CN105941063B - The cultivation of yellow fruit mandarin orange and storage practice - Google Patents
The cultivation of yellow fruit mandarin orange and storage practice Download PDFInfo
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- CN105941063B CN105941063B CN201610400000.XA CN201610400000A CN105941063B CN 105941063 B CN105941063 B CN 105941063B CN 201610400000 A CN201610400000 A CN 201610400000A CN 105941063 B CN105941063 B CN 105941063B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/144—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
- A23B7/148—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor in a controlled atmosphere, e.g. partial vacuum, comprising only CO2, N2, O2 or H2O
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B7/154—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of yellow fruit mandarin orange cultural methods.Yellow fruit mandarin orange cultural method is using rational application of fertilizers, and fertilizing time and dose are applied fertilizer four times in each growth year according to the growth characteristics of yellow fruit mandarin orange.The method of yellow fruit mandarin orange storage, comprising: the 1) harvesting of fresh fruit；2) fruit and vanning are selected；3) airing；4) it stores；5) outbound.The method of the present invention forms the new technology that the production of yellow fruit mandarin orange be combined with each other with postharvest storage, substantially increases the quality of fruit, reduces storage rot and loss, improves soil fertility and good quality and high output, improve ecological environment.
Description
Technical field:
The purpose of the present invention is related with agricultural production and agricultural product postharvest storage, especially with yellow fruit mandarin orange cultivation and storage practice
It is related.
Background technique:
Yellow fruit mandarin orange is tangerine and the hybridization mandarin orange that orange naturally occurs, and is super late-maturing citrus variety, and the listing phase is annual 3-April,
Exactly eat the dull season of fruit raw, prospect for sales is wide.
But presently, there are following problems:
1, fertilising and fruit picking be not scientific and normal.It is embodied in and applies chemical fertilizer, light organic fertilizer partially, formula is not taken to apply
Fertilizer, fertilization time and method be not scientific etc.；
2, the mouthfeel and quality of fruit are unstable, flavor meta-acid, sugar-acid ratio 21, and northern consumer does not favor；
3, do not pay attention to handling with care, arbitrarily jettisoning, clip is lack of standardization, be easy to cause machinery wound, and storage tolerance does not transport；
4, it is sold after adopting, without scientific and effective storage method, selling period is short, is unfavorable for uniform quality and improves yellow fruit
The added value and economic benefit of mandarin orange.
Summary of the invention:
It can apply fertilizers scientifically and fruit picking, guarantee and improve in order to overcome the above shortcomings, it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of and is yellow
The quality and storage property of fruit mandarin orange, the method for the yellow fruit mandarin orange cultivation for good quality and high output of increasing soil fertility, continue.
Another object of the present invention is to provide one kind can significantly improve storage fruit quality, extend storage period,
Reduce the storage practice of the yellow fruit mandarin orange that is fresh-keeping and keeping flavor of storage rot and loss.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
Yellow fruit mandarin orange cultural method of the present invention, the management including rational application of fertilizers, water, using rational application of fertilizers, orchard produces yellow fruit
When mandarin orange ability is 100 kilograms/plant, 5 kgs/year of growth increment, annual 48-54 kilograms of the barnyard manure of application of formula one: every plant, urine
Plain 0.48-0.55 kilogram, 0.36-0.58 kilogram of calcium superphosphate, 0.4-1.5 kilograms of agricultural potassium sulfate；Formula two: every plant is complete
Year application 92-135 kilograms of natural pond fertilizer, 0.7-1.35 kilograms of agricultural potassium sulfate；The annual application oil cake 1.7-3.5 of formula three: every plant
Kilogram, 0.65-0.82 kilogram of urea, 1.7-3.6 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 1.3-2.2 kilograms of agricultural potassium sulfate, fertilizing time
It is according to the growth characteristics of yellow fruit mandarin orange with dose, each growth year applies fertilizer four times, i.e., before annual mid or late Febuary applies yellow fruit mandarin orange
Fertilizer, early and middle ten days in June apply bud differentiation fertilizer, mid or late June applies young fruit fertilizer and August early and middle ten days apply Fruit fertilizer, dose formula
One: Hua Qianfei with 16-26 kilograms of barnyard manure, 0.14-0.38 kilogram of urea, bud differentiation fertilizer calcium superphosphate fertilizer 0.16-0.23
Kilogram, 0.05-0.17 kilogram of calcium superphosphate of young fruit fertilizer, 0.1-0.6 kilogram of agricultural potassium sulfate, Fruit fertilizer barnyard manure
28-32 kilograms, 0.17-0.34 kilogram of urea, 0.15-0.18 kilogram of peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers, 0.3-0.9 public affairs of agricultural potassium sulfate
Jin；Dose formula two: Hua Qianfei 26-36 kilograms of natural pond fertilizer, 17-23 kilograms of natural pond fertilizer of bud differentiation fertilizer, young fruit fertilizer natural pond
Fertile 16-23 kilograms, 0.17-0.23 kilogram of agricultural potassium sulfate, Fruit fertilizer 33-53 kilograms of natural pond fertilizer, agricultural potassium sulfate
0.47-1.18 kilograms；Dose formula three: Hua Qianfei is with 0.34-0.41 kilogram of urea, bud differentiation fertilizer calcium superphosphate
0.4-0.8 kilogram, 0.4-0.9 kilogram of oil cake, young fruit fertilizer is with 0.6-0.7 kilogram of calcium superphosphate, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.5-0.9
Kilogram, 1.3-2.6 kilograms of oil cake of Fruit fertilizer, 0.31-0.41 kilogram of urea, 0.7-2.1 kilograms of peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers,
0.8-1.3 kilograms of agricultural potassium sulfate；
Above-mentioned natural pond fertilizer is to use feces of livestock and poultry organic substance gained biogas slurry and biogas residue mixture after methane-generating pit anaerobic fermentation,
Water content is up to 94%, dry matter 6% in fresh base, in which: N, P2O5、K2O content is 0.499%, full phosphorus 0.495%, full potassium respectively
0.245%, the content of organic matter 4.6%, pH value 7.0；Barnyard manure is placed livestock and poultry colony house from weeds, leaf, stalk straw gasket materials and is raised
Stock keeping poultry manure accumulates over a long period, and mixing hoards 1 year or more, decomposed degree reaches 70% or more when in use, water content in fresh base
70%, dry matter content 30%, wherein N, P2O5、K2O content is 0.376%, 0.355%, 0.359% respectively, the content of organic matter
3.12%, pH value 6.8；Oil cake directly squeezes fuel-displaced rear remaining oil cake, aqueous 1%, dry matter content in fresh base using rapeseed
99%, wherein N, P2O5、K2O content is 5.195%, 1.954%, 1.345% respectively, the content of organic matter 8.3%, pH value 6.5；Urea
(CO(NH2)2) leaded wastewater be 46%；The P of calcium superphosphate2O5Content is 12%；Potassium sulfate is household potassium sulfate, K2The content of O is
50%。
In above-mentioned method use bagging measure, bagging measure include fruit thinning, sprinkling prevention and treatment pest and disease damage medicament and then
Bagging.Fruit thinning carries out twice, and first time fruit thinning is dredged go depauperation fruit, disease pest first in mid or late June progress, fruit thinning
Fruit, malformed fruit, small and weak fruit；Second of supplement fruit thinning is carried out in early and middle ten days in July, fruit spacing is made to be greater than 15 centimetres；
After fruit thinning, sprinkling prevention and treatment pest and disease damage medicament and bagging are carried out in mid-August mid or late July-: spray carries out two
It is secondary, it is to the whole comprehensive spraying insecticide of tree, the preparation of insecticide are as follows: by Envidor pre-mixing liquor, avermectin pre-mixing liquor for the first time
With Propineb pre-mixing liquor according to weight ratio be 3:2-4 0.5-4:1-ratio, be configured to composite insecticide；Above-mentioned spiral shell mite
It for 24% Envidor commodity suspending agent and water is that 1:200-500 matches according to mass ratio that ester pre-mixing liquor, which uses weight percent concentration,
It makes, it for 2.0% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate and water is 1 according to mass ratio that avermectin pre-mixing liquor, which uses weight percent concentration:
300-600 are formulated, and Propineb pre-mixing liquor uses weight percent concentration to press for 70% Wettable propineb powder with water
It is that 1:100-300 is formulated according to mass ratio；
After first time spray 8-12 days, second of spray and bagging are carried out.Second of spray is to the spray comprehensively of whole tree
Fungicide of cloth, the preparation of fungicide are as follows: by fluopyram trifloxystrobin pre-mixing liquor, Prochloraz pre-mixing liquor according to weight ratio
For the ratio of 1.7-3:0.6-2, it is configured to compound disinfectant；Above-mentioned fluopyram trifloxystrobin pre-mixing liquor, which uses, to be contained
The fluopyram and weight percent concentration that weight percent concentration is 21.4% are the commodity fluorine pyrrole bacterium acyl of 21.4% trifloxystrobin
Amine trifloxystrobin suspending agent and water are formulated according to mass ratio for 1:150-320, and Prochloraz pre-mixing liquor uses weight percent
The Prochloraz suspending agent and water that concentration is 25% are that 1:400-650 is formulated according to mass ratio；
Bagging is carried out on the day of after the medical fluid of the spray at second is dry, normal, the healthy and strong single fruit of selection growth uses
100-130mm × 130-180mm, sack are embedded with the thickness for tightening iron wire in 10-60g/m2The white dedicated fruit of papery light transmission
Bag, by outside tree crown to it is interior, under tree crown to upper carry out bagging, fruit bag opening entangles fruit, with tightening iron wire for bag at carpopodium
Mouth tightens；
The management of above-mentioned water is that irrigation water is pollution-free, and water quality meets 5084 field irrigation standards of water quality of GB, is used
Mountain spring water is irrigated.Autumn, winter respectively pour water once, pour water every time saturating, until rainy season set.Irrigation quantity is with water saturates Root Distribution
Subject to 40-60cm of layer；
The preceding orchard of summer rainwater arriving will repair reason logical gutter, especially Flat Ground Orchard it is noted that digging in orchard surrounding deep
Gutter, hillside orchard is it is noted that build retaining dam or water blocking ditch on orchard top.To reduce rain drop erosion, Orchard mulch should be carried out
And Sod culture.
In above-mentioned method, forbid within 40 days before fruit picking spray, must not pour water, rainy day or fruit show that water is not dry to be picked；
Fruit picking cuts method using a fruit two, i.e., first cuts, band about 3-4cm of carpopodium is cut, and second cuts, cuts carpopodium from base of fruit, first gently
It is put into bucket, then gently pours into again in the hollow plastic box of lid.
Yellow fruit mandarin orange storage practice of the present invention, comprising the following steps:
1) harvesting of fresh fruit: being harvested when the maturity of fruit is at least up to 80%, will be cased with the fruit, not of paper bag
The fruit fruit picking together for covering paper bag, weather answers sunny no rain when fruit picking；
2) select fruit and vanning: in harvesting, fruit, decayed fruit are hurt in rejecting, and it is the with cover of 15-20Kg that fruit, which is then packed into capacity,
In hollow plastic box, there are at least 10% gaps for case top；
3) airing (pre- storage):
Will harvesting and through selecting or through selecting and fruit after medicament impregnates cool place it is dry, not by sunlight
It is placed 15-50 hours in direct projection, draughty canopy, allows fruit surface and paper bag to reach drying, without droplet；Then FCL
It is directly entered storage；
4) it stores: being stored in multi-functional agricultural products storage and preservation library, the stacking height of chest is usually no more than 6-8
Layer, is deposited in above the pile pier of 100-140mm from the ground.In storage, according to different storage expections and storage material and packet
Dress, is precisely controlled the holding conditions such as temperature, humidity, gas concentration lwevel and ozone concentration, and storehouse temperature control exists
3.0-9.0 DEG C, temperature difference control is at 1.5-2.5 DEG C, and 80-95%, psychrometric difference is controlled 2.0-3.0% humid control；Disappear
During poison, ozone concentration is controlled during 5-60PPm, ventilation, and gas concentration lwevel drops to 400PPm or less；
5) outbound: under conditions of no cold chain transportation and sale, should shift to an earlier date 2 days, and library temperature is slowly raised and ring
The identical room temperature in border, then outbound；It, can direct outbound under conditions of having cold chain transportation and sale.
It will be put into prepare in composite fresh-keeping medicament in advance by the fruit for being cased with paper bag selected in above-mentioned method and soak
Bubble 1-3 minutes；For the fruit of not bagging, directly impregnated with composite fresh-keeping medicament；
Above-mentioned composite fresh-keeping medicament is prepared: bellkute pre-mixing liquor, Imazalil sulfate pre-mixing liquor, thiabendazole is prewired
Liquid, 2.4-D pre-mixing liquors are the ratio of 5:1-6:0.5-2 0.5-3:1-according to weight ratio, are configured to composite preservative medicine
Agent；
It is 10% commodity bellkute emulsion and water according to quality that above-mentioned bellkute pre-mixing liquor, which uses weight percent concentration,
Be formulated than 1:700-1500, Imazalil sulfate pre-mixing liquor use weight percent concentration for 75% commodity imazalil sulphur
Hydrochlorate soluble granula and water are formulated according to mass ratio 1:300-1000, and thiabendazole pre-mixing liquor uses weight percent
The thiabendazole wettable powder and water that concentration is 60% are formulated according to mass ratio 1:500-1500；2.4-D pre-mixing liquors are adopted
2.4-D of the commodity emulsion and water that are 85% with weight percent concentration are formulated according to mass ratio 1:5000-9000；
Above-mentioned multi-functional agricultural products storage and preservation library includes warehouse, the temperature control system in warehouse, humidity prison
Survey with control system, gas componant control system, have temperature display and controller in temperature control system, by transmission line and temperature
It spends the display temp probe connected to the controller in warehouse, the compressor controlled by temperature display with controller and is located at
Air-cooler, air-heater in warehouse show with controller, show the air-heater controlled with controller by air-heater, humidity detection and
There are humidity display and controller, wet curtain humidifier in control system, has in wet curtain humidifier and pass through transmission line in warehouse
With humidity display hygrometry probe connected to the controller, the water inlet and water return outlet with water circulating pump outside warehouse
Water tank, the wet curtain in warehouse, loaded on the humidification blower before wet curtain, the water circulating pump connection in one end and water tank and it is another
One end pass through the water return outlet connection in warehouse the wall water inlet pipe, one end and the water tank that connects with wet curtain and the other end across warehouse wall and
The return pipe of wet curtain connection, have in gas componant control system protruded into one end the detection tracheae in warehouse gas analyzer,
Compound ventilation air-changing device, chlorination equipment, have in compound ventilation air-changing device equilibrated valve on warehouse wall, with equilibrated valve string
Even Electric air valve, the air-introduced machine on warehouse wall, outside warehouse by change-over switch respectively with air-introduced machine, air-introduced machine
The timer that Electric air valve is connected with Electric air valve has ozone observing and controlling display, logical on warehouse inner wall in chlorination equipment
Cross Determination of ozone probe, ozone generator that transmission line is connect with ozone observing and controlling display.
There are pile pier, one end and air-introduced machine outlet in above-mentioned warehouse and the other end protrudes into the air inducing in pile pier bottom portion
It manages, has several vents on induced duct.
The mistake of actual humidity value in the humidity value and warehouse of correction hygrometry probe reflection is provided in above-mentioned warehouse
The DHM2A type aspirated psychrometer of difference.
Above-mentioned warehouse wall is made of insulating layer, the steel plate layer for being compounded in insulating layer two sides, water tank, water inlet pipe and return pipe
Part outside warehouse is compounded with insulating layer respectively.
Multi-functional agricultural products storage and preservation library, multi-functional agricultural products storage and preservation library tool are used in storage practice of the present invention
It has the following advantages:
1, it can be with comprehensively control temperature, humidity, gas；
2, increase humidity due to using wet curtain humidifier, overcomes ultrasonic humidifier and easily cause that humidification is uneven, object
Expect that surface is easy ponding, or even causes rotten problem；
3, in terms of hygrometry and control, what is generallyd use in production at present is traditional listed formula psychrometer, digital display
The evaluated error of electronics humidometer, these instruments is all bigger, measured value often than standard value difference 3-15% or more, and
Present invention employs aspirated psychrometer come accurately show humidity in library, for adjust device parameter make error amount control 3% with
Under, keep the humidity value of display consistent with actual humidity in library, to reach the precise determination to humidity and control；
4, in terms of disinfection, chemical agent is generallyd use in production at present and carries out stifling and spray disinfectant, Disinfection Effect is not
Stablize and have a risk polluted, and present invention employs ozonization, so that disinfection is safer, conveniently, effectively, and sterilizes
Be combined with each other with ventilation, the time mutually staggers, material can repeatedly be sterilized in time after updating air, make to store
It is more preferable to hide effect；
5, in terms of ventilation, the present invention carries out automatic air-exchanging using two different modes, scientifically regulates and controls ventilation volume, reaches
To the auto-control to ethylene and carbon dioxide gas in library, and respectively reaches and can both disappear air tightly closed
Poison, and ventilation can be aerated when not sterilizing, to guarantee that gas is fresh, and conveniently, controllable time, low cost；
The multi-functional agricultural products storage and preservation library of the present invention is realized to temperature, relative humidity, gas componant (ozone, ethylene
And carbon dioxide) mutual cooperation and whole-process automatic control.
The good effect of the advantages of method of the cultivation of yellow fruit mandarin orange and storage of the present invention and generation
(1) new technology that the production of yellow fruit mandarin orange be combined with each other with postharvest storage is formd:
The present invention forms the complete method from variety selection, cultivation production to storage, by rational application of fertilizers, the filling in cultivation
The conditions control technologies such as water, bagging, scientific picking, packaging, the application of antistaling agent, reserve temperature and storage facilities are organically tied
It closes, forms a complete technology entirety, both significantly improved the quality of yellow fruit mandarin orange, and reduced dosage, and reached length
Term storage realizes safe storage 3 months or more, increases economic efficiency 30-50% or more than selling fresh fruit after harvesting immediately, be to
The important breakthrough of preceding traditional production and selling mode；
(2) quality of fruit improves:
For cultural method of the present invention compared with peasant household's conventional cultivation technology, one soluble solid content of formula improves 1.5
Percentage point, Vc content improve 3 mg/mls, and total sugar content improves 2.0 mg/mls, and sugar-acid ratio reaches 23, improve 0.8;Match
Two soluble solid contents of side improve 1.6 percentage points, and Vc content improves 2.4 mg/mls, and total sugar content improves 1.0 millis
Grams per milliliter, sugar-acid ratio reach 22.6, improve 0.6;It is formulated three soluble solid contents and improves 0.7 percentage point, Vc content mentions
High 6 mg/ml, total sugar content improve 1.2 mg/mls, and sugar-acid ratio reaches 22.8, improve 0.6.It is set off in obvious tartaric acid taste
The lower flavor that can taste sweet tea, flavor is splendid, and the fruit more bad than same period quality extends storage time and reach 3 more resistant to storage
Month or more；Consumer groups expand, and northern consumer also gradually receives and favor yellow fruit mandarin orange flavor；
(3) storage rot and loss are reduced:
Bagging can effectively reduce the probability that fruit is encroached on by pest and disinfect pathogen in the period of fruit is in growth, make fruit
Son has better commodity, and what can be stored in later period storage is more long, effective to reduce two of microorganism in storage
Secondary pollution；
(4) raising of soil fertility and lasting good quality and high output:
Using this method, peasant household is increased to the enthusiasm using organic fertilizer, improves the feasibility for realizing the ecological agriculture,
Organic fertilizer is used simultaneously, is reduced using chemical fertilizer bring land pollution, soil organic matter content is continuously improved, yellow fruit mandarin orange
Orchard soil crumb structure is obviously improved, and retain water and nutrients performance significantly improves, and the content of organic matter improves a lot；Growth status is strong
Strong, resistance against disadvantage enhancing, yellow fruit mandarin orange quality improve, and yield increases；
(5) ecological environment is improved, economic benefit is improved:
The feasibility for realizing the ecological agriculture is improved, while using organic fertilizer, is reduced using chemical fertilizer bring soil
Ground contamination, soil organic matter content are continuously improved, and increase peasant household to the enthusiasm using organic fertilizer；Yellow fruit mandarin orange quality improves,
Yield increases, this cultivation technique makes single fruit weight increase 18 g, and the output value per ton increases 0.5 ten thousand yuan, realizes yellow fruit mandarin orange industry
Sustainable development.
Detailed description of the invention:
Fig. 1 is the multi-functional agricultural products storage and preservation library structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is each location of controls schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is wet curtain humidifier structural schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is measurement and control of temperature schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is humidity observing and controlling, ozone observing and controlling and ventilation principle figure.
Specific embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
Referring to FIG. 1 to FIG. 6, the multi-functional agricultural products storage and preservation library used in the present embodiment 1, includes the storehouse of door 17
Library, temperature control system, humidity detection and control system, gas componant control system.There is the type of outsourcing in temperature control system
Number for AKD -602 temperature display and controller 8, the model HW301 of outsourcing air-heater show with controller 23, pass through
What transmission line was controlled with the temperature display temp probe 25 connected to the controller in warehouse, by temperature display and controller
Compressor 18 and air-cooler 4 in warehouse are shown the air-heater 10 controlled with controller by air-heater.Humidity detection and control
Have in system processed model DHCP -100 of outsourcing humidity display and controller 22, in warehouse by transmission line with
Humidity display hygrometry probe 27 connected to the controller, wet curtain humidifier.There is having outside warehouse in wet curtain humidifier
The water tank 1 of water inlet with water circulating pump 14 and water return outlet 16, the wet curtain 3 in warehouse, loaded on the humidification wind before wet curtain
Machine 2.The other end for the water inlet pipe 13 that one end is connect with the water circulating pump in water tank passes through warehouse wall and connect with wet curtain.One end and water
The other end of the return pipe 15 of water return outlet connection in case passes through warehouse wall and connect with wet curtain.It is gone here and there between change-over switch and air-introduced machine
It is connected with air-introduced machine Electric air valve 35.
There is the model VYCK-for the outsourcing that the detection tracheae 28 in warehouse is protruded into one end in gas componant control system
406 gas analyzer display 21, compound ventilation air-changing device, chlorination equipment.There is the phase on warehouse wall in compound ventilation air-changing device
To the Electric air valve for being equipped with equilibrated valve 5 and the electronic wind valve controller of the concatenated band of equilibrated valve on the position of wet curtain
9, the air-introduced machine 6 on warehouse wall, by change-over switch 33 respectively with Electric air valve, air-introduced machine and air-introduced machine Electric air valve connect
The timer 32 connect.There are the ozone observing and controlling display 24 of model SJG/G100, leading on warehouse inner wall in chlorination equipment
Cross Determination of ozone probe 26, the ozone generator 7 on bracket 11 that transmission line is connect with ozone observing and controlling display.
Referring to Fig. 1, have in warehouse pile pier 31, one end and air-introduced machine outlet and the other end protrudes into pile pier bottom portion
Induced duct 29.There are several vents 30 on induced duct.
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 6, the humidity display value in humidity display and controller 22 passes through DHM2A type aspirated psychrometer 34
Accurately to be corrected.
Referring to fig. 2, warehouse wall is made of warehouse insulating layer 19, the steel plate layer 20 for being compounded in insulating layer two sides.Water tank, water inlet
The part that pipe, return pipe are located at outside warehouse is compounded with thermal insulation material 12 respectively.
Referring to FIG. 1 to FIG. 6, when multi-functional agricultural products storage and preservation library of the invention works:
The monitoring of temperature and automatic cooling: in the case that temperature is higher than storehouse temperature outside library in storage, with Ku Neiwen
The rising of degree passes through data line, temperature when temperature sense probe senses that storehouse temperature is higher than the maximum temperature value of set temperature
Display receives signal with controller, and temperature display and controller 8 issue signal instruction to compressor 18 and air-cooler 4, compression
Machine 18 and air-cooler 4 start simultaneously after receiving instruction, and air-cooler 4 passes through the freon in compressor between gaseous state and liquid
Conversion generate cooling capacity generate cold wind, achieve the effect that reduce library in air and temperature of charge, when temperature sense probe incude
After minimum temperature of the temperature lower than setting in library in air, temperature sense probe sends a signal to temperature display and controller
8, controller issues instructions to compressor 18 and air-cooler 4 after receiving signal, by controller, and compressor 18 and air-cooler 4 exist
It shuts down after receiving instruction.In order to guarantee the energy consumption of freezer normally and guarantee that cold storage effect, the metope in library, ground and ceiling are equal
The insulating layer 19 being made of using 20 sandwich of color steel sheet layer polyurethane or polystyrene.
The monitoring and automatic control of humidity: humidity inductive probe of the present invention senses that humidity is lower than humidity display and control in library
After the minimum humidity that device 22 processed is set, humidity inductive probe sends a signal to humidity display and controller 22, and controller 22 exists
After receiving signal, water circulating pump 14 and blower 2 in water tank 1 are issued instructions to by it, makes them while starting.After starting water by
Water inlet pipe 13 enters wet curtain 3 and forms porous wetted surface, and extra water returns to water tank, humidification blower peace from drainpipe 15
Before wet curtain, humidification blower starting after so that in library air from wet curtain 3 enter, by porous wetted surface from humidification wind
Machine 2 comes out, to improve air humidity.As humidity is continuously increased in air, when humidity inductive probe senses air in library
Humidity reach the highest humidity that humidity display and controller 22 are set after, issued and instructed by humidity display and controller 22,
Simultaneously close off water circulating pump 14 and humidification blower 2.Scatter and disappear to reduce the cold energy of freezer, in water inlet pipe 13 and return pipe 15 and
The outer surface of water tank 1 all uses cellular insulant 12 to be wrapped up.
The accurate correction of humidity:
The numerical value of humidity display controller is corrected by DHM2A type aspirated psychrometer.Reach and essence is carried out to humidity
Quasi- measurement corrects the value of humidity display and the display of controller 22 with its actual measured value, ensure that the accuracy of the latter.
The mode of ventilation has pressure difference air exchange and two kinds of forced ventilation.Wherein, by timer, change-over switch, Electric air valve and
Equilibrated valve combination, forms pressure difference air exchange unit；On the basis of pressure difference air exchange equipment, by timer, change-over switch, electronic
The pressure difference air exchange unit of air-valve and equilibrated valve composition is combined with air-introduced machine, forms forced ventilation unit.
Scavenging way -1, pressure difference air exchange:
When the mode operation, by timer connect control Electric air valve 9, Electric air valve 9 with inside and outside have with
What spring was connected, it can be contacted with the equilibrated valve 5 of the blade of bidirectional open.When compressor 18 and air-cooler 4 are run, in library
Air cooling meat, air pressure reduces in library, and at this moment, under the action of pressure difference, extraneous fresh air is electronic by what is opened
Air-valve and equilibrated valve flow in library；After air-cooler is out of service, air is gradually warmed up expansion in library, in library atmospherically
It rises, at this moment, air is discharged to outside library by Electric air valve and equilibrated valve.In this way, by being located at two inside and outside equilibrated valve
Side be connected with spring can be with the blade of bidirectional open, so that the air inside and outside library carries out bidirectional flow under the driving of pressure difference
It is dynamic, reach ventilation effect.
In operation, the time that coupled Electric air valve and ozone measurement and control instrument display are opened is set by timer
Complementation, ozone measurement and control instrument display control ozone machine operation.In the period of ozonization operation, Electric air valve is by timer control
It is made as closing；Conversely, Electric air valve is to open by Timer Controlling in the period that ozonization is closed.To reach into
In the period of row ozonization, Electric air valve is closed, so that freezer is closed, is convenient for sterilizing, be disappeared in no progress ozone
In the period of poison, Electric air valve is opened, and allows freezer and the external world carries out pressure difference air inlet and pressure difference is vented, reach ventilation with
The purpose that ozonization staggeredly carries out
Scavenging way -2, forced ventilation:
In order to enhance ventilation effect, it is provided with forced ventilation unit.When operation, timer controls air-introduced machine 6 and electricity simultaneously
Dynamic air-valve 9 is opened, and achievees the purpose that Wind Volume forced ventilation.The conversion of four kinds of operating statuses of the air exchange system in the present invention is shown in
Table 1.
Table 1 " disinfection ", " pressure difference air exchange ", " do not sterilize and do not take a breath " and " forced ventilation " 4 kinds of operational modes are mutually converted
Table:
In order to detect in library various gas componant contents in air, extracted by the air entry of gas analyzer tracheae empty in library
Gas, after detecting by gas analyzer, by obtained data signal transmission in gas analyzer display 21, display will
Obtained signal is shown with number.By observing the variation of library composition of gases within, the various equipment of freezer are further adjusted
Setting, with determine whether carry out human assistance ventilation, reach best storage effect.
Chlorination equipment is popped one's head in by Determination of ozone, transmission line, and ozone observing and controlling display controller, ozone generator composition are realized
Ozone detects automatically, adds ozone automatically, and combines with gas regulating system (automatic air-exchanging).It is transported automatically in ozonization
Between the departure date, when Determination of ozone probe senses the ozone concentration in library in air lower than 24 setting value of ozone observing and controlling display most
When lower concentration values, Determination of ozone probe sends a signal to ozone measurement and control instrument display 24, and display is after receiving signal, by showing
Device issues instructions to ozone generator 7, and starting generates ozone after ozone generator 7 receives instruction, when ozone reaches setting most
When high concentration value, Determination of ozone probe sends a signal to ozone measurement and control instrument display 24, and display is after receiving signal, by showing
Device issues instructions to ozone generator 7, and ozone generator 7 shuts down after receiving instruction.Ozone observing and controlling display 24 can be set
The automatic running for setting and controlling ozone generator 7, the ozone concentration kept constant.
Management method before the cultivation and harvesting of 1 yellow fruit mandarin orange of the present embodiment, comprising the following steps:
(1) yellow fruit mandarin orange variety selection:
Yellow fruit mandarin orange kind is that have the miscellaneous mandarin orange kind in advantage characteristic place of China's independent intellectual property right, main at present to promote carefully
The high-quality yellow fruit mandarin orange of Pi Pingdi large fruit.
(2) rational application of fertilizers:
1. Fertilization Level:
Each household Cotton Varieties by Small Farming Households yellow fruit mandarin orange working condition is different, some peasant households do not have methane-generating pit, also just fertile without natural pond, some
Peasant household, that is, no methane-generating pit, also without raising live pig, without barnyard manure, so the soil organism can only be supplemented with oil cake, so having
Three different formulas；
Rational application of fertilizers, it is 100 kilograms/plant that orchard, which produces yellow fruit mandarin orange ability, at 5 kgs/year of growth increment, formula one:
Every plant of annual application 50 kilograms of barnyard manure, 0.51 kilogram of urea, 0.48 kilogram of calcium superphosphate, 1.1 kilograms of agricultural potassium sulfate;Formula
Two: every plant annual application natural pond fertilizer 120 kgs, 1.28 kilograms of agricultural potassium sulfate；Annual 2.5 kilograms of the oil cake of application of formula three: every plant,
0.76 kilogram of urea, 2.58 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 1.7 kilograms of agricultural potassium sulfate；
Be formulated selection principle: cost is minimum in three formulas with the fertilising of natural pond fertilizer formula, barnyard manure rational application of fertilizers cost secondly, with
Oil cake rational application of fertilizers cost highest, Formulation Implementation formulation selection principle are that orchard worker natural pond fertilizer just selects formula two, no longer select formula
One and formula three;Orchard worker has barnyard manure in no natural pond fertilizer, and just only selection is formulated one, no longer selects formula three；Orchard worker is in no natural pond
In the case where fertilizer and barnyard manure, only selection formula three improves yellow fruit mandarin orange quality；
2. fertilizing time and dose:
Yellow fruit mandarin orange fertilization compositions based on earth measurement model test, according to the growth characteristics of yellow fruit mandarin orange, each growth year applies fertilizer four times, i.e.,
Yellow fruit mandarin orange Hua Qianfei (annual mid or late Febuary), bud differentiation fertile (early June), young fruit fertile (late June) and Fruit fertilizer (8
Month early and middle ten days).Formula one: Hua Qianfei is with 0.31 kilogram of urea, 20 kilograms of barnyard manure；Bud differentiation fertilizer is public with calcium superphosphate fertilizer 0.2
Jin, 0.1 kilogram of calcium superphosphate of young fruit fertilizer, 0.4 kilogram of agricultural potassium sulfate, 30 kilograms of barnyard manure of Fruit fertilizer, urea 0.2 are public
Jin, 0.18 kilogram of peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers, 0.7 kilogram of agricultural potassium sulfate；For formula two: Hua Qianfei with 30 kilograms of biogas slurry, bud differentiation is fertile
With 20 kilograms of biogas slurry, 20 kilograms of biogas slurry of young fruit fertilizer, 0.28 kilogram of agricultural potassium sulfate, Fruit fertilizer 50 kilograms of biogas slurry, agriculture
With 1 kilogram of potassium sulfate；Formula three: Hua Qianfei is with 0.36 kilogram of urea, and bud differentiation fertilizer is with 0.7 kilogram of calcium superphosphate, oil cake 0.6
Kilogram, young fruit fertilizer is with 0.68 kilogram of calcium superphosphate, 0.7 kilogram of agricultural potassium sulfate, Fruit fertilizer 1.9 kilograms of oil cake, urea
0.4 kilogram, 1.2 kilograms of peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers, 1 kilogram of agricultural potassium sulfate；
3. time and the mode of fertilising:
Yellow fruit mandarin orange fertilization compositions based on earth measurement model test, according to the growth characteristics of yellow fruit mandarin orange, each growth year applies fertilizer four times, i.e.,
Hua Qianfei, bud differentiation fertilizer, young fruit fertilizer and Fruit fertilizer four times, fertilising is all made of radiating fertilization method and fertilizer placement
It does not repeat.
(3) management of water:
Irrigation water is pollution-free, and water quality should meet " 5084 field irrigation standards of water quality of GB ", is irrigated using mountain spring water.
It respectively pours water the 2-4 month once, pours water every time saturating, until rainy season set after December, fruit picking in winter every year.Irrigation quantity is with water saturates
Subject to Root Distribution layer (40-60cm)；
(4) bagging measure:
Bagging measure includes the fruit thinning successively carried out, sprinkling prevention and treatment pest and disease damage medicament and bagging, in mid or late June-August
The middle ten days carries out.Fruit thinning carries out twice, and first time fruit thinning is dredged go depauperation fruit, disease first in mid or late June progress, fruit thinning
Wormed fruit, malformed fruit, small and weak fruit；July early and middle ten days carry out second according to fruiting amount, setting fruit position, fruit size and shape and mend
Fruit thinning is filled, fruit spacing is made to be greater than 15 centimetres；
After fruit thinning, sprinkling prevention and treatment pest and disease damage medicament and bagging are carried out in mid-August mid or late July-: spray carries out two
It is secondary, it is to the whole comprehensive spraying insecticide of tree, the preparation of insecticide are as follows: by Envidor pre-mixing liquor, avermectin pre-mixing liquor for the first time
Composite insecticide is configured to according to the ratio that weight ratio is 2.5:1.7:2.2 with Propineb pre-mixing liquor；Above-mentioned Envidor is prewired
It for 24% Envidor commodity suspending agent and water is that 1:300 is formulated according to mass ratio that liquid, which uses weight percent concentration, AVM hereinafter
Rhzomorph pre-mixing liquor use weight percent concentration for 2.0% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate and water according to mass ratio be 1:450 prepare and
Using weight percent concentration at, Propineb pre-mixing liquor for 70% Wettable propineb powder and water is 1:230 according to mass ratio
It is formulated；
After first time spray 8-12 days, second of spray and bagging are carried out.Second of spray is to the spray comprehensively of whole tree
Fungicide of cloth, the preparation of fungicide are as follows: by fluopyram trifloxystrobin pre-mixing liquor, Prochloraz pre-mixing liquor according to weight ratio
For the ratio of 2.6:1.5, it is configured to compound disinfectant；Above-mentioned fluopyram trifloxystrobin pre-mixing liquor, which uses, contains weight hundred
Divide the fluopyram that specific concentration is 21.4% and the commodity fluopyram oxime bacterium that weight percent concentration is 21.4% trifloxystrobin
Ester suspending agent and water are formulated according to mass ratio for 1:250, Prochloraz pre-mixing liquor use weight percent concentration for 25% miaow
Fresh amine suspending agent and water are formulated according to mass ratio for 1:500；
Bagging, normal, the healthy and strong single fruit of selection growth, using 110mm are carried out after the medical fluid of the spray at second is dry
× 160mm, sack are embedded with the thickness for tightening iron wire in 20g/m2White papery light transmission special fruit bag, by outside tree crown in, from
To upper carry out bagging under tree crown, fruit bag opening entangles fruit, is tightened sack at carpopodium with tightening iron wire；
(5) management method before harvesting:
For yellow fruit mandarin orange plucking time in early and middle ten days-early April in March, maturity reaches 85-95%.Forbid spraying within 40 days before fruit picking
Medicine must not pour water, and rainy day or fruit show that water is not dry to be picked.
The storage practice of 1 yellow fruit mandarin orange of the embodiment of the present invention the following steps are included:
1) harvesting of fresh fruit: when fruit reaches 85-95% maturity together with the paper bag fruit picking of first protheca, fruit picking
Shi Tianqi answers sunny no rain, and fruit picking technology uses " fruit two cuts method ", i.e., first cuts, and band carpopodium about 3-4cm is cut, and second cuts,
Carpopodium is cut from base of fruit, is first gently put into bucket, is then gently poured into again in the hollow plastic box of lid；
2) select fruit and vanning: in harvesting, fruit, decayed fruit are hurt in rejecting, and it is the with cover of 15-20Kg that fruit, which is then packed into capacity,
In hollow plastic box, there are 10% gaps for case top；
3) medicament is prepared: bellkute pre-mixing liquor, Imazalil sulfate pre-mixing liquor, thiabendazole pre-mixing liquor, 2.4-D are pre-
The ratio for being 2.5:3.0:2.1:0.8 according to weight ratio with liquid, is configured to composite preservative medicament；
It is 10% commodity bellkute emulsion and water according to quality that above-mentioned bellkute pre-mixing liquor, which uses weight percent concentration,
Be formulated than 1:1000, Imazalil sulfate pre-mixing liquor use weight percent concentration for 75% commodity Imazalil sulfate
Soluble granula and water are formulated according to mass ratio 1:800, and thiabendazole pre-mixing liquor uses weight percent concentration for 60%
Thiabendazole wettable powder and water are formulated according to mass ratio 1:700；2.4-D pre-mixing liquors use weight percent concentration
It is formulated for 85% 2.4-D of commodity emulsion and water according to mass ratio 1:6000；
4) medicament impregnates:
It is prepared being put into togerther by the fruit for being cased with paper bag selected together with plastic box in composite fresh-keeping medicament in advance
It impregnates 1-3 minutes；For the fruit of not bagging, directly impregnated with composite fresh-keeping medicament；
5) airing:
After medicament impregnates, fruit is placed 40-50 hours in cool place drying, not by direct sunlight, draughty canopy, is allowed
Fruit surface and paper bag reach drying, without droplet；Then FCL is directly put in storage storage；
6) it stores: being stored in multi-functional agricultural products storage and preservation library, the stacking height of chest is no more than 6-8 layers,
It is deposited in above the pile pier of 120mm from the ground.In storage, expected according to different storages, storage material quality, maturity
Situations such as with packaging, to the holding conditions of temperature, humidity, gas concentration lwevel and ozone concentration, mutual cooperation and ventilation
Carry out whole full-automatic accurate control；In terms of temperature control, storehouse temperature is controlled at 7-9 DEG C by temperature control system,
Temperature difference is controlled at 2.0 DEG C；In terms of humid control, by suspension type wet curtain humidification system and DHM2A type aspirated psychrometer, reach
It has arrived and precise determination and control is carried out to humidity, by humid control 87-89%, psychrometric difference is controlled 2.0%；In gas componant
Control and ventilation aspect, through gas composition monitoring and automatic ventilation control system, in storage based on pressure difference air exchange
And combine and carry out certain forced ventilation, keep having sufficient fresh air in library, during ventilation, gas concentration lwevel is dropped to
400PPm or less；In terms of disinfection, pass through the ozone TT&C system being made of instruments such as ozone generator, ozone observing and controlling displays
The automatic monitoring and control for carrying out ozone concentration controls ozone concentration in 50-55PPm during disinfection；
7) outbound: under conditions of no cold chain transportation and sale, should shift to an earlier date 2 days, and library temperature is slowly raised and ring
The identical room temperature in border (20 DEG C or so), then outbound；It, can direct outbound under conditions of having cold chain transportation and sale.
Embodiment 2:
The embodiment of the present invention 2 is substantially substantially the same manner as Example 1.The difference is that；Fruit does not have during the growth process
Cover paper bag；Through after harvesting and choosing fruit, vanning, impregnated without medicament, directly carries out airing together with chest, after medicament impregnates,
Fruit is in cool place drying, not by placing in direct sunlight, draughty canopy 15-30 hours, and then storage is stored；In storage,
Humid control is 92-94%；
Embodiment 3:
The embodiment of the present invention 3 is substantially substantially the same manner as Example 1.The difference is that: fruit does not have during the growth process
Cover paper bag；By selecting fruit, vanning after harvesting, is impregnated without medicament, directly carry out airing 8-18 hours together with chest, so
Storage storage afterwards；In storage, humid control is 90-92%；
Embodiment 4:
The embodiment of the present invention 4 is substantially substantially the same manner as Example 1.The difference is that: fruit does not have during the growth process
Cover paper bag；Through after harvesting and choosing fruit, vanning, impregnated without medicament, directly progress bagging, bagging selection 110mm ×
160mm, with a thickness of 20g/m2, sack do not tighten the white papery light transmission special fruit bag or 200mm × 200mm of iron wire, thickness
For 20g/m2Blank sheet of paper carry out single fruit and/or more fruit baggings packaging, after bagging, sack downward, is still mounted in hollow plastic box
Interior, there are 10% gaps for case top.Then it is put in storage and stores together with chest.
Embodiment 5:
The embodiment of the present invention 5 is substantially substantially the same manner as Example 1.The difference is that: fruit does not have during the growth process
Cover paper bag；By selecting fruit, vanning, medicament to impregnate, after airing after harvesting, progress bagging, bagging selects 110mm × 160mm,
With a thickness of 20g/m2, sack does not tighten the white papery light transmission special fruit bag or 200mm × 200mm of iron wire, with a thickness of 20g/m2
Blank sheet of paper carry out single fruit and/or more fruit baggings and packaging, after bagging, sack downward, still in hollow plastic box, chest
There are 10% gaps at top.Then it is put in storage and stores together with chest.
Embodiment 6:
The embodiment of the present invention 6 is substantially substantially the same manner as Example 1.The difference is that；
1) rational application of fertilizers is horizontal:
Rational application of fertilizers, it is 100 kilograms/plant that orchard, which produces yellow fruit mandarin orange ability, at 5 kgs/year of growth increment, formula one:
Every plant of annual application 48 kilograms of barnyard manure, 0.48 kilogram of urea, 0.36 kilogram of calcium superphosphate, 0.4 kilogram of agricultural potassium sulfate；Formula
Two: every plant 92 kilograms, 0.7 kilogram of agricultural potassium sulfate of fertilizer of annual application natural ponds；Annual 1.7 kilograms of the oil cake of application of formula three: every plant, urine
Plain 0.65 kilogram, 1.7 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 1.3 kilograms of agricultural potassium sulfate；
2) fertilizing time and dose:
Each growth year applies fertilizer four times, i.e. yellow fruit mandarin orange Hua Qianfei (annual mid or late Febuary), bud differentiation fertile (early June),
Young fruit fertilizer (late June) and Fruit are fertile (August early and middle ten days).For formula one: Hua Qianfei with 0.14 kilogram of urea, barnyard manure 16 is public
Jin；0.16 kilogram of calcium superphosphate fertilizer of bud differentiation fertilizer, 0.05 kilogram of calcium superphosphate of young fruit fertilizer, 0.1 kilogram of agricultural potassium sulfate,
28 kilograms of barnyard manure of Fruit fertilizer, 0.17 kilogram of urea, 0.15 kilogram of peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers, 0.3 kilogram of agricultural potassium sulfate；Formula
Two: Hua Qianfei with 26 kilograms of biogas slurry, and bud differentiation fertilizer is with 17 kilograms of biogas slurry, young fruit fertilizer 16 kilograms of biogas slurry, agricultural potassium sulfate
0.17 kilogram, Fruit fertilizer is with 33 kilograms of biogas slurry, 0.47 kilogram of agricultural potassium sulfate；Formula three: Hua Qianfei is public with urea 0.34
Jin, bud differentiation fertilizer is with 0.4 kilogram of calcium superphosphate, 0.4 kilogram of oil cake；Young fruit fertilizer is with 0.6 kilogram of calcium superphosphate, agricultural potassium sulfate
0.5 kilogram, 1.3 kilograms of oil cake of Fruit fertilizer, 0.31 kilogram of urea, 0.7 kilogram of peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.8
Kilogram；
3) fruit does not cover paper bag during the growth process；The harvesting when fruit reaches 95% maturity；Pass through after harvesting
It selects fruit, vanning, medicament to impregnate, after airing 8-18 hours, carries out bagging, bagging selects 110mm × 160mm, with a thickness of 20g/
m2, sack does not tighten the white papery light transmission special fruit bag or 200mm × 200mm of iron wire, with a thickness of 20g/m2Blank sheet of paper carry out
Single fruit and/or more fruit baggings are packed, and after bagging, downward, still in hollow plastic box, there are 10% for case top for sack
Gap.Then it is put in storage and stores together with chest.
Embodiment 7:
The embodiment of the present invention 7 is substantially substantially the same manner as Example 1.The difference is that；
1) rational application of fertilizers is horizontal:
Rational application of fertilizers, it is 100 kilograms/plant that orchard, which produces yellow fruit mandarin orange ability, at 5 kgs/year of growth increment, formula one:
Every plant of annual application 54 kilograms of barnyard manure, 0.55 kilogram of urea, 0.58 kilogram of calcium superphosphate, 1.5 kilograms of agricultural potassium sulfate；Formula
Two: every plant 135 kilograms, 1.35 kilograms of agricultural potassium sulfate of fertilizer of annual application natural ponds；Annual 3.5 kilograms of the oil cake of application of formula three: every plant,
0.82 kilogram of urea, 3.6 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 2.2 kilograms of agricultural potassium sulfate.
2) fertilizing time and dose:
Each growth year applies fertilizer four times, i.e. yellow fruit mandarin orange Hua Qianfei (annual mid or late Febuary), bud differentiation fertile (early June),
Young fruit fertilizer (late June) and Fruit are fertile (August early and middle ten days).For formula one: Hua Qianfei with 0.38 kilogram of urea, barnyard manure 26 is public
Jin；0.23 kilogram of calcium superphosphate fertilizer of bud differentiation fertilizer, 0.17 kilogram of calcium superphosphate of young fruit fertilizer, 0.6 kilogram of agricultural potassium sulfate,
32 kilograms of barnyard manure of Fruit fertilizer, 0.34 kilogram of urea, 0.18 kilogram of peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers, 0.9 kilogram of agricultural potassium sulfate；Formula
Two: Hua Qianfei with 36 kilograms of biogas slurry, and bud differentiation fertilizer is with 23 kilograms of biogas slurry, young fruit fertilizer 23 kilograms of biogas slurry, agricultural potassium sulfate
0.23 kilogram, Fruit fertilizer is with 53 kilograms of biogas slurry, 1.18 kilograms of agricultural potassium sulfate；Formula three: Hua Qianfei is public with urea 0.41
Jin, bud differentiation fertilizer is with 0.8 kilogram of calcium superphosphate, 0.9 kilogram of oil cake；Young fruit fertilizer is with 0.7 kilogram of calcium superphosphate, agricultural potassium sulfate
0.9 kilogram, 2.6 kilograms of oil cake of Fruit fertilizer, 0.41 kilogram of urea, 2.1 kilograms of peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers, agricultural potassium sulfate 1.3
Kilogram；
3) fruit does not cover paper bag during the growth process；The harvesting when fruit reaches 80% maturity；Pass through after harvesting
It selects fruit, vanning, medicament to impregnate, after airing 8-18 hours, carries out bagging, bagging selects 110mm × 160mm, with a thickness of 20g/
m2, sack does not tighten the white papery light transmission special fruit bag or 200mm × 200mm of iron wire, with a thickness of 20g/m2Blank sheet of paper carry out
Single fruit and/or more fruit baggings are packed, and after bagging, downward, still in hollow plastic box, there are 10% for case top for sack
Gap.Then it is put in storage and stores together with chest.
Above-described embodiment is to be described further to above content of the invention, but it is above-mentioned that this should not be interpreted as to the present invention
The range of theme is only limitted to above-described embodiment.It is all to be all belonged to the scope of protection of the present invention based on the technology that above content is realized.
Claims (10)
1. the method for yellow fruit mandarin orange cultivation, the management including rational application of fertilizers, water, it is characterised in that use rational application of fertilizers, orchard production
When yellow fruit mandarin orange ability is 100 kilograms/plant, 5 kgs/year of growth increment, the annual application barnyard manure 48-54 of formula one: every plant is public
Jin, 0.48-0.55 kilogram of urea, 0.36-0.58 kilogram of calcium superphosphate, 0.4-1.5 kilograms of agricultural potassium sulfate；Formula two: every
Annual application 92-135 kilograms of the natural pond fertilizer, 0.7-1.35 kilograms of agricultural potassium sulfate of strain；The annual application oil cake of formula three: every plant
1.7-3.5 kilograms, 0.65-0.82 kilogram of urea, 1.7-3.6 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 1.3-2.2 kilograms of agricultural potassium sulfate,
Fertilizing time and dose are applied fertilizer four times in each growth year, i.e., annual mid or late Febuary applies Huang according to the growth characteristics of yellow fruit mandarin orange
Fruit mandarin orange Hua Qianfei, early June apply bud differentiation fertilizer, late June applies young fruit fertilizer and August early and middle ten days apply Fruit fertilizer, dose
Formula one: Hua Qianfei is with 16-26 kilograms of barnyard manure, 0.14-0.38 kilogram of urea, bud differentiation fertilizer calcium superphosphate fertilizer 0.16-
0.23 kilogram, 0.05-0.17 kilogram of calcium superphosphate of young fruit fertilizer, 0.1-0.6 kilogram of agricultural potassium sulfate, Fruit fertilizer matting
28-32 kilograms of fertilizer, 0.17-0.34 kilogram of urea, 0.15-0.18 kilogram of peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.3-0.9 are public
Jin；Dose formula two: Hua Qianfei 26-36 kilograms of natural pond fertilizer, 17-23 kilograms of natural pond fertilizer of bud differentiation fertilizer, young fruit fertilizer natural pond
Fertile 16-23 kilograms, 0.17-0.23 kilogram of agricultural potassium sulfate, Fruit fertilizer 33-53 kilograms of natural pond fertilizer, agricultural potassium sulfate
0.47-1.18 kilograms；Dose formula three: Hua Qianfei is with 0.34-0.41 kilogram of urea, bud differentiation fertilizer calcium superphosphate
0.4-0.8 kilogram, 0.4-0.9 kilogram of oil cake, young fruit fertilizer is with 0.6-0.7 kilogram of calcium superphosphate, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.5-0.9
Kilogram, 1.3-2.6 kilograms of oil cake of Fruit fertilizer, 0.31-0.41 kilogram of urea, 0.7-2.1 kilograms of peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers,
0.8-1.3 kilograms of agricultural potassium sulfate；
Above-mentioned natural pond fertilizer is to use feces of livestock and poultry organic substance gained biogas slurry and biogas residue mixture, fresh base after methane-generating pit anaerobic fermentation
Middle water content is up to 94%, dry matter 6%, in which: N, P2O5、K2O content be respectively 0.499%, full phosphorus 0.495%, full potassium 0.245%,
The content of organic matter 4.6%, pH value 7.0；Barnyard manure places livestock and poultry colony house and raising animal dung from weeds, leaf, stalk straw gasket materials
Just mixing of accumulating over a long period hoards 1 year or more, decomposed degree reaches 70% or more when in use, water content 70%, dry matter in fresh base
Content 30%, wherein N, P2O5、K2O content is 0.376%, 0.355%, 0.359% respectively, the content of organic matter 3.12%, pH value 6.8；
Oil cake directly squeezes fuel-displaced rear remaining oil cake, aqueous 1%, dry matter content 99%, wherein N, P in fresh base using rapeseed2O5、
K2O content is 5.195%, 1.954%, 1.345% respectively, the content of organic matter 8.3%, pH value 6.5；Urea leaded wastewater is 46%；Cross phosphorus
The P of sour calcium2O5Content is 12%；The K of potassium sulfate2O content is 50%.
2. the method for yellow fruit mandarin orange cultivation as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that use bagging measure in method, bagging is arranged
It applies and is carried out twice including fruit thinning, sprinkling prevention and treatment pest and disease damage medicament and subsequent bagging, fruit thinning, first time, fruit thinning was in mid or late June
It carries out, when fruit thinning, dredges go depauperation fruit, disease pest fruit first；Second of supplement fruit thinning is carried out in early and middle ten days in July, makes fruit spacing
Greater than 15 centimetres；
After fruit thinning, sprinkling prevention and treatment pest and disease damage medicament and bagging are carried out in mid-August late July-: spray is carried out twice, and first
Secondary is to the whole comprehensive spraying insecticide of tree, the preparation of insecticide are as follows: by Envidor pre-mixing liquor, avermectin pre-mixing liquor and Propineb
Pre-mixing liquor is the ratio of 3:2-4 0.5-4:1-according to weight ratio, is configured to composite insecticide；Above-mentioned Envidor pre-mixing liquor
Using mass percent concentration for 24% Envidor commodity suspending agent and water is that 1:200-500 is formulated according to mass ratio,
It for 2.0% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate and water is 1:300-according to mass ratio that avermectin pre-mixing liquor, which uses mass percent concentration,
600 are formulated, and it is 70% Wettable propineb powder and water according to quality that Propineb pre-mixing liquor, which uses mass percent concentration,
Than being formulated for 1:100-300；
After first time spray 8-12 days, second of spray and bagging are carried out, second of spray is to the whole comprehensive spraying one of tree
Secondary fungicide, the preparation of fungicide are as follows: be according to weight ratio by fluopyram trifloxystrobin pre-mixing liquor, Prochloraz pre-mixing liquor
The ratio of 1.7-3:0.6-2, is configured to compound disinfectant；Above-mentioned fluopyram trifloxystrobin pre-mixing liquor, which uses, contains matter
Measure the fluopyram that percent concentration is 21.4% and the commodity fluopyram that mass percent concentration is 21.4% trifloxystrobin
Trifloxystrobin suspending agent and water are formulated according to mass ratio for 1:150-320, and Prochloraz pre-mixing liquor uses mass percent concentration
It according to mass ratio is that 1:400-650 is formulated for 25% Prochloraz suspending agent and water；
Bagging is carried out on the day of after the medical fluid of the spray at second is dry, normal, the healthy and strong single fruit of selection growth uses
100-130mm × 130-180mm, sack are embedded with the thickness for tightening iron wire in 10-60g/m2The white dedicated fruit of papery light transmission
Bag, by outside tree crown to it is interior, under tree crown to upper carry out bagging, fruit bag opening entangles fruit, with tightening iron wire for bag at carpopodium
Mouth tightens.
3. the method for yellow fruit mandarin orange cultivation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the management of water is that water quality reaches farmland irrigating
Standards of water quality is irrigate, is irrigated using mountain spring water, autumn, winter respectively pour water once, and pour water until rainy season set, to pour water every time thoroughly
Amount is subject to 40-60cm of water saturates Root Distribution layer；The preceding orchard of summer rainwater arriving will repair the logical gutter of reason, Flat Ground Orchard
It is noted that digging deep drain in orchard surrounding, hillside orchard is it is noted that build retaining dam or water blocking ditch on orchard top, to reduce rain
Water washes away, and should carry out Orchard mulch and Sod culture.
4. the method for yellow fruit mandarin orange as claimed in claim 1 or 2 cultivation, it is characterised in that forbid within 40 days before fruit picking spray, must not
It pours water, rainy day or fruit show that water is not dry to be picked；Fruit picking cuts method using a fruit two, i.e., first cuts, band 3-4cm of carpopodium is cut,
Second cuts, cuts carpopodium from base of fruit, is first gently put into bucket, then gently pours into again in the hollow plastic box of lid.
5. the method for yellow fruit mandarin orange cultivation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the method for yellow fruit mandarin orange storage includes following
Step:
1) harvesting of fresh fruit: being harvested when the maturity of fruit is at least up to 80%, is cased with the fruit of paper bag, is not covered paper bag
Fruit fruit picking together, weather answers sunny no rain when fruit picking；
2) select fruit and vanning: in harvesting, fruit, decayed fruit are hurt in rejecting, and it is the with cover hollow of 15-20Kg that fruit, which is then packed into capacity,
In plastic box, there are 10% gaps for case top；
3) airing:
It will just harvest and by selecting with the fruit of medicament immersion in cool place drying, not by direct sunlight, draughty canopy
It is interior to place 15-50 hours, allow fruit surface and paper bag to reach drying, without droplet；Then FCL is directly entered storage；
4) it stores: being stored in multi-functional agricultural products storage and preservation library, be deposited in the pile pier of 100-140mm from the ground
Above, in storage, expected according to different storages, storage material quality, maturity and Packing Condition, to temperature, humidity, two
Holding conditions, mutual cooperation and the ventilation for aoxidizing concentration of carbon and ozone concentration carry out whole full-automatic accurate control；In temperature
Degree control aspect, at 3.0-9.0 DEG C, temperature difference is controlled at 1.5-2.5 DEG C for storehouse temperature control；It, will in terms of humid control
80-95%, psychrometric difference is controlled 2.0-3.0% humid control；During ventilation, gas concentration lwevel drop to 400PPm with
Under, during disinfection, ozone concentration is controlled in 5-60PPm；
5) outbound: under conditions of no cold chain transportation and sale, 2 days should be shifted to an earlier date, library temperature is slowly raised and environment phase
Same room temperature, then outbound；Under conditions of having cold chain transportation and sale, direct outbound.
6. the method for yellow fruit mandarin orange cultivation as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that by the fruit for being cased with paper bag by selecting
It is put into prepare in composite fresh-keeping medicament in advance and impregnate 1-3 minutes；For the fruit of not bagging, composite fresh-keeping medicine is directly used
Agent is impregnated；
Above-mentioned composite fresh-keeping medicament is prepared: by bellkute pre-mixing liquor, Imazalil sulfate pre-mixing liquor, thiabendazole pre-mixing liquor,
2.4-D pre-mixing liquors are the ratio of 5:1-6:0.5-2 0.5-3:1-according to mass ratio, are configured to composite fresh-keeping medicament；
It is 10% commodity bellkute emulsion and water according to mass ratio 1 that above-mentioned bellkute pre-mixing liquor, which uses weight percent concentration:
700-1500 are formulated, Imazalil sulfate pre-mixing liquor use mass percent concentration for 75% commodity Imazalil sulfate
Soluble granula and water are formulated according to mass ratio 1:300-1000, and thiabendazole pre-mixing liquor uses mass percent concentration
It is formulated for 60% thiabendazole wettable powder and water according to mass ratio 1:500-1500；2.4-D pre-mixing liquors use matter
2.4-D of the commodity emulsion and water that amount percent concentration is 85% are formulated according to mass ratio 1:5000-9000.
7. the method for yellow fruit mandarin orange cultivation as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that multi-functional agricultural products storage and preservation library includes
Warehouse, the temperature control system in warehouse, humidity detection and control system, gas componant control system, temperature control system
There are temperature display and controller, air-heater to show with controller in system, is connected to the controller by transmission line and temperature display
Temp probe in warehouse, the compressor controlled by temperature display and controller, the air-cooler in warehouse, by hot wind
Machine shows the air-heater with controller control, has humidity display and controller, wet curtain humidifier in humidity detection and control system,
There is popping one's head in, being located at humidity display hygrometry connected to the controller by transmission line in warehouse in wet curtain humidifier
The water tank of the water inlet and water return outlet with water circulating pump outside warehouse, the wet curtain in warehouse, loaded on before wet curtain plus
In wet blower, one end and water tank water circulating pump connection and the other end pass through warehouse wall connect with wet curtain water inlet pipe, one end and
Water return outlet in water tank connects and the other end passes through the return pipe that warehouse wall is connect with wet curtain, has band in gas componant control system
Gas analyzer, compound ventilation air-changing device, the chlorination equipment of the detection tracheae in warehouse are protruded into one end, have dress in compound ventilation air-changing device
In the Electric air valve of equilibrated valve and equilibrated valve series winding on warehouse wall, the air-introduced machine on warehouse wall, positioned at storehouse
Being connect respectively with air-introduced machine, air-introduced machine Electric air valve and with the concatenated Electric air valve of equilibrated valve by change-over switch outside library
Timer, have ozone observing and controlling display, showing on warehouse inner wall by transmission line and ozone observing and controlling in chlorination equipment
Determination of ozone probe, the ozone generator of device connection.
8. the method for yellow fruit mandarin orange cultivation as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that have pile pier, one end and air-introduced machine in warehouse
Outlet and the other end protrude into the induced duct in pile pier bottom portion, have several vents on induced duct.
9. the method for yellow fruit mandarin orange cultivation as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that be provided with correction hygrometry in warehouse and visit
The DHM2A type aspirated psychrometer of the error of actual humidity value in the humidity value and warehouse of head reflection.
10. the method for yellow fruit mandarin orange as claimed in claim 7 cultivation, it is characterised in that warehouse wall by insulating layer, be compounded in heat preservation
The steel plate layer composition of layer two sides, the part that water tank, water inlet pipe and return pipe are located at outside warehouse is compounded with insulating layer respectively.
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| CN108037097B (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2021-05-07 | 山东七河生物科技股份有限公司 | Method for rapidly detecting maturity of mushroom sticks |
| CN108576206A (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2018-09-28 | 西南科技大学 | Blood orange low temperature preservative |
| CN109601172A (en) * | 2018-12-15 | 2019-04-12 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of fruit thinning method of Early maturity satsuma orange |
| CN111587721B (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2022-02-11 | 安徽商贸职业技术学院 | Outdoor plant protector |
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