CN105941063A - Yellow citrus cultivating and storing method - Google Patents
Yellow citrus cultivating and storing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105941063A CN105941063A CN201610400000.XA CN201610400000A CN105941063A CN 105941063 A CN105941063 A CN 105941063A CN 201610400000 A CN201610400000 A CN 201610400000A CN 105941063 A CN105941063 A CN 105941063A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/144—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
- A23B7/148—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor in a controlled atmosphere, e.g. partial vacuum, comprising only CO2, N2, O2 or H2O
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B7/154—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
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Abstract
The invention provides a yellow citrus cultivating and storing method. The yellow citrus cultivating and storing method adopts formulated fertilization, a fertilization period and the fertilization amount are based on the growth characteristics of yellow citruses, and four times of fertilization are performed each growth year. The yellow citrus cultivating and storing method comprises the steps of 1 fresh fruit harvesting, 2 fruit selection and casing, 3 spreading for cooling, 4 storage and 5 warehousing-out. By the adoption of the method, a novel technology integrating yellow citrus production and storage after harvesting is formed, the fruit quality is greatly improved, the rot and loss in storage are decreased, the soil fertility is improved, good quality and high yield are achieve, and the ecological environment is improved.
Description
Technical field:
The purpose of the present invention is relevant with agricultural production and agricultural product postharvest storage, has with yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. cultivation and storage practice especially
Close.
Background technology:
Yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. is Fructus Citri tangerinae and the orange hybridization Citrus chachiensis Hort. naturally occurred, and is super late-maturing citrus variety, and its listing phase is annual 3 April, just
Eating the dull season of fruit raw, prospect for sales is wide.
But presently, there are problems with:
1, fertilising and fruit picking are the most scientific and normal.It is embodied in and partially executes chemical fertilizer, light fertilizer, do not take rational application of fertilizers,
Fertilization time and method not science etc.；
2, mouthfeel and the quality of fruit are unstable, local flavor meta-acid, sugar-acid ratio 21, and north consumer does not favors；
3, not noting handling with care, arbitrarily jettisoninging, clip is lack of standardization, easily causes mechanical injury, not storage tolerance transport；
4, i.e. selling after adopting, do not have scientific and effective storage method, selling period is short, is unfavorable for uniform quality and improves yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort.
Added value and economic benefit.
Summary of the invention:
The invention aims to overcome above deficiency, it is provided that one can apply fertilizers scientifically and fruit picking, it is ensured that and improve yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort.
Quality and storage property, the method for the yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. cultivation of good quality and high output of increasing soil fertility, continue.
Another object of the present invention be to provide for a kind of significantly improve storage fruit quality, extend storage period,
Reduce storage rot and the fresh-keeping of loss and the storage practice of the yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. keeping local flavor.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
Huang of the present invention fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. cultural method, including rational application of fertilizers, the management of water, uses rational application of fertilizers, and orchard produces yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. energy
When power is 100 kilograms/strain, growth increment 5 kgs/year, formula one: the whole year is used barnyard manure 48 54 kilograms, carbamide in every strain
0.48 0.55 kilograms, calcium superphosphate 0.36 0.58 kilograms, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.4 1.5 kilograms；Formula two: every strain is annual
Use natural pond fertile 92 135 kilograms, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.7 1.35 kilograms；Formula three: the whole year is used oil cake 1.7 3.5 public affairs in every strain
Jin, 0.65 0.82 kilograms of carbamide, calcium superphosphate 1.7 3.6 kilograms, agricultural potassium sulfate 1.3 2.2 kilograms, fertilizing time and
Dose is the growth characteristics according to Huang fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort., applies fertilizer four times in each growth year, before i.e. annual mid or late Febuary executes yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort.
Fertile, early and middle ten days in June executes bud differentiation fertilizer, mid or late June executes young fruit fertilizer and early and middle ten days in August executes Fruit fertilizer, dose formula
One: Hua Qianfei with barnyard manure 16 26 kilograms, 0.14 0.38 kilograms of carbamide, bud differentiation fertilizer peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers 0.16 0.23
Kilogram, young fruit fertilizer calcium superphosphate 0.05 0.17 kilograms, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.1 0.6 kilograms, Fruit fertilizer barnyard manure
28 32 kilograms, 0.17 0.34 kilograms of carbamide, peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers 0.15 0.18 kilograms, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.3 0.9 public
Jin；Fertile 26 36 kilograms of natural pond of dose formula two: Hua Qianfei, fertile 17 23 kilograms of natural pond of bud differentiation fertilizer, young fruit fertilizer natural pond
Fertile 16 23 kilograms, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.17 0.23 kilograms, Fruit fertilizer natural pond fertile 33 53 kilograms, agricultural potassium sulfate
0.47 1.18 kilograms；0.34 0.41 kilograms of carbamide of dose formula three: Hua Qianfei, bud differentiation fertilizer calcium superphosphate
0.4 0.8 kilograms, oil cake 0.4 0.9 kilograms, young fruit fertilizer calcium superphosphate 0.6 0.7 kilograms, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.5 0.9
Kilogram, Fruit fertilizer oil cake 1.3 2.6 kilograms, 0.31 0.41 kilograms of carbamide, peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers 0.7 2.1 kilograms,
Agricultural potassium sulfate 0.8 1.3 kilograms；
Above-mentioned natural pond fertilizer is to use feces of livestock and poultry organic substance gained biogas slurry and biogas residue mixture, fresh base after methane-generating pit anaerobic fermentation
Middle water content reaches 94%, dry 6%, wherein: N, P2O5、K2O content is 0.499% respectively, full phosphorus 0.495%, full potassium 0.245%,
The content of organic matter 4.6%, pH value 7.0；Barnyard manure is placed poultry colony house from weeds, leaves, stalk straw gasket materials and raises animal dung
Just mixing of accumulating over a long period hoard more than 1 year, in use the degree of becoming thoroughly decomposed reach more than 70%, water content 70%, dry in fresh base
Content 30%, wherein N, P2O5、K2O content is 0.376%, 0.355%, 0.359% respectively, the content of organic matter 3.12%, pH value 6.8；
Oil cake use Semen Brassicae campestris directly squeeze fuel-displaced after remaining oil cake, aqueous 1% in fresh base, dry matter content 99%, wherein N, P2O5、
K2O content is 5.195%, 1.954%, 1.345% respectively, the content of organic matter 8.3%, pH value 6.5；Carbamide (CO (NH2)2) leaded wastewater
It is 46%；The P of calcium superphosphate2O5Content is 12%；Potassium sulfate is domestic potassium sulfate, K2The content of O is 50%.
Have employed bagging measure in above-mentioned method, bagging measure includes fruit thinning, sprays prevention and elimination of disease and pests medicament and subsequently
Bagging.Fruit thinning is carried out twice, and fruit thinning was carried out in mid or late June for the first time, during fruit thinning, first dredges and goes dysplasia fruit, disease pest
Really, malformed fruit, small and weak fruit；July early and middle ten days carry out second time and supplement fruit thinning, make fruit spacing more than 15 centimetres；
After fruit thinning, spray prevention and elimination of disease and pests medicament and bagging was carried out in mid-August mid or late July: spray medicine is carried out twice, the
It is once spraying insecticide comprehensive to whole tree, being formulated as of insecticide: by gloomy to Envidor pre-mixing liquor, avilamycin pre-mixing liquor and third
Zinc pre-mixing liquor, according to the ratio that weight ratio is 0.5 4:1 3:2 4, is configured to composite insecticide；Above-mentioned Envidor is prewired
Envidor commodity suspending agent and the water that liquid uses weight percent concentration to be 24% according to mass ratio be 1:200 500 prepare and
Becoming, the abamectin emulsifiable concentrate that avilamycin pre-mixing liquor uses weight percent concentration to be 2.0% is 1 with water according to mass ratio:
300 600 is formulated, Wettable propineb powder and the water that Propineb pre-mixing liquor uses weight percent concentration to be 70% by
It is that 1:100 300 is formulated according to mass ratio；
After spraying medicine for the first time 8-12 days, carry out second time and spray medicine and bagging.Second time spray medicine is spraying one comprehensive to whole tree
Secondary antibacterial, being formulated as of antibacterial: according to weight ratio be by fluopyram trifloxystrobin pre-mixing liquor, Prochloraz pre-mixing liquor
The ratio of 1.7 3:0.6 2, is configured to compound disinfectant；Above-mentioned fluopyram trifloxystrobin pre-mixing liquor uses containing weight
Measure the fluopyram that percent concentration is 21.4% and the commodity fluopyram that weight percent concentration is 21.4% trifloxystrobin
Trifloxystrobin suspending agent and water are that 1:150 320 is formulated according to mass ratio, and Prochloraz pre-mixing liquor uses weight percent concentration
Be 25% Prochloraz suspending agent be that 1:400 650 is formulated with water according to mass ratio；
The same day after the medicinal liquid of second time spray is dry i.e. carries out bagging, and the single fruit that growth selection is normal, healthy and strong uses
100 130mm × 130 180mm, bag mouth are embedded with tightens the thickness of iron wire at 10-60g/m2The white special fruit of papery printing opacity
Bag, by tree crown outer to interior, from tree crown on carry out bagging, really bag opening entangles fruit, with tightening iron wire by bag at carpopodium
Mouth is tightened；
The management of above-mentioned water is that irrigation water is pollution-free, and water quality meets GB 5084 field irrigation standards of water quality, uses mountain spring
Water is irrigated.Autumn, winter respectively pour water once, pour water every time and want thoroughly, until rainy season set.Irrigation quantity is with water saturates Root Distribution layer
40 60cm are as the criterion；
Reason logical gutter, particularly Flat Ground Orchard to be repaired it is noted that dig deep draining in orchard surrounding in the front orchard of summer rainwater arriving
Ditch, hillside orchard it is noted that build check dam or dash ditch on top, orchard.For reducing rain drop erosion, Orchard mulch and life should be carried out
Grass cultivation.
In above-mentioned method, fruit picking is forbidden spraying medicine, must not pouring water for first 40 days, and rainy day or fruit show that water is the most dry should not be plucked；
Fruit picking uses a fruit two to cut method, i.e. first cuts, band fruit stem about 3 4cm cuts off, and second cuts, cuts fruit stem at fruit end, the most gently
Put in bucket, pour into the most gently in the blank plastic box of lid.
Huang of the present invention fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. storage practice, comprises the following steps:
1) the gathering of fresh fruit: gather when Maturity at least up to 80% of fruit, the fruit of paper bag will be cased with, do not overlap paper
The fruit fruit picking together of bag, during fruit picking, weather should be sunny without rain；
2) choosing fruit is with vanning: when gathering, and rejects wound fruit, decayed fruit, and then fruit loads capacity is the with cover blank of 15-20Kg
In plastic box, case top leaves at least 10% space；
3) airing (storage in advance):
By gather and through selecting or through selecting and through medicament soak after fruit be dried in cool place, not by direct sunlight,
Place 15 50 hours in draughty canopy, allow fruit surface and paper bag reach dry, there is no the globule；Then FCL directly enters
Enter storage；
4) storage: preserving in multi-functional agricultural products storage and preservation storehouse, the stacking height of chest is usually no more than 6-8 layer,
It is deposited in above the pile pier of overhead 100 140mm.In storage, according to different storage expections and storage material and packaging,
Being precisely controlled the holding conditions such as temperature, humidity, gas concentration lwevel and ozone concentration, storehouse temperature controls 3.0
9.0 DEG C, temperature difference controls at 1.5 2.5 DEG C, and humid control is 80 95%, and psychrometric difference controls 2.0 3.0%；The sterilization phase
Between, ozone concentration controls during 5-60PPm, ventilation, and gas concentration lwevel drops to below 400PPm；
5) outbound: under conditions of not having cold chain transportation and selling, it should 2 days in advance, storehouse temperature is slowly raised and environment phase
Same room temperature, then outbound；Under conditions of having cold chain transportation and selling, can directly outbound.
The fruit being cased with paper bag through selecting is put into prepare in advance in composite fresh-keeping medicament by above-mentioned method and soaks
Steep 13 minutes；For there is no the fruit of bagging, directly soak with composite fresh-keeping medicament；
Above-mentioned composite fresh-keeping medicament preparation: by bellkute pre-mixing liquor, Imazalil sulfate pre-mixing liquor, thiabendazole pre-mixing liquor,
2.4 D pre-mixing liquors, according to the ratio that weight ratio is 0.5 3:1 5:1 6:0.5 2, are configured to composite preservative medicament；
The commodity bellkute Emulsion that above-mentioned bellkute pre-mixing liquor uses weight percent concentration to be 10% and water are according to mass ratio 1:
700 1500 is formulated, the commodity Imazalil sulfate that Imazalil sulfate pre-mixing liquor uses weight percent concentration to be 75%
Soluble granula and water are formulated according to mass ratio 1:300 1000, and thiabendazole pre-mixing liquor uses weight percent concentration
Be 60% thiabendazole wettable powder formulated according to mass ratio 1:500 1500 with water；2.4 D pre-mixing liquors use weight
Measure the commodity 2.4 D Emulsion that percent concentration is 85% formulated according to mass ratio 1:5000 9000 with water；
Above-mentioned multi-functional agricultural products storage and preservation storehouse include warehouse, be positioned at the temperature control system in warehouse, humidity detection with
Control system, gas componant control system, temperature control system has temperature show with controller, shown by transmission line and temperature
Show the temperature probe being positioned at warehouse being connected with controller, shown, by temperature, the compressor controlled with controller and be positioned at warehouse
In air-cooler, hot-air blower show with controller, shown the hot-air blower controlled with controller, humidity detection and control by hot-air blower
System has humidity display and controller, wet curtain humidifier, wet curtain humidifier has be positioned at warehouse by transmission line with wet
The hygrometry probe that degree display is connected with controller, the water inlet with water circulating pump being positioned at outside warehouse and the water of water return outlet
Case, be positioned at warehouse wet curtain, be loaded on before wet curtain add wet blower, one end is connected and the other end with the water circulating pump in water tank
The water inlet pipe that is connected with wet curtain through warehouse wall, one end be connected with the water return outlet in water tank and the other end through warehouse wall and wet curtain
The return pipe connected, has band one end to stretch into the detection gas analyser of trachea, ventilation in warehouse in gas componant control system
Air interchanger, decontaminating apparatus, have the equilibrated valve being contained on warehouse wall and equilibrated valve to contact in compound ventilation air-changing device
Electric air valve, the air-introduced machine being contained on warehouse wall, be positioned at outside warehouse electronic with air-introduced machine, air-introduced machine respectively by permutator
The intervalometer that air-valve and Electric air valve connect, decontaminating apparatus has ozone observing and controlling display, be contained on warehouse inwall by passing
The Determination of ozone that defeated line is connected with ozone observing and controlling display is popped one's head in, ozonator.
Pile pier, one end and an air-introduced machine outlet is had and the other end stretches into the air inducing bottom pile pier in above-mentioned warehouse
Pipe, induced duct has some vents.
Humidity value and the mistake of actual humidity value in warehouse of correction hygrometry probe reflection it is provided with in above-mentioned warehouse
The DHM2A type aspirated psychrometer of difference.
Above-mentioned warehouse wall is made up of heat-insulation layer, the steel plate layer that is compounded in heat-insulation layer both sides, water tank, water inlet pipe and return pipe
The part being positioned at outside warehouse is compounded with heat-insulation layer respectively.
Have employed multi-functional agricultural products storage and preservation storehouse in storage practice of the present invention, multi-functional agricultural products storage and preservation storehouse has
Have the following advantages:
1, can be with Comprehensive Control temperature, humidity, gas；
2, increase humidity owing to have employed wet curtain humidifier, overcome ultrasonic humidifier and easily cause uneven, the material table of humidification
The easy hydrops of face, even causes rotten problem；
3, in terms of hygrometry and control, produce at present upper the most commonly used be traditional formula of listing psychrometer, digital display electronic
Humidometer, the evaluated error of these instruments is the biggest, measured value often ratio standard value difference 3 more than 15%, and this
The bright aspirated psychrometer that have employed accurately shows storehouse humidity, is used for adjusting device parameter and makes error amount control, below 3%, to make
The humidity value of display is consistent with actual humidity in storehouse, thus reaches the precise determination to humidity and control；
4, in terms of sterilization, produce upper commonly used chemical agent at present and carry out stifling and spray disinfectant, Disinfection Effect is unstable
And have the risk polluted, and present invention employs ozonization so that sterilize safer, convenient, effective, and sterilize and change
Gas be combined with each other, the time mutually staggers, and can repeatedly sterilize material in time, make storage imitate after updating air
Fruit is more preferably；
5, in terms of ventilation, the present invention uses two kinds of different modes to carry out automatic air-exchanging, scientifically regulates and controls ventilation volume, reaches right
Ethylene in storehouse and the auto-control of carbon dioxide, and respectively reach and both air tight can carry out disinfection, airtight
Can be aerated ventilation not sterilizing when, to ensure that gas is fresh, and convenience, controllable time, cost are low；
The present invention multi-functional agricultural products storage and preservation storehouse achieves temperature, relative humidity, gas componant (ozone, ethylene and two
Carbonoxide) cooperate and whole-process automatic control.
The advantage of the method for Huang of the present invention fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. cultivation and storage and the good effect of generation
(1) new technique that yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. production be combined with each other is defined with postharvest storage:
The present invention define from Fruit variety, cultivation and production to storage complete method, will cultivation in rational application of fertilizers, pour water,
The conditions such as the harvesting of bagging, science, packaging, the application of antistaling agent, reserve temperature control technology and storage facilities organically combines, shape
Become a complete technology overall, both significantly improved the quality of yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort., and reduced dosage, reached again long-term storage
Hide, it is achieved safe storage more than 3 months, increase economic efficiency more than 30-50% than selling fresh fruit after gathering immediately, be to forward pass
The important breakthrough of the production and selling pattern of system；
(2) quality of fruit improves:
Cultural method of the present invention is compared with peasant household conventional cultivation technology, and formula one soluble solid content improves 1.5 percentages
Point, Vc content improves 3 mg/ml, and total sugar content improves 2.0 mg/ml, and sugar-acid ratio reaches 23, improves 0.8;Formula two
Soluble solid content improves 1.6 percentage points, and Vc content improves 2.4 mg/ml, total sugar content improve 1.0 milligrams/in the least
Rising, sugar-acid ratio reaches 22.6, improves 0.6;Formula three soluble solid content improves 0.7 percentage point, and Vc content improves 6 millis
Grams per milliliter, total sugar content improves 1.2 mg/ml, and sugar-acid ratio reaches 22.8, improves 0.6.Lower energy is set off at obvious fruit acid taste
Tasting sweet local flavor, local flavor is splendid, the fruit more bad than the quality same period more resistant to storage, extend storage time reach 3 months with
On；Consumer groups expands, and north consumer the most gradually accepts and favors yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. local flavor；
(3) storage rot and loss are reduced:
Can effectively reduce, at the bagging in period of growth, the probability that fruit is encroached on by insect and harmful levels of pathogens at fruit, make fruit have
Preferably commodity, that can preserve in later stage storage is more long, the effective secondary dirt reducing microorganism in storage
Dye；
(4) raising of soil fertility and lasting good quality and high output:
Use this method, add peasant household's enthusiasm to employing fertilizer, improve the feasibility realizing the ecological agriculture, simultaneously
Using fertilizer, decrease the land pollution using chemical fertilizer to bring, soil organic matter content improves constantly, yellow fruit hesperidium aurantium garden
Soil aggregate is obviously improved, and preservation capacity of water and fertility can significantly improve, and the content of organic matter improves a lot；Growth status stalwartness,
Resistance against disadvantage strengthens, and yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. quality improves, and yield increases；
(5) improve ecological environment, improve economic benefit:
Improve the feasibility realizing the ecological agriculture, use fertilizer simultaneously, decrease the soil using chemical fertilizer to bring dirty
Dye, soil organic matter content improves constantly, and adds peasant household's enthusiasm to using fertilizer；Yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. quality improves, yield
Increasing, this cultivation technique makes single fruit weight add 18 g, and the output value per ton adds 0.5 ten thousand yuan, it is achieved that yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. industry can
Sustainable development.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is the present invention multi-functional agricultural products storage and preservation library structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is each location of controls schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is wet curtain humidifier structural representation.
Fig. 5 is measurement and control of temperature schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is humidity observing and controlling, ozone observing and controlling and ventilation principle figure.
Detailed description of the invention:
Embodiment 1:
See Fig. 1～Fig. 6, the multi-functional agricultural products storage and preservation storehouse used in the present embodiment 1, include the warehouse of door 17, temperature
Degree control system, humidity detection and control system, gas componant control system.The model having outsourcing in temperature control system is
The temperature of AKD 602 show with controller 8, the hot-air blower that model is HW301 of outsourcing show with controller 23, by transmission
Line shows the temperature probe 25 being positioned at warehouse being connected with controller, is shown the compression controlled with controller by temperature with temperature
Machine 18 and be positioned at the air-cooler 4 in warehouse, shown the hot-air blower 10 controlled with controller by hot-air blower.Humidity detection and control system
System has the humidity display that model is DHCP 100 of outsourcing and controller 22, be positioned at warehouse by transmission line and humidity
The hygrometry probe 27 that display is connected with controller, wet curtain humidifier.Wet curtain humidifier there is the band that has being positioned at outside warehouse follow
The water inlet of ring water pump 14 and the water tank 1 of water return outlet 16, it is positioned at the wet curtain 3 in warehouse, is loaded on and adds wet blower 2 before wet curtain.
The other end of the water inlet pipe 13 that one end is connected with the water circulating pump in water tank is connected through warehouse wall with wet curtain.In one end and water tank
The other end of return pipe 15 that connects of water return outlet be connected with wet curtain through warehouse wall.It is connected with between permutator and air-introduced machine
Air-introduced machine Electric air valve 35.
The model having band one end to stretch into the outsourcing detecting trachea 28 in warehouse in gas componant control system is VYCK
The gas analyser display 21 of 406, compound ventilation air-changing device, decontaminating apparatus.Compound ventilation air-changing device is contained in phase on warehouse wall
To the Electric air valve being provided with the charged wind symptom valve control that equilibrated valve 5 is connected with equilibrated valve on the position of wet curtain
9, the air-introduced machine 6 that is contained on warehouse wall, by permutator 33 respectively with Electric air valve, air-introduced machine and air-introduced machine Electric air valve even
The intervalometer 32 connect.The ozone observing and controlling display 24 that has model to be SJG/G100 in decontaminating apparatus, be contained on warehouse inwall logical
Cross the Determination of ozone probe 26 that transmission line is connected, the ozonator 7 being contained on support 11 with ozone observing and controlling display.
See Fig. 1, have in warehouse pile pier 31, one end and air-introduced machine outlet and the other end stretches into bottom pile pier
Induced duct 29.Some vents 30 are had on induced duct.
Seeing Fig. 1 and Fig. 6, humidity display and the humidity display value on controller 22 are by DHM2A type aspirated psychrometer 34
Accurately correct.
Seeing Fig. 2, warehouse wall is made up of warehouse heat-insulation layer 19, the steel plate layer 20 that is compounded in heat-insulation layer both sides.Water tank, water inlet
The part that pipe, return pipe are positioned at outside warehouse is compounded with insulation material 12 respectively.
See Fig. 1～Fig. 6, during the work of the present invention multi-functional agricultural products storage and preservation storehouse:
The monitoring of temperature is with cooling automatically: in storage, and outside storehouse, temperature is higher than in the case of storehouse temperature, along with storehouse temperature
Rising, when temperature sense probe senses the maximum temperature value that storehouse temperature is higher than design temperature, by data wire, temperature shows
Receiving signal with controller, temperature shows and controller 8 sends signal instruction to compressor 18 and air-cooler 4, compressor 18
Starting after accepting instruction with air-cooler 4, air-cooler 4 is by the turning between gaseous state and liquid of the freon in compressor simultaneously
The cold changing generation produces cold wind, reduces air and the effect of temperature of charge in storehouse, when temperature sense probe senses storehouse
After temperature in interior air is less than the minimum temperature set, temperature sense probe is signaled to temperature and shows and controller 8, control
Device processed, after accepting signal, is issued instructions to compressor 18 and air-cooler 4, compressor 18 and air-cooler 4 by controller and is accepting
Shut down after instruction.In order to ensure that the energy consumption of freezer is normal and ensures cold storage effect, the metope in storehouse, ground and ceiling all use
The heat-insulation layer 19 that color steel sheet layer 20 sandwich is made up of polyurethane or polystyrene.
The monitoring of humidity with automatically control: humidity inductive of the present invention probe senses that storehouse humidity is less than humidity display and control
After the minimum humidity that device 22 processed sets, humidity inductive probe is signaled to humidity display and controller 22, and controller 22 exists
After accepting signal, it issue instructions to the water circulating pump 14 in water tank 1 and blower fan 2, make them start simultaneously.After startup water by
Water inlet pipe 13 enters into wet curtain 3 and forms the wetted surface of porous, and unnecessary water returns to water tank from drain pipe 15, adds wet blower peace
Before being contained in wet curtain, after humidification fan starting so that in storehouse, air enters from wet curtain 3, through the wetted surface of porous from adding wet wind
Machine 2 out, thus improves air humidity.Along with in air, humidity is continuously increased, when humidity inductive probe senses air in storehouse
Humidity arrive the high humility that humidity display and controller 22 set after, humidity display and controller 22 send instruction,
Make water circulating pump 14 and add wet blower 2 and simultaneously close off.Scatter and disappear to reduce the cold energy of freezer, at water inlet pipe 13 and return pipe 15 and
The outer surface of water tank 1 all uses cellular insulant 12 to wrap up.
The accurate correction of humidity:
The numerical value of humidity display controller is corrected by DHM2A type aspirated psychrometer.Reach humidity is precisely surveyed
Fixed, revise the value of humidity display and controller 22 display by its actual measured value, it is ensured that the accuracy of the latter.
The mode of ventilation has pressure difference air exchange and forced ventilation two kinds.Wherein, by intervalometer, permutator, Electric air valve and
Equilibrated valve combines, and forms pressure difference air exchange unit；On the basis of pressure difference air exchange equipment, by intervalometer, permutator, electronic
The pressure difference air exchange unit of air-valve and equilibrated valve composition combines with air-introduced machine, forms forced ventilation unit.
Scavenging way 1, pressure difference air exchange:
During this mode operation, connected by intervalometer and control Electric air valve 9, Electric air valve 9 with inside and outside have and spring
It is connected, can contact with the equilibrated valve 5 of the blade of bidirectional open.When compressor 18 and air-cooler 4 run, air in storehouse
Cooling meat, storehouse internal gas pressure reduces, and at this moment, under the effect of pressure differential, extraneous fresh air is by the Electric air valve opened
Flow in storehouse with equilibrated valve；After air-cooler is out of service, in storehouse, air gradually heats up expansion, and storehouse internal gas pressure rises,
At this moment, the air-out outside storehouse by Electric air valve and equilibrated valve.So, by being positioned at inside and outside equilibrated valve
Be connected with spring can be with the blade of bidirectional open so that the air inside and outside storehouse carries out two-way flow under the driving of pressure differential,
Reach ventilation effect.
It is in operation, sets coupled Electric air valve and the time of ozone measurement and control instrument display unlatching by intervalometer
Complementation, ozone measurement and control instrument display controls ozone machine and runs.In the time period that ozonization runs, Electric air valve is by intervalometer control
It is made as closing；Otherwise, in the time period that ozonization is closed, Electric air valve is unlatching by Timer Controlling.Thus reach entering
In the time period of row ozonization, Electric air valve is closed so that freezer is airtight, it is simple to carry out disinfection, and disappears not carrying out ozone
In the time period of poison, Electric air valve is opened so that freezer and the external world can carry out pressure reduction air inlet and pressure reduction aerofluxus, reach ventilation with
Ozonization interlocks the purpose carried out
Scavenging way 2, forced ventilation:
In order to strengthen ventilation effect, it is provided with forced ventilation unit.During operation, intervalometer controls air-introduced machine 6 and electronic wind simultaneously
Valve 9 is opened, and reaches the purpose of Wind Volume forced ventilation.The conversion of four kinds of running statuses of the air exchange system in the present invention is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 " sterilization ", " pressure difference air exchange ", " do not sterilize and do not take a breath " and " forced ventilation " 4 kinds of operational modes are mutually changed
Table:
In order to detect in storehouse various gas componant content in air, the air entry of gas analyser trachea extract air in storehouse,
After gas analyser detects, by the data signal transmission that obtains in gas analyser display 21, display will
The signal numerical monitor arrived is out.By observing the change of storehouse composition of gases within, adjust the various equipment of freezer further
Arrange, to determine whether to carry out human assistance ventilation, reach optimal storage effect.
Decontaminating apparatus is popped one's head in by Determination of ozone, transmission line, and ozone observing and controlling display controller, ozonator form, it is achieved
Ozone automatically detects, automatically adds ozone, and combines with gas regulating system (automatic air-exchanging).Automatically transport at ozonization
Between the departure date, when the Determination of ozone ozone concentration that senses in storehouse in air of probe less than ozone observing and controlling display 24 setting value
During lower concentration values, Determination of ozone probe is signaled to ozone measurement and control instrument display 24, and display is after accepting signal, by showing
Device issues instructions to ozonator 7, and ozonator 7 starts generation ozone after accepting instruction, when ozone reaches to set
During high concentration value, Determination of ozone probe is signaled to ozone measurement and control instrument display 24, and display is after accepting signal, by showing
Device issues instructions to ozonator 7, and ozonator 7 shuts down after accepting instruction.Ozone observing and controlling display 24 can set
Put and control the automatic operation of ozonator 7, keep constant ozone concentration.
The cultivation of the present embodiment 1 yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. and management method before gathering, comprise the following steps:
(1) yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. Fruit variety:
Yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. kind is the local miscellaneous Citrus chachiensis Hort. kind of advantage characteristic with China's independent intellectual property right, currently mainly promotes thin skin and puts down
Base of a fruit large fruit high-quality Huang fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort..
(2) rational application of fertilizers:
1. Fertilization Level:
Each household Cotton Varieties by Small Farming Households Huang fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. working condition is different, and some peasant household does not has methane-generating pit, does not the most just have natural pond fertile, some peasant household
I.e. there is no methane-generating pit, the most do not raise live pig, there is no barnyard manure, so the soil organism can only be supplemented by oil cake, so there being three
Different formula；
Rational application of fertilizers, it is 100 kilograms/strain that orchard produces yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. ability, during growth increment 5 kgs/year, formula one: every strain
Use barnyard manure 50 kilograms, 0.51 kilogram of carbamide, calcium superphosphate 0.48 kilogram, agricultural potassium sulfate 1.1 kilograms the whole year;Formula two: every
The whole year is used natural pond fertilizer 120 kg, agricultural potassium sulfate 1.28 kilograms in strain；Formula three: the whole year is used oil cake 2.5 kilograms, carbamide in every strain
0.76 kilogram, calcium superphosphate 2.58 kilograms, agricultural potassium sulfate 1.7 kilograms；
Formula selection principle: in three formula with the fertilising of natural pond fertilizer formula cost is minimum, barnyard manure rational application of fertilizers cost secondly, use oil cake
Rational application of fertilizers cost is the highest, and Formulation Implementation formulation selection principle is the fertile formula two of just selecting in orchard worker natural pond, no longer selects formula one He
Formula three;Orchard worker is not having natural pond fertile, but has barnyard manure, the most only selects formula one, no longer selects formula three；Orchard worker not having natural pond fertile and
In the case of barnyard manure, formula three is only selected to improve yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. quality；
2. fertilizing time and dose:
Yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. fertilization compositions based on earth measurement model test, according to the growth characteristics of Huang fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort., applies fertilizer four times in each growth year, i.e. yellow fruit
The front fertilizer of Citrus chachiensis Hort. (annual mid or late Febuary), bud differentiation fertile (early June), young fruit fertile (late June) and Fruit are fertile (on August
The middle ten days).0.31 kilogram of carbamide of formula one: Hua Qianfei, barnyard manure 20 kilograms；Bud differentiation fertilizer peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers 0.2 kilogram, children
Fruit is fertile by calcium superphosphate 0.1 kilogram, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.4 kilogram, Fruit fertilizer barnyard manure 30 kilograms, 0.2 kilogram of carbamide, mistake
Phosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers 0.18 kilogram, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.7 kilogram；Formula two: Hua Qianfei biogas slurry 30 kilograms, bud differentiation fertilizer biogas slurry
20 kilograms, young fruit fertilizer biogas slurry 20 kilograms, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.28 kilogram, Fruit fertilizer biogas slurry 50 kilograms, agricultural sulphuric acid
1 kilogram of potassium；0.36 kilogram of carbamide of formula three: Hua Qianfei, bud differentiation fertilizer calcium superphosphate 0.7 kilogram, oil cake 0.6 kilogram,
Young fruit fertilizer calcium superphosphate 0.68 kilogram, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.7 kilogram, Fruit fertilizer oil cake 1.9 kilograms, carbamide 0.4 are public
Jin, peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers 1.2 kilograms, agricultural potassium sulfate 1 kilogram；
3. the time applied fertilizer and mode:
Yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. fertilization compositions based on earth measurement model test, according to the growth characteristics of Huang fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort., each growth year applies fertilizer four times, before i.e. spending
Fertile, bud differentiation fertile, young fruit fertile and fertile four times of Fruit, fertilising all uses radiating fertilization method and fertilizer placement not to weigh
Multiple.
(3) management of water:
Irrigation water is pollution-free, and water quality should meet " GB 5084 field irrigation standards of water quality ", uses spring water to irrigate.Every year
Respectively pour water once the 2-4 month after December, fruit picking in the winter time, pour water every time and want thoroughly, until rainy season set.Irrigation quantity is with water saturates root system
Distribution layer (40-60cm) is as the criterion；
(4) bagging measure:
Bagging measure includes the fruit thinning carried out successively, sprays prevention and elimination of disease and pests medicament and bagging, in mid-August mid or late June
Carry out.Fruit thinning is carried out twice, and fruit thinning was carried out in mid or late June for the first time, during fruit thinning, first dredge go dysplasia fruit, disease pest fruit,
Malformed fruit, small and weak fruit；July early and middle ten days according to the amount of bearing fruit, setting fruit position, fruit size and shape carry out second time supplement dredge
Really, make fruit spacing more than 15 centimetres；
After fruit thinning, spray prevention and elimination of disease and pests medicament and bagging was carried out in mid-August mid or late July: spray medicine is carried out twice, the
It is once spraying insecticide comprehensive to whole tree, being formulated as of insecticide: by gloomy to Envidor pre-mixing liquor, avilamycin pre-mixing liquor and third
Zinc pre-mixing liquor becomes composite insecticide according to the proportions that weight ratio is 2.5:1.7:2.2；Above-mentioned Envidor pre-mixing liquor uses
Weight percent concentration be the Envidor commodity suspending agent of 24% be that 1:300 is formulated with water according to mass ratio, avilamycin is pre-
Dosing use weight percent concentration be the abamectin emulsifiable concentrate of 2.0% be that 1:450 is formulated with water according to mass ratio, third is gloomy
Wettable propineb powder and the water that zinc pre-mixing liquor uses weight percent concentration to be 70% be 1:230 preparation according to mass ratio and
Become；
After spraying medicine for the first time 8-12 days, carry out second time and spray medicine and bagging.Second time spray medicine is spraying one comprehensive to whole tree
Secondary antibacterial, being formulated as of antibacterial: according to weight ratio be by fluopyram trifloxystrobin pre-mixing liquor, Prochloraz pre-mixing liquor
2.6:1.5 ratio, be configured to compound disinfectant；Above-mentioned fluopyram trifloxystrobin pre-mixing liquor uses containing weight percent
Specific concentration is the fluopyram of 21.4% and commodity fluopyram trifloxystrobin that weight percent concentration is 21.4% trifloxystrobin
Suspending agent and water are that 1:250 is formulated according to mass ratio, and the miaow that Prochloraz pre-mixing liquor uses weight percent concentration to be 25% is fresh
Amine suspending agent and water are that 1:500 is formulated according to mass ratio；
Bagging is i.e. carried out after the medicinal liquid of second time spray is dry, the single fruit that growth selection is normal, healthy and strong, employing 110mm ×
160mm, bag mouth are embedded with tightens the thickness of iron wire at 20g/m2White papery printing opacity special fruit bag, by outside tree crown to interior, from tree
Under hat on carry out bagging, really bag opening entangles fruit, is tightened by bag mouth with tightening iron wire at carpopodium；
(5) management method before gathering:
Yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. plucking time reaches 85 95% in early and middle ten days early April in March, Maturity.Fruit picking within first 40 days, forbid spray medicine,
Must not pour water, rainy day or fruit show that water is the most dry should not be plucked.
The storage practice of the embodiment of the present invention 1 yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. comprises the following steps:
1) the gathering of fresh fruit: when fruit reaches the Maturity of 85 95% together with the paper bag fruit picking of first protheca, sky during fruit picking
Gas should be sunny without rain, and fruit picking technology uses " fruit two cuts method ", and i.e. first cuts, and band fruit stem about 3-4cm cuts off, and second cuts, from fruit
Cut fruit stem at the base of a fruit, first put into gently in bucket, pour into the most gently in the blank plastic box of lid；
2) choosing fruit is with vanning: when gathering, and rejects wound fruit, decayed fruit, and then fruit loads capacity is the with cover blank of 15-20Kg
In plastic box, case top leaves 10% space；
3) medicament preparation: by bellkute pre-mixing liquor, Imazalil sulfate pre-mixing liquor, thiabendazole pre-mixing liquor, 2.4 D pre-mixing liquors
It is the ratio of 2.5:3.0:2.1:0.8 according to weight ratio, is configured to composite preservative medicament；
The commodity bellkute Emulsion that above-mentioned bellkute pre-mixing liquor uses weight percent concentration to be 10% and water are according to mass ratio 1:
1000 is formulated, and the commodity Imazalil sulfate that Imazalil sulfate pre-mixing liquor uses weight percent concentration to be 75% is solvable
Property granule formulated according to mass ratio 1:800 with water, thiabendazole pre-mixing liquor use weight percent concentration be 60% thiophene benzene
Imidazoles wettable powder and water are formulated according to mass ratio 1:700；2.4 D pre-mixing liquors employing weight percent concentration are
The commodity 2.4 D Emulsion of 85% is formulated according to mass ratio 1:6000 with water；
4) medicament soaks:
Put into together with plastic box to prepare in advance in composite fresh-keeping medicament by the fruit being cased with paper bag through selecting and soak
13 minutes；For there is no the fruit of bagging, directly soak with composite fresh-keeping medicament；
5) airing:
After medicament soaks, fruit is dried in cool place, do not placed 40-50 hour by direct sunlight, draughty canopy, allows fruit
Surface and paper bag reach dry, do not have the globule；Then FCL directly puts storage in storage；
6) storage: preserve in multi-functional agricultural products storage and preservation storehouse, the stacking height of chest is less than 6-8 layer, stacks
On the pile pier of overhead 120mm.In storage, according to different storage expections, the storage quality of material, Maturity and bag
The situations such as dress, to the holding conditions of temperature, humidity, gas concentration lwevel and ozone concentration, cooperate and ventilation is carried out
Omnidistance full-automatic accurately control；In terms of temperature control, by temperature control system, storehouse temperature is controlled at 79 DEG C, temperature
Difference controls at 2.0 DEG C；In terms of humid control, by suspension type wet curtain humidification system and DHM2A type aspirated psychrometer, reach
Humidity is carried out precise determination and control, and by humid control 87 89%, psychrometric difference controls 2.0%；In gas componant control
With ventilation aspect, by gas composition monitoring and automatic ventilation control system, based on pressure difference air exchange and tie in storage
Closing and carry out certain forced ventilation, have the fresh air of abundance in keeping storehouse, during taking a breath, gas concentration lwevel drops to
Below 400PPm；In terms of sterilization, by the ozone TT&C system being made up of instruments such as ozonator, ozone observing and controlling display
Automatically carry out monitoring and the control of ozone concentration, during sterilizing, ozone concentration is controlled at 50 55PPm；
7) outbound: under conditions of not having cold chain transportation and selling, it should 2 days in advance, storehouse temperature is slowly raised and environment phase
Same room temperature (about 20 DEG C), then outbound；Under conditions of having cold chain transportation and selling, can directly outbound.
Embodiment 2:
The embodiment of the present invention 2 is the most substantially the same manner as Example 1.Difference is；In growth course, fruit does not overlap paper
Bag；Through choosing fruit, vanning after gathering, soak without medicament, directly carry out airing together with chest, after medicament soaks, fruit
It is dried in cool place, do not placed 15 30 hours by direct sunlight, draughty canopy, then put storage in storage；In storage, humidity
Control 92 94%；
Embodiment 3:
The embodiment of the present invention 3 is the most substantially the same manner as Example 1.Difference is: in growth course, fruit does not overlap paper
Bag；Through choosing fruit, vanning after gathering, soak without medicament, directly carry out airing 8 18 hours together with chest, then enter
Storehouse is preserved；In storage, humid control is 90 92%；
Embodiment 4:
The embodiment of the present invention 4 is the most substantially the same manner as Example 1.Difference is: in growth course, fruit does not overlap paper
Bag；Through choosing fruit, vanning after gathering, soaking without medicament, directly carry out bagging, bagging selects 110mm × 160mm, thick
Degree is 20g/m2, bag mouth do not tightens white papery printing opacity special fruit bag or the 200mm × 200mm of iron wire, and thickness is 20g/m2's
Blank sheet of paper carries out single fruit and/or many fruit bagging packagings, and after bagging, bag mouth down, is still contained in blank plastic box, case top
Leave 10% space.Then together with chest warehouse-in storage.
Embodiment 5:
The embodiment of the present invention 5 is the most substantially the same manner as Example 1.Difference is: in growth course, fruit does not overlap paper
Bag；After gathering after choosing fruit, vanning, medicament immersion, airing, carrying out bagging, bagging selects 110mm × 160mm, thickness
For 20g/m2, bag mouth do not tightens white papery printing opacity special fruit bag or the 200mm × 200mm of iron wire, and thickness is 20g/m2White
Paper carries out single fruit and/or many fruit baggings and packaging, and after bagging, bag mouth down, is still contained in blank plastic box, case top
Leave 10% space.Then together with chest warehouse-in storage.
Embodiment 6:
The embodiment of the present invention 6 is the most substantially the same manner as Example 1.Difference is；
1) rational application of fertilizers level:
Rational application of fertilizers, it is 100 kilograms/strain that orchard produces yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. ability, during growth increment 5 kgs/year, formula one: every strain
Use barnyard manure 48 kilograms, 0.48 kilogram of carbamide, calcium superphosphate 0.36 kilogram, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.4 kilogram the whole year；Formula two: every
The whole year is used natural pond fertile 92 kilograms, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.7 kilogram in strain；Formula three: the whole year is used oil cake 1.7 kilograms, carbamide in every strain
0.65 kilogram, calcium superphosphate 1.7 kilograms, agricultural potassium sulfate 1.3 kilograms；
2) fertilizing time and dose:
Each growth year applies fertilizer four times, the i.e. yellow fruit front fertilizer of Citrus chachiensis Hort. (annual mid or late Febuary), bud differentiation fertile (early June), young fruit
Fertile (late June) and Fruit are fertile (early and middle ten days in August).0.14 kilogram of carbamide of formula one: Hua Qianfei, barnyard manure 16 kilograms；Flower
Bud polarization fertilizer peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers 0.16 kilogram, young fruit fertilizer calcium superphosphate 0.05 kilogram, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.1 kilogram, fruit
Expand fertilizer barnyard manure 28 kilograms, 0.17 kilogram of carbamide, peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers 0.15 kilogram, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.3 kilogram；Formula two:
Hua Qianfei biogas slurry 26 kilograms, bud differentiation fertilizer biogas slurry 17 kilograms, young fruit fertilizer biogas slurry 16 kilograms, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.17 are public
Jin, Fruit fertilizer biogas slurry 33 kilograms, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.47 kilogram；0.34 kilogram of carbamide of formula three: Hua Qianfei, bud
Differentiation fertilizer calcium superphosphate 0.4 kilogram, oil cake 0.4 kilogram；Young fruit fertilizer calcium superphosphate 0.6 kilogram, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.5 is public
Jin, Fruit fertilizer oil cake 1.3 kilograms, 0.31 kilogram of carbamide, peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers 0.7 kilogram, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.8 kilogram；
3) in growth course, fruit does not overlap paper bag；Gather when fruit reaches the Maturity of 95%；Through choosing after gathering
Really, vanning, medicament soak, after airing 8 18 hours, carry out bagging, bagging selects 110mm × 160mm, and thickness is 20g/
m2, bag mouth do not tightens white papery printing opacity special fruit bag or the 200mm × 200mm of iron wire, and thickness is 20g/m2Blank sheet of paper carry out
Single fruit and/or many fruit bagging packagings, after bagging, bag mouth down, is still contained in blank plastic box, and case top leaves 10%
Space.Then together with chest warehouse-in storage.
Embodiment 7:
The embodiment of the present invention 7 is the most substantially the same manner as Example 1.Difference is；
1) rational application of fertilizers level:
Rational application of fertilizers, it is 100 kilograms/strain that orchard produces yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. ability, during growth increment 5 kgs/year, formula one: every strain
Use barnyard manure 54 kilograms, 0.55 kilogram of carbamide, calcium superphosphate 0.58 kilogram, agricultural potassium sulfate 1.5 kilograms the whole year；Formula two: every
The whole year is used natural pond fertile 135 kilograms, agricultural potassium sulfate 1.35 kilograms in strain；Formula three: the whole year is used oil cake 3.5 kilograms, carbamide in every strain
0.82 kilogram, calcium superphosphate 3.6 kilograms, agricultural potassium sulfate 2.2 kilograms.
2) fertilizing time and dose:
Each growth year applies fertilizer four times, the i.e. yellow fruit front fertilizer of Citrus chachiensis Hort. (annual mid or late Febuary), bud differentiation fertile (early June), young fruit
Fertile (late June) and Fruit are fertile (early and middle ten days in August).0.38 kilogram of carbamide of formula one: Hua Qianfei, barnyard manure 26 kilograms；Flower
Bud polarization fertilizer peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers 0.23 kilogram, young fruit fertilizer calcium superphosphate 0.17 kilogram, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.6 kilogram, fruit
Expand fertilizer barnyard manure 32 kilograms, 0.34 kilogram of carbamide, peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers 0.18 kilogram, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.9 kilogram；Formula two:
Hua Qianfei biogas slurry 36 kilograms, bud differentiation fertilizer biogas slurry 23 kilograms, young fruit fertilizer biogas slurry 23 kilograms, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.23 are public
Jin, Fruit fertilizer biogas slurry 53 kilograms, agricultural potassium sulfate 1.18 kilograms；0.41 kilogram of carbamide of formula three: Hua Qianfei, bud
Differentiation fertilizer calcium superphosphate 0.8 kilogram, oil cake 0.9 kilogram；Young fruit fertilizer calcium superphosphate 0.7 kilogram, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.9 is public
Jin, Fruit fertilizer oil cake 2.6 kilograms, 0.41 kilogram of carbamide, peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers 2.1 kilograms, agricultural potassium sulfate 1.3 kilograms；
3) in growth course, fruit does not overlap paper bag；Gather when fruit reaches the Maturity of 80%；Through choosing after gathering
Really, vanning, medicament soak, after airing 8 18 hours, carry out bagging, bagging selects 110mm × 160mm, and thickness is 20g/
m2, bag mouth do not tightens white papery printing opacity special fruit bag or the 200mm × 200mm of iron wire, and thickness is 20g/m2Blank sheet of paper carry out
Single fruit and/or many fruit bagging packagings, after bagging, bag mouth down, is still contained in blank plastic box, and case top leaves 10%
Space.Then together with chest warehouse-in storage.
Above-described embodiment is that the foregoing to the present invention is described further, but this should not being interpreted as, the present invention is above-mentioned
The scope of theme is only limitted to above-described embodiment.All technology realized based on foregoing belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. cultural method, including rational application of fertilizers, the management of water, it is characterised in that use rational application of fertilizers, orchard produces Huang
When really Citrus chachiensis Hort. ability is 100 kilograms/strain, growth increment 5 kgs/year, formula one: every strain use the whole year barnyard manure 48 54 kilograms,
0.48 0.55 kilograms of carbamide, calcium superphosphate 0.36 0.58 kilograms, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.4 1.5 kilograms；Formula two: every strain
Use natural pond fertile 92 135 kilograms, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.7 1.35 kilograms the whole year；Formula three: the whole year is used oil cake 1.7 in every strain
3.5 kilograms, 0.65 0.82 kilograms of carbamide, calcium superphosphate 1.7 3.6 kilograms, agricultural potassium sulfate 1.3 2.2 kilograms, during fertilising
Phase and dose are the growth characteristics according to Huang fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort., apply fertilizer four times in each growth year, and i.e. annual mid or late Febuary executes yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort.
Front fertilizer, early and middle ten days in June execute bud differentiation fertilizer, mid or late June executes young fruit fertilizer and early and middle ten days in August executes Fruit fertilizer, and dose is joined
Fang Yi: Hua Qianfei with barnyard manure 16 26 kilograms, 0.14 0.38 kilograms of carbamide, bud differentiation fertilizer peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers 0.16
0.23 kilogram, young fruit fertilizer calcium superphosphate 0.05 0.17 kilograms, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.1 0.6 kilograms, Fruit fertilizer matting
Fertilizer 28 32 kilograms, 0.17 0.34 kilograms of carbamide, peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers 0.15 0.18 kilograms, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.3-0.9 are public
Jin；Fertile 26 36 kilograms of natural pond of dose formula two: Hua Qianfei, fertile 17 23 kilograms of natural pond of bud differentiation fertilizer, young fruit fertilizer natural pond
Fertile 16 23 kilograms, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.17 0.23 kilograms, Fruit fertilizer natural pond fertile 33 53 kilograms, agricultural potassium sulfate
0.47 1.18 kilograms；0.34 0.41 kilograms of carbamide of dose formula three: Hua Qianfei, bud differentiation fertilizer calcium superphosphate
0.4 0.8 kilograms, oil cake 0.4 0.9 kilograms, young fruit fertilizer calcium superphosphate 0.6 0.7 kilograms, agricultural potassium sulfate 0.5 0.9
Kilogram, Fruit fertilizer oil cake 1.3 2.6 kilograms, 0.31 0.41 kilograms of carbamide, peroxophosphoric acid calcareous fertilisers 0.7 2.1 kilograms,
Agricultural potassium sulfate 0.8 1.3 kilograms；
Above-mentioned natural pond fertilizer is to use feces of livestock and poultry organic substance gained biogas slurry and biogas residue mixture, fresh base after methane-generating pit anaerobic fermentation
Middle water content reaches 94%, dry 6%, wherein: N, P2O5、K2O content is 0.499% respectively, full phosphorus 0.495%, full potassium 0.245%,
The content of organic matter 4.6%, pH value 7.0；Barnyard manure is placed poultry colony house from weeds, leaves, stalk straw gasket materials and raises animal dung
Just mixing of accumulating over a long period hoard more than 1 year, in use the degree of becoming thoroughly decomposed reach more than 70%, water content 70%, dry in fresh base
Content 30%, wherein N, P2O5、K2O content is 0.376%, 0.355%, 0.359% respectively, the content of organic matter 3.12%, pH value 6.8；
Oil cake use Semen Brassicae campestris directly squeeze fuel-displaced after remaining oil cake, aqueous 1% in fresh base, dry matter content 99%, wherein N, P2O5、
K2O content is 5.195%, 1.954%, 1.345% respectively, the content of organic matter 8.3%, pH value 6.5；Carbamide leaded wastewater is 46%；Cross phosphorus
The P of acid calcium2O5Content is 12%；The K of potassium sulfate2O content is 50%.
2. the method for yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. cultivation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that have employed bagging measure in method, bagging is arranged
Executing and include fruit thinning, sprinkling prevention and elimination of disease and pests medicament and bagging subsequently, fruit thinning is carried out twice, and fruit thinning is in mid or late June for the first time
Carry out, during fruit thinning, first dredge and go dysplasia fruit, disease pest fruit, malformed fruit, small and weak fruit；July early and middle ten days carry out second time supplement
Fruit thinning, makes fruit spacing more than 15 centimetres；
After fruit thinning, carry out spraying prevention and elimination of disease and pests medicament and bagging in mid-August mid or late July: spray medicine is carried out twice, the
It is once spraying insecticide comprehensive to whole tree, being formulated as of insecticide: by gloomy to Envidor pre-mixing liquor, avilamycin pre-mixing liquor and third
Zinc pre-mixing liquor, according to the ratio that weight ratio is 0.5 4:1 3:2 4, is configured to composite insecticide；Above-mentioned Envidor is prewired
Envidor commodity suspending agent and the water that liquid uses weight percent concentration to be 24% according to mass ratio be 1:200 500 prepare and
Becoming, the abamectin emulsifiable concentrate that avilamycin pre-mixing liquor uses weight percent concentration to be 2.0% is 1 with water according to mass ratio:
300 600 is formulated, Wettable propineb powder and the water that Propineb pre-mixing liquor uses weight percent concentration to be 70% by
It is that 1:100 300 is formulated according to mass ratio；
After spraying medicine for the first time 8-12 days, carrying out second time and spray medicine and bagging, second time spray medicine is spraying one comprehensive to whole tree
Secondary antibacterial, being formulated as of antibacterial: according to weight ratio be by fluopyram trifloxystrobin pre-mixing liquor, Prochloraz pre-mixing liquor
The ratio of 1.7 3:0.6 2, is configured to compound disinfectant；Above-mentioned fluopyram trifloxystrobin pre-mixing liquor uses containing weight
Measure the fluopyram that percent concentration is 21.4% and the commodity fluopyram that weight percent concentration is 21.4% trifloxystrobin
Trifloxystrobin suspending agent and water are that 1:150 320 is formulated according to mass ratio, and Prochloraz pre-mixing liquor uses weight percent concentration
Be 25% Prochloraz suspending agent be that 1:400 650 is formulated with water according to mass ratio；
The same day after the medicinal liquid of second time spray is dry i.e. carries out bagging, and the single fruit that growth selection is normal, healthy and strong uses
100 130mm × 130 180mm, bag mouth are embedded with tightens the thickness of iron wire at 10-60g/m2The white special fruit of papery printing opacity
Bag, by tree crown outer to interior, from tree crown on carry out bagging, really bag opening entangles fruit, with tightening iron wire by bag at carpopodium
Mouth is tightened.
3. the method for yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. cultivation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the management of water is that water quality reaches farmland irrigating
Irrigate standards of water quality, use spring water to irrigate, respectively pour water once in autumn, winter, pour water every time and want thoroughly, until rainy season set, pour water
Amount is as the criterion with water saturates Root Distribution layer 40 60cm；The logical gutter of reason is repaired in the front orchard of summer rainwater arriving, the most flat
Ground orchard it is noted that dig deep gutter in orchard surrounding, hillside orchard it is noted that build check dam or dash ditch on top, orchard, for
Reduce rain drop erosion, Orchard mulch and Sod culture should be carried out.
4. the method for fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. cultivation as claimed in claim 1 or 2 yellow, it is characterised in that fruit picking within first 40 days, forbid spraying medicine, must not
Pouring water, rainy day or fruit show that water is the most dry should not be plucked；Fruit picking uses a fruit two to cut method, i.e. first cuts, band fruit stem about 3 4cm cuts
Disconnected, second cut, at fruit end, cut fruit stem, first put into gently in bucket, pour into the most gently in the blank plastic box of lid.
5. the method for yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. storage, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1) the gathering of fresh fruit: gather when Maturity at least up to 80% of fruit, be cased with the fruit of paper bag, do not overlap paper bag
Fruit fruit picking together, during fruit picking, weather should be sunny without rain；
2) choosing fruit is with vanning: when gathering, and rejects wound fruit, decayed fruit, and then fruit loads capacity is the with cover blank of 15-20Kg
In plastic box, case top leaves 10% space；
3) airing:
To just gather and be dried in cool place, not by direct sunlight, draughty canopy through selecting the fruit soaked with medicament
Interior placement 15 50 hours, allows fruit surface and paper bag reach dry, does not has the globule；Then FCL is directly entered storage；
4) storage: preserve in multi-functional agricultural products storage and preservation storehouse, be deposited in the pile pier of overhead 100 140mm
Above, in storage, according to situations such as different storage expections, the storage quality of material, Maturity and packagings, to temperature, humidity,
Gas concentration lwevel and the holding conditions of ozone concentration, cooperate and ventilation carries out omnidistance full-automatic accurately controlling；?
Temperature control aspect, storehouse temperature controls at 3.0 9.0 DEG C, and temperature difference controls at 1.5 2.5 DEG C；In terms of humid control,
By humid control 80 95%, psychrometric difference controls 2.0 3.0%；During taking a breath, gas concentration lwevel drop to 400PPm with
Under, during sterilizing, ozone concentration controls at 5 60PPm；
5) outbound: under conditions of not having cold chain transportation and selling, it should 2 days in advance, storehouse temperature is slowly raised and environment phase
Same room temperature, then outbound；Under conditions of having cold chain transportation and selling, can directly outbound.
6. the method for yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. storage as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that by the fruit being cased with paper bag through selecting
Put into prepare in advance in composite fresh-keeping medicament and soak 13 minutes；For there is no the fruit of bagging, directly use composite fresh-keeping medicine
Agent is soaked；
Above-mentioned composite fresh-keeping medicament preparation: by bellkute pre-mixing liquor, Imazalil sulfate pre-mixing liquor, thiabendazole pre-mixing liquor,
2.4 D pre-mixing liquors, according to the ratio that weight ratio is 0.5 3:1 5:1 6:0.5 2, are configured to composite fresh-keeping medicament；
The commodity bellkute Emulsion that above-mentioned bellkute pre-mixing liquor uses weight percent concentration to be 10% and water are according to mass ratio 1:
700 1500 is formulated, the commodity Imazalil sulfate that Imazalil sulfate pre-mixing liquor uses weight percent concentration to be 75%
Soluble granula and water are formulated according to mass ratio 1:300 1000, and thiabendazole pre-mixing liquor uses weight percent concentration
Be 60% thiabendazole wettable powder formulated according to mass ratio 1:500 1500 with water；2.4 D pre-mixing liquors use weight
Measure the commodity 2.4 D Emulsion that percent concentration is 85% formulated according to mass ratio 1:5000 9000 with water.
7. the method for the yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. storage as described in claim 5 or 6, it is characterised in that multi-functional agricultural products storage and preservation storehouse is wrapped
Including warehouse, be positioned at the temperature control system in warehouse, humidity detection and control system, gas componant control system, temperature controls
System has temperature show with controller, hot-air blower to show with controller, shown with temperature by transmission line and be connected with controller
The temperature probe being positioned at warehouse, shown the compressor controlled with controller, the air-cooler being positioned at warehouse by temperature, be heated
Blower fan shows the hot-air blower controlled with controller, has humidity display and controller, wet curtain humidification in humidity detection and control system
Device, wet curtain humidifier has the hygrometry being connected with controller with humidity display by transmission line being positioned at warehouse pop one's head in,
The water inlet with water circulating pump and the water tank of water return outlet that are positioned at outside warehouse, it is positioned at the wet curtain in warehouse, is loaded on before wet curtain
Add wet blower, one end are connected with the water circulating pump in water tank and the other end is connected with wet curtain through warehouse wall water inlet pipe, one
End is connected with the water return outlet in water tank and the other end passes the return pipe that warehouse wall is connected with wet curtain, in gas componant control system
Band one end is had to stretch into the detection gas analyser of trachea, compound ventilation air-changing device, decontaminating apparatus in warehouse, in compound ventilation air-changing device
There are the equilibrated valve being contained on warehouse wall and the Electric air valve of equilibrated valve series winding, the air-introduced machine being contained on warehouse wall, position
The intervalometer being connected with air-introduced machine, air-introduced machine Electric air valve and Electric air valve respectively by permutator outside warehouse, sterilization
The ozone survey being connected with ozone observing and controlling display by transmission line have ozone observing and controlling display in device, being contained on warehouse inwall
Fixed probe, ozonator.
8. the method for yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. storage as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that have pile pier, one end and air-introduced machine in warehouse
Outlet and the other end stretches into the induced duct bottom pile pier, induced duct has some vents.
9. the method for yellow fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. storage as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that be provided with correction hygrometry in warehouse and visit
The humidity value of head reflection and the DHM2A type aspirated psychrometer of the error of actual humidity value in warehouse.
10. the method for fruit Citrus chachiensis Hort. storage as claimed in claim 7 yellow, it is characterised in that warehouse wall by heat-insulation layer, be compounded in insulation
The steel plate layer composition of layer both sides, the part that water tank, water inlet pipe and return pipe are positioned at outside warehouse is compounded with heat-insulation layer respectively.
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