CN105943576A - 一种刺五加的提取方法及刺五加保健品 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于中药领域，公开了一种刺五加的提取方法，将刺五加洗净、烘干，并粉碎，置于索式提取器中，加入石油醚，在60～90度水浴中回流脱脂3次，每次3h，弃去石油醚提取液，待样品中石油醚挥干后放入1000mL圆底烧瓶中，加入75％乙醇400mL，在80度回流提取1h，抽滤，残渣加入240mL75％乙醇重复提取1次，过滤，合并两次滤液，用旋转蒸发仪回收乙醇，并浓缩至小体积，真空干燥，得到刺五加提取物粗品，经AB‑8型大孔树脂吸附，以80％乙醇洗脱，洗脱速度1～2mL/min，洗脱液经浓缩、真空干燥后，得到刺五加提取物，并公开以刺五加提取物做成复方，还公开了其在制备具有提高免疫力功效保健品中的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药制剂技术领域，具体涉及一种刺五加的提取方法及刺五加保健品。
背景技术
免疫力是人体自身的防御机制，是人体识别和消灭外来侵入的任何异物(病毒、细菌等)，处理衰老、损伤、死亡、变性的自身细胞以及识别和处理体内突变细胞和病毒感染细胞的能力。现代免疫学认为，免疫力是人体识别和排除“异己”的生理反应。人体内执行这一功能的是免疫系统。目前刺五加保健品成分单一，起不到应有的效果。迄今为止，人们正在寻找一种制作简单、服用方便的提高免疫力的中药保健品。
发明内容
发明目的：为了解决上述问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种刺五加的提取方法及刺五加保健品。
技术方案：本发明的目的是通过如下的方案实现的：
一种刺五加的提取方法，步骤如下：将刺五加洗净、烘干，并粉碎，置于索式提取器中，加入石油醚，在60～90度水浴中回流脱脂3次，每次3h，弃去石油醚提取液，待样品中石油醚挥干后放入1000mL圆底烧瓶中，加入75％乙醇400mL，在80度回流提取1h，抽滤，残渣加入240mL75％乙醇重复提取1次，过滤，合并两次滤液，用旋转蒸发仪回收乙醇，并浓缩至小体积，真空干燥，得到刺五加提取物粗品，经AB-8型大孔树脂吸附，以80％乙醇洗脱，洗脱速度1～2mL/min，洗脱液经浓缩、真空干燥后，得到刺五加提取物。
一种具有提高免疫力的刺五加保健品，它所含的活性成分由下列重量份原料配比制备而成：刺五加提取物2份、南蛇竻根40份、刺针草50份、长春七60份、金龙胆草55份、虎掌草60份，刺五加提取物为上述权利要求1的方法制备而得。
所述具有提高免疫力的刺五加保健品，制备方法步骤为：取上述除刺五加提取物外其他药材合并，加水煎煮两次，合并煎液，浓缩至65℃时相对密度为1.10-1.20，加入乙醇，搅拌，使含醇量按体积百分比计算达65-85％，静置，过滤，滤液减压浓缩至65℃时相对密度为1.20-1.30并回收乙醇，将浓缩液喷雾干燥，所得颗粒粉碎成干浸膏粉，加入刺五加提取物和辅料，制成所需制剂。
所述具有提高免疫力的刺五加保健品，制备方法中煎煮条件为：第一次加水量为药材重量的8-12倍量，煎煮1-2h，第二次加水量为药材重量的6-10倍量，煎煮1-2h。
所述具有提高免疫力的刺五加保健品，制备方法中喷雾干燥条件为：进风温度为90-110℃，出风温度为60-90℃，物料温度为60-90℃，雾化压力为0.2-0.5兆帕，喷雾速度为1-10ml/s。
所述具有提高免疫力的刺五加保健品在制备提高免疫力保健品中的应用。
上述刺五加(拉丁学名：Eleutherococcus senticosus)，别名：刺拐棒、坎拐棒子、一百针、老虎潦、五加参、俄国参、西伯利亚人参，落叶灌木，主要分布于亚洲东北部，西伯利亚一带。其根部和根状茎可入药。
南蛇竻根为豆科植物南蛇竻的根，全年可采。清热，解毒，散瘀。治外感发热，痧症，风湿骨痛，疮肿，跌打损伤。
虎掌草为毛茛科银莲花属植物草玉梅Anemone rivularis Buch.-Ham.，以根入药。秋季采根，洗净晒干。清热利湿，消肿止痛。用于咽喉肿痛，扁桃体炎，牙痛，胃痛，急、慢性肝炎，风湿疼痛，跌打损伤。
长春七为伞形科邪蒿属植物长春七Seseli giraldii Diels,以根入药。夏秋采挖,洗净,晒干备用。发表散寒，祛风活络。用于感冒，咳嗽，头痛，牙痛，风湿关节疼痛，跌打损伤。
金龙胆草为菊科白酒草属植物小苦蒿Conyza blinii Lévl.，以全草入药。秋季采收，去杂质，鲜用或阴干。清热消炎，泻火解毒。用于急性黄疸型肝炎，牙痛，慢性气管炎，口腔炎，咽喉炎，扁桃体炎，肾炎，疟疾；外用治眼结膜炎，中耳炎，疮疡，湿疹，外伤出血。
刺针草，拉丁名为Bidens bipinnata L.，菊科，刺针草属植物，刺针草多生于山坡、草地或路旁。广布于全国各地。完达山区数量较多。以全草入药。夏季开花时采收，切段，晒干。清热解毒，祛风活血。用于上呼吸道感染，咽喉肿痛，急性阑尾炎，急性黄疸型传染性肝炎，胃肠炎，消化不良，风湿关节痛，疟疾；外用治疮疖，毒蛇咬伤，跌打肿痛。本发明以全草入药。其余为药典品种。
有益效果：本方中南蛇竻根、刺针草清热利湿，消肿止痛为君药，长春七、金龙胆草、虎掌草发表散寒，祛风活络为臣药，刺五加强筋健骨为佐使药，诸药相合，共奏清热利湿，消肿止痛，用于提高免疫力。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例形式，对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明，但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例，凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
实施例1：取刺五加1kg洗净、烘干，并粉碎，置于索式提取器中，加入石油醚，在60度水浴中回流脱脂3次，每次3h，弃去石油醚提取液，待样品中石油醚挥干后放入1000mL圆底烧瓶中，加入75％乙醇400mL，在80度回流提取1h，抽滤，残渣加入240mL75％乙醇重复提取1次，过滤，合并两次滤液，用旋转蒸发仪回收乙醇，并浓缩至小体积，真空干燥，得到刺五加提取物粗品，经AB-8型大孔树脂吸附，以80％乙醇洗脱，洗脱速度1mL/min，洗脱液经浓缩、真空干燥后，得到刺五加提取物。
实施例2：取刺五加1kg洗净、烘干，并粉碎，置于索式提取器中，加入石油醚，在90度水浴中回流脱脂3次，每次3h，弃去石油醚提取液，待样品中石油醚挥干后放入1000mL圆底烧瓶中，加入75％乙醇400mL，在80度回流提取1h，抽滤，残渣加入240mL75％乙醇重复提取1次，过滤，合并两次滤液，用旋转蒸发仪回收乙醇，并浓缩至小体积，真空干燥，得到刺五加提取物粗品，经AB-8型大孔树脂吸附，以80％乙醇洗脱，洗脱速度2mL/min，洗脱液经浓缩、真空干燥后，得到刺五加提取物。
实施例3：取刺五加1.3kg洗净、烘干，并粉碎，置于索式提取器中，加入石油醚，在80度水浴中回流脱脂3次，每次3h，弃去石油醚提取液，待样品中石油醚挥干后放入1000mL圆底烧瓶中，加入75％乙醇400mL，在80度回流提取1h，抽滤，残渣加入240mL75％乙醇重复提取1次，过滤，合并两次滤液，用旋转蒸发仪回收乙醇，并浓缩至小体积，真空干燥，得到刺五加提取物粗品，经AB-8型大孔树脂吸附，以80％乙醇洗脱，洗脱速度1mL/min，洗脱液经浓缩、真空干燥后，得到刺五加提取物。
实施例4：取南蛇竻根40g、刺针草50g、长春七60g、金龙胆草55g、虎掌草60g药材混合，加水煎煮两次，第一次加水为药材重量的8倍量，煎煮1.5h，第二次加水为药材重量的6倍量，煎煮1h，合并煎液，滤过，滤液浓缩至相对密度1.10(65℃)，加适量乙醇使含醇量(体积分数)达65％，搅拌，静置24小时，滤过，滤液回收乙醇并浓缩至相对密度1.10(65℃)的浸膏，经喷雾干燥(条件为进风温度为100℃，出风温度为80℃，物料温度为70℃，雾化压力为0.2兆帕，喷雾速度为5ml/s。)，粉碎成干浸膏粉，再加入上述实施例1制备的刺五加提取物2g、糊精50g，用适量80％乙醇润湿，制软材，过14目筛制粒，70℃干燥，60目整粒，得颗粒剂。
实施例5：取南蛇竻根40g、刺针草50g、长春七60g、金龙胆草55g、虎掌草60g药材混合，加水煎煮两次，第次加水为药材重量的10倍量，煎煮2h，第二次加水为药材重量的8倍量，煎煮1h，合并煎液，滤过，滤液浓缩至相对密度1.15(65℃)，加适量乙醇使含醇量(体积分数)达75％，搅拌，静置24小时，滤过，滤液回收乙醇并浓缩至相对密度1.25(65℃)的浸膏，经喷雾干燥(条件为进风温度为120℃，出风温度为90℃，物料温度为80℃，雾化压力为0.3兆帕，喷雾速度为7.5/s。)，粉碎成干浸膏粉，再加入上述实施例1制备的刺五加提取物2g、淀粉50g，混合均匀，用适量80％乙醇润湿，制软材，过30目筛制粒，于70～80℃干燥，用60目筛整粒，压片，包糖衣，分装，外包装，送检合格，得成品。
实施例6：取南蛇竻根40g、刺针草50g、长春七60g、金龙胆草55g、虎掌草60g药材混合，加水煎煮两次，第一次加水为药材重量的10倍量，煎煮1.5h，第二次加水为药材重量的8倍量，煎煮1.5h，合并煎液，滤过，滤液浓缩至相对密度1.15(65℃)，加适量乙醇使含醇量(体积分数)达75％，搅拌，静置24小时，滤过，滤液回收乙醇并浓缩至相对密度1.25(65℃)的浸膏，经喷雾干燥(条件为进风温度为120℃，出风温度为90℃，物料温度为90℃，雾化压力为0.4兆帕，喷雾速度为7.5/s。)，粉碎成干浸膏粉，过6号筛，加入上述实施例1制备的刺五加提取物2g，再装入1号胶囊即可得成品。
实施例7：本发明提高免疫力的药效学研究
实验目的：用不同浓度的本发明灌胃小鼠30d，比较本发明和正常组小鼠受ConA诱导的脾脏淋巴细胞增殖的差别，来判断本发明是否增强脾脏淋巴细胞增殖。
实验动物：昆明种小鼠，雄性，体重18-22g，上海斯莱克实验动物有限公司提供，生产许可证：SCXK(沪)2007-0005。
实验药物：按上述颗粒剂实施例的制备方法制备。
实验步骤：小鼠，按体重分层随机分组,每组12只。如下表所示，正常组灌胃给水；盐酸左旋咪唑组灌胃盐酸左旋咪唑；复方低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃1，2，4g·kg-1本发明样品，各组连续灌胃给药30d。无菌取脾，按照常规制成单个细胞悬液，调整细胞浓度为5×105个/mL。将脾细胞混悬液加在24孔板中，每孔1mL，每只动物设二个复孔，一孔正常培养(加50uL PRMI1640培养液)；一孔加50uL刀豆蛋白A(ConA)液(终浓度为4.76ug/mL)。置于5％CO2，37℃CO2孵箱中培养48h。实验结束前4h，每孔吸去上清液700uL，再加入700uL不含胎牛血清的PRMI1640培养液，同时每孔加入50uL 5mg/mL的MTT液。培养结束后，每孔加1mL酸性异丙醇，小心吹打均匀至紫色的结晶全部溶解。检测前分装到96孔培养板中，每孔作4个复孔，在570nm波长处测定其光密度值。
实验结果：本发明组小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞受ConA诱导后的增殖率转化值显著高于正常组小鼠，如下表所示。
表1本发明对脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响(n＝12)
注：与正常组相比P＜0.01，P＜0.05。
结论：本发明能够增强脾脏淋巴增殖，因此本发明能提高免疫力，可用于制备提高免疫力功效保健品。
Claims (6)
1.一种刺五加的提取方法，其特征是步骤如下：将刺五加洗净、烘干，并粉碎，置于索式提取器中，加入石油醚，在60～90度水浴中回流脱脂3次，每次3h，弃去石油醚提取液，待样品中石油醚挥干后放入1000mL圆底烧瓶中，加入75％乙醇400mL，在80度回流提取1h，抽滤，残渣加入240mL75％乙醇重复提取1次，过滤，合并两次滤液，用旋转蒸发仪回收乙醇，并浓缩至小体积，真空干燥，得到刺五加提取物粗品，经AB-8型大孔树脂吸附，以80％乙醇洗脱，洗脱速度1～2mL/min，洗脱液经浓缩、真空干燥后，得到刺五加提取物。
2.一种具有提高免疫力的刺五加保健品，其特征在于，它所含的活性成分由下列重量份原料配比制备而成：刺五加提取物2份、南蛇竻根40份、刺针草50份、长春七60份、金龙胆草55份、虎掌草60份，刺五加提取物为上述权利要求1的方法制备而得。
3.如权利要求2所述具有提高免疫力的刺五加保健品，其特征在于，制备方法步骤为：取上述除刺五加提取物外其他药材合并，加水煎煮两次，合并煎液，浓缩至65℃时相对密度为1.10-1.20，加入乙醇，搅拌，使含醇量按体积百分比计算达65-85％，静置，过滤，滤液减压浓缩至65℃时相对密度为1.20-1.30并回收乙醇，将浓缩液喷雾干燥，所得颗粒粉碎成干浸膏粉，加入刺五加提取物和辅料，制成所需制剂。
4.如权利要求3所述具有提高免疫力的刺五加保健品，其特征在于，制备方法中煎煮条件为：第一次加水量为药材重量的8-12倍量，煎煮1-2h，第二次加水量为药材重量的6-10倍量，煎煮1-2h。
5.如权利要求2所述具有提高免疫力的刺五加保健品，其特征在于，制备方法中喷雾干燥条件为：进风温度为90-110℃，出风温度为60-90℃，物料温度为60-90℃，雾化压力为0.2-0.5兆帕，喷雾速度为1-10ml/s。
6.如权利要求2所述具有提高免疫力的刺五加保健品在提高免疫力保健品中的应用。
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