CN105900814A - Soilless planting method of organic muskmelons - Google Patents
Soilless planting method of organic muskmelons Download PDFInfo
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- CN105900814A CN105900814A CN201610310209.7A CN201610310209A CN105900814A CN 105900814 A CN105900814 A CN 105900814A CN 201610310209 A CN201610310209 A CN 201610310209A CN 105900814 A CN105900814 A CN 105900814A
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- organic
- fertilizer
- fructus melo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention provides a soilless planting method of organic muskmelons. The soilless planting method is characterized in that disinfection treatment is conducted on non-transgenic muskmelon seeds which are not subjected to chemical treatment, and in the whole planting process, organic fertilizers of fermented and decomposed straw and the like are utilized for matrix cultivation and leaching agent irrigation; cyclic fertilizer supply and timely liquid fertilizer recycling are adopted, and a cultivation mode that stage management is adopted for the muskmelons in different growing phases is combined. The invention further provides an organic matrix for planting vegetables and organic liquid fertilizer and a making method thereof. Earlier fermentation, post decomposition and continuous retting are conducted by taking straw, chicken manure and the like as the raw materials and utilizing the characteristic of symbiotic bacteria; continuous extracting and leaching agent supplementing are conducted, and the organic liquid fertilizer is obtained after collecting is conducted; nutrients are comprehensive, the fertilizer efficiency is balanced, and muskmelon plant absorption is promoted.
Description
Technical field
A kind of implantation methods Greenhouse technical field of organic Fructus Melo.
Background technology
Fructus Melo, the flesh texture of melon section plant, tool multicell and many seeds, and berry like, but the holder of these fruits and outer peel heal, and are commonly formed thick crust, are referred to as " melon and fruit " especially in classification.Fructus Melo is also known as sweet melon or Fructus Melo.Fructus Melo is gained the name because taste is sweet, owing to delicate fragrance attacks people therefore has another name called Fructus Melo.Fructus Melo is melon and fruit of relieving summer heat in the summertime, and its nutritive value can match in excellence or beauty with Citrullus vulgaris.According to surveying and determination, Fructus Melo is in addition to the content of moisture and protein is less than Citrullus vulgaris, and other nutritional labelings are no less than Citrullus vulgaris, and the content of aromatic substance, mineral, sugar and vitamin C is then apparently higher than Citrullus vulgaris.Polyphagia Fructus Melo, beneficially human heart and liver and the activity of intestinal tract, promote endocrine and hematopoietic function.Motherland's medical science confirms that Fructus Melo has the remarkable efficacy of " heat of relieving summer heat solves excessive thirst, diuresis ".
Summary of the invention
According to above technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of organic Fructus Melo greenhouse gardening method, it is characterised in that:
1) prepare: booth planted agent is without exposed soil, fly net all standing
Seedling raising greenhouse or shed are carried out pasteurised completely process；Being uniformly distributed the thick organic raising seedling cultivation matrix of 15-20cm in nursery furrow, cover 1-2cm seedling medium the most again, described organic seedling raising matrix composition is for rubbing a straw, chicken manure, and the peat composed of rotten mosses, the weight portion of perlite each composition siccative is: straw 70, chicken manure 20；Seedling medium peat composed of rotten mosses perlite 1:1, the multiple raw material timely and appropriate discovery such as bean cake, plant ash, biogas slurry and mineral fertilizer is added to 10；When stromal surface shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, keep the skin wet；When growth of cereal crop seedlings display fertility deficiency, impose the fertilizer of dilution；
2) seed selection seeding and seedling raising；First pass through Sal infusion method to choose the seed of full maturation；Broadcast rear day temperature to keep, 4-5 sheet leaf phase field planting；
3) grafting；First stock lobus cardiacus is removed during grafting, then under stock cotyledon, 0.5 centimeters blade is cut sth. askew downwards the thick half of stem, about 35-40 degree angle, scion Fructus Melo 1.5 centimeters under blade upwards cut sth. askew stem thick 2/3, about 30 degree of angles, then two rice shoot wounds are close to, clip with grafting clip, then shape all-in-one-piece stock and scion are together planted in nutritive cube；
4) when grafting length cause 2-3 leaf is fully deployed, Fructus Melo Seedling is transplanted in booth；Cultivation matrix lower berth sets waterproof plastic, and liquid pool is simply received in construction；
5) cultivation management；Being typically three flood in water management, be field planting water for the first time, second time is to water when children's melon grows to egg size to urge melon water, when third time is knot two-batch melon, waters and urges melon water；Cultivation matrix is bean cake, plant ash, and the multiple raw material timely and appropriate discovery such as biogas slurry and mineral fertilizer adds, and Fructus Melo Seedling is transplanted in booth；Cultivation matrix is straw 50-60, chicken manure 30；Bean cake, plant ash, the multiple raw material timely and appropriate discovery such as biogas slurry and mineral fertilizer is added to 10-20；Water is all to water along furrow inter-drain, to slowly penetrate in furrow every time；Bean cake, plant ash, the multiple raw material leachate timely and appropriate discovery such as biogas slurry and mineral fertilizer adds, and period stromal surface is shown in dry, waters little water in good time；Liquid is collected back after 1 hour；
6) pollination: Fructus Melo is cross pollinated plant, and without parthenocarpy habit, artificial and the indoor method putting Apis must be used in greenhouse to complete pollination, but conventional method is artificial pollination, when 9-10 in the morning, with the male flower that the same day is open, remove petal to smear gently on female chapiter, if during male flower deficiency, a piece male flower can award 3-4 female flower, preferably marks after pollination, in order to calculates the fruit maturation phase, without HORMONE TREATMENT during seat melon, in order to avoid causing the deformity of melon and affecting commercial quality；
7) gather ripe melon of as far as possible gathering, not adopting Fructus Cucumis flexuosi, the maturation of melon the most also should see the color of melon according to comprehensive descision such as pollination date and pol qualities, decorative pattern, stupefied ditch and smell umbilical part and have British plain spirits etc. to be determined, when gathering should band fruit stem and one section of stem is climing cuts, handle with care, for improving the class of Fructus Melo and being readily transported, should put net after plucking melon, stick trade mark, vanning is sold；
8) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: a) utilize sunshade net, vegetable is protected by fly net；The parasite killing such as frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp are installed；Hanging yellow haftplatte in greenhouse, trap and kill trialeurodes vaporariorum, dive otitid in America, alatae；Also can manual removal；
B) Biological control artificial propagation, release, introduce predator；It can in addition contain with Bacillus thuringiensis various polyhedrosis virus prevention and elimination of disease and pests；
C) medical treatment is if desired, and tunable utilizes medical treatment；Calx, sulfur, Bordeaux mixture can be used to prevent and treat vegetable multiple diseases；Can be with material preventing and treating vegetable fungal diseases such as the soft soap of suppression crop fungal disease, galenical, vinegar；Can use rotenone, the pyrethrin of plant origin with limitation, prosparol and kieselguhr carry out parasite killing；
D) summer high temperature is utilized season booth to be carried out the cleaning of falling canopy, stifling stewing canopy.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The planting technology of a kind of organic Fructus Melo that the present invention proposes, meets organic production standard, reduces the planting cost of organic Fructus Melo, improve Fructus Melo quality, add the benefit of Fructus Melo plantation, make the disease resistance of Fructus Melo and insect pest ability strengthen, reach the purpose of high yield and high quality, it is achieved the Fructus Melo anniversary plants.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is further described:
General plantation embodiment 1. first passes through Sal infusion method to choose the seed of full maturation, prepares: in booth, fly net all standing carries out pasteurised completely process to seedling raising greenhouse or shed；Nursery furrow are uniformly distributed organic-inorganic nursery soil thick for 15-20cm, cover 1-2cm nursery soil the most again.Under the seed that will choose；Broadcast rear day temperature and be maintained at 28-32 DEG C, night 18-20 DEG C, it is impossible to less than 13 DEG C；After seedling all sprouts, day temperature is maintained at 20-26 DEG C, night 10-13 DEG C；After true leaf flattens, daytime 22-30 DEG C, night 13-20 DEG C, during 2-3 sheet true leaf, should leak informaton seedling exercising, keeps 18-20 DEG C daytime, night 10-15 DEG C, seedling age about 30 days, 4-5 sheet leaf phase field planting；Get out the shaver of grafting again, be then ready for nutritive cube, the built-in Nutrition Soil of nutritive cube, the two-layer canopy needed after grafting to be ready to, canopy in i.e. first buckling in greenhouse, in middle canopy, buckle Small plastic shed again, Fructus Melo Seedling is transplanted in booth；Being field planting rich water for the first time, second time is to water when children's melon grows to egg size to urge melon rich water, when third time is knot two-batch melon, waters and urges melon rich water；Water is all to water along furrow inter-drain, to slowly penetrate in furrow every time；Fructus Melo is cross pollinated plant, and without parthenocarpy habit, the artificial and indoor method putting Apis must be used in greenhouse to complete pollination, but conventional method is artificial pollination, when 9-10 in the morning, with the male flower that the same day is open, remove petal and smear gently on female chapiter, if during male flower deficiency, a piece male flower can award 34 female flowers, preferably mark after pollination, in order to calculate the fruit maturation phase, when sitting melon, HORMONE TREATMENT can be used；Maturation of as far as possible gathering melon, does not adopt Fructus Cucumis flexuosi, and the maturation of melon will be according to comprehensive descision such as pollination date and pol qualities.
The soilless planting method embodiment 2. of a kind of organic Fructus Melo first passes through Sal infusion method to choose full, ripe seed, prepares: booth planted agent is without exposed soil, fly net all standing
Seedling raising greenhouse or shed are carried out pasteurised completely process；Nursery furrow are uniformly distributed the thick organic raising seedling cultivation matrix of 15-20cm, cover 1-2cm seedling medium the most again；Described organic seedling raising matrix composition is for rubbing a straw, chicken manure, and the peat composed of rotten mosses, the weight portion of perlite each composition siccative is: straw 80, chicken manure 10；Seedling medium peat composed of rotten mosses perlite 1:1, the multiple raw material timely and appropriate discovery such as bean cake, plant ash, biogas slurry and mineral fertilizer is added to 10；When stromal surface shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, keep the skin wet；When growth of cereal crop seedlings display fertility deficiency, impose the fertilizer of dilution.The planting seed that will choose；Seedling age about 30 days, 4-5 sheet leaf phase field planting；Grafting: when grafting length cause 2-3 leaf is fully deployed；Fructus Melo Seedling is transplanted in booth；Cultivation matrix is straw 50-60, chicken manure 30；Seedling medium peat composed of rotten mosses perlite 1:1, the multiple raw material timely and appropriate discovery such as bean cake, plant ash, biogas slurry and mineral fertilizer is added to 10-20；Being typically three flood in water management: be field planting water for the first time, second time is to water when children's melon grows to egg size to urge melon water, when third time is knot two-batch melon, waters and urges melon water；Water is all to water along furrow inter-drain, to slowly penetrate in furrow every time；Bean cake, plant ash, the multiple raw material leachate timely and appropriate discovery such as biogas slurry and mineral fertilizer adds, and period stromal surface is shown in dry, waters little water in good time；Liquid is collected back after 1 hour；Fructus Melo is cross pollinated plant, and without parthenocarpy habit, artificial and the indoor method putting Apis must be used in greenhouse to complete pollination, when the morning 9 10, with the male flower that the same day is open, remove petal to smear gently on female chapiter, preferably mark after pollination, in order to calculate the fruit maturation phase；Maturation of as far as possible gathering melon, the maturation of melon will be according to comprehensive descision such as pollination date and pol qualities；The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: 1) utilize sunshade net, fly net that vegetable is protected；The parasite killing such as frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp are installed；Hanging yellow haftplatte in greenhouse, trap and kill trialeurodes vaporariorum, dive otitid in America, alatae；Also can manual removal；
2) Biological control artificial propagation, release, introduce predator；It can in addition contain with Bacillus thuringiensis various polyhedrosis virus prevention and elimination of disease and pests；
3) medical treatment is if desired, and tunable utilizes medical treatment；Calx, sulfur, Bordeaux mixture can be used to prevent and treat vegetable multiple diseases；Can be with material preventing and treating vegetable fungal diseases such as the soft soap of suppression crop fungal disease, galenical, vinegar；Can use rotenone, the pyrethrin of plant origin with limitation, prosparol and kieselguhr carry out parasite killing；
4) summer high temperature is utilized season booth to be carried out the cleaning of falling canopy, stifling stewing canopy.
Fertilizer and organic fertilizer are applied in Fructus Melo plantation by the inventive method, can improve the sugariness of Fructus Melo, it is also possible to change the situation of the sweet skin depth of Fructus Melo melon, make Fructus Melo more welcomed by the people.
Due to the utilization of technique scheme, the embodiment of the present invention 2 has the advantage that the implantation methods of the Fructus Melo of the present invention compared with prior embodiment 1, it is achieved that organic safety non-pollution of production, it is achieved that organic plantation in anniversary, is greatly improved yield；The inventive method can significantly improve the quality of Fructus Melo；Meet organic Fructus Melo production standard；There is bigger economic benefit.Yield is suitable, and organic Fructus Melo market price is higher than common market price 1-3 times.Under identical yield, economic benefit increases nearly ten thousand yuan.
Claims (9)
1. the invention discloses the soilless planting method of a kind of organic Fructus Melo, it is characterised in that to not carrying out chemically treated not genetically modified Fructus Melo seed disinfection, the fertilizer after whole process utilizes the fermentation maturities such as straw makees substrate culture；Use dynamic circulation fertilizer and reclaim liquid fertilizer measure in good time；Bean cake, plant ash, the multiple raw material timely and appropriate discovery such as biogas slurry and mineral fertilizer adds, and the fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed by last decomposition planting season and ferments again, and management phase timely and appropriate discovery supplements leachates such as spraying clear water, biogas slurry, soybean cake mineral, collect the organic fertilizer obtaining Different Nutrients content；Overcome the problem such as organic fertilizer application and pest control difficulty, it is achieved that the anniversary of organic Fructus Melo continues high-quality and efficient production.
The soilless planting method of a kind of organic Fructus Melo the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that early-stage preparations: booth planted agent is without exposed soil, and the outer fly net all standing of booth carries out pasteurised completely process to seedling raising greenhouse or shed, and it comprises the steps:
1) preparing fertilizer: described matrix components is straw, chicken manure, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite etc., the weight portion of each composition siccative is straw 50-70, chicken manure 30-20, bean cake, plant ash, and the multiple raw material timely and appropriate discovery such as biogas slurry and mineral fertilizer is added to 20-10；Peat composed of rotten mosses perlite 1:1, covers after being used for broadcasting；
2) feature being prepared by fungal component of fertilizer, carries out early stage low temperature fermentation and the later stage becomes thoroughly decomposed or system fermentation of irritating；The fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed is decomposed by planting season and ferments, and the management phase sprays clear water, biogas slurry, and mineral extracts leachate, collects the organic fertilizer obtaining different content；
3) facility condition: booth planted agent carries out pasteurised completely process without exposed soil, fly net all standing to seedling raising greenhouse or shed；
4) seed selection and seed treatment: select disease-resistant, the kind of good stress resistance, first by seed dry in the sun 1-2h under the low light level, then seed is scalded with the hot water of about 50 DEG C and plant and be continuously agitated 10min, then use Seed soaking 1-3h, rub afterwash slightly to pull out, can sow.
The soilless planting method of a kind of organic Fructus Melo the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that nurturing staff: 1) nutrient matrix preparation is general in broadcasting first 2 months, and fully become thoroughly decomposed and mix thoroughly；Described organic seedling raising matrix composition is straw, chicken manure, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite；When stromal surface shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, keep the skin wet；When growth of cereal crop seedlings display fertility deficiency, impose the fertilizer of dilution；2) seedbed prepare: use 32-50 cave/dish hole tray, sequence in furrow face after being filled with fertilizer substrate, beat permeable after prepare sow；3) sowing: spraying saturating bed surface, monoseeding with water, upper cover 1cm is thick, then covering with plastic film；4), during seedling management 50% seed sprouting, the mulch film that bed surface covers is removed；Seedling age 20-25 days, 5-7 days gradually seedling exercising before field planting.
The soilless planting method of a kind of organic Fructus Melo the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that field planting: 1) field planting preparation, cultivation field should rise stubble as early as possible, cleaning-sterilizing, again organic substrate is updated, make the cultivating bed of wide 1.4m, between furrow, dig the cultivation ditch building out wide 40-50cm, the 7-10 days vexed canopies of buckle film before field planting simultaneously；2) field planting selects to have this varietal characteristic, has 4-6 sheet true leaf, and leaf color is dark green, without the strong sprout of pest and disease damage, selects successive clear dayies to open cave field planting by seeding row spacing 50cm × 40cm, finally in the ranks lays micro-irrigation flexible pipe in furrow face, and covering film also puts Seedling.
The soilless planting method of a kind of organic Fructus Melo the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that cultivation management: the Fructus Melo in the cultivation bed being planted in cultivation booth is carried out cultivation management, including irrigating, fertilising, Plant adjustment；Irrigate, use sprinkling irrigation and organic fertilizer alternate intersection to irrigate；Fertilising, uses organic fertilizer, and the concentration of fertilizer is carried out fuzzy quantitative；Organic fertilizer used meets regulation in organic products standard GB/T/T19630.1-2011；Plant adjustment, uses humiture control tomato production；According to weather and field water holding situation, water in conjunction with topdressing, before liquid fertilizer uses and after collection, can be planted experimentally in advance by liquid fertilizer fuzzy dynamic and plant, determine the suitable degree of liquid fertilizer concentration；It is beneficial to preferably recycle, it is ensured that cultivation matrix is in semi-wet state, beneficially root growth before bearing fruit, controls the growth of blade appropriateness；And topdress pour water after in time ventilation, reduce air humidity in canopy, fruit enters green ripe stage, and i.e. to control water control fertile.
The soilless planting method of a kind of organic Fructus Melo the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that cultivation management also includes temperature and humidity regulation, should the most suitably ventilate, keeps thermophilic management, reduces air humidity in canopy.
The soilless planting method of a kind of organic Fructus Melo the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that cultivation management also includes artificial or honeybee pollination.
The soilless planting method of a kind of organic Fructus Melo the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that use the comprehensive preventive health measures of the pest and disease damages such as sunshade net, Biological control, medical treatment.
The soilless planting method of a kind of Organic tomato the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that gather, far and near according to the market demand and transport road, select suitable collection period in fruit maturation different phase, gather and storage and transport process should be avoided secondary pollution；Gather and complete should clean rural area in time.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108605550A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2018-10-02 | 句容市绿润苗木有限公司 | Oriental cherry piece-root grafting propagation method |
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Application publication date: 20160831 |