CN105925442B - 一种蒲公英花功能型发酵酒的制作方法 - Google Patents
一种蒲公英花功能型发酵酒的制作方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105925442B CN105925442B CN201610518740.3A CN201610518740A CN105925442B CN 105925442 B CN105925442 B CN 105925442B CN 201610518740 A CN201610518740 A CN 201610518740A CN 105925442 B CN105925442 B CN 105925442B
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Abstract
一种蒲公英花功能型发酵酒的制作方法,它涉及一种发酵酒的制作方法。本发明要解决现有技术中不存在采用蒲公英花制备发酵酒的方法的问题。该酒由纯净水、蒲公英花、糖、橘子汁、橙子汁、柠檬汁、桔子皮、柠檬皮、酵母、乳酸菌、丁香和生姜制成。方法为:将蒲公英花去花托烫漂处理,将桔子皮和柠檬皮去白髓后切块、生姜切丝,丁香粉碎,共同装入200目滤布袋,上述组分及果汁液经杀菌混合后转入充有二氧化碳和氮气的发酵罐,采用混合活性酵母进行一次发酵,使用混合活性乳酸菌进行二次发酵,经陈酿、低温离心除杂、过滤后完成蒲公英花功能型发酵酒的制作。本发明制备的发酵酒呈微黄色,澄清亮泽,口感清香润滑,具有营养和保健等多种功效。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品发酵技术领域,具体涉及一种蒲公英花功能型发酵酒及其制作方法。
背景技术
蒲公英是菊科蒲公英属多年生草本植物,广泛分布于欧洲、亚洲、美洲大陆,我国大部分地区均有分布。蒲公英中含蒲公英醇、蒲公英苦素、胆碱、黄色素、有机酸、菊糖、葡萄糖、VA、Vc、VD、胡萝卜素等多种营养素和丰富的微量元素,具有利尿、清热解毒、消肿散结,改善消化不良和便秘,治疗风湿和关节不适,可舒缓皮肤炎,对湿疹有功效,同时具有强化肝脏的作用,能降低胆固醇,大量钾成分和钠共同调节体内的水盐平衡,使心率正常,可以预防肝硬化,增强肝和胆的功能,治疗胆结石。
蒲公英花花期长,花朵大,资源丰富。花茎1至数条,每条顶生状花序,总苞片多层,内面一层较长,花冠黄褐色或淡黄白色。蒲公英花中含毛莨黄素、叶酸、维生素B2、黄酮类物质、酚酸类物质及丰富的微量元素,具有抗癌活性、抑菌或杀菌作用、利胆保肝、保护视力作用、扩张血管、抗血栓形成、溶纤和抗脂质过氧化的作用,对心肌缺血、心绞痛、心肌梗死等心血管疾病具有疗效。
国内外研究人员已利用蒲公英制备啤酒、清热酒、中药酒以及饮料等,对蒲公英花的研究多集中在花茶的开发,以蒲公英花为主要原料制备功能型发酵酒还鲜有研究。
发明内容
本发明提供一种蒲公英花功能型发酵酒的制作工艺,该方法获得的发酵酒色泽纯正,清香,透明度好,总酚酸和总黄酮含量高,具有较好的抗氧化活性。
本发明的一种蒲公英花功能型发酵酒,它按重量份数是由3500~4000份纯净水、200~230份蒲公英花、1200~1600份糖、230~250份橘子汁、50~60份橙子汁、50~60份柠檬汁、15~20份桔子皮、5~7份柠檬皮、6~8份活性干酵母、1~3份乳酸菌、0.5~0.6份丁香和1~1.5份生姜制成。
本发明的一种蒲公英花功能型发酵酒的制作方法,它是按照以下步骤进行的:
一、将蒲公英花烫漂灭菌;桔子皮、柠檬皮切成0.5cm×0.5cm大小,生姜切丝至0.2cm×1cm大小,丁香磨碎,然后将上述处理后的桔子皮、柠檬皮、生姜和丁香装入布袋,加白糖和水加热至100℃煮沸10min,冷却后,与蒲公英花混合后,加入巴氏杀菌的橘子汁、橙子汁和柠檬汁,然后装入发酵罐;
二、按以下二个阶段发酵:(1)通入二氧化碳和氮气,充满发酵罐,接种活性干酵母,进行发酵,发酵温度为25~30℃,发酵时间为4~6d,每隔3h开启搅拌器30min,进行搅拌,搅拌转速为120~150r/min;(2)接种乳酸菌活性冻干粉,进行发酵,发酵pH为3.2~3.7,发酵温度为18~25℃,发酵时间为24~30d,开启搅拌器,搅拌转速为2~5r/min;(3)发酵结束后,使用灭菌的食品级无纺布滤袋和10目、20目滤筛压榨过滤分离上一步的发酵物料,得到汁液;(4)将上一步获得的汁液倒入不锈钢罐中,在温度为8~15℃,湿度为80%~90%条件下贮存6个月以上;(5)贮存结束后,离心去除杂质和微生物细胞,然后进行过滤,即完成所述的蒲公英花功能型发酵酒的制作方法。
本发明包含以下有益效果:
本发明方法采用二氧化碳和氮气联合浸提蒲公英花、桔子皮、柠檬皮、橙子汁、柠檬汁、橘子汁等原料中色素、酚类、有机酸等化合物,并进行厌氧代谢产生一系列生化变化,生成香味物质和功能性成分;同时利用混合活性干酵母进行前发酵;采用混合活性冻干乳酸菌粉进行二次发酵,诱发苹果酸-乳酸发酵,发酵代谢产物可改善发酵酒口感和风味。制备的蒲公英花功能型发酵酒具有清香、营养和保健等多种功效,该生产工艺的开发可满足不同消费者的需求,具有良好的开发价值。
1.蒲公英花为天然生长,花期长,花朵大,资源丰富,含有毛莨黄素、叶酸、维生素B2、黄酮类物质、酚酸类物质及丰富的微量元素,具有抗癌活性、抑菌或杀菌作用、利胆保肝、保护视力作用、扩张血管、抗血栓形成、溶纤和抗脂质过氧化的作用,对心肌缺血、心绞痛、心肌梗死等心血管疾病具有疗效。
2.选用的其他发酵原料来源广泛,其中桔子、橙子和柠檬富含糖、有机酸、抗坏血酸、矿物质元素,还含有类黄酮、类胡萝卜素、类柠檬苦素等多种活性物质。桔子皮和柠檬皮是加工食品副产物,在本发明中可作到副产物资源的再利用,桔子皮和柠檬皮中纤维素的含量高达60%,其中果胶的含量占30%左右。果胶具有优良的凝胶、稳定和乳化等功能,除此之外,还具有独特的生理功能及营养价值,可以促进肠道健康、降低血液胆固醇水平、调节餐后血糖反应、吸附并排除重金属等有毒物质、抑制癌细胞的生成与扩散等作用。
3.丁香是一种药食两用的中草药,具有温中降逆、补肾助阳的功效,可治疗打嗝和因消化不良引起的腹胀、腹泻、呕吐、口臭等症状,具有促进消化、抑菌消炎、解热镇痛、提高记忆力、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗血栓形成等多种功效。生姜可宣通络脉,调和气血,对心血管系统和味觉神经具有刺激作用,可以有效调整消化系统,减轻饮食不当产生的腹泻症状,还可以使血管和肝脏减少胆固醇的吸收,帮助增强心脏功能,辅助治疗冠状心血管疾病,除此之外姜还可以有效治疗偏头病、行动障碍和关节炎。
4.二氧化碳和氮气联合浸提取,将原料放入充满二氧化碳和氮气的发酵罐中进行浸渍,在浸渍过程中伴随着厌氧代谢的发生,物料内部发生了一系列的生化变化,可产生香味物质、酚酸类物质和黄酮、生成琥珀酸、分解苹果酸和蛋白质、色素浸提;同时原料在酵母作用下进行发酵。这些生化变化及发酵过程赋予了蒲公英发酵酒的色泽、风味和适宜的酒精含量。
5.采用封闭式发酵,改变传统的开放式发酵,避免物料与空气直接接触,被好氧性细菌污染,导致挥发酸含量升高,败坏发酵酒的质量;同时封闭式发酵利于色素和香气物质的浸提。
6.发酵过程中利用搅拌桨将物料和酵母充分接触反应,同时又将发酵产生的CO2气体带出,随排气孔排出,避免了CO2气体将物料顶于发酵罐的上部,使物料不能达到完全浸提。
7.采用乳酸菌进行二次发酵,乳酸菌可将原料中苹果酸变成乳酸,并释放出CO2,从而起到降低酸度、改善口感和香气,可进一步改善发酵酒口感和风味。
8.使用具有活性的干酵母和乳酸菌冻干粉可直接进行发酵,减少了活化与传代的复杂步骤,操作简单、方便、可行。
9.采用3个串联的0.45微米微孔滤膜滤芯过滤器过滤,分离效率高,过滤效果稳定。可去除酒中的细菌、酵母、果胶、悬浮颗粒及其它影响酒质的杂质,不破坏醇香物质,保留酒体原有风味和口感,获得色泽透亮且具有更长货架期和更高品质的发酵酒。
10.本方法制得的蒲公英功能型发酵酒中总酚和总黄酮含量较高,清除羟自由基能力较高,具有较好的抗氧化能力。
附图说明
图1为蒲公英花功能型发酵酒抗氧化物质含量及活性变化图,其中A为总酚含量,B为黄酮含量,C为清除羟自由基数据。
具体实施方式
具体实施方式一:本实施方式的一种蒲公英花功能型发酵酒,它按重量份数是由3500~4000份纯净水、200~230份蒲公英花、1200~1600份糖、230~250份橘子汁、50~60份橙子汁、50~60份柠檬汁、15~20份桔子皮、5~7份柠檬皮、6~8份活性干酵母、1~3份乳酸菌、0.5~0.6份丁香和1~1.5份生姜制成。
具体实施方式二:本实施方式的一种蒲公英花功能型发酵酒的制作方法,它是按照以下步骤进行的:
一、将蒲公英花烫漂灭菌;桔子皮、柠檬皮切成0.5cm×0.5cm大小,生姜切丝至0.2cm×1cm大小,丁香磨碎,然后将上述处理后的桔子皮、柠檬皮、生姜和丁香装入布袋,加白糖和水加热至100℃煮沸10min,冷却后,与蒲公英花混合后,加入巴氏杀菌(65℃处理30min)后橘子汁、橙子汁和柠檬汁,然后装入发酵罐;
二、按以下二个阶段发酵:(1)通入二氧化碳和氮气,充满发酵罐,接种活性干酵母,进行发酵,发酵温度为25~30℃,发酵时间为4~6d,每隔3h开启搅拌器30min,进行搅拌,搅拌转速为120~150r/min;(2)接种乳酸菌活性冻干粉,进行发酵,发酵pH为3.2~3.7,发酵温度为18~25℃,发酵时间为24~30d,开启搅拌器,搅拌转速为2~5r/min;(3)发酵结束后,使用灭菌的食品级无纺布滤袋和10目、20目滤筛压榨过滤分离上一步的发酵物料,得到汁液;(4)将上一步获得的汁液倒入不锈钢罐中,在温度为8~15℃,湿度为80%~90%条件下贮存6个月以上;(5)贮存结束后,离心去除杂质和微生物细胞,然后进行过滤,即完成所述的蒲公英花功能型发酵酒的制作方法。
具体实施方式三:本实施方式与具体实施方式二不同的是:所述的活性干酵母菌为M05活性贝酵母(Saccharomyces bayanus)、酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces serevisiae)、柠檬形克勒克酵母(Kloeckera apiculata)、葡萄汁有孢汉生酵母(Hanseniaspera uvarum)的一种或多种按照等例混合而成的。其它与具体实施方式二相同。
具体实施方式四:本实施方式与具体实施方式二不同的是:所述的乳酸菌为发酵苹果酸-乳酸的菌种,该菌种为活性冻干粉。其它与具体实施方式二相同。
具体实施方式五:本实施方式与具体实施方式二不同的是:进行苹果酸-乳酸发酵的菌种为酒明串珠菌(Leuconostoc oenos)31DH、布氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus buchneri)、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)R23的一种或多种按照等比例混合而成的。其它与具体实施方式二相同。
具体实施方式六:本实施方式与具体实施方式二不同的是:步骤一中所述的桔子皮加入量为15~20重量份,柠檬皮加入量为5~7重量份,生姜加入量为1~1.5重量份,丁香加入量为0.5~0.6重量份,白糖加入量为1200~1600重量份,水的加入量为3500~4000重量份,蒲公英花的加入量为200~230重量份,橘子汁的加入量为230~250重量份,橙子汁的加入量为50~60重量份,柠檬汁的加入量为50~60重量份。其它与具体实施方式二相同。
具体实施方式七:本实施方式与具体实施方式二不同的是:步骤二中通入的二氧化碳和氮气的体积比为7:3。其它与具体实施方式二相同。
具体实施方式八:本实施方式与具体实施方式二不同的是:步骤二中所述的混合活性干酵母接种量为6~8重量份,乳酸菌活性冻干粉的接种量为1~3重量份。其它与具体实施方式二相同。
具体实施方式九:本实施方式与具体实施方式二不同的是:离心去除杂质和微生物细胞的转速为3000r/min,离心时间为15min。其它与具体实施方式二相同。
具体实施方式十:本实施方式与具体实施方式二不同的是:步骤二中贮存后,进行过滤是采用直径150~160mm,高度450~500mm的过滤器进行的,其中,过滤器中含有0.45微米微孔滤膜滤芯3个,过滤时流量为1~200m3/h。其它与具体实施方式二相同。
本发明内容不仅限于上述各实施方式的内容,其中一个或几个具体实施方式的组合同样也可以实现发明的目的。
通过以下实施例验证本发明的有益效果:
实施例1
本实施例的一种蒲公英花功能型发酵酒及其生产工艺,是通过以下步骤进行的:
1.将200~230重量份蒲公英花去掉花托,称重,清洗,在100℃沸水中煮3min,沥水;
2.将15~20重量份桔子皮,5~7重量份柠檬皮,去白髓,切成0.5cm*0.5cm小块;1~1.5重量份生姜切成0.2cm*1cm细丝、0.5~0.6重量份丁香用万能粉碎机粉碎,装入200目食品级滤布袋中,将上述材料用2500~3000重量份水100℃煮沸10min,冷却至25℃;橘子汁、橙子汁、柠檬汁经65℃巴氏杀菌30min;
3.将1200~1600重量份白糖加1000~1500重量份水100℃煮沸5min,冷却至25℃;
4.发酵罐采用高压灭菌,灭菌压力为0.1~0.2MPa,灭菌温度为121~130℃,灭菌时间为30~50min,灭菌后冷却待用;
5.将1,2,3混合置于灭菌后的发酵罐中,同时加入230~250重量份橘子汁,50~60重量份橙子汁,50~60重量份柠檬汁,并向发酵罐中通入二氧化碳气体和氮气(比例为7:3),控制发酵罐压力为0.02~0.04MPa,接种6~8份混合活性干酵母,发酵温度为25~30℃,发酵时间为4~6d,每隔3h开启搅拌器30min,使物料全部浸没到液体中,搅拌转速为120~150r/min;
6.一次发酵产物,接种1~3份乳酸菌活性冻干粉,发酵pH3.2~3.7,发酵温度为18~25℃,发酵时间为24~30d,开启搅拌器,搅拌转速为2~5r/min;
7.发酵结束后,使用灭菌后的10目滤筛分离物料和汁液,使用灭菌的食品级无纺布过滤袋压榨物料,合并滤液,过20目灭菌后滤筛,得到发酵酒液;
8.发酵酒倒入不锈钢罐中,在温度8~15℃,湿度80%~90%条件下贮存6个月以上。发酵过程中监测蒲公英花功能性发酵酒总酚、总黄酮含量,以及发酵酒的还原能力和清除羟自由基能力;
9.贮存结束后,采用低温高速离心机,3000r/min离心15min,除去杂质和微生物细胞;之后采用直径150~160mm,高度450~500mm的过滤器过滤,该过滤器中含有0.45微米微孔滤膜滤芯3个,流量为1~200m3/h。
本实施例的制得的蒲公英功能型发酵酒中总酚和总黄酮含量,清除羟自由基能力结果如图1所示,由图1可知,本方法制得的蒲公英功能型发酵酒中总酚和总黄酮含量较高,清除羟自由基能力较高,具有较好的抗氧化能力。
Claims (9)
1.一种蒲公英花功能型发酵酒,其特征在于它按重量份数是由3500~4000份纯净水、200~230份蒲公英花、1200~1600份糖、230~250份橘子汁、50~60份橙子汁、50~60份柠檬汁、15~20份桔子皮、5~7份柠檬皮、6~8份活性干酵母、1~3份乳酸菌、0.5~0.6份丁香和1~1.5份生姜制成;
所述的一种蒲公英花功能型发酵酒,制作的步骤如下:
一、将蒲公英花烫漂灭菌;桔子皮、柠檬皮切成0.5cm×0.5cm大小,生姜切丝至0.2cm×1cm大小,丁香磨碎,然后将上述处理后的桔子皮、柠檬皮、生姜和丁香装入布袋,加白糖和水加热至100℃煮沸10min,冷却后,与蒲公英花混合后,加入巴氏杀菌后的橘子汁、橙子汁和柠檬汁,然后装入发酵罐;
二、按以下二个阶段发酵:(1)通入二氧化碳和氮气,充满发酵罐,接种活性干酵母,进行发酵,发酵温度为25~30℃,发酵时间为4~6d,每隔3h开启搅拌器30min,进行搅拌,搅拌转速为120~150r/min;(2)接种乳酸菌活性冻干粉,进行发酵,发酵pH为3.2~3.7,发酵温度为18~25℃,发酵时间为24~30d,开启搅拌器,搅拌转速为2~5r/min;(3)发酵结束后,使用灭菌的食品级无纺布滤袋和10目、20目滤筛压榨过滤分离上一步的发酵物料,得到汁液;(4)将上一步获得的汁液倒入不锈钢罐中,在温度为8~15℃,湿度为80%~90%条件下贮存6个月以上;(5)贮存结束后,离心去除杂质和微生物细胞,然后进行过滤,即完成所述的蒲公英花功能型发酵酒的制作方法。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种蒲公英花功能型发酵酒,其特征在于所述的活性干酵母菌为M05活性贝酵母(Saccharomyces bayanus)、酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces serevisiae)、柠檬形克勒克酵母(Kloeckera apiculata)、葡萄汁有孢汉生酵母(Hanseniasperauvarum)的一种或多种按照等例混合而成的。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种蒲公英花功能型发酵酒,其特征在于所述的乳酸菌为发酵苹果酸-乳酸的菌种,该菌种为活性冻干粉。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种蒲公英花功能型发酵酒,其特征在于进行苹果酸-乳酸发酵的菌种为酒明串珠菌(Leuconostoc oenos)31DH、布氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillusbuchneri)、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)R23的一种或多种按照等比例混合而成的。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种蒲公英花功能型发酵酒,其特征在于步骤一中所述的桔子皮加入量为15~20重量份,柠檬皮加入量为5~7重量份,生姜加入量为1~1.5重量份,丁香加入量为0.5~0.6重量份,白糖加入量为1200~1600重量份,水的加入量为3500~4000重量份,蒲公英花的加入量为200~230重量份,橘子汁的加入量为230~250重量份,橙子汁的加入量为50~60重量份,柠檬汁的加入量为50~60重量份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种蒲公英花功能型发酵酒,其特征在于步骤二中通入的二氧化碳和氮气的体积比为7:3。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种蒲公英花功能型发酵酒,其特征在于步骤二中所述的混合活性干酵母接种量为6~8重量份,乳酸菌活性冻干粉的接种量为1~3重量份。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种蒲公英花功能型发酵酒,其特征在于离心去除杂质和微生物细胞的转速为3000r/min,离心时间为15min。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种蒲公英花功能型发酵酒,其特征在于步骤二中贮存后,进行过滤是采用直径150~160mm,高度450~500mm的过滤器进行的,其中,过滤器中含有0.45微米微孔滤膜滤芯3个,过滤时流量为1~200m3/h。
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