CN105873782A - 电动车辆 - Google Patents

电动车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105873782A
CN105873782A CN201580003565.8A CN201580003565A CN105873782A CN 105873782 A CN105873782 A CN 105873782A CN 201580003565 A CN201580003565 A CN 201580003565A CN 105873782 A CN105873782 A CN 105873782A
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China
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
cell unit
vehicle
motor
shell
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Granted
Application number
CN201580003565.8A
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CN105873782B (zh
Inventor
永长秀男
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/22—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or type of main drive shafting, e.g. cardan shaft
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

为了既确保电动车辆的运动性能又稳定地支承燃料电池组，将燃料电池组(10)、电动发电机(13)以及电力调整器(EA)收容于在客厢(2)的车辆长度方向(VL)前方形成的收容室(3)内。将电动发电机(13)以及电力调整器(EA)收容于共用的底部外壳(5)内，将底部外壳配置于收容室的底部。在底部外壳的顶部形成有沿大致水平方向扩张的平坦的电池组支承面(SS)。将燃料电池组配置于外壳的上方，并且经由配置于电池组支承面上的支座(MS)并利用底部外壳对该燃料电池组进行支承。

Description

电动车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及电动车辆。
背景技术
公知有如下电动车辆，其将产生电力的燃料电池组、以及由来自燃料电池组的电力驱动的车辆驱动用电动马达收容于收容室内，该收容室形成于客厢的车辆长度方向前方(参照专利文献1)。在该电动车辆中，将燃料电池组配置于电动马达的上方。
专利文献1：日本特开2003－173790号公报
关于如何支承燃料电池组，在专利文献1中并未得到具体公开。然而，既确保电动车辆的运动性能又稳定地支承燃料电池组未必容易。
发明内容
根据本发明，提供一种电动车辆，该电动车辆将燃料电池组、车辆驱动用电动马达以及电力调整器收容于在客厢的车辆长度方向外侧形成的收容室内，其中，所述燃料电池组产生电力，所述车辆驱动用电动马达由来自燃料电池组的电力驱动，所述电力调整器对来自燃料电池组的电压或电流、或者向电动马达供给的电压或电流进行调整，将上述电动马达以及上述电力调整器收容于共用的外壳内、且将外壳配置于收容室的底部，在外壳的顶部形成有沿大致水平方向扩张的平坦的电池组支承面，将上述燃料电池组配置于上述外壳的上方，并且经由配置于上述电池组支承面上的支座并利用上述外壳对上述燃料电池组进行支承。
既能够确保电动车辆的运动性能又能够稳定地支承燃料电池组。
附图说明
图1是示出电动车辆的收容室内的各种要素的布局的、从侧方观察的概要图。
图2是示出电动车辆的收容室内的各种要素的布局的、从上方观察的概要图。
图3是示出电动车辆的收容室内的各种要素的布局的、从后方观察的概要图。
图4是燃料电池系统的整体图。
具体实施方式
参照图1至图3，电动车辆1具备：客厢2；以及收容室3，其形成于客厢2的车辆长度方向VL前方。在附图所示的实施例中，通过前围板(dash board)4而使收容室3从客厢2分离。或者，还能够认为由机罩3a、车身3b以及前围板4划分出收容室3。此外，在图1至图3中，VL表示车辆长度方向，VW表示车辆宽度方向，VH表示车辆高度方向。在此，车辆长度方向VL以及车辆宽度方向VW为水平方向，车辆高度方向VH为铅直方向。另一方面，电动车辆1具备图4所示那样的燃料电池系统A，并将燃料电池系统A的要素的一部分或者全部收容于收容室3内。
参照图4，燃料电池系统A具备燃料电池组10。燃料电池组10具备在层叠方向上相互层叠的多个燃料电池的单电池。各燃料电池的单电池包括膜电极接合体20。膜电极接合体20具备：膜状的电解质；阳极，其形成于电解质的一侧；以及阴极，其形成于电解质的另一侧。另外，在各燃料电池的单电池内分别形成有：燃料气体流通路，其用于向阳极供给燃料气体；氧化剂气体流通路，其用于向阴极供给氧化剂气体；以及冷却水流通路，其用于向燃料电池的单电池供给冷却水。将多个燃料电池的单电池的燃料气体流通路、氧化剂气体流通路、以及冷却水流通路分别以串联的方式连接，由此在燃料电池组10分别形成燃料气体通路30、氧化剂气体通路40以及冷却水通路50。
在燃料气体通路30的入口连结有燃料气体供给路31，燃料气体供给路31与燃料气体源32连结。在本发明所涉及的实施例中，燃料气体由氢气形成，燃料气体源32由氢气容器(tank)形成。在燃料气体供给路31内配置有燃料气体控制阀33，该燃料气体控制阀33对在燃料气体供给路31内流动的燃料气体的量进行控制。另一方面，阳极废气通路34与燃料气体通路30的出口连结。若燃料气体控制阀33打开，则燃料气体源32内的燃料气体经由燃料气体供给路31而供给至燃料电池组10内的燃料气体通路30内。此时从燃料气体通路30流出的气体即阳极废气流入阳极废气通路34内。在阳极废气通路34内配置有阳极废气控制阀35，该阳极废气控制阀35对在阳极废气通路34内流动的阳极废气的量进行控制。
另外，在氧化剂气体通路40的入口连结有氧化剂气体供给路41，氧化剂气体供给路41与氧化剂气体源42连结。在本发明所涉及的实施例中，氧化剂气体由空气形成，氧化剂气体源42由大气形成。在氧化剂气体供给路41内按顺序依次配置有空气滤清器42a、对氧化剂气体进行压送的氧化剂气体供给器以及压缩机43。另外，在压缩机43下游的氧化剂气体供给路41内配置有内部冷却器44，该内部冷却器44用于对从压缩机43向燃料电池组10输送的氧化剂气体进行冷却。在本发明所涉及的实施例中，内部冷却器44由具有空气通路、且因空气在空气通路内流通而对氧化剂气体进行冷却的风冷式内部冷却器构成。另一方面，阴极废气通路45与氧化剂气体通路40的出口连结。若压缩机43被驱动，则氧化剂气体源42内的氧化剂气体经由氧化剂气体供给路41而向燃料电池组10内的氧化剂气体通路40内供给。此时从氧化剂气体通路40流出的气体即阴极废气流入阴极废气通路45内。在阴极废气通路45内配置有阴极废气控制阀46，该阴极废气控制阀46对在阴极废气通路45内流动的阴极废气的量进行控制。
进一步参照图4，冷却水供给路51的一端与冷却水通路50的入口连结，冷却水供给路51的另一端与冷却水供给路51的出口连结。在冷却水供给路51内配置有对冷却水进行压送的冷却水泵52、以及散热器53。散热器53上游的冷却水供给路51、与散热器53和冷却水泵52之间的冷却水供给路51由散热器旁通通路54相互连结。另外，设置有对在散热器旁通通路54内流动的冷却水量进行控制的散热器旁通控制阀55。在图4所示的燃料电池系统A中，散热器旁通控制阀55由三通阀形成，并配置于散热器旁通通路54的入口。若冷却水泵52被驱动，则从冷却水泵52排出的冷却水经由冷却水供给路51而流入燃料电池组10内的冷却水通路50内，接下来从冷却水通路50通过而流入冷却水供给路51内，并经由散热器53或者散热器旁通通路54而返回至冷却水泵52。
另外，燃料电池的单电池的阳极以及阴极分别以串联的方式电连接而构成燃料电池组10的电极。如图4所示，燃料电池组10的电极与DC/DC变换器(convertor)11电连接。DC/DC变换器11在一侧经由逆变器(inverter)12而与电动发电机13电连接，并在另一侧经由DC/DC变换器14而与蓄电器15电连接。DC/DC变换器11用于提高来自燃料电池组10的电压并将其输送至逆变器12，逆变器12用于将来自DC/DC变换器11的直流电流转换为交流电流。DC/DC变换器14用于降低来自燃料电池组10或者电动发电机13的电压、或者提高向电动发电机13供给的电压。此外，在图4所示的燃料电池系统A中，蓄电器15由电池构成。
并且，燃料电池系统A具备包括计算机的控制单元60。控制单元60与电动发电机13、控制阀33等连接，基于来自控制单元60的信号而控制电动发电机13等。
当需要利用燃料电池组10发电时，将燃料气体控制阀33打开，将燃料气体向燃料电池组10供给。另外，压缩机43被驱动而使得氧化剂气体从压缩机43排出。该氧化剂气体接着被输送至内部冷却器44而被冷却，接着被供给至燃料电池组10。其结果，在燃料电池的单电池中引起电化学反应而产生电能。该产生的电能被输送至电动发电机13。其结果，电动发电机13作为车辆驱动用的电动马达而工作，由此将车辆驱动。或者，由燃料电池组10产生的电能被输送至蓄电器15并被蓄积。另一方面，例如在车辆制动时电动发电机13作为再生装置而工作，此时再生的电能被蓄积于蓄电器15。
此处，对附图所示的实施例的内部冷却器44进行简单说明。内部冷却器44具备外壳、供氧化剂气体流通的氧化剂气体通路、以及供空气流通的空气通路。氧化剂气体通路与上述氧化剂气体供给路41连通。另一方面，空气通路由配置于外壳内的间隔壁划分而成。该间隔壁形成为蜂窝结构。另外，间隔壁在其长度方向上从空气入口延伸至空气出口，空气入口以及空气出口与收容室3连通。上述氧化剂气体管以将间隔壁贯通的方式延伸。若空气被导入空气入口，则该空气在空气通路内流通，因此，在氧化剂气体通路内流通的氧化剂气体由空气冷却。
再次参照图1至图3，在收容室3的底部收容有底部外壳5。底部外壳5具有：变速驱动桥收容部分5t；马达收容部分5m，其设置于变速驱动桥收容部分5t的一侧；以及调整器收容部分5a，其设置于变速驱动桥收容部分5t的另一侧。上述变速驱动桥收容部分5t、马达收容部分5m以及调整器收容部分5a形成为一体。在变速驱动桥收容部分5t收容有变速驱动桥7，在马达收容部分5m收容有上述电动发电机13。另外，在调整器收容部分5a收容有后述的电力调整器EA。电动发电机13的输入输出轴经由上述变速驱动桥7而与前驱动轴DS连结。电动车辆1的驱动轴DS以将变速驱动桥收容部分5t贯通的方式沿车辆宽度方向VW延伸，在前驱动轴DS的两端安装有车轮W。特别地，如图2以及图3所示，变速驱动桥收容部分5t大致沿车辆长度方向VL配置于收容室3的车辆宽度方向VW的大致中央。因此，马达收容部分5m位于变速驱动桥收容部分5t的车辆宽度方向VW的一侧，调整器收容部分5a位于变速驱动桥收容部分5t的车辆宽度方向VW的另一侧。在该情况下，底部外壳5例如经由橡胶制的底部支座(mount)MB而由悬架部件(suspension member)6支承。在附图所示的实施例中，底部支座MB配置于如下3处部位：在变速驱动桥收容部分5t的下方且在车辆长度方向VL方向上分离的两处位置、以及马达收容部分5m的下方。
电力调整器EA对来自燃料电池组10的电压或电流、或者向电动发电机13供给的电压或电流进行调整。在附图所示的实施例中，电力调整器EA由DC/DC变换器11、逆变器12以及DC/DC变换器14构成。在其他实施例中，电力调整器EA由DC/DC变换器11、逆变器12以及DC/DC变换器14的至少一个构成。
特别是如图1所示，调整器收容部分5a具有在驱动轴DS的车辆高度方向VH上方沿大致水平方向扩张的扩张部分5ae。上述电力调整器EA收容于该扩张部分5ae。并且，在附图所示的实施例中，在电力调整器EA下方的调整器收容部分5a收容上述控制单元60。
并且，在底部外壳5的顶部形成有沿大致水平方向扩张的平坦的电池组支承面SS。在附图所示的实施例中，电池组支承面SS形成于马达收容部分5m的顶部以及调整器收容部分5a的顶部。在该情况下，在扩张部分5ae的顶部也形成有电池组支承面SS。在其他实施例中，电池组支承面SS形成于变速驱动桥收容部分5t的顶部、马达收容部分5m的顶部以及调整器收容部分5a的顶部中的至少两个顶部。
在底部外壳5的车辆高度方向VH上方配置有上述燃料电池组10。在该情况下，燃料电池组10经由配置于电池组支承面SS上的例如橡胶制的电池组支座MS而由底部外壳5支承。在附图所示的实施例中，电池组支座MS配置于如下3处部位：马达收容部分5m的顶面上、以及在调整器收容部分5a的顶面上且在车辆长度方向VL上分离的两处位置。另外，将燃料电池组10配置为使得燃料电池组10的长度方向指向车辆宽度方向VW、且燃料电池组10的宽度方向指向车辆长度方向VL。在该情况下，特别是根据图2以及图3可知，燃料电池组10配置于车辆宽度方向VW的大致中央。此外，在附图所示的实施例中，燃料电池组10的长度方向与单电池的层叠方向一致。
另外，在燃料电池组10的车辆长度方向VL前方，除了内部冷却器44之外，还配置有上述压缩机43以及空气滤清器42a。上述压缩机43以及空气滤清器42a在车辆宽度方向VW上排列配置。在空气滤清器42a的空气入口设置有未图示的空气管道。并且，在内部冷却器44、压缩机43以及空气滤清器42a的车辆长度方向VL前方配置有散热器53。
此外，图1至图3是概要图，例如在图3中省略了驱动轴DS的图示。
而且，在上述的本发明所涉及的实施例中，重量较大的电动发电机13配置于收容室3的底部，燃料电池组10由底部外壳5直接支承，因此车辆1的重心变低。其结果，车辆1的运动性能以及稳定性得到提高。同时，燃料电池组10支承于沿大致水平方向扩张的电池组支承面SS上，因此燃料电池组10被稳定地支承。并且，燃料电池组10经由电池组支座MS而由底部外壳5支承，因此无需用于支承燃料电池组10的特别的结构。另外，燃料电池组10的安装变得容易。
另外，电池组支承面SS平坦，因此燃料电池组10与底部外壳5之间的间隙变小。因此，能够有效地利用收容室3。
并且，在底部外壳5设置有在驱动轴DS的车辆高度方向VH上方扩张的扩张部分5ae，在该扩张部分5ae收容有电力调整器EA。因此，能够更有效地利用收容室3。
在本发明所涉及的其他实施例中，收容室3形成于客厢2的车辆长度方向VL后方。因此，在本发明中，收容室3形成于客厢2的车辆长度方向VL外侧。
在本发明所涉及的另一其他实施例中，内部冷却器44由水冷式内部冷却器构成。即，上述空气通路构成冷却水通路，冷却水通路的冷却水入口以及冷却水出口与上述冷却水供给路51连结，冷却水在冷却水通路内流通。
本申请主张日本专利申请第2014－034544号的权利，并在此援引其所有公开内容。
附图标记说明：
1…电动车辆；2…客厢；3…收容室；5…底部外壳；10…燃料电池组；13…电动发电机；EA…电力调整器；SS…电池组支承面。

Claims (4)

1.一种电动车辆，该电动车辆将燃料电池组、车辆驱动用电动马达以及电力调整器收容于收容室内，所述燃料电池组产生电力，所述车辆驱动用电动马达由来自所述燃料电池组的电力驱动，所述电力调整器对来自燃料电池组的电压或电流、或者向电动马达供给的电压或电流进行调整，所述收容室形成于客厢的车辆长度方向外侧，其中，
将所述电动马达以及所述电力调整器收容于共用的外壳内、且将该外壳配置于收容室的底部，
在该外壳的顶部形成有沿大致水平方向扩张的平坦的电池组支承面，
将所述燃料电池组配置于所述外壳的上方，并且经由配置于所述电池组支承面上的支座并利用所述外壳对所述燃料电池组进行支承。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电动车辆，其中，
所述电动车辆的变速驱动桥也收容于所述外壳内，所述外壳具备：变速驱动桥收容部分，其对所述变速驱动桥进行收容；马达收容部分，其对所述电动马达进行收容；以及调整器收容部分，其对所述电力调整器进行收容，所述变速驱动桥收容部分配置于所述收容室的车辆宽度方向的大致中央，所述马达收容部分配置于所述变速驱动桥收容部分的车辆宽度方向的一侧，所述调整器收容部分配置于所述变速驱动桥收容部分的车辆宽度方向的另一侧，在所述马达收容部分的顶部以及所述调整器收容部分的顶部形成有所述电池组支承面。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电动车辆，其中，
所述电动车辆具有驱动轴，该驱动轴以将所述外壳贯通的方式在所述收容室内沿车辆宽度方向延伸，所述调整器收容部分包括在所述驱动轴的上方沿大致水平方向扩张的扩张部分，在该扩张部分的顶部形成有所述电池组支承面。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的电动车辆，其中，
所述电力调整器包括变换器以及逆变器中的一方或者双方，所述变换器用于提高由所述燃料电池组产生的电压，所述逆变器用于将由所述燃料电池组产生的直流电流转换为交流电流。
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