CN105830894A - Soilless culture medium for maize - Google Patents
Soilless culture medium for maize Download PDFInfo
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- CN105830894A CN105830894A CN201610456345.7A CN201610456345A CN105830894A CN 105830894 A CN105830894 A CN 105830894A CN 201610456345 A CN201610456345 A CN 201610456345A CN 105830894 A CN105830894 A CN 105830894A
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- maize
- soilless culture
- semen maydis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a soilless culture medium for maize. The soilless culture medium for the maize is prepared from a conch, peel, plant ash, a zanthoxylum bungeanum seed, garlic skin, a cherry leaf, a bone, a vermiculite and peat. By using the soilless culture medium for the maize, plant diseases and insect pests can be effectively prevented and killed without using a pesticide; the produced maize is natural and healthy; moreover, the growth vigor and the yield of the maize are quicker than the growth vigor and higher than the yield of maize planted in conventional soil; a grain of the maize is fuller and is brighter in color and luster; moreover, the soilless culture medium for the maize cannot be influenced by the environmental requirement of the maize, is not limited by an area; the maize can be planted in all places; the solving of a foodstuff problem is facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of soilless culture substrate, refer in particular to a kind of Semen Maydis soilless culture substrate.
Background technology
Soilless culture be a kind of nutritional solution used without natural soil containing growth and development of plants indispensable element to provide nutrition, make plant normally complete the cultivation technique of whole life cycle.In cultivation technique without soil, a kind of eurythmy, the nutritional solution that concentration is appropriate can be provided for plant, be that cultivation is the most crucial.
Semen Maydis is a kind of cereal crops, and it is grown in the environment of alkalescence or neutrality, therefore in the suitable corn growth of weakly alkaline soil.Existing Semen Maydis uses soil to plant mostly, but it is difficult to prevent and kill pest and disease damage when soil is planted, and uses pesticide deinsectization evil, not only causes the pesticide of residual in the pollution to environment, and crops and can have a strong impact on the healthy of the people；And owing to Semen Maydis also limit the planting area of Semen Maydis to the requirement of weakly alkaline environment, limit its development.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of Semen Maydis soilless culture substrate, and its main purpose is to overcome the plantation of existing Semen Maydis to be difficult to prevent and kill pest and disease damage and have the defect of region limits.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that
A kind of Semen Maydis soilless culture substrate, component according to the following percentages by weight is mixed: shell 30～40%, peel 10～20%, plant ash 20～30%, Semen Pericarpium Zanthoxyli 2～5%, garlic skin 1～3%, Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi leaf 5～10%, bone 2～5%, Vermiculitum 2～5%, peat 10～20%.
Further, component according to the following percentages by weight is mixed: shell 34%, peel 15%, plant ash 22%, Semen Pericarpium Zanthoxyli 2.5%, garlic skin 1.5%, Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi leaf 7%, bone 3%, Vermiculitum 3%, peat 12%.
Further, described shell includes Concha Ostreae, clam shell.
Further, described peel includes Pericarpium Mali pumilae, Pericarpium Pyri, orange peel.
Further, described bone includes Os Gallus domesticus, duck bone, Os Sus domestica, Os Bovis seu Bubali, fishbone.
Further, described peel is the peel processed by fermentation.
Further, described bone is to break the bone after cleaning into pieces.
Compared to the prior art, what the present invention produced has the beneficial effects that:
1, the present invention uses shell, owing to Concha Ostreae, clam shell belong to alkalescence, containing the various trace elements needed for the Semen Maydiss such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, the acidity in substrate also can be neutralized, thus be the nutrient of acidic matrix and optimal modifying agent, making this programme mesostroma is that alkalescence is suitable for corn growth；And Concha Ostreae, clam shell can also increase the breathing of the permeability of substrate, beneficially Zea mays root.
2, using peel in the present invention, Pericarpium Mali pumilae, Pericarpium Pyri, orange peel are all the fertilizers of high-quality, include the various trace elements such as the calcium needed for corn growth, phosphorus, the most cost-effective, the most beneficially environmental protection.
3, using plant ash in the present invention, plant ash is the ashes after burning plants, so being the mineral element contained by all plants, nearly all contains in plant ash.What wherein content was most is potassium element, typically containing potassium 6 12%, wherein 90% is above water solublity, exists with carbonate form；Next to that phosphorus, general containing 1.5 3%；Possibly together with the micronutrient element such as calcium, magnesium, silicon, sulfur and ferrum, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum；Plant ash light weight and in alkalescence, is conducive to the acidity neutralized in substrate to make this programme mesostroma be that alkalescence is suitable for corn growth；It addition, plant ash to killing Pyrausta nubilalis (Hubern)., this class pest of maize aphids has special effect, it easily blocks the spiracle of Pyrausta nubilalis (Hubern)., maize aphids so that it is be choked to death.Therefore employing plant ash can effectively pest control.
4, using Semen Pericarpium Zanthoxyli in the present invention, Semen Pericarpium Zanthoxyli contains a large amount of xanthoxylin, fagarine and a large amount of protein, and containing the multiple trace element that can be fully absorbed by crops such as potassium, manganese, Seedling corn growth, fertilizer efficiency can be promoted long, improve corn quality and nutrient content, the most applicable to corn planting.It addition, Semen Pericarpium Zanthoxyli also has kills maize aphids, effect of this kind of common Semen Maydis insect pest of armyworm, it it is natural insecticide.
5, using garlic skin in the present invention, garlic skin can be prevented eliminating aphis, this kind of Corn diseases and insect pests of red spider, the beneficially healthy growth of Semen Maydis, and also has the trace element needed for calcium, phosphorus, these corn growths of ferrum in garlic skin.
6, using Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi leaf in the present invention, Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi leaf is except containing the trace element needed for ferrum, calcium, this kind of corn growth of phosphorus, moreover it is possible to effectively kill maize aphids.
7, the present invention uses bone, because Os Gallus domesticus, duck bone, Os Sus domestica, Os Bovis seu Bubali, fishbone are respectively provided with abundant P elements and calcium constituent, and have the trace element such as zinc, manganese, copper, it it is all element necessary to corn growth, therefore use bone the most cost-effective, the most beneficially environmental protection.
8, using Vermiculitum in the present invention, the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of Vermiculitum is the highest, reaches 100mmol/100g, and containing nutrients such as more potassium, calcium, magnesium, these nutrients are that Semen Maydis can absorb, and belong to available nutrient；And the absorbability of Vermiculitum is very strong, and the Vermiculitum of every cubic metre can absorb the water of 100～650kg.
9, using peat in the present invention, owing to peat unit weight is less, water suction, aeration are preferable, typically can be equivalent to the moisture of himself weight more than 10 times by sticking, be suitable to do the soilless culture substrate of crops.
10, the present invention need not use pesticide, just can effectively prevent and kill pest and disease damage, the Semen Maydis natural health of output, and the growing way of Semen Maydis and yield compared to traditional soil plantation growing way faster, yield higher, corn kernel is fuller, color and luster is more bright-coloured；And will not be affected by Semen Maydis environmental requirement, not by region limits, each place all can be planted, and contributes to solving food problem.
Detailed description of the invention
The detailed description of the invention of the present invention is described below.
A kind of Semen Maydis soilless culture substrate, component according to the following percentages by weight is mixed: shell 30～40%, peel 10～20%, plant ash 20～30%, Semen Pericarpium Zanthoxyli 2～5%, garlic skin 1～3%, Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi leaf 5～10%, bone 2～5%, Vermiculitum 2～5%, peat 10～20%.Wherein, component according to the following percentages by weight is mixed: shell 34%, peel 15%, plant ash 22%, Semen Pericarpium Zanthoxyli 2.5%, garlic skin 1.5%, Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi leaf 7%, bone 3%, Vermiculitum 3%, peat 12% best results.Additionally, in this substrate in addition to above-mentioned fertilizer, also can add a small amount of magnesium sulfate [MgSO4 7H2O], boric acid [H3BO3], manganese sulfate [MnSO4 4H2O or MnSO4 H2O] these inorganic fertilizers, in order to sulfur, boron, manganese, the deficiency of these trace element of magnesium in supplementary substrate.
In the present invention, shell includes Concha Ostreae, clam shell, can be the one in Concha Ostreae, clam shell, or both are used in mixed way, and but be not limited to that Concha Ostreae and clam shell, it is also possible to for other shells.Owing to Concha Ostreae, clam shell belong to alkalescence, containing the various trace elements needed for the Semen Maydiss such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, also can neutralize the acidity in substrate, thus be the nutrient of acidic matrix and optimal modifying agent, making this programme mesostroma is that alkalescence is suitable for corn growth；And Concha Ostreae, clam shell can also increase the breathing of the permeability of substrate, beneficially Zea mays root.Further, since Concha Ostreae, clam shell are not easily recycled, it are made full use of and makes substrate, environment friendliness.
Peel in the present invention includes Pericarpium Mali pumilae, Pericarpium Pyri, orange peel, can be the one in Pericarpium Mali pumilae, Pericarpium Pyri, orange peel, or be used in mixed way, but be not limited to that Pericarpium Mali pumilae, Pericarpium Pyri, orange peel, it is also possible to for other peels, such as Pericarpium Musae, Exocarpium Citrulli etc..Owing to Pericarpium Mali pumilae, Pericarpium Pyri, orange peel are all the fertilizers of high-quality, include the various trace elements such as the calcium needed for corn growth, phosphorus, the most cost-effective, the most beneficially environmental protection.It addition, peel should first pass through fermentation process before doing substrate, peel can be put in jar or box by fermentation process, then pours tap water in jar or box, then puts some sugar, can use after placing 3 to 6 months.And orange peel just can also use after soaking one week in steeping the hot water of 40 DEG C to 45 DEG C.
Plant ash is the ashes after burning plants, so being the mineral element contained by all plants, nearly all contains in plant ash.What wherein content was most is potassium element, typically containing potassium 6 12%, wherein 90% is above water solublity, exists with carbonate form；Next to that phosphorus, general containing 1.5 3%；Possibly together with the micronutrient element such as calcium, magnesium, silicon, sulfur and ferrum, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum；Plant ash light weight and in alkalescence, is conducive to the acidity neutralized in substrate to make this programme mesostroma be that alkalescence is suitable for corn growth；It addition, plant ash to killing Pyrausta nubilalis (Hubern)., this class pest of maize aphids has special effect, it easily blocks the spiracle of Pyrausta nubilalis (Hubern)., maize aphids so that it is be choked to death.Therefore employing plant ash can effectively pest control.Maize aphids can endanger multiple gramineous crop and weeds.If seedling stage, to become aphid aphid to be clustered in lobus cardiacus harm, endangers fringe portion, absorbs juice, hinder growth after heading, moreover it is possible to propagate multiple graminaceous cereals virus.Pollen is clung by its secretions, affects loose powder.In addition can also propagate maize dwarf mosaic virus sick, cause the underproduction in various degree；Pyrausta nubilalis (Hubern). is commonly called as borer, belongs to Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, is the Major Pests of Semen Maydis.It can endanger milpa each position on the ground.Typically there is 2-4 generation in 1 year in Pyrausta nubilalis (Hubern)., temperature is high, height above sea level is low, and generation is more.Adult nocturnalism, ability of circling in the air is strong, has phototaxis, 5-10 days life-span, like liftoff more than 50 centimetres, the more luxuriant Zhong Mai both sides, the leaf of Semen Maydis back side of growth lay eggs.After larva hatches, flock together at the beginning, after plant children tender portion creep, start harm.Newly hatched larvae, can weave silk sagging, descends slowly and lightly to adjacent strain by means of wind-force, is formed and turns strain harm.
Semen Pericarpium Zanthoxyli contains a large amount of xanthoxylin, fagarine and a large amount of protein, and containing the multiple trace element that can be fully absorbed by crops such as potassium, manganese, it is possible to rush Seedling corn growth, fertilizer efficiency are long, improve corn quality and nutrient content, the most applicable to corn planting.It addition, Semen Pericarpium Zanthoxyli also has kills maize aphids, effect of this kind of common Semen Maydis insect pest of armyworm, it it is natural insecticide.Semen Pericarpium Zanthoxyli also has the effect of improvement substrate, the improvement of matrix environment, shows in growing way and the yield of crop, and the benign cycle forming natural, ecological is widely used in the crops such as cereal crops, vegetable melon and fruit, industrial crops and flowers lawn.Can stably increase yield, improve crop quality and nutrient content, reduce disease, promote early ripening of the crops, improve microorganism system and physical arrangement, be obviously enhanced the market competitiveness of agricultural product, increase income.Armyworm is commonly called as the five colours worm, wheat silkworm, belongs to Lepidoptera Noctuidae.Being the primary pest of cereal crops and pasture crop, harm Semen Maydis is serious.Armyworm is a kind of polyphagy, animal migration, fulminating insect.The generation of armyworm and temperature, humidity have substantial connection.General Adult worms producting eggs optimum temperature is 19-25 DEG C, lays eggs impacted for more than 30 DEG C.Additionally humidity is the biggest, is more conducive to Adult worms producting eggs, particularly under the weather conditions of rain or shine staggered, rainy high humidity, is not only advantageous to Adult worms producting eggs, and beneficially the hatching of ovum and larva survive growth.
Garlic skin can be prevented eliminating aphis, this kind of Corn diseases and insect pests of red spider, the beneficially healthy growth of Semen Maydis, and also has the trace element needed for calcium, phosphorus, these corn growths of ferrum in garlic skin.Red spider can endanger various crop, if to become demodicid mite and demodicid mite thorn to inhale host's blade back tissue juice, killed blade is white and withered by xanthochromia, affects Semen Maydis Filling velocity, causes mass of 1000 kernel to decline, causes the underproduction.
Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi leaf is except containing the trace element needed for ferrum, calcium, this kind of corn growth of phosphorus, moreover it is possible to effectively kill maize aphids.
Bone in the present invention includes Os Gallus domesticus, duck bone, Os Sus domestica, Os Bovis seu Bubali, fishbone, can be the one in Os Gallus domesticus, duck bone, Os Sus domestica, Os Bovis seu Bubali, fishbone, or be used in mixed way, but be not limited to that Os Gallus domesticus, duck bone, Os Sus domestica, Os Bovis seu Bubali, fishbone, can also be bone, such as Os Caprae seu Ovis, frontal bone etc..Because Os Gallus domesticus, duck bone, Os Sus domestica, Os Bovis seu Bubali, fishbone are respectively provided with abundant P elements and calcium constituent, and have the trace element such as zinc, manganese, copper, it is all element necessary to corn growth, therefore uses bone the most cost-effective, the most beneficially environmental protection.It addition, bone should first be broken into pieces and clean before the use, mosquito proof.
Vermiculitum is mica group silicoide, and its granule is made up of many parallel tablets, containing a small amount of moisture between lamella.The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of Vermiculitum is the highest, reaches 100mmol/100g, and containing nutrients such as more potassium, calcium, magnesium, these nutrients are that Semen Maydis can absorb, and belong to available nutrient；And the absorbability of Vermiculitum is very strong, and the Vermiculitum of every cubic metre can absorb the water of 100～650kg.
Peat the most almost every country has distribution, but is distributed the most uneven, is mainly distributed as many with the north, and peat quality that northern China is produced is preferable, and this is relevant with northern geography and weather conditions.Because north rainwater is less, temperature is relatively low, and Litter Decomposition speed is slower；On the contrary, southern high-temperature is rainy, and Litter Decomposition is very fast, only has a small amount of formation at low-lying land, seldom has large-area peat distribution.Owing to peat unit weight is less, water suction, aeration are preferable, typically can be equivalent to the moisture of himself weight more than 10 times by sticking, be suitable to do the soilless culture substrate of crops.
The present invention need not use pesticide, it is possible to effectively prevents and kill pest and disease damage, the Semen Maydis natural health of output, and the growing way of Semen Maydis and yield compared to traditional soil plantation growing way faster, yield higher, corn kernel is fuller, color and luster is more bright-coloured；And will not be affected by Semen Maydis environmental requirement, not by region limits, each place all can be planted, and contributes to solving food problem.
Embodiment one:
A kind of Semen Maydis soilless culture substrate, component according to the following percentages by weight is mixed: shell 40%, peel 10%, plant ash 25%, Semen Pericarpium Zanthoxyli 2%, garlic skin 1%, Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi leaf 6%, bone 3%, Vermiculitum 3%, peat 10%.
The Semen Maydis using the present embodiment plantation shortens 8% compared to conventional soil implantation methods, output increased 6%, period of maturation.
Embodiment two:
A kind of Semen Maydis soilless culture substrate, component according to the following percentages by weight is mixed: shell 34%, peel 15%, plant ash 22%, Semen Pericarpium Zanthoxyli 2.5%, garlic skin 1.5%, Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi leaf 7%, bone 3%, Vermiculitum 3%, peat 12%.
The Semen Maydis using the present embodiment plantation shortens 12% compared to conventional soil implantation methods, output increased 10%, period of maturation.
Embodiment three:
A kind of Semen Maydis soilless culture substrate, component according to the following percentages by weight is mixed: shell 30%, peel 18%, plant ash 28%, Semen Pericarpium Zanthoxyli 3%, garlic skin 2%, Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi leaf 5%, bone 2%, Vermiculitum 2%, peat 10%.
The Semen Maydis using the present embodiment plantation shortens 7% compared to conventional soil implantation methods, output increased 7%, period of maturation.
Above are only the detailed description of the invention of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, all changes utilizing this design that the present invention carries out unsubstantiality, the behavior invading scope all should be belonged to.
Claims (7)
1. a Semen Maydis soilless culture substrate, it is characterized in that, component according to the following percentages by weight is mixed: shell 30～40%, peel 10～20%, plant ash 20～30%, Semen Pericarpium Zanthoxyli 2～5%, garlic skin 1～3%, Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi leaf 5～10%, bone 2～5%, Vermiculitum 2～5%, peat 10～20%.
2. a kind of Semen Maydis soilless culture substrate, it is characterised in that: component according to the following percentages by weight is mixed: shell 34%, peel 15%, plant ash 22%, Semen Pericarpium Zanthoxyli 2.5%, garlic skin 1.5%, Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi leaf 7%, bone 3%, Vermiculitum 3%, peat 12%.
3. a kind of Semen Maydis soilless culture substrate, it is characterised in that: described shell includes Concha Ostreae, clam shell.
4. a kind of Semen Maydis soilless culture substrate, it is characterised in that: described peel includes Pericarpium Mali pumilae, Pericarpium Pyri, orange peel.
5. a kind of Semen Maydis soilless culture substrate, it is characterised in that: described bone includes Os Gallus domesticus, duck bone, Os Sus domestica, Os Bovis seu Bubali, fishbone.
6. a kind of Semen Maydis soilless culture substrate, it is characterised in that: described peel is the peel processed by fermentation.
7. a kind of Semen Maydis soilless culture substrate, it is characterised in that: described bone is to break the bone after cleaning into pieces.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN107409982A (en) * | 2017-05-07 | 2017-12-01 | 青岛绿锦和环境保护有限公司 | A kind of plant walls matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN107820877A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-03-23 | 芜湖县石坝土鸡养殖有限公司 | A kind of plant cuttage propagation method using quartz sand as matrix |
| CN108668841A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-10-19 | 蚌埠市淮民稻田养虾农民专业合作社 | A kind of lotus rhizome soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN109769655A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2019-05-21 | 丹阳市珥陵镇小潘园茭白专业合作社 | A kind of corn compost |
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| CN108668841A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-10-19 | 蚌埠市淮民稻田养虾农民专业合作社 | A kind of lotus rhizome soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20160810 |
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