CN105796881A - 一种含有艾叶的治疗脓毒症的药物组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种含有艾叶的治疗脓毒症的药物组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于中药领域,涉及一种含有艾叶的治疗脓毒症的药物组合物及其制备方法,所述的药物组合物主要由以下重量份数的原料制备而成:艾叶16‑22份、金荞麦17‑22份、芙蓉叶12‑18份、椿叶10‑16份、山银花12‑17份、雪三七7‑13份、皂角刺9‑14份、木香5‑11份、荔枝叶7‑12份、桑寄生4‑8份、黄柏6‑11份、黄精3‑8份和甘草7‑11份。本发明药物组合物均为中草药,具有泻火解毒、消痈排脓、清热凉血、散瘀止痛的作用,在抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎、调节免疫方面有显著疗效。本发明药物组合物用于治疗脓毒症疗效确切、见效快,安全无毒副作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药领域,具体涉及一种含有艾叶的治疗脓毒症的药物组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
全身炎症反应综合征是由感染和非感染因素所致全身炎症反应的总称,是导致多器官功能障碍综合征主要发病基础,属临床危重症,病死率高。其中由感染引起的全身炎症反应综合征称为脓毒症,即脓毒血症,是因感染或有高度可疑感染灶引起的全身性严重反应,常发生在有严重疾病的患者中,可以由任何部位的感染引起,是严重创(烧、战)伤、休克、感染、外科大手术、重型急性胰腺炎等临床危重患者常见的并发症,严重时可导致脓毒症休克、多脏器功能障碍综合征、急性呼吸窘迫综合征。脓毒症也常见于有慢性疾病的患者如糖尿病、慢性阻塞性支气管、白血病、再生障碍型贫血和尿路结石。脓毒症患者最常见的症状有发热、心动过速、呼吸急促和外周血白细胞增加。由于脓毒症来势凶猛,病情进展迅速,且具有发病率高、致死率高、治疗费用高的特点。据国外流行病学调查显示,脓毒症的病死率已经超过心肌梗死,成为重症监护病房内非心脏病人死亡的主要原因。
“脓毒症”一词在古老的中医发展过程中并未出现过,但是中医数千年的发展就是在很大程度上研究脓毒症的过程。《黄帝内经》中有大量关于脓毒症的记载,《内经》云:“邪之所凑,其气必虚”,“阴平阳秘,精神乃治,阴阳离决,精气乃绝”指出其发病的根本原因在于正气的不足,气阴两伤,脏真受损,阳脱阴竭。西医认为脓毒症的病因涉及到复杂的全身炎症网络效应、基因多态性、免疫功能障碍、凝血功能异常、组织损伤以及宿主对不同感染病原微生物及其毒素的异常反应等多个方面,与机体多系统、多器官病理生理改变密切相关。
尽管目前对脓毒症的发病机制已有部分了解,但是在治疗上仍未取得重大突破。目前已用于临床的各种治疗方案在一定程度上提高了脓毒症的治愈率,如液体复苏、广谱抗生素、机械通气、糖皮质激素、强化胰岛素治疗和重组人类活化蛋白C等,但是严重脓毒症的死亡率仍居高不下。其中一个重要的原因就是这些治疗过分夸大了单一介质在脓毒症炎症过程中的作用,忽略了整个机体的促炎与抗炎的平衡机制和免疫功能状态并从整体的观点出发整合脓毒症的治疗策略,且临床上抗生素在不断升级,使用越来越规范,但临床耐药菌株的种类、耐药性、正常菌群失调及二重感染等的发生率却在不断增加。而中医药具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎、调节免疫、耐药率低及副作用少等特点,故中医药在脓毒症治疗中的应用越来越广泛,越来越多的专业人士认为,运用中医药预防、阻断和治疗脓毒症是今后的一个重要研究方向。
中国专利申请CN104873911A公开了一种辅助治疗脓毒症的内服中药,由人参、黄芪、石膏、知母、白术、茯苓、木香、砂仁、半夏、陈皮、大黄、枳实、厚朴、金银花、连翘、虎杖、栀子、黄芩、蝉衣、僵蚕、升麻、石菖蒲、郁金、芦根、麦冬、玄参和炙甘草按一定重量比配制而成,该药物可一定程度上提高脓毒症治疗的有效率,但疗效个体差异较大,且药物成分复杂,质量难以控制,药物成本过高。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中存在的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种含有艾叶的治疗脓毒症的药物组合物。
为实现本发明的目的,本发明人依据中医理论的研究及临床反复的试验和验证,提供了一种含有艾叶的治疗脓毒症的药物组合物,主要由以下重量份数的原料制备而成:
艾叶16-22份、金荞麦17-22份、芙蓉叶12-18份、椿叶10-16份、山银花12-17份、雪三七7-13份、皂角刺9-14份、木香5-11份、荔枝叶7-12份、桑寄生4-8份、黄柏6-11份、黄精3-8份和甘草7-11份。
优选地,本发明所述的含有艾叶的治疗脓毒症的药物组合物主要由以下重量份数的原料制备而成:
艾叶16份、金荞麦17份、芙蓉叶12份、椿叶10份、山银花12份、雪三七7份、皂角刺9份、木香5份、荔枝叶7份、桑寄生4份、黄柏6份、黄精3份和甘草7份。
进一步优选地,本发明所述的含有艾叶的治疗脓毒症的药物组合物主要由以下重量份数的原料制备而成:
艾叶19份、金荞麦19份、芙蓉叶15份、椿叶13份、山银花14份、雪三七10份、皂角刺23份、木香8份、荔枝叶9份、桑寄生6份、黄柏9份、黄精5份和甘草9份。
更进一步优选地,本发明所述的含有艾叶的治疗脓毒症的药物组合物主要由以下重量份数的原料制备而成:
艾叶22份、金荞麦22份、芙蓉叶18份、椿叶16份、山银花17份、雪三七13份、皂角刺14份、木香11份、荔枝叶12份、桑寄生8份、黄柏11份、黄精8份和甘草11份。
本发明药物组合物所用中药材的来源、性味、归经及功效:
艾叶:本品为菊科植物艾的干燥叶。味辛、苦;性温。归肝、脾、肾经。散寒止痛,温经止血,用于吐血,衄血;外治皮肤瘙痒。
金荞麦:本品为蓼科植物金荞麦的干燥根茎。味微辛、涩;性凉。归肺经。清热解毒,排脓祛瘀。用于肺脓疡,麻疹肺炎,扁桃体周围脓肿。
芙蓉叶:本品为锦葵科植物木芙蓉的叶。味微辛;性凉。归肺、肝经。清肺凉血,消肿排脓。用于肺热咳嗽、肥厚性鼻炎、淋巴结炎、阑尾炎、痈疖脓肿、急性中耳炎、烧伤、烫伤。
椿叶:本品为楝科植物香椿的叶。味苦;性平。归心、脾、大肠经。消炎,解毒,杀虫。治肠炎,痢疾,疔,疽,漆疮。疥疮,白秃。
山银花:本品为忍冬科植物忍冬、红腺忍冬、山银花(毛萼忍冬)或毛花柱忍冬的干燥花蕾或带初开的花。味甘;性寒。归肺、心、胃经。清热解毒,凉散风热。用于痈肿疔疮,喉痹,丹毒,热毒血痢,风热感冒,温病发热。
雪三七:本品为蓼科雪三七的根。味苦、涩;性寒。归脾、肝经。活血止血,消炎止痛。主治外伤出血,跌打损伤,痢疾。
皂角刺:本品为豆科植物皂荚的干燥棘刺。味辛;性温。归肝、胃经。消肿托毒,排脓,杀虫。用于痈疽初起或脓成不溃;外治疥癣麻风。
木香:本品为菊科植物木香的干燥根。味辛、苦;性温。归脾、胃、大肠、三焦、胆经。行气止痛,健脾消食。用于胸脘胀痛,泻痢后重,食积不消,不思饮食。
荔枝叶:本品为无患子科植物荔枝的枝叶。味辛、苦;性凉。归心经。除湿解毒。主烂疮;湿疹。
桑寄生:本品为桑寄生科植物桑寄生的干燥带叶茎枝。味苦、甘;性平。归肝、肾经。补肝肾,强筋骨,祛风湿,安胎元。用于风湿痹痛,腰膝酸软,筋骨无力,崩漏经多,妊娠漏血,胎动不安;高血压。
黄柏:本品为芸香科植物黄皮树或黄檗的干燥树皮。味苦;性寒。归肾、膀胱经。清热,燥湿,泻火,解毒。治热痢,泄泻,消渴,黄疸,痔疮,便血,目赤肿痛,疮疡肿毒。
黄精:本品为百合科植物滇黄精、黄精或多花黄精的干燥根茎。味甘;性平。归脾、肺、肾经。补气养阴,健脾,润肺,益肾。用于脾胃虚弱,体倦乏力,口干食少,肺虚燥咳,精血不足,内热消渴。
楮实:本品为桑科植物构树的果实。味甘;性寒。归肝,脾、肾经。滋肾,清肝,明目。治虚劳,目昏,目翳,水气浮肿。
甘草:本品为豆科植物甘草、胀果甘草或光果甘草的干燥根。味甘;性平。归经,归心、肺、脾、胃经。补脾益气,清热解毒,缓急止痛,调和诸药,用于脾胃虚弱,倦怠乏力,心悸气短,咳嗽痰多,脘腹、四肢挛急疼痛,痈肿疮毒,缓解药物毒性、烈性。
本发明中药的组方分析:
依据中医对治疗脓毒症的辨证和中药材的配伍理论,结合现代人的身体素质和现代制药技术的特点,合理科学的搭配各味药材,形成本发明中药组方。本发明组方是以艾叶、金荞麦和芙蓉叶为君药,清热解毒、排脓祛瘀;以椿叶、山银花、雪三七和皂角刺为臣药,活血止血、消炎止痛、消肿排脓;以木香、荔枝叶、桑寄生、黄柏和黄精为佐药清热,燥湿泻火、清热解毒;以甘草为使药,补脾益气、调和诸药;君臣佐使诸药配合,协同促进,相辅相成,最终达到泻火解毒、消痈排脓、清热凉血、散瘀止痛的作用,在抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎、调节免疫方面有显著疗效,用于治疗脓毒症安全有效。
相应的,本发明还提供一种本发明所述的含有艾叶的治疗脓毒症的药物组合物的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
(1)取处方量上述中药材,加入6-10倍量水浸泡1-3小时,武火煎煮沸腾45-60分钟,再用文火煎煮1-3小时;过滤,滤渣加入4-6倍量水,武火煎煮沸腾30-45分钟,再用文火煎煮1-2小时;过滤,合并两次滤液,滤液浓缩至60℃环境下相对密度为1.20-1.30的稠膏,减压干燥,粉碎后过100-200目筛,得到均匀的细粉;备用;
(2)将步骤(1)制成的细粉加入辅料混合均匀后利用现代通用的制剂技术制备成成品中药制剂,如颗粒剂、片剂、胶囊剂、丸剂、口服液或散剂等,方便患者携带和使用。
本发明药物组合物,源于我国中医药理论和现代药理的研究成果,经过药效学实验研究,证明其在治疗脓毒症方面疗效确切,无不良反应,有泻火解毒、消痈排脓、清热凉血、散瘀止痛的作用,在抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎、调节免疫方面有显著疗效。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例进一步描述本发明,本发明不仅仅限于以下实施例。在本发明的范围内或者在不脱离本发明的内容、精神和范围内,对本发明进行的变更、组合或替换,对于本领域的技术人员来说是显而易见的,均包含在本发明的范围之内。
实施例1
本发明实施例1药物组合物主要由以下重量份数的原料制备而成:
艾叶16份、金荞麦17份、芙蓉叶12份、椿叶10份、山银花12份、雪三七7份、皂角刺9份、木香5份、荔枝叶7份、桑寄生4份、黄柏6份、黄精3份和甘草7份。
制备方法:
(1)取处方量上述中药材,加入8倍量水浸泡2小时,武火煎煮沸腾45分钟,再用文火煎煮2小时;过滤,滤渣加入5倍量水,武火煎煮沸腾30分钟,再用文火煎煮1小时;过滤,合并两次滤液,滤液浓缩至60℃环境下相对密度为1.25的稠膏,减压干燥,粉碎后过200目筛,得到均匀的细粉;备用;
(2)将步骤(1)制成的细粉加入辅料混合均匀后利用现代通用的制剂技术制成片剂。
实施例2
本发明实施例2药物组合物由以下重量份数的原料制备而成:
艾叶19份、金荞麦19份、芙蓉叶15份、椿叶13份、山银花14份、雪三七10份、皂角刺23份、木香8份、荔枝叶9份、桑寄生6份、黄柏9份、黄精5份和甘草9份。
制备方法:同实施例1。
实施例3
本发明实施例3药物组合物由以下重量份数的原料制备而成:
艾叶22份、金荞麦22份、芙蓉叶18份、椿叶16份、山银花17份、雪三七13份、皂角刺14份、木香11份、荔枝叶12份、桑寄生8份、黄柏11份、黄精8份和甘草11份。
制备方法:同实施例1。
实施例4
本发明实施例4药物组合物由以下重量份数的原料制备而成:
艾叶17份、金荞麦18份、芙蓉叶13份、椿叶11份、山银花13份、雪三七8份、皂角刺10份、木香6份、荔枝叶8份、桑寄生5份、黄柏7份、黄精4份和甘草8份。
制备方法:同实施例1。
实施例5
本发明实施例5药物组合物由以下重量份数的原料制备而成:
艾叶21份、金荞麦21份、芙蓉叶17份、椿叶15份、山银花16份、雪三七12份、皂角刺13份、木香10份、荔枝叶11份、桑寄生7份、黄柏10、黄精7份和甘草10份。
制备方法:同实施例1。
实验例1、本发明中药组合物对大鼠盲肠结扎穿孔致腹腔感染实验模型的试验
1、试验动物:普通级成年SD大鼠,雌雄不限,体重220~250g,实验前在动物室饲养2周,适应后进行实验,实验前禁食过夜,自由饮水。
2、造模方法:
脓毒症动物模型采用盲肠结扎穿孔致腹腔感染的方法。2%戊巴比妥钠腹腔注射(40mg/kg)麻醉后,腹部下方正中切口2cm,小心分离大网膜,暴露盲肠,距其远端1/3处结扎,保持其与肠道通畅,在结扎端盲肠处用18号针头,贯穿肠壁1-2次,挤出适量肠内容物,将盲肠放回原处,逐层关闭腹腔,术后即可皮下注射生理盐水15-30ml/kg,补充术中体液的丢失及炎性渗出。另取10只大鼠作为假手术组,同法麻醉,开腹,分离大网膜,但不作盲肠结扎穿孔,同法关腹,补液。实验后动物放回笼中喂养,可自由进食和饮水。
手术术前,小鼠活泼好动,皮毛光华柔顺,嘴唇、前后爪红润,进食、饮水主动,排便正常;手术后,小鼠表现为精神萎靡,竖毛,嘴唇、前后爪瘀红,进食、饮水减少,大便稀溏,眼睛出现充血,发烧发热。
诱导大鼠脓毒症成功的标准为发热(肛温超过或降低自身正常对照值1℃以上)、心率加快(增加50%,或约2倍于自身正常对照值)、呼吸频率增加(2倍于自身正常对照值或Pco2较自身正常对照值下降25%)、白细胞总数较正常对照值的2倍或减少50%等。
观察指标给药结束,各组动物经10%水合氯醛350mg/kg麻醉,取材。
3、试验药物及给药方案:
A组:试验药物为本发明实施例1制得的本发明中药组合物片剂,用蒸馏水调配成不同浓度药液备用。取30只造模成功的模型大鼠,随机分成3组,标记为A组高剂量组、中剂量组和低剂量组,高、中、低剂量组大鼠每天分别给本发明中药组合物剂量分别为400mg/kg、200mg/kg、100mg/kg(分别为成人临床日用量的8、4、2倍)。术前12h、术后治疗组大鼠腹腔注射4ml/kg本发明实施例1制备的药液,12h/次,共3d。
B组:试验药物为本发明实施例2制得的本发明中药组合物,给药方案同A组。
C组:试验药物为本发明实施例3制得的本发明中药组合物,给药方案同A组。
假手术组、模型组大鼠注射相同体积的生理盐水。
阳性对照组:阳性对照药为阿莫西林克拉维酸钾片(国药准字H10920034,华北制药股份有限公司),用蒸馏水调配成药液后,造模后立即静脉注射1次,造模后8h再次静脉注射1次,剂量02g/kg/次,后续每天给予0.8g/kg(为成人临床日用量的8倍),共3d。
造模后24h和72h进行颈动脉取血检测血常规,炎性因子(IL-1β))和大鼠纤溶酶原激活物抑制因子(PAI)指标。
4、试验结果:如表1、2所示。
表1药物对大鼠试验造模后炎性因子IL-1β的影响
注:与假手术组比较,ΔP<0.01;与模型组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01。
从表1可以看出,假手术组大鼠IL-1β数据与模型对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),表明大鼠盲肠结扎穿孔致腹腔感染实验模型造型成功。本发明药物组合物A组中、高剂量组,B组高、中、低剂量组,C组高、低剂量组和阳性对照组大鼠IL-1β数据与模型对照组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05或P<0.01),说明本发明中药组合物和阳性对照药阿莫西林克拉维酸钾片均有效有抑制大鼠脓毒血症造成的炎症。本发明药物组合物抑制炎症效果与阳性对照药相当。
表2药物对大鼠实验造模后凝血功能(PAI)的影响
注:与假手术组比较,ΔP<0.01;与模型对照组比较,试验组*P<0.05,**P<0.01;与阳性对照组比较,本发明中药组合物药物试验组#P<0.05。
从表2可以看出,假手术组大鼠纤溶酶原激活物抑制因子(PAI)数据与模型对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),表明大鼠盲肠结扎穿孔致腹腔感染实验模型造型成功。本发明药物组合物组和阳性对照组大鼠凝血功能(PAI)数据与模型对照组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01或P<0.05),本发明中药组合物片剂和阳性阿莫西林克拉维酸钾片药物均有效抑制大鼠脓毒血症造成的凝血功能障碍,本发明药物组合物B组即本发明实施例2制备的药物组合物高剂量组和本发明药物组合物C组即本发明实施例3制备的药物组合物高剂量组效果显著优于阳性对照组,其余各组效果与阳性对照组相当。
Claims (6)
1.一种含有艾叶的治疗脓毒症的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述的药物组合物主要由以下重量份数的原料制备而成:
艾叶16-22份、金荞麦17-22份、芙蓉叶12-18份、椿叶10-16份、山银花12-17份、雪三七7-13份、皂角刺9-14份、木香5-11份、荔枝叶7-12份、桑寄生4-8份、黄柏6-11份、黄精3-8份和甘草7-11份。
2.如权利要求1所述的含有艾叶的治疗脓毒症的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述的药物组合物主要由以下重量份数的原料制备而成:
艾叶16份、金荞麦17份、芙蓉叶12份、椿叶10份、山银花12份、雪三七7份、皂角刺9份、木香5份、荔枝叶7份、桑寄生4份、黄柏6份、黄精3份和甘草7份。
3.如权利要求1所述的含有艾叶的治疗脓毒症的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述的药物组合物主要由以下重量份数的原料制备而成:
艾叶19份、金荞麦19份、芙蓉叶15份、椿叶13份、山银花14份、雪三七10份、皂角刺23份、木香8份、荔枝叶9份、桑寄生6份、黄柏9份、黄精5份和甘草9份。
4.如权利要求1所述的含有艾叶的治疗脓毒症的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述的药物组合物主要由以下重量份数的原料制备而成:
艾叶22份、金荞麦22份、芙蓉叶18份、椿叶16份、山银花17份、雪三七13份、皂角刺14份、木香11份、荔枝叶12份、桑寄生8份、黄柏11份、黄精8份和甘草11份。
5.如权利要求1-4任一所述的含有艾叶的治疗脓毒症的药物组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物被制成颗粒剂、片剂、胶囊剂、丸剂、口服液或散剂。
6.如权利要求1-4任一所述的含有艾叶的治疗脓毒症的药物组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的药物组合物的制备方法包含以下步骤:
(1)取处方量上述中药材,加入6-10倍量水浸泡1-3小时,武火煎煮沸腾45-60分钟,再用文火煎煮1-3小时;过滤,滤渣加入4-6倍量水,武火煎煮沸腾30-45分钟,再用文火煎煮1-2小时;过滤,合并两次滤液,滤液浓缩至60℃环境下相对密度为1.20-1.30的稠膏,减压干燥,粉碎后过100-200目筛,得到均匀的细粉;备用;
(2)将步骤(1)制成的细粉加入辅料混合均匀后利用现代通用的制剂技术制备成成品中药制剂。
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