temperature water bath shaker, setting the temperature to be 28-34 ℃, culturing for 24-36 h under the condition of 140-180 r/min, detecting the OD600 value of the single-strain suspension, continuously culturing for 24-36 h in the original environment when the OD600 of the single-strain suspension is less than 3, and stopping culturing when the OD600 of the single-strain suspension is more than or equal to 3 to obtain an amplified culture seed solution;
c, mixed culture, namely diluting each strain in the seed solution obtained in the step B to 4 × 10 in an aseptic environment8And (3) inoculating the CFU/mL strain to a mixed culture medium according to the weight part ratio of each strain, and performing mixed fermentation culture for 24 hours at the temperature of 28-34 ℃ to obtain the compound microbial agent.
Step D, preparing solid bacterial powder: and centrifuging the obtained composite microorganism culture solution, collecting the precipitate, and drying to obtain the composite microorganism powder.
As a further optimization of the technical scheme of the invention, the inoculation amount of each strain in the step C is 2-3% by mass.
As further optimization of the technical scheme of the invention, the solid culture medium comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10-12 parts of peptone, 8-15 parts of beef extract, 3-5 parts of polypeptide bio-enzyme, 10-22 parts of agar, 1-2 parts of bone protein powder, dissolving with deionized water, adjusting the pH value to 7-8, and sterilizing at 115-121 ℃ for 30 min.
As further optimization of the technical scheme of the invention, the liquid culture medium comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10-12 parts of glucose, 8-15 parts of beef extract, 1-2 parts of bone protein powder, and K2HPO40.3~0.5,NaCl0.5~0.7,MgSO4·7H2Dissolving O in deionized water of 0.4-0.5, adjusting the pH value to 7-8, and sterilizing at 115-121 ℃ for 30 min.
As further optimization of the technical scheme of the invention, the mixed culture medium comprises the raw materials for preparation according to the mass ratio and the preparation thereofThe method comprises the following steps: 10-12 parts of glucose, 1-2 parts of yeast extract and K2HPO40.3~0.5,KH2PO40.4~0.5,NaHCO30.5-0.7, dissolving with deionized water, and adjusting the pH value to 7-8.
As the further optimization of the technical scheme of the invention, the pH regulator adopts citric acid with the mass fraction of 0.1% or potassium hydroxide with the mass fraction of 0.1%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the compound microbial agent is prepared by adopting a method of mixed symbiotic culture of a plurality of microbial strains, the completeness of microbial degradation is kept in the culture process, the diversity of functional microbes is ensured, the compound microbial agent is more easily adapted to different saline-alkali soil, the compound microbial agent contains higher viable count, so that a high-activity metabolite is contained, after the compound microbial agent is applied to the soil of the saline-alkali soil, microbial flora in the soil can be effectively increased, organic matters are quickly decomposed for plants to absorb and utilize, and the generated organic acid can effectively neutralize alkali in the soil, so that the alkalinity of the soil is effectively reduced, the water permeability, the water retention and the air permeability of the soil are enhanced, the rapid growth of a root system is promoted, and the yield can be effectively improved according to the statistics of wheat yield. Meanwhile, the preparation method of the compound microbial agent is simple, and the obtained compound microbial agent is a powdery microbial agent, is convenient to store and transport, has low cost and has good application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the trend of organic matter content in soil of various groups of years in a control group of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a salt-tolerant compound microbial agent comprises the following components in parts by weight:
bacillus subtilis 20, bacillus cereus 20, bacillus amyloliquefaciens 40, bacillus megaterium 40, paracoccus denitrificans 10, lactobacillus buchneri 15 and candida 40.
The preparation steps of the salt-tolerant compound microbial agent in the embodiment are as follows:
step A, activation culture: respectively inoculating each strain in the salt-tolerant compound microbial agent to a solid culture medium, and culturing for 36h at 28 ℃ for strain activation;
step B, amplification culture: respectively inoculating the strains activated in the step A into a liquid culture medium in a sterile environment to obtain single-strain suspension, placing the single-strain suspension in a constant-temperature water bath shaker, setting the temperature to be 28 ℃, culturing for 36h under the condition of 140r/min, detecting the OD600 value of the single-strain suspension, continuously culturing for 36h under the original environment when the OD600 of the single-strain suspension is less than 3, and stopping culturing when the OD600 of the single-strain suspension is more than or equal to 3 to obtain an amplified culture seed solution;
c, mixed culture, namely diluting each strain in the seed solution obtained in the step B to 4 × 10 in an aseptic environment8And (3) inoculating the CFU/mL strain to a mixed culture medium according to the weight part ratio of each strain, and performing mixed fermentation culture for 24 hours at the temperature of 28 ℃ to obtain the compound microbial agent.
Step D, preparing solid bacterial powder: and centrifuging the obtained composite microorganism culture solution, collecting the precipitate, and drying to obtain the composite microorganism powder.
The total effective viable count of the compound microbial agent obtained in the embodiment is 1.6 × 109CFU/mL。
Example two:
a salt-tolerant compound microbial agent comprises the following components in parts by weight:
50 parts of bacillus subtilis, 60 parts of bacillus cereus, 10 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 20 parts of bacillus megaterium, 30 parts of paracoccus denitrificans, 30 parts of lactobacillus buchneri and 20 parts of candida.
The preparation steps of the salt-tolerant compound microbial agent in the embodiment are as follows:
step A, activation culture: respectively inoculating each strain in the salt-tolerant compound microbial agent to a solid culture medium, and culturing for 40h in an environment at 30 ℃ to activate the strain;
step B, amplification culture: respectively inoculating the strains activated in the step A into a liquid culture medium in a sterile environment to obtain single-strain suspension, placing the single-strain suspension in a constant-temperature water bath shaker, setting the temperature to be 30 ℃, culturing for 30 hours under the condition of 160r/min, detecting the OD600 value of the single-strain suspension, continuously culturing for 30 hours in the original environment when the OD600 of the single-strain suspension is less than 3, and stopping culturing when the OD600 of the single-strain suspension is more than or equal to 3 to obtain an amplified culture seed solution;
c, mixed culture, namely diluting each strain in the seed solution obtained in the step B to 4 × 10 in an aseptic environment8And (3) inoculating the CFU/mL strains to a mixed culture medium according to the weight part ratio of each strain, and performing mixed fermentation culture for 24 hours at the temperature of 30 ℃ to obtain the compound microbial agent.
Step D, preparing solid bacterial powder: and centrifuging the obtained composite microorganism culture solution, collecting the precipitate, and drying to obtain the composite microorganism powder.
The total effective viable count of the compound microbial agent obtained in the embodiment is 2.2 × 109CFU/mL。
Example three:
a salt-tolerant compound microbial agent comprises the following components in parts by weight:
bacillus subtilis 35, Bacillus cereus 38, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 26, Bacillus megaterium 32, Paracoccus denitrificans 20, Lactobacillus buchneri 24 and Candida 30.
The preparation steps of the salt-tolerant compound microbial agent in the embodiment are as follows:
step A, activation culture: respectively inoculating each strain in the salt-tolerant compound microbial agent to a solid culture medium, and culturing for 48 hours at 34 ℃ for strain activation;
step B, amplification culture: respectively inoculating the strains activated in the step A into a liquid culture medium in a sterile environment to obtain single-strain suspension, placing the single-strain suspension in a constant-temperature water bath shaker, setting the temperature to be 32 ℃, culturing for 36h under the condition of 180r/min, detecting the OD600 value of the single-strain suspension, continuously culturing for 36h under the original environment when the OD600 of the single-strain suspension is less than 3, and stopping culturing when the OD600 of the single-strain suspension is more than or equal to 3 to obtain an amplified culture seed solution;
c, mixed culture, namely diluting each strain in the seed solution obtained in the step B to 4 × 10 in an aseptic environment8And (3) inoculating the CFU/mL strains to a mixed culture medium according to the weight part ratio of each strain, and performing mixed fermentation culture for 24 hours at the temperature of 32 ℃ to obtain the compound microbial agent.
Step D, preparing solid bacterial powder: and centrifuging the obtained composite microorganism culture solution, collecting the precipitate, and drying to obtain the composite microorganism powder.
The total effective viable count of the compound microbial agent obtained in the embodiment is 2.8 × 109CFU/mL。
The application case is as follows:
the saline-alkali soil in the central sub-street jurisdiction in the middle of the coastal economic development area of the Weifang city is selected and used as bacterial manure to plant winter wheat, the soil in the saline-alkali soil is sandy soil, the proportion of fine powder and sand is high, and the water and fertilizer retention capacity is poor.
Firstly, detecting the pH value, the salt content and the water content of soil of a control group, a test group and a test group, sampling each group according to a 5-point diagonal method, taking a soil surface layer (0-30 cm) sample by using a soil auger, mixing the soil collected in each group into a soil sample, removing impurities such as animal and plant residues from the sample, removing redundant soil samples by a quartering method, air-drying, grinding and screening the sample, bagging for later use, and testing the parameters of physical and chemical analysis of the soil according to soil agricultural chemical analysis (third edition) compiled by Boston's Main.
In addition, a soil organic matter tester is adopted to detect the content of organic matters in the four groups of soil.
The fertilization scheme is as follows:
control group:
base fertilizer/mu: 1700 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer (N-P)2O5~K218-15-10) 25 kg of O;
topdressing/mu (green turning period to jointing period): compound fertilizer (N-P)2O5~K218-15-10) 10 kg of O and 12 kg of urea.
One set of experiments was:
base fertilizer/mu: 1700 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer (N-P)2O5~K218-15-10) 22 kg of compound microbial agent, and 3 kg of compound microbial agent in the embodiment of the invention;
topdressing/mu (green turning period to jointing period): compound fertilizer (N-P)2O5~K218-15-10) 10 kg of O, 11 kg of urea and 1 kg of a compound microbial agent in the embodiment of the invention.
Two groups of experiments were performed:
base fertilizer/mu: 1700 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer (N-P)2O5~K218-15-10) 22 kg of O, and 3 kg of compound microbial agent in the second embodiment of the invention;
topdressing/mu (green turning period to jointing period): compound fertilizer (N-P)2O5~K218-15-10) 10 kg of O, 11 kg of urea and 1 kg of compound microbial agent in the second embodiment of the invention.
Three groups were tested:
base fertilizer/mu: 1700 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer (N-P)2O5~K218-15-10) 22 kg of O, and 3 kg of compound microbial agent in the second embodiment of the invention;
topdressing/mu (green turning period to jointing period): compound fertilizer (N-P)2O5~K218-15-10) 10 kg of O, 11 kg of urea and 1 kg of compound microbial agent in the third embodiment of the invention.
The control group and each test group respectively use the fertilization scheme to continuously plant wheat for three years, and respectively detect the seedling emergence rate, the tiller-stage leaf number and the acre yield of each year of the control group and each test group, the pH value of the soil after harvesting and returning straws to the field, the salt content of the soil, the water content of the soil and the content of organic matters in the soil.
The results for each group are as follows:
comparing the results, it can be seen that the average value of the emergence rate, the number of wheat leaves and the yield per mu of each group tested are obviously greater than those of the control group in each year, which shows that the compound microbial inoculum in each embodiment of the invention can obviously improve the emergence rate, the tiller number and the yield per mu of wheat.
In addition, analysis of the pH and the salt content of the soil of each year shows that the pH and the salt content of the soil of each year of each group are lower than the corresponding values of the control group, which indicates that the compound microbial agent in each embodiment of the invention can effectively reduce the pH and the salt content of the soil, and further effectively restore the saline-alkali soil.
The analysis of the water content in the soil shows that the water content of each group in each year is obviously greater than that of the control group, and the water-retaining rate of the saline-alkali soil can be obviously improved by the compound microbial agent in each embodiment of the invention due to the fact that the control group and the experimental group are fields in the same area and the precipitation conditions are consistent.
The organic matter content of the soil in each year was analyzed, and as shown in fig. 1, it can be seen that the organic matter content of each test group was higher than that of the control group. With respect to the organic matter content of each group tested, there was a small increase in the organic matter content of the soil in the first year relative to the initial value, indicating that the composite microbial agents of the embodiments of the present invention can significantly increase the organic matter content of the soil. The organic matter content of each group in the second year is greatly increased relative to that in the first year in the experiment, the first reason is that the wheat is harvested and the straws are returned to the field and decomposed into organic matters under the action of abundant microbial floras in the soil, and the second reason is that the salt content of the soil is reduced to be below 0.15 percent after the second year, and at the moment, the process of decomposing the straws into the organic matters is not limited by salt any more, so that the decomposition is more sufficient.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art; where combinations of features are mutually inconsistent or impractical, such combinations should not be considered as being absent and not within the scope of the claimed invention.
Claims (10)
1. The salt-tolerant compound microbial agent is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
20-50 parts of bacillus subtilis, 20-60 parts of bacillus cereus, 10-40 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 20-40 parts of bacillus megaterium, 10-30 parts of paracoccus denitrificans, 15-30 parts of lactobacillus buchneri and 20-40 parts of candida.
2. The salt-tolerant composite microbial inoculant according to claim 1, comprising the following components in parts by weight:
30-40 parts of bacillus subtilis, 30-45 parts of bacillus cereus, 20-30 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 30-35 parts of bacillus megaterium, 15-24 parts of paracoccus denitrificans, 20-26 parts of lactobacillus buchneri and 28-36 parts of candida.
3. The salt-tolerant composite microbial inoculant according to claim 1, comprising the following components in parts by weight:
bacillus subtilis 35, Bacillus cereus 38, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 26, Bacillus megaterium 32, Paracoccus denitrificans 20, Lactobacillus buchneri 24 and Candida 30.
4. The salt-tolerant complex microbial inoculant according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the total content of the complex microbial inoculantThe effective viable count is 1 × 109~4×109CFU/mL。
5. The preparation method of the salt-tolerant complex microbial inoculant according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
step A, activation culture: respectively inoculating each strain in the salt-tolerant compound microbial agent to a solid culture medium, and culturing for 30-50 h at 28-34 ℃ for strain activation;
step B, amplification culture: respectively inoculating the strains activated in the step A into a liquid culture medium in a sterile environment to obtain single-strain suspension, placing the single-strain suspension in a constant-temperature water bath shaker, setting the temperature to be 28-34 ℃, culturing for 24-36 h under the condition of 140-180 r/min, detecting the OD600 value of the single-strain suspension, continuously culturing for 24-36 h in the original environment when the OD600 of the single-strain suspension is less than 3, and stopping culturing when the OD600 of the single-strain suspension is more than or equal to 3 to obtain an amplified culture seed solution;
c, mixed culture, namely diluting each strain in the seed solution obtained in the step B to 4 × 10 in an aseptic environment8And (3) inoculating the CFU/mL strain to a mixed culture medium according to the weight part ratio of each strain, and performing mixed fermentation culture for 24 hours at the temperature of 28-34 ℃ to obtain the compound microbial agent.
Step D, preparing solid bacterial powder: and centrifuging the obtained composite microorganism culture solution, collecting the precipitate, and drying to obtain the composite microorganism powder.
6. The preparation method of the salt-tolerant complex microbial inoculant according to claim 5, wherein the salt-tolerant complex microbial inoculant comprises the following steps: and C, the inoculation amount of each strain in the step C is 2-3% by mass.
7. The preparation method of the salt-tolerant composite microbial inoculant according to claim 5, wherein the solid culture medium comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10-12 parts of peptone, 8-15 parts of beef extract, 3-5 parts of polypeptide bio-enzyme, 10-22 parts of agar, 1-2 parts of bone protein powder, dissolving with deionized water, adjusting the pH value to 7-8, and sterilizing at 115-121 ℃ for 30 min.
8. The preparation method of the salt-tolerant composite microbial inoculant according to claim 5, wherein the liquid culture medium comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10-12 parts of glucose, 8-15 parts of beef extract, 1-2 parts of bone protein powder, and K2HPO40.3~0.5,NaCl 0.5~0.7,MgSO4·7H2Dissolving O in deionized water of 0.4-0.5, adjusting the pH value to 7-8, and sterilizing at 115-121 ℃ for 30 min.
9. The preparation method of the salt-tolerant composite microbial inoculant according to claim 5, wherein the raw materials and the preparation method of the mixed culture medium according to the mass ratio are as follows: 10-12 parts of glucose, 1-2 parts of yeast extract and K2HPO40.3~0.5,KH2PO40.4~0.5,NaHCO30.5-0.7, dissolving with deionized water, and adjusting the pH value to 7-8.
10. The preparation method of the salt-tolerant complex microbial inoculant according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the pH regulator adopts 0.1% of citric acid or 0.1% of potassium hydroxide by mass fraction.
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