CN105910392A - 甘草不定根冷冻干燥的保鲜方法 - Google Patents
甘草不定根冷冻干燥的保鲜方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105910392A CN105910392A CN201610408742.7A CN201610408742A CN105910392A CN 105910392 A CN105910392 A CN 105910392A CN 201610408742 A CN201610408742 A CN 201610408742A CN 105910392 A CN105910392 A CN 105910392A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- adventitious root
- licorice
- glycyrrhiza uralensis
- preservation method
- prefreezing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
- F26B5/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum
- F26B5/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum the process involving freezing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/40—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by drying or kilning; Subsequent reconstitution
- A23L3/44—Freeze-drying
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/48—Fabaceae or Leguminosae (Pea or Legume family); Caesalpiniaceae; Mimosaceae; Papilionaceae
- A61K36/484—Glycyrrhiza (licorice)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Alternative & Traditional Medicine (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种甘草不定根冷冻干燥的保鲜方法,包括以下步骤:(1)预处理:将甘草不定根去除杂物,洗净,晾干表面水份;(2)预冻结:在真空干燥器中降温至‑25~‑40℃,预冻结20~25h;(3)真空冷冻干燥:将步骤(2)获得的甘草不定根在真空冷冻干燥机中,抽真空至20‑50Pa,在冷阱温度‑40~‑60℃,冷冻干燥10‑15h,取出;(4)抽真空包装。本发明的方法工艺过程简单,成本低廉,可最大限度地保存药用有效成分的活性,原有形状、颜色、气味,保存性好,保留甘草新鲜时的色、香、味,且产品复水性较好,便于长期贮存、运输和销售。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及甘草不定根冷冻干燥的保鲜方法。
背景技术
乌拉尔甘草(Glycyrrhiza Uralensis Fisch.G.Glabra L.)为甘草正品,别名甜草、蜜草,为豆科甘草属多年生草本植物,是荒漠半荒漠地区重要的固沙植物,同时也是接近濒危的大宗道地药材,此外甘草还广泛用于食品、饮料、卷烟业和化妆品工业,具有重要的生态和经济价值。甘草的主要成分是甘草皂苷,甘草皂苷又称甘草酸,由于有甜味,又称为甘草甜素。抗病毒作用是甘草酸类成分的主要药理作用之一。近年来,有关甘草酸对肝炎病毒、艾滋病毒及其它病毒的作用研究和应用,取得了较大的进展。由于甘草甜素具有高甜度、低热量、起泡性及溶血性较低、安全无毒等优良特性,现已有甘草甜素片制剂正式在临床上用于治疗乙肝。目前,甘草防治肝炎的应用在国内外均有报道,其有效成分主要是甘草甜素和甘草次酸(甘草酸的水解产物)。甘草性平,味甘,有解毒、祛痰、止痛、解痉以至抗癌等药理作用。在中医上,甘草补脾益气,滋咳润肺,缓急解毒,调和百药。临床应用分“生用”与“蜜炙”之别。生用主治咽喉肿痛,痛疽疮疡,胃肠道溃疡以及解药毒、食物中毒等;蜜炙主治脾胃功能减退,大便溏薄,乏力发热以及咳嗽、心悸等。西医药理发现,甘草剂有抗炎和抗变态反映的功能,因此在西医临床上主要作为缓和剂。缓解咳嗽,祛痰,治疗咽痛喉炎;甘草或甘草次酸有去氧皮质酮类作用,对慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退症有良好功效;甘草制剂能促进胃部粘液形成和分泌,延长上皮细胞寿命,有抗炎活性,常用于慢性溃疡和十二指肠溃疡的治疗;甘草的黄酮具有消炎、解痉和抗酸作用;甘草也是人丹的主要原料之一。因此甘草产业在我国医药健康事业中具有重要的意义。甘草还广泛应用于食品工业,精制糖果、蜜饯和口香糖。甘草浸膏是制造巧克力的乳化剂,还能增加啤酒的酒味及香味,提高黑啤酒的稠度和色泽,制作某些软性饮料和甜酒;香烟矫味。在化工、印染工业中,甘草也广有用途。
常用的甘草干燥方法,使干燥后有效成份下降,产品的外观不好。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种甘草不定根冷冻干燥的保鲜方法。
本发明的技术方案概述如下:
一种甘草不定根冷冻干燥的保鲜方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)预处理:将分选出来的甘草不定根去除杂物,用无菌水清洗干净,晾干表面水份;
(2)预冻结:将步骤(1)获得的甘草不定根在真空干燥器中降温至-25~-40℃,预冻结20~25h;
(3)真空冷冻干燥:将步骤(2)获得的甘草不定根在真空冷冻干燥机中,抽真空至20-50Pa,在冷阱温度-40~-60℃,冷冻干燥10-15h,取出;
(4)抽真空包装。
甘草不定根优选为组培的甘草不定根,也可以对适时采收的甘草进行冷冻干燥。
优选的:步骤(2)所述预冻结的温度为-30℃,预冻结时间为23h。
优选的:步骤(3)为:将步骤(2)获得的甘草不定根在真空冷冻干燥机中,抽真空至40Pa,在冷阱温度-50℃,冷冻干燥12h。
本发明的优点:
本发明的方法,不但工艺过程简单,成本低廉,可最大限度地保存药用有效成分的活性,也可最大程度地保持甘草的外观品质、营养成分和原有形状、颜色、气味,脱水彻底,保存性好,保留甘草新鲜时的色、香、味,且产品复水性较好,便于长期贮存、运输和销售。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例1
一种甘草不定根冷冻干燥的保鲜方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)预处理:将分选出来的组培的甘草不定根不定根去除杂物,用无菌水清洗干净,晾干表面水份;
(2)预冻结:将步骤(1)获得的甘草不定根在真空干燥器中降温至-30℃,预冻结23h;
(3)真空冷冻干燥:将步骤(2)获得的甘草不定根在真空冷冻干燥机中,抽真空至40Pa,在冷阱温度-50℃,冷冻干燥12h,取出;
(4)抽真空包装。其中甘草酸、甘草黄酮和甘草次酸含量见表1。
实施例2
一种甘草不定根冷冻干燥的保鲜方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)预处理:将分选出来的组培的甘草不定根不定根去除杂物,用无菌水清洗干净,晾干表面水份;
(2)预冻结:将步骤(1)获得的甘草不定根在真空干燥器中降温至-25℃,预冻结25h;
(3)真空冷冻干燥:将步骤(2)获得的甘草不定根在真空冷冻干燥机中,抽真空至20Pa,在冷阱温度-60℃,冷冻干燥10h,取出;
(4)抽真空包装。
实施例3
一种甘草不定根冷冻干燥的保鲜方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)预处理:将分选出来的组培的甘草不定根不定根去除杂物,用无菌水清洗干净,晾干表面水份;
(2)预冻结:将步骤(1)获得的甘草不定根在真空干燥器中降温至-40℃,预冻结20h;
(3)真空冷冻干燥:将步骤(2)获得的甘草不定根在真空冷冻干燥机中,抽真空至50Pa,在冷阱温度-40℃,冷冻干燥15h,取出;
(4)抽真空包装。
用本发明的方法也可以用于野生甘草的干燥。
实施例4
1.甘草酸分析
1.1色谱条件
液相色谱条件:色谱柱为Kromasil C18(4.6mm×250mm,5μm);流动相A:乙腈,B:0.05%磷酸;梯度洗脱程序:0~8min,A:19%;8~35min,A为19~50%;35~36min,A为50~100%;36~40min,A为100~19%。检测波长237nm;柱温30℃;流速1.0mL·min-1;进样体积为20μL。
1.2标准品溶液的制备
精密称取甘草酸标品1mg,加少量甲醇超声溶解后置于5mL容量瓶中,再用甲醇定容至刻度,分别得到甘草酸对照品储备液。对照品储备液用0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤后密封,置冰箱中保存备用。
1.3样品溶液的制备
精密称取0.2g干燥甘草不定根(新鲜甘草不定根和实施例1得到的甘草不定根)样品置于50m L具塞三角瓶中,加入20m L甲醇,超声提取(250W,40kHz)30min,然后60℃水浴提取2次,每次90min,合并滤液。
2.甘草黄酮和甘草次酸分析
2.1色谱条件
液相色谱条件:色谱柱为Kromasil C18(4.6mm×250mm,5μm);流动相A:乙腈,B:0.04%甲酸;梯度洗脱程序:0~4min,C:20%;4~20min,C为20~38%;20~25min,C为38~55%;25~38min,C为55~90%;38~50min,C为90%。检测波长250nm;柱温30℃;流速1.0mL·min-1;进样体积为20μL。
2.2标准品溶液的制备
精密称取甘草苷,异甘草苷,甘草素,查尔酮A,异甘草素,光甘草定,甘草次酸各1mg,加少量甲醇超声溶解后置于5m L容量瓶中,再用甲醇定容至刻度,得到混合对照品储备液。混合对照品储备液用0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤后密封,置冰箱中保存备用。
2.3供试品溶液的制备
按照1.3的方法提取供试品溶液。使用前用0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤,得样品供试品。
表1 甘草不定根的含量
实验证明:实施例2、实施例3冷冻干燥后的组培的甘草不定根中甘草苷、异甘草苷、甘草素、查尔酮A、异甘草素、光甘草定、甘草酸和甘草次酸的含量分别与实施例1制备的组培甘草的不定根相似。
本发明所优化得到的数值能够最大程度的减少冷冻干燥过程对产品质量的破坏,从而获得了一种工艺稳定、产品质量得以显著提升的冷冻干燥方法,通过比较得出本发明的方法制备的甘草有效成分基本没发生变化,保证甘草干燥后的外观、色泽与新鲜甘草不定根一致,药效、品质未发生变化,复水性较好,使消费者更能接受。同时给甘草的人工产业化带来良好的经济效益。
Claims (3)
1.一种甘草不定根冷冻干燥的保鲜方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)预处理:将分选出来的甘草不定根去除杂物,用无菌水清洗干净,晾干表面水份;
(2)预冻结:将步骤(1)获得的甘草不定根在真空干燥器中降温至-25~-40℃,预冻结20~25h;
(3)真空冷冻干燥:将步骤(2)获得的甘草不定根在真空冷冻干燥机中,抽真空至20-50Pa,在冷阱温度-40~-60℃,冷冻干燥10-15h,取出;
(4)抽真空包装。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种甘草不定根冷冻干燥的保鲜方法,其特征是:步骤(2)所述预冻结的温度为-30℃,预冻结时间为23h。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种甘草不定根冷冻干燥的保鲜方法,其特征是所述步骤(3)为:将步骤(2)获得的甘草不定根在真空冷冻干燥机中,抽真空至40Pa,在冷阱温度-50℃,冷冻干燥12h。
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