CN105961854A - Preparation method of corn straw feed - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preparing corn stalk feed, which comprises using mechanical crushing technology to process corn stalks, cooking the crushed stalks at high temperature to achieve the purpose of sterilizing and softening fibers, and treating with compound enzyme preparations and fermenting with various microbial strains. processed. The invention realizes the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose in the straw through various methods, increases the amount of nutrients such as protein in the feed, improves the nutritional value of the straw, and satisfies the nutritional needs of animals such as cattle and sheep.

Description

A kind of preparation method of corn stalk feed

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of feed preparation, and in particular relates to a preparation method of corn stalk feed with high nutritional value.

Background technique

my country's crop straw resources are very rich, with an annual output of more than 800 million tons. The main varieties of straw are corn, rice and wheat, of which corn straw occupies the largest amount. Corn stover is mainly composed of three substances: cellulose (31%-40%), hemicellulose (35%-48%) and lignin (15%-25%). Low crude protein content, lack of vitamins, and low nutritional value. Therefore, corn stalks have become the main agricultural waste, and the waste and incineration of straws in vast rural areas of our country is very serious. The concept of sustainable development.

At the same time, due to the rapid development of the aquaculture industry in my country, there is a shortage of feed. my country's food resources are very limited, and the rapid development of the breeding industry has caused competition for food between humans and animals and a rise in food prices, and at the same time caused the cost of the breeding industry to remain high. Corn straw mainly contains cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, low crude protein content and lack of vitamins, so it is a kind of roughage with low nutritional value. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the nutritional value of straw through modern technical means. Not only can the efficient utilization of corn stalks be realized, but also the demand for feed grain in our country can be alleviated, and it has certain significance for solving the environmental problems of straw burning.

At present, there are methods of treating corn stalks by microbial fermentation, mechanical treatment, etc., and certain effects have been achieved. However, the produced feed still cannot meet the nutritional needs of animals, and other feeds are still required to be used in combination.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of corn stalk feed, which can effectively improve the nutritional value of corn stalks through enzymatic hydrolysis and two-step fermentation, and the produced corn stalk feed can be directly fed to animals without adding other nutrient.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:

The invention provides a method for preparing corn stalk feed, comprising the steps of:

1) The corn stalks are processed by mechanical crushing technology, and the diameter of the crushed particles is 0.2-1mm;

2) Put the crushed straw into the container, cook at high temperature for 30-60 minutes, spread out the cooked straw, and let it cool. This step is used to sterilize and soften the fiber;

3) Dissolving the compound enzyme preparation in water, mixing with the straw, and carrying out enzymatic hydrolysis at room temperature for 5-6 hours;

4) After the enzymolysis is finished, the two-step fermentation method is used to ferment;

5) The fermented straw feed is directly fed to animals or dried and crushed for storage.

Preferably, the mechanical pulverization technique includes pulverization using a blade pulverizer, a hammer pulverizer or a ball mill pulverizer.

Preferably, the complex enzyme enzyme preparation is composed of xylanase, cellulase and hemicellulase, and the addition amount is: xylanase 200-400U/g, cellulase 50-100U/g and hemicellulase Cellulase 50-100U/g.

Preferably, the two-step fermentation method is: 1) primary fermentation: add 1% corn flour of the dry matter weight of the stalk, then add Bacillus subtilis and saccharomyces, and add 2.5% of the inoculum according to the volume-to-mass ratio, 28 ℃-32 ℃ fermentation treatment for 48-192 hours; 2) secondary fermentation: after the primary fermentation, add 0.1%-1% sucrose and 1% phosphate buffer solution with pH 4.0-5.0 of the dry matter weight of the straw, mix Evenly, then add 5% lactic acid bacteria to the inoculum according to the volume to mass ratio for fermentation, and ferment at 35-37°C for 48-96 hours.

Preferably, the yeast is Candida utilis or Hansenula anomalies.

Preferably, the lactic acid bacteria are Lactobacillus plantarum.

When encountering cold weather during enzymatic hydrolysis, you can use heating or prolonging the time. If the ambient temperature drops to 15-20°C, it can be extended to 24 hours. ambient temperature.

The present invention is characterized in that:

The invention uses xylanase, cellulase and hemicellulase to degrade cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in corn stalks to obtain low molecular weight sugars that can be effectively utilized by animals.

The main function of adding corn flour in the first fermentation is to supplement nutrients for Bacillus subtilis and yeast. Bacillus subtilis can produce a variety of enzymes that can further degrade high molecular substances in straw; The small molecular substances of the straw are further synthesized into bacterial proteins to increase the protein content of the straw.

Adding sucrose during the secondary fermentation is mainly to promote the growth of lactic acid bacteria. During the growth and reproduction process, lactic acid bacteria can use sugar to produce organic acid (lactic acid), so that the content of organic acid increases, which can improve the taste of feed, and the palatability of straw is significantly improved. The conversion rate of straw feed is improved, and organic acids can replace feed antibiotics to inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms, improve the immunity of livestock, and prevent and treat intestinal diseases.

In the present invention, the compound enzyme enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentation are separated because the conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation are different, if carried out at the same time, the best effect cannot be obtained. Especially in the fermentation stage, Bacillus subtilis, yeast and lactic acid bacteria are fermented separately, because the fermentation of lactic acid bacteria produces acid, which will inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis and yeast, resulting in fermentation failure. After separation, it is beneficial to make the microorganisms grow rapidly by adjusting the pH of the straw and other methods.

The strains used in the present invention were all purchased from China Industrial Microbiology Culture Collection Center (CICC). Among them, Bacillus subtilis, the code is CICC 10088; Candida utilis, the code is CICC 1314; Hansenula anomaly, the code is CICC 32257; Lactobacillus plantarum, the code is CICC 21794.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The invention provides a method for preparing corn stalk feed. The method adopts the combined treatment of enzymatic hydrolysis and secondary fermentation to effectively increase the content of nutrients such as protein in corn stalks, thereby improving the nutritional value of corn stalks without further processing. Add other nutritional elements, and strong palatability, to meet the nutritional needs of cattle and sheep and other animals.

detailed description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below through specific embodiments. The examples are only to help the understanding of the present invention, and should not be regarded as specific limitations on the present invention.

The xylanase, cellulase and hemicellulase used in the present invention were all purchased from DSM (China) Co., Ltd.

The strains used in the present invention were all purchased from China Industrial Microbiology Culture Collection Center (CICC). Among them, Bacillus subtilis, the code is CICC 10088; Candida utilis, the code is CICC 1314; Hansenula anomaly, the code is CICC 32257; Lactobacillus plantarum, the code is CICC 21794.

The culture conditions of the microorganisms used are:

Bacillus subtilis medium formula: peptone 5.0g, beef extract 3.0g, NaCl 5.0g, distilled water 1.0L, pH7.0. Culture conditions, 37°C, 200 rpm, culture the bacteria to OD ₆₀₀ to 1.0.

Yeast (Candida utilis or Hansenula abnormalis) medium formula: peptone 20g, yeast powder 10g, glucose 10g, distilled water 1.0L, pH7.0, culture conditions, 30°C, 200 rpm, culture the bacteria to _OD600 to 1.0.

Lactobacillus plantarum medium: casein 10.0g, beef powder 8.0g, yeast powder 4.0g, glucose 20.0g, magnesium sulfate 0.2g, sodium acetate 5.0g, triammonium citrate 2.0g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2.0g, sulfuric acid Manganese 0.05g, Tween 80 1.0g, distilled water 1L, pH6.2±0.2. Culture conditions, 37°C, 200 rpm, culture the bacteria to OD600 to 1.0.

The "volume-to-mass ratio" in the present invention is L/kg, for example, 0.05 L of bacterial solution with a volume-to-mass ratio of 5% is added to 1 kg, or changes in equal proportions.

Example 1:

(1) The corn stalks are processed by ball milling, and the diameter of the crushed particles is 0.2mm.

(2) Put the crushed straw into a container, cook at high temperature for 45 minutes, spread out the cooked straw and let it cool.

(3) The compound enzyme preparation was dissolved in water, mixed evenly with the straw, and subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis at room temperature for 5 hours.

The amount of water is best when the straw is held in a ball and loosened.

The compound enzyme preparation includes: xylanase, cellulase and hemicellulase, the dosage is:

The addition amount of enzyme preparation is:

Xylanase: 400U/g;

Cellulase: 50U/g;

Hemicellulase: 50U/g;

(4) After the enzymolysis is finished, adopt the two-step fermentation method to ferment; the specific process is: 1) primary fermentation: add 1% corn flour of stalk dry matter weight, then add Bacillus subtilis (CICC 10088) and eugenase Silk yeast (CICC 1314) each 2.5% (volume mass ratio), 30 degrees, 48 hours of fermentation treatment; 2) Secondary fermentation: After the primary fermentation, add 0.5% sucrose and 1% pH5. 0 phosphate buffer solution, and mix well; then add Lactobacillus plantarum (CICC 21794) to ferment the inoculum to be 5% (volume to mass ratio), and ferment at 37°C for 48 hours.

(5) The fermented straw feed is directly fed to animals or stored after being dried.

After the fermentation, the neutral detergent fiber in the straw decreased from 67.1% to 62.3%, the crude fiber decreased from 27% to 21.4%, the crude protein increased from 6.78% to 8.32%, and the total acid content in the straw reached 2.91%.

Example 2:

(1) The corn stalks are processed by hammer crushing, and the diameter of the crushed particles is 0.5mm.

(2) Put the crushed straw into a container, cook at high temperature for 35 minutes), spread out the cooked straw and let it cool.

(3) The compound enzyme preparation was dissolved in water, mixed with the straw, and enzymatically hydrolyzed for 5 hours.

The amount of water is best when the straw is held in a ball and loosened.

The compound enzyme preparation includes: xylanase, cellulase and hemicellulase, the dosage is:

The addition amount of enzyme preparation is:

Xylanase: 200U/g

Cellulase: 100U/g

Hemicellulase: 100U/g

(4) After the enzymolysis is finished, the two-step fermentation method is used for fermentation; the specific process is: 1) One-time fermentation: add 1% corn flour of straw dry matter weight, then add Bacillus subtilis (CICC 10088) and abnormal Hansen Yeast (CICC 32257) 2.5% (volume to mass ratio), fermented at 30 degrees for 96 hours; 2) Secondary fermentation: After the primary fermentation, add 1% sucrose and 1% of the dry matter weight of the straw to a pH of 4.5 Phosphate buffer solution, mix well; then add Lactobacillus plantarum (CICC 21794), and ferment at 35°C for 96 hours.

(5) The fermented straw feed is directly fed to animals or stored after being dried.

After the fermentation, the neutral detergent fiber in the straw decreased from 67.1% to 63.1%, the crude fiber decreased from 27% to 20.9%, the crude protein increased from 6.78% to 7.92%, and the total acid content in the straw reached 2.79%.

Example 3:

(1) The corn stalks are processed in a blade-type crushing manner, and the diameter of the crushed particles is 1 mm.

(2) Put the crushed straw into a container, cook at high temperature for 30 minutes, spread out the cooked straw and let it cool.

(3) The compound enzyme preparation was dissolved in water, mixed evenly with the straw, and enzymatically hydrolyzed at room temperature for 6 hours.

The amount of water is best when the straw is held in a ball and loosened.

The compound enzyme preparation includes: xylanase, cellulase and hemicellulase, the dosage is:

Xylanase: 300U/g

Cellulase: 80U/g

Hemicellulase: 50U/g

(4) After the enzymolysis is finished, adopt the two-step fermentation method to ferment; the specific process is: 1) primary fermentation: add 1% corn flour of stalk dry matter weight, then add Bacillus subtilis (CICC 10088) and eugenase 2.5% (volume to mass ratio) of silk yeast (CICC 1314), fermented at 30 degrees for 72 hours; 2) Secondary fermentation: after the primary fermentation, add 1% sucrose and 1% pH value of straw dry matter weight 5.0 phosphate buffer solution, and mix well; then add lactic acid bacteria inoculation amount of 5% (volume to mass ratio), and ferment at 35° C. for 72 hours.

(5) The fermented straw feed is directly fed to animals or stored after being dried.

After the fermentation, the neutral detergent fiber in the straw decreased from 67.1% to 62.5%, the crude fiber decreased from 27% to 22.9%, the crude protein increased from 6.78% to 7.79%, and the total acid content in the straw reached 3.19%.

It can be seen from the above examples that after the corn stalks are treated with the technical solution of the present invention, the cellulose content is reduced and the protein content is increased, thereby effectively improving the nutritional value of the stalks and increasing the palatability of the stalks at the same time. Sex, to meet the nutritional needs of cattle and sheep and other animals.

Claims (6)

1. the preparation method of a corn straw feedstuff, it is characterised in that: comprise the steps:

1) Mechanical comminution techniques is used to process corn straw, a diameter of 0.2-1mm of granule after pulverizing；

2) straw after pulverizing is put in container, and through high temperature steaming 30-60min, the straw after steaming and decocting is spread out Cool；

3) compound enzymic preparation is dissolved in water, mixes with straw, carry out room temperature enzymolysis 5-6h；

4), after enzymolysis terminates, two-step fermenting is used to ferment；

5) by the straw feed fermented directly for pulverizing storage after animal edible or drying.

2. the preparation method of corn straw feedstuff as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described machinery Crushing technology includes using blade type pulverizer, beater grinder or ball mill pulverizer to pulverize.

3. the preparation method of corn straw feedstuff as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described answers Synthase enzyme preparation is by xylanase, cellulase and hemicellulase composition, and addition is: xylanase 200-400U/g, cellulase 50-100U/g, hemicellulase 50-100U/g.

4. the preparation method of corn straw feedstuff as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described two steps Fermentation method is: 1) one time fermentation: the Semen Maydis powder of the 1% of addition straw dry matter weight, adds hay bud Spore bacillus and yeast, inoculum concentration by volume mass ratio calculates each addition 2.5%, 28 DEG C of-32 DEG C of fermentation process 48-192 hour；2) ferment in second time: after one time fermentation terminates, adds the 0.1%-1% of straw dry matter weight Sucrose and the phosphate buffer of pH 4.0-5.0 of 1%, mixing, then inoculum concentration by volume mass ratio adds Enter the lactic acid bacteria fermentation of 5%, 35-37 DEG C of fermentation process 48-96 hour.

5. the preparation method of corn straw feedstuff as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described yeast Bacterium is Candida utilis or Hansenula anomala.

6. the preparation method of corn straw feedstuff as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described lactic acid Bacterium is Lactobacillus plantarum.