CN105979961A - 用于治疗癌症和感染性疾病的方法和组合物 - Google Patents
用于治疗癌症和感染性疾病的方法和组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及包含CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂的组合物;以及使用所述组合物来治疗、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展的方法。本发明还涉及CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂和至少一种其它药剂的组合用于治疗、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展的用途。所述其它药剂可以是免疫检查点抑制剂、过继免疫治疗剂、免疫佐剂或免疫调节剂或其组合。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及分子免疫学和细胞生物学。本文具体描述了使用单独CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂或与免疫检查点抑制剂、过继免疫治疗剂、免疫佐剂或免疫调节剂中的任何一种或多种组合来治疗癌症或感染性疾病的组合物和方法。
背景技术
本文中所引用的所有出版物均通过引用整体并入,其程度就如同每个单独的出版物或专利申请被明确地和单独地指定为通过引用并入一样。以下描述包括可以用于理解本发明的信息。这并不是承认本文所提供的任何信息是现有技术或与目前要求保护的发明相关,或明确或隐含地引用的任何出版物是现有技术。
免疫系统可以提供针对癌症的保护。有效的免疫刺激产生持久的记忆淋巴细胞,其能够对重复抗原激发快速地作出应答。表达CD4的淋巴细胞包括辅助性T细胞和调节性T细胞。辅助性T细胞对于增加过继免疫反应是关键的。然而,调节性T细胞(Treg)抑制细胞毒性T细胞的功能并且通常用于限制免疫反应。因此,CD4耗竭被评价为用于消除Treg活性的策略。虽然CD4淋巴细胞中只有一小部分是Treg细胞,但CD4耗竭仍然是用于消耗Treg活性的有效方法,并且重要的是,它具有快速转变到临床使用的潜力。人源化CD4耗竭抗体已经在自身免疫病症的临床试验中被评价为抑制免疫系统的策略。然而,本文所描述的是使用CD4淋巴细胞耗竭抗体来刺激免疫系统。本文提供了针对受试者中的癌症和感染性疾病的疗法,所述疗法是通过将CD4+淋巴细胞的耗竭与免疫检查点抑制剂、过继免疫治疗剂、免疫佐剂和免疫调节剂或其组合中的任何一种或多种组合。
发明内容
本发明的各个实施方案提供用于治疗、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展的方法。所述方法包括提供包含CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂的组合物和向受试者施用治疗有效量的该组合物,从而治疗、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展。
本发明的各个实施方案提供用于治疗、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展的方法。所述方法包括提供CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂和选自由免疫检查点抑制剂、过继免疫治疗剂、免疫佐剂和免疫调节剂组成的组的至少一种其它药剂;以及向受试者施用治疗有效量的CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂和治疗有效量的免疫检查点抑制剂、过继免疫治疗剂、免疫佐剂和免疫调节剂中的至少一种,从而治疗、预防受试者中的病状、减轻严重程度和/或减缓其进展。在一些实施方案中,所述方法进一步包括施用治疗有效量的mTOR抑制剂。
本发明的各个实施方案提供用于治疗、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展的方法。所述方法包括提供CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂和过继免疫治疗剂(例如,树突细胞(DC)疫苗)以及施用治疗有效量的CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂和治疗有效量的过继免疫治疗剂,从而治疗、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展。
本发明的各个实施方案提供用于治疗、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展的方法。所述方法包括提供CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂和检查点抑制剂(例如,抗PD-1抗体)和施用治疗有效量的CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂和治疗有效量的检查点抑制剂,从而治疗、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展。
本发明的各个实施方案提供用于治疗、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展的方法。所述方法包括提供CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂、树突细胞(DC)疫苗和mTOR抑制剂以及施用有效量的CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂、树突细胞疫苗和mTOR抑制剂中的每一种,从而治疗、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展。
本发明的各个实施方案提供包含CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂的药物组合物。另外的实施方案提供包含免疫检查点抑制剂、过继免疫治疗剂、免疫佐剂和免疫调节剂中的任一种的药物组合物。
本发明的各个实施方案提供用于治疗、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展的试剂盒。所述试剂盒包括CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂和关于使用组合物来治疗、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展的说明书。
本发明的各个实施方案提供用于治疗、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展的试剂盒。所述试剂盒包括CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂以及免疫检查点抑制剂、过继免疫治疗剂、免疫佐剂和免疫调节剂中的至少一种。所述试剂盒进一步包括关于使用CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂以及免疫检查点抑制剂、过继免疫治疗剂、免疫佐剂和免疫调节剂中的至少一种来治疗、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展的说明书。
在各个实施方案中,所述病状是癌症。在示例性的实施方案中,癌症可以是肾癌、黑色素瘤、前列腺癌、乳腺癌、胶质母细胞瘤、肺癌、结肠癌或膀胱癌中的任一种。在一些实施方案中,所述病状是感染性疾病。
本发明的各种方法、组合物和试剂盒可用于治疗癌症或感染性疾病。在示例性实施方案中,本发明的方法、组合物和试剂盒可用于治疗恶性赘生细胞增生性病症或疾病的某些子集,包括但不限于癌和黑色素瘤。在示例性实施方案中,癌包括肾细胞癌。
附图说明
在参照图中说明了示例性实施方案。希望本文所公开的实施方案和附图将被认为是说明性的而非限制性的。
图1根据本发明的各个实施方案描绘了存在mTOR抑制的免疫刺激和抑制作用二者;然而净效应是增强的抗肿瘤免疫。(a)黑色素瘤肿瘤预防模型的实验方案:小鼠(n=5/组)在第-30天和第-23天接受肿瘤裂解物脉冲的DC疫苗,并在第-23天至第-13天每日腹膜内注射替西罗莫司(temsirolimus)。在第0天,将B16肿瘤细胞皮下注射到侧腹中。示出了B16肿瘤生长(左侧)和生存(右侧)曲线。结果代表重复实验。(b)表征在用DC疫苗和替西罗莫司治疗后的淋巴细胞的实验方案:将Thy1.1Pmel-1淋巴细胞过继转移至Thy1.2B6小鼠中,该小鼠在第-6天接受肿瘤裂解物脉冲的DC疫苗并且每日接受替西罗莫司达5天。在第0天收获脾细胞,并针对CD8、Thy1.1、Tbet、Eomes和CD4/FoxP3染色并通过流式细胞术进行分析。提供了代表性结果(左)和汇总数据(右)。结果代表重复实验。(c)使用经替西罗莫司处理48小时的pmel-1淋巴细胞和肿瘤裂解物脉冲的CpG活化DC,在体外混合培养物中表征淋巴细胞。针对CD8、Thy1.1、Tbet、Eomes和CD4/FoxP3使淋巴细胞染色并通过流式细胞术进行分析。提供了代表性结果(左)和汇总数据(右)。结果代表重复实验。*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.005。
图2根据本发明的各个实施方案描绘了CD4耗竭增强mTor抑制的抗肿瘤作用。(a)在第0天,将RENCA-CA9肿瘤细胞植入到Balb/C小鼠中(n=5/组)。在第6天和第10天用αCD4抗体使CD4淋巴细胞耗竭。在第14至第34天,每天用替西罗莫司处理小鼠。监测肿瘤生长。结果代表三次重复实验。(b)在相同的实验中,在第45天收获淋巴细胞,用CA9肽再刺激,并且针对CD8和IFNγ染色。(c)在CD4耗竭后,在第0、1、10天收集脾、淋巴结和血液。针对CD4、CD8和FoxP3使淋巴细胞染色并通过流式细胞术进行分析。(c-e)报告了在CD4耗竭后的第0、1、10天的脾、淋巴结和血液中的CD4细胞的百分比。(d)在CD4耗竭后,报告了CD4或CD8阳性的脾细胞的百分比,并且报告了FoxP3阳性的CD4细胞的百分比。(e)在相同的实验中,报告了CD4、CD8和CD4/FoxP3阳性的脾细胞的绝对数量。*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.005。
图3根据本发明的各个实施方案描绘了CD4耗竭和替西罗莫司的组合产生依赖于记忆CD8细胞的抗肿瘤免疫。(a)每日用替西罗莫司处理荷瘤小鼠(n=8),然后在原发性肿瘤植入后第35天用RENCA-CA9再激发。在第36天通过注射αCD8抗体使CD8细胞耗竭。(b)用替西罗莫司和CD4耗竭处理荷瘤小鼠(n=8),然后在原发性肿瘤植入后第35天用RENCA-CA9再激发。在第36天通过注射αCD8抗体使CD8细胞耗竭。(c-e)从经过替西罗莫司和CD4耗竭处理的小鼠中收获淋巴细胞。用CA9肽和IL2(10u/ml)体外培养淋巴细胞3天,然后过继转移到初次用于实验的B6小鼠中,在24小时后通过静脉内注射的2x105个RENCA肿瘤细胞激发该小鼠。在静脉内肿瘤激发后第30天收集肺。测定了肺重量(d)和肺肿瘤沉积物的数量(e)。IL2(白细胞介素-2),*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.005。
图4根据本发明的各个实施方案描绘了CD4耗竭和替西罗莫司治疗的组合增强CD8记忆细胞的功能。(a)实验方案:将来自Thy1.1Pmel-1小鼠的淋巴细胞过继转移到Thy1.2B6小鼠中,用肿瘤裂解物脉冲的DC疫苗进行刺激并在第7天和第10天用αCD4抗体处理,并且在第10天至第24天每日用替西罗莫司处理。结果代表三次重复实验。(b)在用肿瘤裂解物脉冲的DC疫苗进行再激发前一天收获脾细胞(n=3/组),用抗体染色,并通过流式细胞术进行分析。示出了对于指示标记阳性的CD8细胞的百分比。(c)在用肿瘤裂解物脉冲的DC疫苗进行再激发后的4天收获脾细胞(n=3/组),用抗体染色,并通过流式细胞术进行分析。示出了对于指示标记阳性的CD8细胞的百分比。*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.005。
图5根据本发明的各个实施方案描绘了FoxP3+Treg耗竭和替西罗莫司的组合增强体内CTL功能。(a)实验方案:DEREG小鼠接受肿瘤裂解物脉冲的DC疫苗,并在第6天和第10天通过腹膜内用白喉毒素处理,并且在第10天至第20天每日用替西罗莫司处理。在第35天进行体内CTL测定。(b)使用在用白喉毒素处理小鼠之前和之后获得的外周血淋巴细胞,通过流式细胞术评估CD4+FoxP3+细胞。(c)使用在注射靶细胞后14小时收获的脾细胞通过流式细胞术分析体内CTL结果。CTL(细胞毒性T淋巴细胞),*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.005。
图6根据本发明的各个实施方案描绘了FoxP3+Treg的过继转移在用CD4耗竭和替西罗莫司的组合处理过的小鼠中降低体内CTL功能。(a)实验方案:B6接受肿瘤裂解物脉冲的DC疫苗,并在第6天和第10天通过腹膜内用αCD4抗体处理,并且在第14天至第24天每日用替西罗莫司处理在第20天过继转移从来自接受肿瘤裂解物脉冲的DC疫苗的GFP-FoxP3小鼠的淋巴细胞分选的Treg,并在第35天进行体内CTL测定。(b)使用在注射靶细胞后14小时收获的脾细胞通过流式细胞术分析体内CTL结果(n=3/组)。*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.005。
图7根据本发明的各个实施方案描绘了在经过CD4耗竭处理后,恢复的Treg群体的免疫抑制性降低。(a)使用在图4a中所概述的实验方案处理小鼠。在第45天,通过流式细胞术检查脾细胞中的CD4+FoxP3+细胞。(b)在CD4耗竭后回收的脾细胞被用来富集CD4+细胞,其然后通过CD25状态进行分选。对于所得组,示出了针对CD4+CD25+状态和CD4+CD25-状态的代表性流式细胞术。(c)CD4+CD25-细胞与用B16肿瘤裂解物脉冲的DC共培养。通过流式细胞术分析CD4+CD25-细胞的IFNγ或IL4表达。(d)CD4+CD25+细胞与用B16肿瘤裂解物脉冲的DC和来自使用B16肿瘤裂解物脉冲的DC进行免疫的小鼠的CD8细胞共培养。通过流式细胞术使用CFSE稀释测定监测CD8细胞增殖。*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.005。
图8根据本发明的各个实施方案描绘了肿瘤增加Treg。检查来自荷瘤小鼠(直径为约1cm)和无肿瘤对照小鼠的淋巴结、脾、骨髓和外周血淋巴细胞(PBL)中表达FoxP3的CD4细胞的百分比。示出了流式细胞术结果。
图9根据本发明的各个实施方案描绘了αCD4抗体使效应CD4亚型耗竭。(a)在施用αCD4抗体之前(第0天)和之后的1天或10天收集脾细胞,并通过流式细胞术进行分析。示出了针对CD4和IL-2、IL-4或IL-17染色的总脾细胞的数目。(b)示出了针对IL-2、IL-4或IL-17染色的CD4细胞的百分比。
图10根据本发明的各个实施方案描绘了免疫刺激前的CD4耗竭阻止CD8记忆细胞的形成。实验方案类似于图4。包括其中在第-1天和第+1天施用αCD4抗体的另一个组(组A)。(a)示出了在再激发记忆细胞后5天收获的脾细胞中表达Thy1.1的CD8细胞的百分比。(b)示出了表达Eomes的CD8细胞的百分比。*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.005。
图11根据本发明的各个实施方案描绘了Treg或CD4细胞的耗竭增强抗肿瘤作用。
图12根据本发明的各个实施方案描绘了CD4耗竭增强PD-1阻断抗肿瘤作用。
图13根据本发明的各个实施方案描绘了CD4耗竭增强肿瘤特异性细胞免疫。A.实验示意图。B.CD4耗竭刺激肿瘤特异性干扰素-γ从CD8细胞的分泌。因此,CD4耗竭导致能够响应于肿瘤而被活化的CD8细胞的训导。C.这些相同的CD8细胞能够杀伤RENCA肿瘤细胞。D.B16肿瘤生长曲线。
图14根据本发明的各个实施方案描绘了抗CD4抗体、替西罗莫司和树突细胞疫苗的组合展现增强的抗肿瘤活性。A.实验示意图。B.示出了具有平均值标准误差(SEM)的B16肿瘤生长曲线。**p<0.001。
具体实施方式
本文引用的所有参考文献通过引用整体并入,就如同完全阐述一般。除非另有规定,否则本文所使用的技术和科技术语具有如本发明所属技术领域的一般技术人员通常所理解的相同含义。Allen等人,Remington:TheScienceandPracticeofPharmacy第22版,PharmaceuticalPress(2012年9月15日);Homyak等人,IntroductiontoNanoscienceandNanotechnology,CRCPress(2008);Singleton和Sainsbury,DictionaryofMicrobiologyandMolecularBiology第3版,修订版,,J.Wiley&Sons(NewYork,NY2006);Smith,March’sAdvancedOrganicChemistryReactions,MechanismsandStructure第7版,J.Wiley&Sons(NewYork,NY2013);Singleton,DictionaryofDNAandGenomeTechnology第3版,Wiley-Blackwell(November28,2012);以及Green和Sambrook,MolecularCloning:ALaboratoryManual第4版,ColdSpringHarborLaboratoryPress(ColdSpringHarbor,NY2012)提供给本领域技术人员关于本申请中所用的许多术语的一般指导。关于如何制备抗体的参考文献,参见Greenfield,AntibodiesALaboratoryManual第2版,ColdSpringHarborPress(ColdSpringHarborNY,2013);和Milstein,Derivationofspecificantibody-producingtissuecultureandtumorlinesbycellfusion,Eur.J.Immunol.1976年7月6日(7):511-9;Queen和Selick,Humanizedimmunoglobulins,美国专利第5,585,089号(1996年12月);以及Riechmann等人,Reshapinghumanantibodiesfortherapy,Nature1988Mar24,332(6162):323-7。
关于儿科学的参考文献,参见Schwartz等人,The5-MinutePediatricConsult第4版,,LippincottWilliams&Wilkins,(June16,2005);Robertson等人,TheHarrietLaneHandbook:AManualforPediatricHouseOfficers第17版,Mosby(2005年6月24日);和Hay等人,CurrentDiagnosisandTreatmentinPediatrics(CurrentPediatricsDiagnosis&Treatment)第18版,McGraw-HillMedical(September25,2006)。
本领域技术人员将认识到类似于或等同于本文所描述的那些的许多方法和材料,它们可以用于本发明的实践中。结合以举例方式说明本发明的实施方案的各种特征的附图,本发明的其它特征和优点将从以下详细描述变得显而易见。实际上,本发明不以任何方式限于所描述的方法和材料。为方便起见,本文、本说明书、实施例和所附权利要求中所采用的某些术语集合于此。
除非另有说明,或由上下文暗示,否则下列术语和短语包括下文提供的含义。除非另外明确说明,或从上下文中显而易见,否则以下术语和短语不排除所述术语或短语在其所属领域中已获得的含义。所述定义被提供来帮助描述具体实施方案,并且不旨在限制要求保护的发明,因为本发明的范围仅受权利要求限制。除非另有规定,否则本文所使用的所有技术和科学术语具有如本发明所属技术领域的一般技术人员通常所理解的相同含义。
如本文中所使用,术语“包含(comprising)”或“包含(comprises)”被用来指在一个实施方案中有用的组合物、方法和其相应的组分,还开发式地包含未指定的要素,它们无论是否有用。本领域内的人员应该了解的是,一般情况下,本文所使用的术语通常旨在作为“开放式”术语(例如,术语“包括”应该被解释为“包括但不限于”,术语“具有”应该被解释为“具有至少”,术语“包括”应该被解释为“包括但不限于”等)。
除非另有说明,否则在描述本申请的一个具体实施方案的上下文中(特别是在权利要求书的上下文中)使用的术语“一种”和“一个”和“该”以及类似提及可以被解释为涵盖单数和复数。本文中列举的值的范围仅旨在用作单独地提及落在该范围内的每个不同值的速写方法。除非本文另有指示,否则每个单独的值被并入本说明书中,就如同它在本文中被单独地列举一样。可以按照任何适当的顺序进行本文中描述的所有方法,除非本文中另外指示或显然与上下文矛盾。针对本文的某些实施方案所提供的任何和所有实例或示例性用语(例如,“诸如”)的使用仅旨在更好地阐明本申请,并且不对另外要求保护的本申请的范围构成限制。缩写“e.g.(例如)”衍生自拉丁语exempligratia,并且在本文中用于指示非限制性实例。因此,缩写“e.g.”与术语“例如”同义。本说明书中没有任何语言应该被解释为指示任何未要求保护的元素对本申请的实践是必要的。
如本文中所使用,术语“治疗”或“改善”在关于疾病、病症或医学病状使用时是指治疗性治疗和预防性或防范性措施,其中目的是防止、逆转、缓解、改善、抑制、减轻、减缓或阻止症状或病状的进展或严重程度。术语“治疗”包括减少或减轻病症的至少一种不良作用或症状。如果一种或多种症状或临床标记减少,则治疗一般是“有效的”。或者,如果疾病状态的进展减少或停止,则治疗是“有效的”。也就是说,“治疗”不仅包括症状或标记的改善,而且还包括症状的进展或恶化(将在缺少治疗的情况下预期到)的停止或至少减缓。此外,“治疗”可以意指追求或获得有益的结果,或降低个体发展病状的机会,即使该治疗最终是不成功的。需要治疗的受试者包括已患有所述病状的受试者以及易于患有所述病状的受试者或将要预防所述病状的受试者。
“有益的结果”或“期望的结果”可以包括但决不限于:减轻或缓解疾病状况的严重程度、防止疾病状况恶化、治愈疾病状况、防止疾病状况发展、降低患者发展疾病状况的机会、降低发病率和死亡率以及延长患者的生命或预期寿命。作为非限制性实例,“有益的结果”或“期望的结果”可以是一种或多种症状的缓解、不足程度的降低、癌症进展的稳定(即,未恶化)状态、转移或侵袭的延迟或减缓以及癌症相关症状的改善或减轻。
如本文中所使用,术语“施用”是指通过使如本文所公开的药剂至少部分定位在所需位点的方法或途径将该药剂置于受试者中。
如本文中所使用,“癌症”或“肿瘤”是指干扰身体器官和系统的正常功能的不受控制的细胞生长,和/或所有赘生细胞生长和增殖(无论是恶性还是良性的),以及所有的癌前和癌性细胞和组织。在此定义中包括良性和恶性癌症,以及休眠肿瘤或微转移。如本文中所使用,术语“癌”是指由上皮细胞所引起的癌症。如本文中所使用,术语“侵入性”是指浸润和破坏周围组织的能力。黑色素瘤是皮肤肿瘤的侵入性形式。癌症的实例包括但不限于:B细胞淋巴瘤(霍奇金氏淋巴瘤和/或非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤)、脑肿瘤、乳腺癌、结肠癌、肺癌、肝细胞癌、胃癌、胰腺癌、宫颈癌、卵巢癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、泌尿道癌、甲状腺癌、肾癌、癌、黑色素瘤、头颈癌、脑癌和前列腺癌(包括但不限于雄激素依赖性前列腺癌和雄激素非依赖性前列腺癌)。
如本文中所使用,“病状”和“疾病状态”可以包括癌症、肿瘤或感染性疾病。在示例性实施方案中,所述病状包括但决不限于恶性赘生细胞增生性病症或疾病的任何形式。在示例性实施方案中,病状包括肾癌、黑色素瘤、前列腺癌、乳腺癌、胶质母细胞瘤、肺癌、结肠癌或膀胱癌中的任何一种或多种。
本文所使用的“免疫细胞”是指哺乳动物免疫系统的细胞,包括但不限于:抗原呈递细胞、B细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、细胞毒性T细胞、树突细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、粒细胞、辅助性T细胞、白细胞、淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞、肥大细胞、记忆细胞、单核细胞、天然杀伤细胞、中性粒细胞、吞噬细胞、浆细胞和T细胞。
本文所使用的“免疫反应”是指包括但不限于下列的免疫:先天性免疫、体液免疫、细胞免疫、免疫、炎症反应、获得性(适应性)免疫、自身免疫和/或过度活跃免疫。
如本文所使用,术语“样本”或“生物样本”表示从生物有机体提取或分离的样本,例如来自受试者的肿瘤样本。示例性生物样本包括但不限于:生物流体样本;血清;血浆;尿;唾液;肿瘤样本;肿瘤感染性疾病和/或组织样本等。该术语还包括上述样本的混合物。术语“样本”还包括未经处理或预处理(或预加工)的生物样本。在一些实施方案中,样本可以包括来自受试者的一个或多个细胞。在一些实施方案中,样本可以是肿瘤细胞样本,例如该样本可以包括癌细胞、来自肿瘤的细胞和/或肿瘤感染性疾病。
术语“功能性”在连同“衍生物”或“变体”或“片段”一起使用时是指这样的多肽,其具有的生物活性大体上类似于其衍生物或变体或片段为所述多肽的实体或分子的生物活性。
如本文所使用,“受试者”意指人或动物。通常,动物是脊椎动物,诸如灵长类动物、啮齿动物、家畜或狩猎动物。灵长类动物包括黑猩猩、食蟹猴、蜘蛛猴和猕猴(例如,恒河猴)。啮齿动物包括小鼠、大鼠、土拔鼠、雪貂、兔和仓鼠。家畜和狩猎动物包括牛、马、猪、鹿、野牛、水牛、猫科动物(例如家猫)和犬科动物(例如,狗、狐狸、狼)。术语“患者”、“个体”和“受试者”在本文中可互换使用。在一个实施方案中,受试者是哺乳动物。哺乳动物可以是人、非人灵长类动物、小鼠、大鼠、狗、猫、马或牛,但是并不限于这些实例。另外,本文所描述的方法可以用于治疗家养动物和/或宠物。
受试者可以是先前已被诊断为或鉴定为患有或具有需要监测的疾病状态(例如,癌症或感染性疾病)或与该疾病状态有关的一种或多种并发症并且任选地已经接受针对该疾病状态或与该疾病/病状有关的一种或多种并发症的治疗的个体。或者,受试者还可以是先前尚未被诊断为具有疾病状态或与该疾病/病状有关的一种或多种并发症的个体。例如,受试者可以是表现出关于疾病状态或与疾病状态有关的一种或多种并发症的一种或多种风险因素的个体或者未表现出风险因素的受试者。对针对特定疾病状态的治疗“有需要的受试者”可以是具有该疾病/病状、被诊断为患有该病状或有发展该疾病的风险的受试者。
术语“统计上显著”或“显著”是指存在差异的统计证据。它被定义为当零假设实际上是真的时作出拒绝零假设的决定的概率。该决定经常使用p值作出。
如本文中所使用,“CD4淋巴细胞”是指表达CD4的淋巴细胞,即,为CD4+的淋巴细胞。CD4淋巴细胞可以是表达CD4的T细胞。
术语“T细胞”和“T淋巴细胞”是可互换的并且在本文中同义地使用。实例包括但不限于:初次用于实验的T细胞、中央记忆T细胞、效应记忆T细胞或其组合。
本文所使用的“治疗剂”是指用于例如治疗、抑制、预防疾病、缓和其影响、减轻其严重程度、降低其发展的可能性、减缓其进展和/或治愈该疾病的药剂。由治疗剂靶向的疾病包括但不限于感染性疾病、癌、肉瘤、淋巴瘤、白血病、生殖细胞肿瘤、母细胞瘤、在各种免疫细胞上表达的抗原以及在与各种血液疾病和/或炎性疾病相关的细胞上表达的抗原。
除非本文另有定义,否则所使用的与本申请相关的科学和技术术语应该具有如本公开所属技术领域的一般技术人员通常所理解的含义。应当理解,本发明并不限于本文所描述的具体方法、方案和试剂等,并且因此可以变化。本文所使用的术语仅出于描述具体实施方案的目的,而不意图限制仅由权利要求所限定的本发明的范围。
本文提供了方法、组合物和试剂盒,其中CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂单独或与各种其它疗法和药剂组合用来靶向免疫系统,以治疗癌症和/或感染性疾病。可以与CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂组合使用的疗法和药剂的非限制性实例包括但不限于免疫检查点抑制剂、过继免疫疗法、免疫佐剂和免疫调节剂。
治疗方法
在各个实施方案中,本发明提供了一种治疗、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展的方法。所述方法包括提供包含CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂的组合物和向受试者施用治疗有效量的该组合物,从而治疗、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展。在一些实施方案中,所述病状是癌症或感染性疾病。在一些实施方案中,所述受试者已被诊断为患有癌症。在一些实施方案中,所述受试者已被诊断为患有感染性疾病。在各个实施方案中,所述受试者已经患病的时间量足够在施用包含CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂的组合物之前使免疫系统致敏。在各个实施方案中,受试者已经患有所述病状的时间量为1天或更多、2天或更多、3天或更多、4天或更多、5天或更多、6天或更多、7天或更多、8天或更多、9天或更多、10天或更多、15天或更多、20天或更多、1个月或更多、2个月或更多、3个月或更多、4个月或更多、5个月或更多、6个月或更多、1年或更多或其组合。
在各个实施方案中,本发明提供了用于治疗、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展的方法。所述方法包括提供CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂和选自由免疫检查点抑制剂、过继免疫治疗剂、免疫佐剂和免疫调节剂组成的组的至少一种其它试剂;以及向受试者施用治疗有效量的CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂和治疗有效量的免疫检查点抑制剂、过继免疫治疗剂、免疫佐剂和免疫调节剂中的至少一种,从而治疗、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展。在一些实施方案中,所述方法进一步包括向受试者施用mTOR抑制剂。在各个实施方案中,CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂和其它药剂可以依序或同时施用。在一些实施方案中,所述病状是癌症。在一些实施方案中,所述病状是感染性疾病。
在各个实施方案中,本发明提供了用于治疗、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展的方法。所述方法包括提供CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂和过继免疫治疗剂以及向受试者施用治疗有效量的CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂和治疗有效量的过继免疫治疗剂,从而治疗、抑制、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展。在一个实施方案中,CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂是抗CD4抗体或其片段或其变体,且过继免疫治疗剂是树突细胞疫苗。在各个实施方案中,所述病状是癌症或感染性疾病。在一些实施方案中,同时施用抗CD4抗体和树突细胞疫苗。在一些实施方案中,依序施用抗CD4抗体和树突细胞疫苗。在一些实施方案中,所述方法可以进一步包括与CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂和过继免疫治疗剂依序或同时施用有效量的mTOR抑制剂。
在各个实施方案中,本发明提供了用于治疗、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展的方法。所述方法包括提供CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂和免疫检查点抑制剂以及向受试者施用治疗有效量的CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂和治疗有效量的免疫检查点抑制剂,从而治疗、抑制、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展。在一个实施方案中,CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂是抗CD4抗体或其片段或其变体,且检查点抑制剂是抗PD-1抗体或其片段或其变体。在各个实施方案中,所述病状是癌症或感染性疾病。在一些实施方案中,同时施用抗CD4抗体和抗PD-1抗体。在一些实施方案中,依序施用抗CD4抗体和抗PD-1抗体。所述方法可以进一步包括施用mTOR抑制剂。在一些实施方案中,所述方法可以进一步包括与CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂和检查点抑制剂依序或同时施用有效量的mTOR抑制剂。
在各个实施方案中,本发明提供了用于治疗、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展的方法。所述方法包括提供CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂、过继免疫治疗剂和mTOR抑制剂以及向受试者施用治疗有效量的CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂、治疗有效量的过继免疫治疗剂和治疗有效量的mTOR抑制剂,从而治疗、抑制、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展。在一个实施方案中,CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂是抗CD4抗体或其片段或其变体。在一个实施方案中,过继免疫治疗剂是树突细胞疫苗。在一个实施方案中,mTOR抑制剂是替西罗莫司。在各个实施方案中,所述病状是癌症或感染性疾病。一些实施方案中,同时施用抗CD4抗体、树突细胞疫苗和mTOR抑制剂(例如替西罗莫司)。一些实施方案中,依序施用抗CD4抗体、树突细胞疫苗和mTOR抑制剂(例如替西罗莫司)。
在各个实施方案中,本文所述的方法可以用于在有需要的受试者中预防癌症转移或预防癌症复发。
在本发明的各个实施方案中,CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂可以是小分子、肽、抗体或其片段以及核酸分子中的任何一种或多种。在一个实施方案中,所述抗体特异性结合CD4表达T细胞如调节性T细胞(Treg细胞)上的CD4。
抗体(例如,抗CD4抗体或抗PD-1抗体)可以是单克隆抗体或其片段、多克隆抗体或其片段、嵌合抗体、人源化抗体、人抗体或其片段或单链抗体中的任何一种或多种。这些抗体可以来自任何来源,例如,大鼠、小鼠、豚鼠、狗、猫、兔、猪、牛、马、山羊、驴或人。抗体的片段可以是Fab、F(ab′)2、Fv片段或它们的融合蛋白中的任何一种或多种。
在各个实施方案中,CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂是人源化抗CD4抗体或其片段。在各个实施方案中,CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂是扎木单抗(zanolimumab)、凯利昔单抗(keliximab)和OKT4。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,同时施用CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂和其它药剂。在其它实施方案中,依序施用CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂和其它药剂。例如,在施用其它药剂之前、期间或之后施用CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂。在进一步的实施方案中,伴随食物或不伴随食物施用CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂和其它药剂。根据本发明,CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂和/或额外的药剂可以与其它药剂(包括但不限于癌症疫苗和化疗剂)组合使用。如本文所描述,额外的试剂是免疫检查点抑制剂、过继免疫治疗剂、免疫佐剂和免疫调节剂中的任何一种或多种。
在各个实施方案中,额外的药剂是免疫检查点抑制剂。免疫检查点抑制剂的实例包括但不限于:抗PD-1抗体,诸如拉姆布罗力珠单抗(Lambrolizumab,MK-3475)、尼维单抗(Nivolumab,BMS-936558)和皮地利珠单抗(Pidilizumab,CT-011);抗PD-L1抗体,诸如MPDL3280A(RG7446)、MEDI4736和BMS-936559;抗PD-L2抗体,B7-DC-Fc融合蛋白如AMP-224;抗CTLA-4抗体,诸如曲美木单抗(tremelimumab,CP-675,206)和易普利单抗(ipilimumab)(MDX-010);抗B7/CD28受体超家族抗体;抗吲哚胺(2,3)-二氧合酶(IDO)抗体、抗IDO1抗体、抗IDO2抗体、色氨酸、色氨酸模拟物、1-甲基色氨酸(1-MT))、Indoximod(D-1-甲基色氨酸(D-1-MT))、L-1-甲基色氨酸(L-1-MT)、TX-2274;羟基脒抑制剂如INCB024360;抗TIM-3抗体;抗LAG-3抗体如BMS-986016;激动由MHCII类驱动的树突细胞活化的重组可溶性LAG-3Ig融合蛋白如IMP321;抗KIR2DL1/2/3或抗KIR抗体如立鲁单抗(lirilumab,IPH2102)、乌瑞鲁单抗(urelumab,BMS-663513);抗磷脂酰丝氨酸(抗PS)抗体如巴维昔单抗(Bavituximab)、针对N-乙醇酰-GM3神经节苷脂的抗人单克隆抗体的抗独特型鼠单克隆抗体,诸如雷库图单抗(Racotumomab,曾用名为1E10);抗OX40R抗体如IgGCD134mAb;抗B7-H3抗体如MGA271;以及旨在通过使免疫检查点基因沉默来治疗癌症的基于小干扰(si)RNA的癌症疫苗。附加信息可以见于CreelanBC(Updateonimmunecheckpointinhibitorsinlungcancer,CancerControl.2014年1月;21(1):80-9)和JanedeLartigue(AnotherImmuneCheckpointEmergesasAnticancerTarget,线上公开于onclive.com,2013年9月24日,星期二),这些文献通过引用整体并入本文,就如同完全阐述一般。在一些实施方案中,免疫检查点抑制剂选自由以下组成的组:抗PD-1抗体、抗PD-L1抗体、抗PD-L2抗体、抗CTLA-4抗体、抗KIR抗体、抗IDO1抗体、抗IDO2抗体、抗TIM-3抗体、抗LAG-3抗体、抗OX40R抗体和抗PS抗体或其组合。
在各个实施方案中,额外的药剂是过继免疫治疗剂。在一些实施方案中,过继免疫治疗剂选自由以下组成的组:树突细胞疫苗、肽疫苗、基于嵌合T细胞抗原的疗法、基于T细胞的疗法、免疫细胞因子、基于热激蛋白的疫苗、基于肿瘤溶解物的疫苗、携带肿瘤抗原的病毒载体、病毒疫苗、细菌疫苗和真菌疫苗或其组合。附加信息可以见于Radvanyi等人,ClinCancerRes.2012Dec15;18(24):6758-70;Epub2012Oct2,其通过引用整体并入本文,就如同完全阐述一般。
在各个实施方案中,额外的药剂是免疫佐剂。佐剂的实例包括但不限于:阳离子脂质体-DNA复合物JVRS-100、氢氧化铝疫苗佐剂、磷酸铝疫苗佐剂、硫酸铝钾佐剂、铝胶、ISCOM(s)TM、弗氏完全佐剂(Freund′sCompleteAdjuvant)、弗氏不完全佐剂(Freund′sIncompleteAdjuvant)、CpGDNA疫苗佐剂、霍乱毒素、霍乱毒素B亚基、脂质体、皂素疫苗佐剂、DDA佐剂、角鲨烯型佐剂、EtxB亚基佐剂、IL-12疫苗佐剂、LTK63疫苗突变佐剂、TiterMaxGold佐剂、Ribi疫苗佐剂、Montanide ISA720佐剂、棒状杆菌源性P40疫苗佐剂、MPLTM佐剂AS04、AS02、脂多糖疫苗佐剂、胞壁酰二肽佐剂、CRL1005、杀灭的短小棒状杆菌(Corynebacteriumparvunm)疫苗佐剂、Montanide ISA51佐剂、百日咳博代氏杆菌(Bordetellapertussis)成分疫苗佐剂、阳离子脂质体疫苗佐剂、金刚烷酰胺二肽疫苗佐剂、ArlacelA佐剂、VSA-3佐剂、铝疫苗佐剂、Polygen疫苗佐剂、AdjumerTM、藻类葡聚糖、BayR1005、硬脂酰酪氨酸、Specol佐剂、Algammulin佐剂、磷酸钙凝胶、CTA1-DD基因融合蛋白、DOC/Alum复合物、γ菊粉、Gerbu佐剂、GM-CSF、GMDP、重组hIFN-γ/干扰素-g、白细胞介素-1β、白细胞介素-2、白细胞介素-7、Sclavo肽、RehydragelLV佐剂、RehydragelHPA佐剂、洛索立宾(Loxoribine)、MF59、MTP-PE脂质体、Murametide佐剂、Murapalmitine佐剂、D-Murapalmitine佐剂、NAGO、非离子表面活性剂囊泡、PMMA、蛋白质蜗壳、QS-21、SPT(抗原制剂)、纳米乳剂疫苗佐剂、AS03、Quil-A疫苗佐剂、RC529疫苗佐剂、LTR192G疫苗佐剂、大肠杆菌热不稳定毒素、LT、无定形羟基磷酸铝硫酸盐佐剂、磷酸钙疫苗佐剂、Montanide不完全Seppic佐剂、咪喹莫特(Imiquimod)、雷西莫特(Resiquimod)、AF03、鞭毛蛋白、Poly(I:C)、Abisco-100疫苗佐剂、白蛋白-肝素微粒疫苗佐剂、AS-2疫苗佐剂、B7-2疫苗佐剂、DHEA疫苗佐剂、含共刺激分子抗体的免疫脂质体、SAF-1、仙台病毒脂蛋白体、含仙台病毒的脂质基质、苏氨酰胞壁酰二肽(TMDP)、Ty颗粒疫苗佐剂、布比卡因疫苗佐剂、DL-PGL(聚酯聚(DL-丙交酯-共-乙交酯))疫苗佐剂、IL-15疫苗佐剂、LTK72疫苗佐剂、MPL-SE疫苗佐剂、霍乱毒素的无毒性突变体E112K(mCT-E112K)、Matrix-S和水溶性三萜烯葡糖苷化合物。附加信息可以见于Sayers等人(VAXJO:AWEB-BASEDVACCINEADJUVANTDATABASEANDITSAPPLICATIONFORANALYSISOFVACCINEADJUVANTSANDTHEIRUSESINVACCINEDEVELOPMENT,2012;2012∶831486;Epub2012年3月13日),其通过引用整体并入本文,如同完全阐述一般。在一些实施方案中,免疫佐剂选自由以下组成的组:铝盐、病毒颗粒和油基佐剂或其组合。
在各个实施方案中,额外的药剂是免疫调节剂。在一些实施方案中,免疫调节剂选自由以下组成的组:mTOR抑制剂、STAT抑制剂、TGFβ受体抑制剂和酪氨酸激酶抑制剂或其组合。
在各个实施方案中,所述方法可以进一步包括向受试者施用mTOR抑制剂。根据本发明,mTOR抑制剂可以是小分子、肽、抗体或其片段、核酸分子和/或大环内酯化合物中的任何一种或多种。在一个实施方案中,所述抗体特异性结合mTOR,从而抑制mTOR。所述抗体可以是单克隆抗体或其片段、多克隆抗体或其片段、嵌合抗体、人源化抗体、人抗体或其片段或单链抗体中的任何一种或多种。这些抗体可以来自任何来源,例如,大鼠、小鼠、豚鼠、狗、猫、兔、猪、牛、马、山羊、驴或人。抗体的片段可以是Fab、F(ab′)2、Fv片段或它们的融合蛋白中的任何一种或多种。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,mTOR抑制剂是大环内酯化合物。可用于要求保护的本发明的大环内酯化合物的实例包括但不限于:替西罗莫司(CCI-779)或其药物等效物、类似物、衍生物或盐;依维莫司(RAD-001)或其药物等效物、类似物、衍生物或盐;和/或西罗莫司(雷帕霉素)或其药物等效物、类似物、衍生物或盐。
在各个实施方案中,额外的药剂是STAT抑制剂。STAT抑制剂的实例包括但不限于:SOCS(细胞因子信号传导遏制因子);PIAS(活化stat的蛋白质抑制剂),包括PIAS1、PIAS2、PIAS3、PIAS4、PIASxa、PIASxb和PIASy;硝呋齐特(Nifuroxazide)(5-硝基-2-糠醛-对羟基苯甲酰基腙)、N-[2-(1,3,4-噁二唑基)]-4-喹啉甲酰胺、非肽小分子抑制剂、Stattic抑制剂、STA-21、LLL-3、LLL12、XZH-5、S31-201、SF-1066、SF-1087、17o、Cryptotanshinon抑制剂、FLL32、C188-9、LY5、BP-1108、BP-1075、Galiellalactone抑制剂、JQ1、STX-0119、FLLL11、FLLL12、FLLL32、FLLL62、激素源性烟酰肼、IS3295、靶向STAT路径的寡核苷酸、靶向STAT路径的反义寡核苷酸(ASO)、AZD9150(ISIS-STAT3Rx或ISIS481464)、抗STAT3的合成ASO、STAT3诱捕寡核苷酸(ODN)、STAT3-siRNA、STAT3-G-Quartet、STAT5-ODN、STAT5-siRNA、OPB-31121、肽和拟肽抑制剂、XpYL、AC-pYLPQTV-NH3、ISS610、S31-M2001和CJ-1383。附加信息可以见于Furqan等人(STATinhibitorsforcancertherapy,JHematolOncol.2013Dec5;6:90),其通过引用整体并入本文,就如同完全阐述一般。
在各个实施方案中,额外的药剂是JAK抑制剂。JAK抑制剂的实例包括但不限于:酪氨酸磷酸化抑制剂(Tyrphostin)AG490、CP-690550、罗可索替尼(ruxolitinib,INCB018424)、TG101348(SAR30253)、来他替尼(lestaurtinib,CEP701)、CYT387、帕曲替尼(pacritinib,SB1518)、AZD1480、XL019和LY2784544。附加信息可以见于Mascarenhas等人(BiologyandclinicalmanagementofmyeloproliferativeneoplasmsanddevelopmentoftheJAKinhibitorruxolitinib,CurrMedChem.2012;19(26):4399-413),其通过引用整体并入本文,就如同完全阐述一般。
在各个实施方案中,额外的药剂是TGFβ受体抑制剂。TGFβ受体抑制剂的实例包括但不限于:显性负型TGF-βII型受体(TβRII)、配体陷阱、可溶性TβRII胞外域、可溶性β聚糖胞外域、含有TβRII(TβRII-Fc)或III型受体/β聚糖的可溶性胞外域的重组Fc融合蛋白、可溶性人α2-巨球蛋白血浆蛋白;完全人源化的泛TGF-β单克隆中和抗体,包括勒地木单抗(Lerdelimumab,CAT-152)、美特木单抗(Metelimumab,CAT-192)和GC-1008(氟瑞索木单抗(Fresolimumab))和1D11;旨在与其互补RNA序列杂交并加快mRNA降解的反义寡核苷酸(ASO)AP12009(Trabedersen)和AP-11014;受体激酶抑制剂SB505124、SB-431542、LY550410、LY580276、LY215729、LY364937、LY2109761、Ki26894、SD-093和SD-208;肽适体,rrx-SARA适体;通过RNA干扰使II型TGF-β受体基因表达沉默的编码小发夹RNA的载体,以及具有慢病毒载体或腺相关载体的shRNA。附加信息可以见于Connolly等人(ComplexitiesofTGF-βtargetedcancertherapy,IntJBiolSci.2012;8(7):964-78;Epub2012年7月12日)和Kaminska等人(TGFbetasignallinganditsroleintumourpathogenesis;ActaBiochimPol.2005;52(2):329-37.Epub2005Jun25),所述文献通过引用整体并入本文,就如同完全阐述一般。
在各个实施方案中,额外的药剂是酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的实例包括但不限于舒尼替尼(sunitinib)、埃罗替尼(erlotinib)、凡德他尼(vandetanib)、西地拉尼(cediranib)、布立尼布(brivanib)、氟瑞替尼(foretinib)和多韦替尼(dovitinib)。附加信息可以见于HuynhH.(Molecularlytargetedtherapyinhepatocellularcarcinoma,BiochemPharmacol.2010年9月1日;80(5):550-60.Epub2010年4月4日),其通过引用整体并入本文,就如同完全阐述一般。
在一些实施方案中,本文所述的方法进一步包括向受试者施用化疗剂,所述受试者正被施用包含CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂的组合物或包含CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂和选自由免疫检查点抑制剂、过继免疫治疗剂、免疫佐剂和免疫调节剂组成的组的其它试剂的组合物。化疗剂的非限制性实例可以包括:烷化剂,诸如噻替哌(thiotepa)和环磷酰胺;烷基磺酸酯类,诸如白消安(busulfan)、英丙舒凡(improsulfan)和哌泊舒凡(piposulfan);氮丙啶类(aziridines),诸如苯佐替派(benzodopa)、卡波醌(carboquone)、美胺替哌(meturedopa)和乌瑞替哌(uredopa);亚乙基亚胺类(ethylenimine)和甲基蜜胺类(methylamelamine),包括六甲蜜胺(altretamine)、三亚乙基蜜胺、三亚乙基磷酰胺(rietylenephosphoramide)、三亚乙基硫代磷酰胺(triethiylenethiophosphoramide)和三羟甲基蜜胺(trimethylolomelamine);番荔枝内酯类(acetogenin)(尤其是布拉他辛(bullatacin)和布拉他辛酮(bullatacinone));喜树碱(camptothecin)(包括合成类似物拓扑替康(topotecan));苔藓抑素(bryostatin);卡司他汀(callystatin);CC-1065(包括其阿多来新(adozelesin)、卡泽来新(carzelesin)和比泽来新(bizelesin)合成类似物);隐藻素类(cryptophycin)(特别是隐藻素1和隐藻素8);多拉司他汀(dolastatin);多卡霉素(duocarmycin)(包括合成类似物KW-2189和CB1-TM1);艾植素(eleutherobin);水鬼蕉碱(pancratistatin);匍枝珊瑚醇(sarcodictyin);海绵素(spongistatin);氮芥(nitrogenmustard),诸如苯丁酸氮芥、萘氮芥(chlornaphazine)、胆磷酰胺(cholophosphamide)、雌莫司汀(estramustine)、异环磷酰胺、氮芥(mechlorethamine)、盐酸氧氮芥(mechlorethamineoxidehydrochloride)、美法仑(melphalan)、新氮芥(novembichin)、苯芥胆甾醇(phenesterine)、泼尼莫司汀(prednimustine)、曲磷胺(trofosfamide)、尿嘧啶氮芥(uracilmustard);亚硝基脲类(nitrosourea),诸如卡莫司汀(carmustine)、氯脲菌素(chlorozotocin)、福莫司汀(fotemustine)、洛莫司汀(lomustine)、尼莫司汀(nimustine)和雷莫司汀(ranimustine);抗生素类,诸如烯二炔(enediyne)抗生素类(例如卡里奇霉素,尤其是卡里奇霉素γ1I和卡里奇霉素ω-I1(参见例如Agnew,Chem.Intl.编Engl.,33:183-186(1994));达内霉素,包括达内霉素A;二膦酸盐类,诸如氯膦酸盐(clodronate);埃斯波霉素(esperamicin);以及新制癌素(neocarzinostatin)发色团和相关色蛋白烯二炔类抗生素发色团、阿克拉霉素(aclacinomycin)、放线菌素(actinomycin)、氨茴霉素(authramycin)、重氮丝氨酸(azaserine)、博来霉素(bleomycin)、放线菌素(cactinomycin)、卡拉比星(carabicin)、洋红霉素(carminomycin)、嗜癌霉素(carzinophilin)、色霉素(chromomycinis)、更生霉素、柔红霉素、地托比星(detorubicin)、6-二氮-5-氧代-L-正亮氨酸、多柔比星(包括吗啉代多柔比星、氰基吗啉代多柔比星、2-吡咯代多柔比星和脱氧多柔比星)、表柔比星(epirubicin)、依索比星(esorubicin)、伊达比星(idarubicin)、麻西罗霉素(marcellomycin)、丝裂霉素类如丝裂霉素C、霉酚酸(mycophenolicacid)、诺加霉素(nogalamycin)、橄榄霉素(olivomycin)、培洛霉素(peplomycin)、泊非霉素(potfiromycin)、嘌呤霉素(puromycin)、三铁阿霉素(quelamycin)、罗多比星(rodorubicin)、链黑菌素(streptonigrin)、链佐星(streptozocin)、杀结核菌素(tubercidin)、乌苯美司(ubenimex)、净司他丁(zinostatin)、佐柔比星(zorubicin);抗代谢物类,诸如甲氨蝶呤和5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU);叶酸类似物,诸如二甲叶酸(denopterin)、甲氨蝶呤、蝶罗呤(pteropterin)、三甲曲沙(trimetrexate);嘌呤类似物,诸如氟达拉滨(fludarabine)、6-疏基嘌呤(6-mercaptopurine)、硫咪嘌呤(thiamiprine)、硫鸟嘌呤(thioguanine);嘧啶类似物,诸如安西他滨(ancitabine)、阿扎胞苷(azacitidine)、6-氮尿苷(6-azauridine)、卡莫氟(carmofur)、阿糖胞苷、二脱氧尿苷(dideoxyuridine)、去氧氟尿苷(doxifluridine)、依诺他滨(enocitabine)和氟尿苷(floxuridine);雄激素类,诸如卡鲁睾酮(calusterone)、丙酸屈他雄酮(dromostanolonepropionate)、环硫雄醇(epitiostanol)、美雄烷(mepitiostane)、睾内酯(testolactone);抗肾上腺类,诸如氨鲁米特(aminoglutethimide)、米托坦(mitotane)、曲洛司坦(trilostane);叶酸补充剂,诸如亚叶酸;醋葡醛内酯(aceglatone);醛磷酰胺糖苷(aldophosphamideglycoside);氨基乙酰丙酸(aminolevulinicacid);恩尿嘧啶(eniluracil);安吖定;bestrabucil;比生群(bisantrene);依达曲沙(edatraxate);地磷酰胺(defofamine);地美可辛(demecolcine);地吖醌(diaziquone);依氟鸟氨酸(elformithine);依利醋铵(elliptiniumacetate);埃博霉素(epothilone);依托格鲁(etoglucid);硝酸镓;羟基脲;香菇多糖(lentinan);氯尼达宁(lonidainine);类美登素,诸如美登素和安丝菌素;米托胍腙(mitoguazone);米托蒽醌;莫哌达醇(mopidamol);硝嗪;喷司他丁;苯来美特(phenamet);吡柔比星(pirarubicin);洛索蒽醌(losoxantrone);足叶草酸;2-乙基酰肼;甲基苄肼;多糖复合物(JHSNaturalProducts,Eugene,Oreg.);雷佐生(razoxane);利索新(rhizoxin);西佐喃(sizofuran);锗螺胺(spirogermanium);替奴佐酸(tenuazonicacid);三亚胺醌(triaziquone);2,2′,2″-三氯三乙胺;单端孢霉烯类(尤其是T-2毒素、维拉可瑞A(verracurinA)、杆孢菌素A(roridinA)和蛇形菌素(anguidine));乌拉坦(urethan);长春地辛;达卡巴嗪;甘露醇氮芥;二溴甘露醇;二溴卫矛醇(mitolactol);哌泊溴烷(pipobroman);加托因(gacytosine);阿拉伯糖苷(arabinoside)(“Ara-C”);环磷酰胺;噻替哌;紫衫烷类,例如紫杉醇(Bristol-MyersSquibbOncology,Princeton,N.J.)、(不含氢化蓖麻油的白蛋白改造纳米颗粒制剂型紫杉醇)(AmericanPharmaceuticalPartners,Schaumberg,Ill.),以及多西他赛(Rhone-PoulencRorer,Antony,France);苯丁酸氮芥(chloranbucil);吉西他滨(gemcitabine);6-硫鸟嘌呤;巯基嘌呤;甲氨蝶呤;铂类似物,诸如顺铂、奥沙利铂和卡铂;长春碱;铂;依托泊苷(VP-16);异环磷酰胺;米托蒽醌;长春新碱;NAVELBINE;长春瑞滨;诺安托(novantrone);替尼泊苷;依达曲沙(edatrexate);柔红霉素;氨喋呤;希罗达(xeloda);伊班膦酸盐(ibandronate);伊立替康(Camptosar,CPT-11)(包括伊立替康结合5-FU和亚叶酸的治疗方案)拓扑异构酶抑制剂RFS2000;二氟甲基鸟氨酸(DMFO);类视色素,诸如视黄酸;卡培他滨(capecitabine);康普立停(combretastatin);亚叶酸(LV);奥沙利铂(oxaliplatin),包括奥沙利铂治疗方案(FOLFOX);拉帕替尼(lapatinib)(Tykerb);减少细胞增殖的PKC-α、Raf、H-Ras、EGFR(例如,埃罗替尼)和VEGF-A的抑制剂;以及任何以上物质的药学上可接受的盐、酸或衍生物。此外,治疗方法可以进一步包括使用放射疗法。
癌症的实例包括但不限于癌、母细胞瘤和肉瘤。此类癌症的更具体的实例包括但不限于:基底细胞癌、胆道癌;膀胱癌;骨癌;脑癌和CNS癌;乳腺癌;腹膜癌;宫颈癌;绒毛膜癌;结肠和直肠癌;结缔组织癌;消化系统癌症;子宫内膜癌;食道癌;眼癌;头颈癌;胃癌(包括胃肠癌);胶质母细胞瘤;肝癌;肝细胞瘤;上皮内肿瘤;肾脏癌或肾癌;喉癌;肝癌;肺癌(例如,小细胞肺癌、非小细胞肺癌、肺腺癌和肺鳞状细胞癌);淋巴瘤,包括霍奇金氏淋巴瘤和非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤;黑色素瘤;骨髓瘤;神经母细胞瘤;口腔癌(例如,唇癌、舌癌、口癌和咽癌);卵巢癌;胰腺癌;前列腺癌;视网膜母细胞瘤;横纹肌肉瘤;直肠癌;呼吸系统癌症;唾液腺癌;肉瘤;皮肤癌;鳞状细胞癌;胃癌;睾丸癌;甲状腺癌;子宫或子宫内膜癌;泌尿系统癌症;外阴癌;以及其它癌和肉瘤。
根据本发明,病状可以是恶性赘生细胞增生性病症或疾病。仍根据本发明,病状可以是肾细胞癌或黑色素瘤。由治疗剂靶向的疾病包括癌、肉瘤、生殖细胞肿瘤和/或母细胞瘤。
在各个实施方案中,感染性疾病是由感染性细菌所引起。感染性细菌的实例包括:幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacterpyloris)、布氏疏螺旋体(Boreliaburgdorferi)、嗜肺军团菌(Legionellapneumophilia)、分枝杆菌物种(如结核分枝杆菌(M.tuberculosis)、鸟分枝杆菌(M.avium)、胞内分枝杆菌(M.intracellulare)、堪萨斯分枝杆菌(M.kansaii)、戈登分枝杆菌(M.gordonae))、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcusaureus)、淋球菌(Neisseriagonorrhoeae)、脑膜炎奈瑟菌(Neisseriameningitidis)、单核细胞增多性李斯特氏菌(Listeriamonocytogenes)、化脓性链球菌(A群链球菌)、无乳链球菌(B群链球菌)、链球菌(绿色组(viridansgroup))、粪链球菌(Streptococcusfaecalis)、牛链球菌(Streptococcusbovis)、链球菌属(厌氧种(anaerobicsps.))、肺炎链球菌(Streptococcuspneumoniae))、致病弯曲杆菌属种(pathogenicCampylobactersp.)、肠球菌属种(Enterococcussp.)、流感嗜血杆菌(Haemophilusinfluenzae)、炭疽芽孢杆菌(Bacillusanthracis)、白喉棒状杆菌(corynebacteriumdiphtheriae)、棒状杆菌属种(corynebacteriumsp.)、红斑丹毒丝菌(Erysipelothrixrhusiopathiae)、产气荚膜梭菌(Clostridiumperfringens)、破伤风梭菌(Clostridiumtetani)、产气肠杆菌(Ehterobacteraerogenes)、肺炎克雷伯菌(Klebsiellapneumoniae)、多杀巴斯德氏菌(Pasturellamultocida)、拟杆菌属种(Bacteroidessp.)、具核梭杆菌(Fusobacteriumnucleatum)、念珠状链杆菌(Streptobacillusmoniliformis)、梅毒螺旋体(Treponemapallidium)、雅司螺旋体(Treponemapertenue)、钩端螺旋体(Leptospira)和以色列放线菌(Actinomycesisraelli)。预期本文所述的组合物和方法用于治疗由这些细菌病原体引起的感染。其它感染性生物体(如原生生物)包括:恶性疟原虫(Plasmodiumfalciparum)和弓形虫(Toxoplasmagondii)。预期本文所述的组合物和方法用于治疗由这些病原体引起的感染。
在各个实施方案中,病毒抗原可以是存在于感染性病毒中并诱导受试者中的免疫反应的任何抗原。感染性病毒的实例包括:逆转录病毒科(例如,HIV);小核糖核酸病毒科(例如,脊髓灰质炎病毒、A型肝炎病毒;肠道病毒、人柯萨奇病毒、鼻病毒、艾柯病毒);杯状病毒科(Calciviridae)(诸如导致胃肠炎的菌株);披膜病毒科(例如,马脑炎病毒、风疹病毒);黄热病毒科(Flaviridae)(例如,登革热病毒、脑炎病毒、黄热病病毒);冠状病毒科(例如,冠状病毒);弹状病毒科(例如,水泡性口炎病毒、狂犬病毒);丝状病毒科(例如,埃博拉病毒);副粘病毒科(例如,副流感病毒、腮腺炎病毒、麻疹病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒);正粘病毒科(例如,流感病毒);布尼亚病毒科(Bungaviridae)(例如,汉坦病毒、布尼亚病毒(bungaviruse)、白岭病毒和Nairo病毒);沙粒病毒科(出血热病毒);呼肠孤病毒科(如呼肠孤病毒、环状病毒和轮状病毒);双核糖核酸病毒科;肝病毒科(乙型肝炎病毒);细小病毒科(细小病毒);乳多空病毒科(乳头状瘤病毒、多瘤病毒);腺病毒科(大多数腺病毒);疱疹病毒科(单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)1和HSV-2、水痘带状疱疹病毒、巨细胞病毒(CMV)、疱疹病毒);痘病毒科(天花病毒、痘苗病毒、痘病毒);和虹彩病毒科(如非洲猪瘟病毒);和未分类的病毒(例如,海绵状脑病的病原体、三角洲肝炎的病原体(被认为是乙型肝炎病毒的缺陷卫星体)、非甲型肝炎、非乙型肝炎的病原体(1类=内部传播;2类=肠胃外传播(即丙型肝炎);诺瓦克(Norwalk)病毒和相关病毒,以及星状病毒)。预期本文所述的组合物和方法用于治疗由这些病毒病原体引起的感染。
可以利用本文所述的组合物和方法治疗的真菌感染的实例包括但不限于:曲霉病;鹅口疮(由白色念珠菌(Candidaalbicans)引起);隐球菌病(由隐球菌引起);和组织胞浆菌病。因此,感染性真菌的实例包括但不限于:新型隐球菌(Cryptococcusneoformans)、荚膜组织胞浆菌(Histoplasmacapsulatum)、粗球孢子菌(Coccidioidesimmitis)、皮炎芽生菌(Blastomycesdermatitidis)、沙眼衣原体(Chlamydiatrachomatis)、白色念珠菌。预期本文所述的组合物和方法用于治疗由这些真菌病原体引起的感染。
在各个实施方案中,所述受试者是人。在各个实施方案中,所述受试者是哺乳动物,包括但不限于人、猴、猿、狗、猫、牛、马、山羊、猪、兔、小鼠和大鼠。
在各个实施方案中,经静脉内、肌肉内、皮下、腹膜内、经口或经由吸入施用组合物。根据本发明,可以利用各种途径来施用要求保护的方法的组合物,包括但不限于气雾剂、经鼻、口服、经粘膜、经皮、肠胃外、可植入泵、连续输注、局部施用、胶囊剂和/或注射。
在各个实施方案中,CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂是以100-200mg/天、200-300mg/天、300-400mg/天、400-500mg/天、500-600mg/天、600-700mg/天、700-800mg/天、800-900mg/天、900-1000mg/天、1000-1100mg/天、1100-1200mg/天、1200-1300mg/天、1300-1400mg/天、1400-1500mg/天、1500-1600mg/天、1600-1700mg/天、1700-1800mg/天、1800-1900mg/天或1900-2000mg/天来施用。在各个实施方案中,其它药剂是以0.1-0.5mg/天、0.5-1.0mg/天、1.0-1.5mg/天、1.5-2.0mg/天、2.0-2.5mg/天、2.5-5mg/天、5-10mg/天、10-15mg/天、15-20mg/天、20-25mg/天、25-30mg/天、30-35mg/天、35-40mg/天、40-45mg/天、45-50mg/天、50-55mg/天、55-60mg/天、60-65mg/天、65-70mg/天、70-75mg/天、75-80mg/天、80-85mg/天、85-90mg/天、90-95mg/天或95-100mg/天来施用。
药物组合物
在各个实施方案中,本发明提供包含CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂的组合物。在各个实施方案中,本发明提供包含免疫检查点抑制剂、过继免疫治疗剂、免疫佐剂和免疫调节剂中的至少一种的药物组合物。免疫检查点抑制剂、过继免疫治疗剂、免疫佐剂和免疫调节剂的实例如本文所述。在各个实施方案中,包含CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂的组合物和包含其它药剂的组合物是两种不同的组合物。
根据本发明,可用于治疗哺乳动物中的疾病的CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂和/或其它药剂将经常被制备成大体上不含天然存在的免疫球蛋白或其它生物分子。当向哺乳动物施用时,优选的CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂和/或其它药剂还将表现出最小的毒性。
根据本发明的药物组合物可以含有任何药学上可接受的赋形剂。“药学上可接受的赋形剂”意指可用于制备通常是安全、无毒和期望的药物组合物的赋形剂,并且包括对于兽用和人药物使用而言可接受的赋形剂。此类赋形剂可以是固体、液体、半固体或在气雾剂组合物的情况下是气体。赋形剂的实例包括但不限于:淀粉、糖、微晶纤维素、稀释剂、成粒剂、润滑剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、润湿剂、乳化剂、着色剂、释放剂、包衣剂、甜味剂、调味剂、芳香剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、增塑剂、胶凝剂、增稠剂、硬化剂、定型剂、悬浮剂、表面活性剂、保湿剂、载体、稳定剂及其组合。
在各个实施方案中,根据本发明的药物组合物可以被配制成经由任何施用途径来递送。“施用途径”可以指本领域中已知的任何施用途径,包括但不限于气雾剂、经鼻、口服、经粘膜、经皮、肠胃外、肠内、外用或局部。“肠胃外”是指通常与注射相关的施用途径,包括眼眶内、输注、动脉内、囊内、心内、皮内、肌肉内、腹膜内、肺内、脊柱内、胸骨内、鞘内、子宫内、静脉内、蛛网膜下、囊下、皮下、经粘膜或经气管。经由肠胃外途径,组合物可以是用于输注或注射的溶液剂或混悬剂形式,或者作为冻干粉末。经由肠胃外途径,组合物可以是用于输注或注射的溶液剂或混悬剂形式。经由肠内途径,药物组合物可以是片剂、凝胶胶囊、糖衣片剂、糖浆剂、混悬剂、溶液剂、粉剂、颗粒剂、乳剂、允许控制释放的微球或纳米球或脂质囊泡或聚合物囊泡形式。通常,通过注射施用组合物。用于这些施用的方法是本领域技术人员已知的。
根据本发明的药物组合物可以含有任何药学上可接受的载体。如本文中所使用,“药学上可接受的载体”是指参与将目标化合物从身体的一个组织、器官或部分携载或运送到身体的另一个组织、器官或部分的药学上可接受的材料、组合物或媒介物。例如,载体可以是液体或固体填充剂、稀释剂、赋形剂、溶剂或封装材料或其组合。载体的每个组分必须是“药学上可接受的”,因为它必须与制剂的其它成分相容。它还必须适用于与它可能接触的任何组织或器官接触,这意味着它不能携带毒性、刺激性、过敏反应、免疫原性或过度超过其治疗益处的任何其它并发症的风险。
根据本发明的药物组合物还可以被封装、压片或制备成用于口服的乳剂或糖浆剂。药学上可接受的固体或液体载体可以被添加来增强或稳定该组合物,或便于该组合物的制备。液体载体包括糖浆、花生油、橄榄油、甘油、盐水、醇和水。固体载体包括淀粉、乳糖、硫酸钙二水合物、石膏粉、硬脂酸镁或硬脂酸、滑石、果胶、阿拉伯胶、琼脂或明胶。所述载体还可以包括持续释放材料,诸如单硬脂酸甘油酯或二硬脂酸甘油酯(单独或与蜡一起使用)。
按照常规制药技术制备药物制剂,所述技术包括研磨、混合、制粒和在必要时压缩(对于片剂形式);或研磨、混合和填充(对于硬明胶胶囊形式)。当使用液体载体时,制剂将是糖浆剂、酏剂、乳剂或水性或非水性混悬剂形式。这样的液体制剂可以直接口服或填充到软明胶胶囊中。
根据本发明的药物组合物可以以治疗有效量递送。精确的治疗有效量是组合物将在给定的受试者中产生就治疗功效而言最有效的结果的量。这个量将根据多种因素而变化,所述因素包括但不限于:治疗化合物的特性(包括活性、药代动力学、药效学和生物利用度)、受试者的生理状况(包括年龄、性别、疾病类型和阶段、一般身体状况、对给定剂量的反应性和用药类型)、制剂中的一种或多种药学上可接受的载体的性质以及施用途径。临床和药理领域的技术人员将能够通过常规实验来确定治疗有效量,例如,通过监测受试者对施用化合物的反应并相应地调整剂量。有关其它指导,参见Remington:TheScienceandPracticeofPharmacy(Gennaro编辑,第20版,Williams&WilkinsPA,USA)(2000)。
在向患者施用前,可以将助剂加入到组合物中。液体制剂可以是优选的。例如,这些助剂可以包括油、聚合物、维生素、碳水化合物、氨基酸、盐、缓冲液、白蛋白、表面活性剂、增量剂或其组合。
碳水化合物助剂包括糖或糖醇,诸如单糖、二糖、或多糖或水溶性葡聚糖。糖类或葡聚糖可以包括果糖、右旋糖、乳糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖、山梨糖、木糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖、葡聚糖、普鲁兰(pullulan)、糊精、α和β环糊精、可溶性淀粉、羟乙基淀粉和羧甲基纤维素或其混合物。“糖醇”被定义为具有-OH基团的C4至C8烃,并且包括半乳糖醇、肌醇、甘露醇、木糖醇、山梨糖醇、丙三醇和阿拉伯糖醇。以上提及的这些糖或糖醇可以单独或组合使用。对于使用量没有固定限制,只要糖或糖醇可溶于水性制剂中即可。在一个实施方案中,糖或糖醇的浓度介于1.0w/v%与7.0w/v%之间,更优选介于2.0w/v%与6.0w/v%之间。
氨基酸助剂包括肉毒碱、精氨酸和甜菜碱的左旋(L)形式;然而,可以添加其它氨基酸。
在一些实施方案中,作为助剂的聚合物包括平均分子量在2,000和3,000之间的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)或平均分子量在3,000和5,000之间的聚乙二醇(PEG)。
还优选在组合物中使用缓冲剂来使冻干前或复水后的溶液中的pH变化最小化。可以使用大多数任何生理缓冲剂,包括但不限于柠檬酸盐、磷酸盐、琥珀酸盐和谷氨酸盐缓冲剂或其混合物。在一些实施方案中,浓度为0.01至0.3摩尔浓度。可以添加到制剂中的表面活性剂示于欧洲专利第270,799和268,110号中。
用于增加循环半衰期的另一种药物递送系统是脂质体。制备脂质体递送系统的方法论述于Gabizon等人,CancerResearch(1982)42:4734;Cafiso,BiochemBiophysActa(1981)649:129和Szoka,AnnRevBiophysEng(1980)9:467中。其它药物递送系统是本领域中已知的并且描述于例如Poznansky等人,DRUGDELIVERYSYSTEMS(R.L.Juliano编辑,Oxford,N.Y.1980),第253-315页;M.L.Poznansky,PharmRevs(1984)36:277。
在制备得到液体药物组合物后,可以将其冻干以防止降解并保持无菌。用于冻干液体组合物的方法是本领域普通技术人员已知的。在即将使用前,组合物可以用无菌稀释剂(例如,林格氏溶液(Ringer′ssolution)、蒸馏水或无菌盐水)复水,该无菌稀释剂可以包括其它成分。复水后,使用本领域技术人员已知的那些方法将组合物施用给受试者。
本发明的组合物可以通过众所周知的常规灭菌技术进行灭菌。所得溶液可以包装待用或在无菌条件下过滤并冻干,冻干制剂在施用前与无菌溶液组合。组合物可以视需要含有药学上可接受的辅助物质以接近生理条件,诸如pH调节剂和缓冲剂、渗透调节剂等(例如,乙酸钠、乳酸钠、氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化钙)和稳定剂(例如,1-20%麦芽糖等)。
本发明的试剂盒
在各个实施方案中,本发明提供了用于治疗、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展的试剂盒。所述试剂盒包括含有CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂的组合物和关于使用该组合物来治疗、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展的说明书。
在各个实施方案中,本发明提供了用于治疗、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展的试剂盒。所述试剂盒包括包含CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂的组合物以及包含选自由免疫检查点抑制剂、过继免疫治疗剂、免疫佐剂和免疫调节剂组成的组的至少一种其它药剂的组合物;以及关于使用该组合物来治疗、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展的说明书。
试剂盒是材料或组分的集合件,其包括本发明组合物中的至少一种。因此,在一些实施方案中,试剂盒含有包括与上述治疗剂复合的药物递送分子的组合物。
在本发明试剂盒中配置的组分的确切性质取决于其预期目的。在一个实施方案中,试剂盒被配置成特别用于治疗哺乳动物受试者的目的。在另一个实施方案中,试剂盒被配置成特别用于治疗人受试者的目的。在进一步的实施方案中,试剂盒被配置成用于兽医应用,治疗诸如但不限于农场动物、家畜和实验室动物的受试者。
试剂盒中可以包括使用说明书。“使用说明书”通常包括描述在使用试剂盒的组分来影响所需结果时所采用的技术的有形表达。任选地,试剂盒还含有其它有用的组分,诸如稀释剂、缓冲液、药学上可接受的载体、注射器、导管、涂药器、移液或测量工具、包扎材料或本领域技术人员将容易认识到的其它有用的用具。
集合在试剂盒中的材料或组分可以以保持其可操作性和实用性的任何方便和合适的方式储存起来提供给从业人员。例如,组分可以是溶解、脱水或冻干的形式;它们可以在室温、冷藏或冷冻温度下提供。组分通常包含在适当的包装材料中。如本文中所使用,短语“包装材料”是指用于容纳试剂盒的内容物如本发明的组合物等的一个或多个物理结构。包装材料通过熟知的方法来构建,优选用于提供无菌无污染的环境。如本文中所使用,术语“包装”是指能够容纳个别试剂盒组分的合适的固体基质或材料,诸如玻璃、塑料、纸、箔等。因此,例如,包装可以是用于容纳合适量的含有CD淋巴细胞耗竭剂的组合物或含有CD淋巴细胞耗竭剂和选自由免疫检查点抑制剂、过继免疫治疗剂、免疫佐剂和免疫调节剂组成的组的至少一种其它药剂的组合物的玻璃小瓶。包装材料通常具有指示试剂盒和/或其组分的内容物和/或目的的外部标签。
本发明的剂量
在一些实施方案中,CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂在要求保护的方法、组合物和/或试剂盒中的有效量可以在约100-200mg/天、200-300mg/天、300-400mg/天、400-500mg/天、500-600mg/天、600-700mg/天、700-800mg/天、800-900mg/天、900-1000mg/天、1000-1100mg/天、1100-1200mg/天、1200-1300mg/天、1300-1400mg/天、1400-1500mg/天、1500-1600mg/天、1600-1700mg/天、1700-1800mg/天、1800-1900mg/天或1900-2000mg/天的范围内。在本发明的一个实施方案中,CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂是人源化抗CD4抗体(例如扎木单抗)。
在其它实施方案中,CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂在要求保护的方法、组合物和/或试剂盒中的有效量可以在约100-200mg/周、200-300mg/周、300-400mg/周、400-500mg/周、500-600mg/周、600-700mg/周、700-800mg/周、800-900mg/周、900-1000mg/周、1000-1100mg/周、1100-1200mg/周、1200-1300mg/周、1300-1400mg/周、1400-1500mg/周、1500-1600mg/周、1600-1700mg/周、1700-1800mg/周、1800-1900mg/周或1900-2000mg/周的范围内。在本发明的一个实施方案中,CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂是人源化抗CD4抗体(例如扎木单抗)。扎木单抗可以以980mg/周的剂量施用。
在一些实施方案中,其它药剂在要求保护的方法、组合物和/或试剂盒中的有效量可以在约0.1-0.5mg/天、0.5-1.0mg/天、1.0-1.5mg/天、1.5-2mg/天、2.0-2.5mg/天、2.5-5mg/天、5-10mg/天、10-15mg/天、15-20mg/天、20-25mg/天、25-30mg/天、30-35mg/天、35-40mg/天、40-45mg/天、45-50mg/天、50-55mg/天、55-60mg/天、60-65mg/天、65-70mg/天、70-75mg/天、75-80mg/天、80-85mg/天、85-90mg/天、90-95mg/天、95-100mg/天、0.75-10mg/天或2-10mg/天的范围内。在各个实施方案中,其它药剂是免疫检查点抑制剂、过继免疫治疗剂、免疫佐剂或免疫调节剂中的任一种。
在一些实施方案中,其它药剂在要求保护的方法、组合物和/或试剂盒中的有效量可以在约1-5mg/周、5-10mg/周、10-15mg/周、15-20mg/周、20-25mg/周、25-30mg/周、30-35mg/周、35-40mg/周、40-45mg/周、45-50mg/周、50-55mg/周、55-60mg/周、60-65mg/周、65-70mg/周、70-75mg/天、75-80mg/mg、80-85mg/mg、85-90mg/周、90-95mg/周或95-100mg/周的范围内。在各个实施方案中,其它药剂是免疫检查点抑制剂、过继免疫治疗剂、免疫佐剂或免疫调节剂中的任一种。
在一些实施方案中,所述至少一种其它药剂包括以每周25mg的剂量施用30-60分钟的替西罗莫司、以每天0.75-10mg的剂量施用的依维莫司和/或以每天2-10mg的剂量施用的雷帕霉素。
在本发明所要求保护的方法的一个实施方案中,CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂和其它药剂可以使用适当的施用方式(例如,由制造商针对CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂和其它试剂中的每种所推荐的施用方式)以上述剂量同时施用。
或者,CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂和其它药剂可以以上述剂量依序施用。例如,其它药剂可以例如每天以上述剂量施用,且CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂(例如,人源化抗CD4抗体)可以例如每天、每周、每两周、每两星期和/或每月以上述剂量施用。或者,其它药剂可以例如每天、每周、每两周、每两星期和/或每月以上述剂量施用,且CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂(例如,人源化抗CD4抗体)可以例如每天以上述剂量施用。此外,其它药剂和CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂(例如,人源化抗CD4抗体)中的每种可以每天、每周、每两周、每两星期和/或每月施用,其中以上述剂量施用其它药剂的日期与以上述剂量施用CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂的日期不同。
癌症疫苗剂量将取决于所使用的疫苗。癌症疫苗的有效剂量可以由本领域技术人员(如医生)确定,或者其可以根据制造商的建议进行施用。在一个实施方案中,癌症疫苗的第一剂量是在第0天施用,且第二剂量是在第7天施用。其它药剂可以在第2-32天以上述剂量施用。另外,可以在第10天开始以上述剂量施用2-3个周剂量的抗CD4耗竭剂。例如,如果使用基于热激蛋白的疫苗,则热激蛋白(例如,hsp110或grp170)可以与肿瘤抗原(如gp100)复合并且随后施用。在一个实施方案中,对于黑色素瘤疫苗来说,可以皮内施用2.5mg/kg的hsp110和gp100的复合物。
有效量的CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂或其它药剂的典型剂量可以在制造商所推荐的范围内(其中使用已知的治疗化合物),并且另外如通过在细胞中的体外反应或在动物模型中的体内反应向本领域技术人员所指示。
例如,替西罗莫司的FDA批准剂量为每周历时30-60min静脉内施用25mg,对于依维莫司是每天口服0.75mg-10mg,对于雷帕霉素是每天口服约2-10mg,并且对于扎木单抗是每周静脉内施用约980mg。可以根据本发明的各个实施方案使用相同或相似的剂量,或者可以结合本发明的替代实施方案使用替代剂量。实际剂量可以取决于医生的判断、患者的状况和治疗方法的有效性,该有效性基于例如相关的培养细胞或组织培养的组织样本的体外反应性或在适当的动物模型中所观察到的反应。
实施例
以下实施例只是为了说明目的而提供并且无意以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
实施例1:实验方法
小鼠和肿瘤细胞
雌性C57BL/6J、BALB/c小鼠和Pmel-1小鼠(6-8周龄)购自Jacksonlaboratory(BarHarbor,ME)并圈养在无病原条件下。FoxP3-GFP转基因小鼠在小鼠Foxp3(叉头框P3)启动子的控制下表达绿色荧光蛋白。DEREG(调节性T细胞耗竭)转基因小鼠根据T.S.LahlK、LoddenkemperC、DrouinC、FreyerJ、AmasonJ、EberlG等人,JExpMed.2007;204:57-63描述来产生。所有涉及动物的实验均符合联邦和州标准,所述标准包括联邦动物福利法案(federalAnimalWelfareAct)和NIH实验室动物照护和使用指南。
用人gp100(人黑色素瘤抗原)转导B16细胞(小鼠黑色素瘤细胞系)(B16-gp100)。RENCA是鼠肾细胞癌(RCC)细胞系。将所述细胞维持在补充有10%热灭活型胎牛血清(FBS;LifeTechnologies,GrandIsland,NY)、2mmol/LL-谷氨酰胺、100个单位/mL青霉素和100μg/mL链霉素的DMEM或RPMI1640培养基中。
通过皮下注射2x105个细胞至侧腹中产生小鼠肿瘤:B16肿瘤注射至C57BL/6小鼠中以及RENCA肿瘤注射至Balb/C小鼠中。用卡尺每周测量肿瘤直径两次,并且计算肿瘤体积(最短直径2×最长直径/2)。在肺转移模型中,通过尾静脉静脉内注射肿瘤细胞。使用解剖显微镜对肺转移计数。
抗体和试剂
以下单克隆抗体(mAb)(含或不含荧光缀合物)从Biolegen d(SanDiego)获得:抗CD4(GK1.5和RM4-5)、抗CD8(53-6.7)、抗CD16/CD32(9.3)、抗CD90.1(OX-7)、抗CD11c(N418)、抗Bcl2(BCL/10C4)、抗T-bet(4B10)、抗CD62L(MEL-14)、抗CD279(PD-1,29F.1A12)、抗FoxP3(FJK-16s)、抗IFN-γ(XMG1.2)、抗IL-2(JES6.5H4)、抗IL-4(11B11)、IL-17A(eBio1787).CellTrace5-(和6-)羧基荧光素二乙酸盐琥珀酰亚胺酯(CFSE)细胞增殖试剂盒购自MolecularProbes(Eugene,OR)。替西罗莫司购自LCLaboratory(Woburn,MA)。
T细胞富集和Treg分选
收集小鼠脾和淋巴结并处理成单细胞悬浮液。使用小鼠CD8或CD4回收柱试剂盒(CedarlaneLabs,Burlington,NC)负性富集CD8和CD4T细胞。阴性选择后的CD8和CD4细胞的纯度大于85%。通过MoFlo细胞分选仪(FortCollins,CO)分选FoxP3-GFP细胞或抗体染色的CD4+CD25+细胞。
DC的制备和T细胞刺激
已经描述了DC制备(WangY、WangXY、SubjeckJR、ShrikantPA、KimHL.BrJCancer.2011;104:643-52)。简单地说,从股骨和胫骨收获小鼠骨髓,然后以1x106个细胞/孔的密度连同10%FBS和10ng/ml小鼠GM-CSF一起放置在12孔板中。每2天供养细胞一次并在7-9天后收获。75-90%的细胞是CD11c阳性的。为了制备用于治疗小鼠的DC疫苗,DC用肿瘤细胞裂解物脉冲,并用10ug/mlCpG激活。将DC皮下注射到小鼠中。对于Pmel-1细胞的体外激活,用10ng/ml小鼠gp100肽(氨基酸25-33,其由H2-DbI类分子呈现,AlphaDiagnosticInternational,SanAntonio,TX)使DC脉冲,并用10ug/mlCpG活化2小时。用PBS洗涤DC,并与CFSE标记的Pmel-1细胞共培养。通过FACscan分析Pmel-1细胞增殖。
过继转移、CD4细胞耗竭和mTOR抑制
从初次用于实验的Pmel-1小鼠的淋巴结和脾分离出Pmel-1淋巴细胞。使用Cedarlane纯化柱通过阴性选择使CD8淋巴细胞富集。所得细胞的至少85%是CD8+。将5x105个细胞转移至B57BL/6小鼠中。在过继转移后的第二天,小鼠接受经肿瘤裂解物脉冲的DC疫苗。为了使CD4细胞耗竭,在约7和9天后施用αCD4;对小鼠腹膜内注射250ugCD4mAb(克隆GK1.5)。为了使CD8细胞耗竭,小鼠接受250ugCD8mAb(克隆2.43)。为了使DEREG小鼠中的FoxP3细胞耗竭,注射5μgDT。使用流式细胞术来确认靶细胞的耗竭。对于mTor抑制剂治疗而言,每天腹膜内注射15μg替西罗莫司,持续2周。使用流式细胞术来分析记忆细胞和Treg细胞。
体内CTL分析
已经描述了体内CTL测定(WangY、WangXY、SubjeckJR、ShrikantPA、KimHL.BrJCancer.2011;104:643-52)。简言之,从初次用于实验的小鼠获得脾细胞的单细胞悬浮液(1x107个细胞/ml)并在含有10%FBS的DMEM中于37℃下用或不用10μM肽脉冲30min。然后用不同浓度的CFSE(0.5或12.5uM)以2x107个细胞/mlPBS/0.1%BSA标记每个细胞群体。通过添加等体积的FBS历时1min来停止CFSE标记,并用RPMI完全培养基洗涤3次。将来自每个肽脉冲或未脉冲的群体的5x106个细胞混合并静脉注射到免疫的和未免疫的小鼠中。在转移后16小时,处死小鼠,并收集脾细胞。制备脾细胞的单细胞悬浮液,并通过流式细胞术进行分析。荧光供体脾细胞的特异性裂解百分比计算如下:[(未脉冲目标数xA-脉冲目标数)/未脉冲目标数xA]×100,其中A=未免疫受体小鼠中的[脉冲目标数/未脉冲目标数]。
统计学
使用重复测量ANOVA评估肿瘤生长的差异。通过双尾学生T检验评价肺转移数量、体内CTL杀伤率和来自流式细胞术的平均百分比之间的统计差异。使用Stata8.0(StataCorp,CollegeStation,Texas)进行所有统计分析。P值<0.05被认为是显著的。
实施例2:mTOR抑制增强抗肿瘤克疫
在动物模型中,药理学mTOR抑制可以增强免疫记忆的形成,这可有助于清除感染和减少肿瘤生长。这是一个出乎意料的发现,因为mTOR抑制剂被用来抑制已经接受实体器官移植的患者的免疫系统。替西罗莫司是雷帕霉素类似物以及被美国食品药品管理局(FDA)批准作为癌症治疗的最初mTOR抑制剂之一。在临床前模型中,使用替西罗莫司进行mTOR抑制增强肿瘤裂解物脉冲的DC(在此被称为DC疫苗)的抗肿瘤免疫(图1a)。替西罗莫司可以直接抑制一些肿瘤的生长,因此,进行肿瘤预防研究来评估替西罗莫司的免疫作用。通过在肿瘤激发前13天施用DC疫苗和替西罗莫司,不存在直接抗肿瘤作用的可能性,并且肿瘤生长的任何减少可以归因于免疫刺激。单独施用DC疫苗减少小鼠中的B16肿瘤细胞的生长,然而大多数小鼠最终由于肿瘤生长而死亡。相反地,DC疫苗和替西罗莫司的组合获得100%的存活率,并且完全防止B16肿瘤细胞的生长。
为了评估替西罗莫司对特定CD8淋巴细胞的免疫作用,将Thy1.1Pmel-1淋巴细胞过继转移到Thy1.2B6小鼠中(图1b)。Pmel-1转基因小鼠携带识别由H2-DbMHCI类分子呈现的gp100表位(氨基酸25-33)的重排T细胞受体。在B6小鼠用DC疫苗和替西罗莫司处理,从中收获淋巴细胞。当与DC疫苗一起施用时,替西罗莫司既有免疫刺激作用,又有免疫抑制作用。替西罗莫司略微降低是Pmel-1淋巴细胞的CD8细胞的百分比(p值0.08),然而,Pmel-1淋巴细胞具有增加的Eomes表达,Eomes是记忆细胞形成的早期标记物。潜在的免疫遏制作用包括Pmel-1淋巴细胞中Tbet表达的减少以及Treg的增加。这些观察结果主要由体外混合淋巴细胞培养研究反映(图1c)。在体外研究中,替西罗莫司显著降低由DC疫苗诱导的Pmel-1淋巴细胞的增殖。
实施例3:CD4耗竭增强mTor抑制的抗肿瘤作用
替西罗莫司产生净抗肿瘤免疫反应,然而Treg增加。此外,肿瘤本身的存在也增加Treg(图8)。因此,我们假设由mTOR抑制诱导的抗肿瘤免疫力可以通过靶向Treg进一步增强。目前还没有选择性地消除Treg的临床策略;然而,使所有CD4淋巴细胞耗竭是可行的。然而,免疫激活需要CD4效应细胞。因此,在小鼠模型中,在由肿瘤植入物进行免疫刺激之后的第6天开始用αCD4抗体(αCD4)耗竭CD4淋巴细胞(图2)。图1示出了小鼠黑素瘤模型的结果。在肾细胞癌(另一种经典的免疫敏感性肿瘤)的第二模型中测试这种方法。在肿瘤治疗模型中,在Balb/c小鼠中建立可触及的RENCA肿瘤。替西罗莫司已经显示直接抑制体外RENCA肿瘤细胞的生长(WangY、WangXY、SubjeckJR、ShrikantPA、KimHL.BrJCancer.2011;104:643-52)并且在小鼠模型中能有效地减少肿瘤生长(图2a)。向替西罗莫司治疗中添加αCD4进一步减少肿瘤生长,而单独αCD4是没有效果。令人感兴趣地注意到,即使当不使用癌症疫苗并且植入肿瘤是特异性免疫刺激的唯一来源时,αCD4和替西罗莫司的组合仍然减少肿瘤生长。
在相同的实验中,在第45天收获淋巴细胞并且评估其肿瘤特异性IFN-γ反应(图2b)。在没有接受处理的荷瘤小鼠中,没有IFN-γ反应。使用αCD4或替西罗莫司进行处理产生了一些IFN-γ反应;然而,组合处理产生最大的IFN-γ反应。为表征响应于αCD4的CD4淋巴细胞耗竭,用单剂量的αCD4处理初次用于实验的小鼠。几乎所有CD4细胞第二天都从外周血、脾和淋巴结中耗竭(图2c),而CD8细胞被保存(图2d)。重要的是,FoxP3+CD4+细胞被耗竭并且甚至在施用αCD4后的10天仍然很低(图2e)。单剂量αCD4减少所有CD4子集的群体(图9)。
实施例4:CD4耗竭和替西罗莫司的组合产生依赖于记忆CD8细胞的抗肿瘤免疫
由于替西罗莫司可以具有直接抗肿瘤作用,重要的是确定αCD4和替西罗莫司的组合产生依赖于CD8淋巴细胞的有效抗肿瘤免疫。用替西罗莫司单独处理具有RENCA肿瘤的Balb/c小鼠10天,然后用第二RENCA肿瘤激发(图3a)。被注射αCD8抗体(αCD8)以耗竭CD8效应细胞的小鼠具有增加的第二RENCA肿瘤的生长,这表明即使单独的替西罗莫司也至少部分通过刺激免疫反应起作用。替西罗莫司和αCD4的组合完全阻止第二RENCA肿瘤的生长;然而,αCD8消除了对第二肿瘤的抗肿瘤作用,这表明细胞免疫对肿瘤控制的重要性(图3b)。
为了在更具侵袭性的肿瘤模型中进一步确立免疫系统的作用并测试我们提出的治疗,我们评估了抗肿瘤免疫力是否可以转移来防止转移性肺沉积物的生长。αCD4和替西罗莫司的组合被用来处理确立的皮下RENCA肿瘤(图3c)。将来自这些小鼠的淋巴细胞过继转移到用RENCA细胞静脉内激发的初次用于实验的小鼠中。如通过比较肺重量(图3d)和肺沉积物计数(图3e)所量化,组合处理显著降低肺沉积物的建立和生长(图3c)。因此,记忆细胞被成功转移到初次用于实验的小鼠中,在其中它们有助于控制肿瘤生长。通过使CD8细胞耗竭,证明抗肿瘤活性依赖于CD8细胞。通过将CD8淋巴细胞从经过治疗的小鼠转移到初次用于实验的小鼠中进一步确认了免疫刺激。在非常具有侵袭性的肿瘤模型中,转移的淋巴细胞能有效地控制转移沉积物的生长。
实施例5:CD4耗竭和替西罗莫司处理的组合增强CD8记忆细胞的功能
替西罗莫司抑制肿瘤生长的重要机制是提高特异性CD8记忆的质量。因此,我们表征CD8记忆细胞的质量,目的是评估αCD4是否进一步增强在mTOR抑制的存在下形成的特异性CD8记忆。我们使用了其中DC疫苗刺激免疫反应而不是肿瘤本身的模型,因为使用荷瘤小鼠的实验的持续时间受对照组中的迅速肿瘤生长的限制。通过使用DC疫苗,可以评估长期记忆,包括回忆应答。将Thy1.1Pmel-1淋巴细胞过继转移到B6小鼠中,然后用B16-DC疫苗激发B6小鼠并用αCD4和替西罗莫司进行处理(图4a)。
为了评估记忆细胞,在于第46天用DC疫苗再激发小鼠之前(图4b)或之后(图4c)收获脾细胞。在即将再激发之前,实验组中的Pmel-1淋巴细胞的百分比没有显著差异(图4b)。然而,来自经过αCD4和替西罗莫司二者处理的小鼠的CD8淋巴细胞具有显著更高的记忆标记物Eomes和BCL2的表达。这个组中的CD8淋巴细胞具有显著更高的CD62L表达,CD62L是高度有效的中央记忆细胞的标记物。与高质量记忆细胞相一致,在用DC疫苗再激发后,组合处理组中的Pmel-1细胞具有最大的扩增并且CD8细胞具有最高的Tbet和IL2表达(图4c)。有趣的是,即使在再激发后,组合处理组中的扩增的CD8细胞仍具有最高的Eomes(早期记忆标记物)表达。组合治疗产生的CD8淋巴细胞具有能够响应于重复抗原激发迅速扩增的最强记忆表型。在我们的模型中,Treg存在于免疫致敏期间,因为在免疫刺激后的至少6天开始CD4耗竭。
其他人已经报道,Treg在免疫致敏期间对CD8记忆形成是必要的。因此,在我们的治疗模型中,在初次免疫刺激的至少6天后使Treg耗竭。然而,我们已经核实了在免疫致敏期间具有CD4细胞的重要性。当在免疫致敏之前进行CD4耗竭时,CD8记忆形成是不良的,如在刺激记忆细胞后的弱肿瘤特异性CD8扩展和低Eomes表达所指示(图10)。
实施例6:耗竭或置换Foxp3Treg细胞改变体内CTL功能
我们最初的假设是通常由替西罗莫司诱导的Treg耗竭将增强抗肿瘤免疫力。我们选择CD4耗竭作为使Treg耗竭的策略,因为CD4耗竭在患者中是可行的。然而,我们想要测试CD4耗竭的影响是否可以直接归于Treg耗竭。因此,我们使用DEREG(调节性T细胞耗竭)转基因小鼠,它携带在Foxp3启动子控制下的DTR-eGFP转基因,从而允许通过施用白喉毒素(DT)特异性耗竭Treg(LahlK、LoddenkemperC、DrouinC、FreyerJ、ArnasonJ、EberlG等人,JExpMed.2007;204:57-63.)。在与图2中所示的实验类似的实验中,在第6天和第10天施用DT来代替αCD4(图5a)。用DC疫苗刺激免疫系统并且在第35天通过体内CTL评估特异性免疫记忆(图5c)。DT施用消除了几乎所有的CD4+FoxP3+淋巴细胞(图5b)。当与对照组相比时,在经过DT和替西罗莫司处理的小鼠中特异性杀伤显著提高(图5c,最右边的一组)。因此,去除Treg具有类似于CD4耗竭的免疫作用。
为了充分确定Treg耗竭作为CD4耗竭后的免疫刺激的潜在机制,在CD4耗竭后置换Treg(图6a)。如通过体内CTL所评估,经过αCD4和替西罗莫司处理的小鼠发展出最佳的特异性免疫记忆(图6b)。然而,当来自经过DC疫苗处理的小鼠的Treg被过继转移时,特异性杀伤下降到仅接受DC疫苗的对照小鼠的水平(图6b,最右边的图)。这些实验证实:在利用αCD4的情况下,是Treg耗竭增强了特异性免疫记忆形成。
实施例7:在CD4耗竭后,最终恢复的Treg群体的免疫抑制性较低
在使用DC疫苗、αCD4和替西罗莫司进行处理后,Treg群体最终恢复(图7a)。在不同实验组之间,脾中的Treg绝对数量的差异并非是统计显著的。然而,所述治疗可以对Treg具有长期影响。因此,我们评估了恢复的Treg的免疫抑制功能。基于CD25状态分选CD4淋巴细胞(图7b)。绝大多数CD4+CD25+细胞都是FoxP3阳性的并且被认为是Treg,且绝大多数CD4+CD25-细胞是FoxP3阴性的并且被认为是CD4效应细胞。在功能研究中,对照CD4+CD25+细胞遏制CD8淋巴细胞的增殖。然而,在CD4耗竭后恢复的CD4+CD25+的免疫抑制性较低,这可能是因为它们不太可能是肿瘤特异性Treg(图7d)。有趣的是,在CD4耗竭后,恢复的CD4效应细胞也不太有效,如由较低的IFNγ和IL4分泌所指示(图7c)。可能的是,CD4效应细胞和Treg都不太可能是肿瘤特异性的。
免疫治疗方法已证明可有效地治疗实体瘤。FDA批准了sipuleucel-T,其成为用于治疗实体瘤的第一个市售的癌症疫苗。易普利单抗(靶向CTLA4的单克隆抗体)最近被批准用于治疗黑色素瘤。靶向CTLA4和PD-1的免疫检查点抑制剂正在针对各种恶性疾病的大量临床试验中积极进行研究。一直存在迹象表明基于免疫的疗法甚至可以治愈患有转移性疾病的患者的亚群,但免疫疗法的最新进展重新确认持久的完全反应是可能的。因此,免疫疗法是癌症治疗的最有前途的方法之一。
实施例8:CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂和过继免疫治疗剂的组合增强抗肿瘤作用
将B16肿瘤细胞植入到DREG小鼠中,DREG小鼠是被工程改造来在FoxP3启动子之后表达白喉毒素受体的B6小鼠。小鼠在第2天接受用肿瘤裂解物脉冲的DC疫苗。用白喉毒素使Treg特异性耗竭并且在第6天和第10天利用αCD4抗体去除CD4细胞。监测肿瘤生长。*p=0.05,**p=0.0009。如图11中所示,当与单独的DC疫苗相比时,CD4淋巴细胞耗竭和DC疫苗的组合增强抗肿瘤效果。
实施例9:CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂和免疫检查点抑制剂的组合增强抗肿瘤作用
将B16肿瘤细胞植入到B6小鼠中。在第0天。在第6天和第10天用αCD4抗体使CD4细胞耗竭。在第10至第24天用αPD-1抗体处理小鼠。监测肿瘤生长。*p=0.02。如图12中所示,当与单独的抗PD-1抗体相比时,CD4淋巴细胞耗竭和抗PD-1抗体的组合增强抗肿瘤效果。
实施例10:抗CD4抗体展现抗肿瘤活性
在第0天,将RENCA-CA9肿瘤细胞植入到Balb/C小鼠中(n=5/组)。在第6天和第10天用αCD4抗体使CD4淋巴细胞耗竭(图13A)。在第45天收获淋巴细胞,用CA9肽再刺激,并且针对CD8和IFNγ染色。结果代表重复实验(图13B)。对于体外CTL测定,在第45天收获脾细胞并用IL2、RENCA裂解物和CA9肽进行培养。通过用CFSE标记RENCA细胞制备靶细胞。以50∶1的比率共培养效应细胞和靶细胞,并通过FACS分析为7-AAD阳性和膜联蛋白V阴性的CFSE+细胞的百分比(图13C)。直方图提供平均值+SEM。*p<0.05。B16肿瘤生长曲线显示:抗CD4抗体具有抗肿瘤作用(图13D)。如图13中所示,CD4耗竭产生能够在肿瘤抗原的存在下激活和杀伤肿瘤细胞的肿瘤特异性CD8细胞。
实施例11:CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂、过继免疫治疗剂和mTOR抑制剂的组合增强抗肿瘤作用
在第0天,将B16肿瘤细胞皮下注射到B6小鼠的侧腹中(n=5/组)。小鼠在第3天接受用肿瘤裂解物脉冲的DC疫苗,并且在第6天和第9天进行CD4淋巴细胞耗竭(使用抗CD4抗体)。在第9天至第20天,每天腹膜内注射替西罗莫司。示出了具有SEM的B16肿瘤生长曲线。**p<0.001。如图14中所示,CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂、树突细胞疫苗和mTOR抑制剂(替西罗莫司)的组合有效地控制肿瘤的生长。
上述的各种方法和技术提供了用于实施本申请的多种方式。当然,应当理解的是,根据本文所描述的任何特定实施方案并不一定能够实现所描述的所有目标或优点。因此,例如,本领域技术人员将认识到,可以以实现或优化如本文所教导的一个优点或一组优点而不一定实现如本文所教导或表明的其它目标或优点的方式来执行所述方法。本文中提及了多种替代方案。应该理解的是,一些优选的实施方案明确地包括一种、另一种或若干特征,而其它实施方案明确地排除一种、另一种或若干特征,而还有其它实施方案通过包括一种、另一种或若干有利特征而缓和一种具体特征。
此外,熟练的技术人员将认识到来自不同实施方案的各种特征的适用性。类似地,以上所讨论的不同的要素、特征和步骤以及对于每个此类要素、特征或步骤的其它已知等效物可以由本领域的普通技术人员以各种组合使用,以根据本文所述的原则执行方法。在不同的实施方案中,在不同的要素、特征和步骤之中,一些将明确地被包括,而其它明确地被排除。
虽然已经在某些实施方案和实施例的上下文中公开了本申请,但本领域技术人员应该理解,本申请的实施方案超出明确公开的实施方案而涵盖其它替代性实施方案和/或其用途和修改和等效物。
本文描述了本申请的优选实施方案,包括发明人已知的用于实施本申请的最佳模式。在阅读上述描述后,那些优选实施方案的变型对于本领域的普通技术人员将变得显而易见。预期熟练的技术人员可以视情况采用这些变型,并且本申请可以以除本文明确描述之外的方式来实践。因此,如适用法律所允许的,本申请的多个实施方案包括所附权利要求中列举的主题的所有修改物和等效物。此外,除非本文中另外指示或显然与上下文矛盾,否则在其所有可能变型中的上述要素的任何组合均包括在本申请中。
本文所参考的所有专利、专利申请、专利申请的公开以及其它材料如文章、书籍、说明书、出版物、文件、事物和/或类似物在此通过引用整体并入本文以用于所有目,除了与此有关的任何起诉文件历史、与本文件不一致或冲突的任何等同物、或对与本文件目前或以后相关的最广泛的权利要求范围可能具有限制性影响的任何等同物。举例来说,如果在与任何并入的材料相关和与本文件相关的术语的说明、定义和/或用途之间存在任何不一致或冲突,则应当以本文件中的说明、定义和/或用途为准。
应该理解,在本文中公开的本申请的实施方案说明了本申请的实施方案的原则。可以采用的其它修改可以在本申请的范围内。因此,通过举例,但不是限制,可以根据本文中的教导来利用本申请的实施方案的替代配置。因此,本申请的实施方案不限于精确地如所示出和描述的那些。
在上文的具体实施方式中描述了本发明的各个实施方案。虽然这些说明直接描述了上述实施方案,但应该理解,本领域技术人员可以设想针对本文所示出和描述的具体实施方案的修改和/或变型。落在本说明的范围内的任何此类修改或变型也旨在被包括在其中。除非明确说明,否则发明人希望在本说明书和权利要求书中的字词和短语对适用领域的普通技术人员指定普通和习惯的含义。
申请人在提交本申请时已知的本发明的各个实施方案的前述描述已经被呈现并且旨在用于说明和描述的目的。本描述无意为详尽性的,也无意将本发明限制于所公开的精确形式,并且许多修改和变型根据上述教导的是可能的。所述的实施方案是用来解释本发明的原则和其实际应用并允许本领域的其它技术人员在各个实施方案中以适于预期的特定用途的各种修改利用本发明。因此,希望本发明不限于为了实施本发明所公开的具体实施方案。
虽然已经示出和描述了本发明的具体实施方案,但对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见的是,基于本文中的教导,可以在不脱离本发明和其更宽广方面的情况下作出改变和修改,并且因此,所附的权利要求将在其范围内包括所有此类改变和修改,它们也在本发明的真实精神和范围内。
Claims (33)
1.一种治疗、预防有需要的受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展的方法,其包括:
提供CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂;
提供选自由免疫检查点抑制剂、过继免疫治疗剂、免疫佐剂和免疫调节剂组成的组的至少一种其它试剂;以及
向所述受试者施用治疗有效量的所述CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂和所述其它药剂,从而治疗、预防所述受试者中的所述病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展。
2.一种治疗、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展的方法,其包括:
提供包含CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂的组合物;以及
向所述受试者施用治疗有效量的所述组合物,从而治疗、预防所述受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述病状是感染性疾病或癌症。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述癌症是肾癌、黑色素瘤、前列腺癌、乳腺癌、胶质母细胞瘤、肺癌、结肠癌或膀胱癌。
5.根据权利要求2或1所述的方法,其中所述受试者是人。
6.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述受试者已被诊断为患有癌症或感染性疾病。
7.根据权利要求2或1所述的方法,其中所述CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂选自由以下组成的组:小分子、肽、抗体或其片段和核酸分子。
8.根据权利要求2或1所述的方法,其中所述CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂是单克隆抗体或其片段、多克隆抗体或其片段、嵌合抗体、人源化抗体、人抗体或其片段或单链抗体。
9.根据权利要求2或1所述的方法,其中所述CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂是人源化抗CD4抗体。
10.根据权利要求2或1所述的方法,其中所述CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂是扎木单抗。
11.根据权利要求2或1所述的方法,其中所述CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂以100-200mg/天、200-300mg/天、300-400mg/天、400-500mg/天、500-600mg/天、600-700mg/天、700-800mg/天、800-900mg/天、900-1000mg/天、1000-1100mg/天、1100-1200mg/天、1200-1300mg/天、1300-1400mg/天、1400-1500mg/天、1500-1600mg/天、1600-1700mg/天、1700-1800mg/天、1800-1900mg/天或1900-2000mg/天施用。
12.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述过继免疫治疗剂是树突细胞疫苗。
13.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述免疫检查点抑制剂是抗PD-1抗体。
14.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述组合物进一步包含mTOR抑制剂。
15.根据权利要求2或1所述的方法,其中所述组合物经静脉内、肌肉内、皮下、腹膜内、经口或经由吸入施用。
16.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂和所述其它药剂同时施用。
17.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂在施用所述其它药剂之前、期间或之后施用。
18.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述其它药剂以0.1-0.5mg/天、0.5-1.0mg/天、1.0-1.5mg/天、1.5-2.0mg/天、2.0-2.5mg/天、2.5-5mg/天、5-10mg/天、10-15mg/天、15-20mg/天、20-25mg/天、25-30mg/天、30-35mg/天、35-40mg/天、40-45mg/天、45-50mg/天、50-55mg/天、55-60mg/天、60-65mg/天、65-70mg/天、70-75mg/天、75-80mg/天、80-85mg/天、85-90mg/天、90-95mg/天或95-100mg/天施用。
19.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述其它药剂是免疫检查点抑制剂。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述免疫检查点抑制剂选自由以下组成的组:抗PD-1抗体、抗PD-L1抗体、抗PD-L2抗体、抗CTLA-4抗体、抗KIR抗体、抗IDO1抗体、抗IDO2抗体、抗TIM-3抗体、抗LAG-3抗体、抗OX40R抗体和抗PS抗体或其组合。
21.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述其它药剂是过继免疫治疗剂。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中所述过继免疫治疗剂选自由以下组成的组:树突细胞疫苗、肽疫苗、基于嵌合T细胞抗原的疗法、免疫细胞因子、基于热激蛋白的疫苗、基于肿瘤溶解物的疫苗、携带肿瘤抗原的病毒载体、病毒疫苗、细菌疫苗和真菌疫苗或其组合。
23.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述其它药剂是免疫佐剂。
24.根据权利要求23所述的方法,其中所述免疫佐剂选自由以下组成的组:铝盐、病毒颗粒和油基佐剂或其组合。
25.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述其它药剂是免疫调节剂。
26.根据权利要求25所述的方法,其中所述免疫调节剂选自由以下组成的组:mTOR抑制剂、STAT抑制剂、TGFβ受体抑制剂和酪氨酸激酶抑制剂或其组合。
27.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述mTOR抑制剂选自由以下组成的组:小分子、肽、抗体或其片段、核酸分子和大环内酯化合物。
28.根据权利要求27所述的方法,其中所述mTOR抑制剂选自由以下组成的组:(i)替西罗莫司(CCI-779)或其药物等效物、类似物、衍生物或盐;(ii)依维莫司(RAD-001)或其药物等效物、类似物、衍生物或盐;和(iii)西罗莫司(雷帕霉素)或其药物等效物、类似物、衍生物或盐。
29.一种组合物,其包含CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂。
30.一种组合物,其包含CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂以及选自由免疫检查点抑制剂、过继免疫治疗剂、免疫佐剂和免疫调节剂组成的组的至少一种其它药剂。
31.根据权利要求29或30所述的组合物,其进一步包含药学上可接受的载体。
32.一种用于治疗、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展的试剂盒,其包括:
包含CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂的组合物;以及
关于使用所述组合物来治疗、预防所述受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展的说明书。
33.一种用于治疗、预防受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展的试剂盒,其包括:
CD4淋巴细胞耗竭剂;
选自由免疫检查点抑制剂、过继免疫治疗剂、免疫佐剂和免疫调节剂组成的组的至少一种其它药剂;以及
关于使用所述组合物来治疗、预防所述受试者中的病状、减轻其严重程度和/或减缓其进展的说明书。
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