CN104474507A - 一种治疗荨麻疹的药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种治疗荨麻疹的药物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104474507A
CN104474507A CN201410703429.7A CN201410703429A CN104474507A CN 104474507 A CN104474507 A CN 104474507A CN 201410703429 A CN201410703429 A CN 201410703429A CN 104474507 A CN104474507 A CN 104474507A
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李坤
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种治疗荨麻疹的药物及其制备方法,其主要是由石膏、蚕沙、黄芪、何首乌、白僵蚕、白薇、乌蛇肉、白鲜皮、当归、连翘按一定重量配比制备而成,本发明药物具有祛风除湿,活血定痛,清热解毒,化痰散结的功能,用于治疗荨麻疹疗程短,见效快,无毒副作用。

Description

一种治疗荨麻疹的药物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗荨麻疹的药物及其制备方法,属中药领域。
技术背景
荨麻疹(Urticaria)是一种常见的皮肤病。系多种不同原因所致的一种皮肤粘膜血管反应性疾病。表现为时隐时现的、边缘清楚的、红色或白色的瘙痒性风团,中医称“瘾疹”,俗称“风疹块”。其临床典型特点是:首先出现瘙痒,随后迅速出现风团。风团呈大小不等、圆形椭圆形或不规则形,颜色为红色、白色或同皮肤色,一日可发数次,呈时隐时现,消退后不留痕迹。部分患者有心慌、心律紊乱、烦躁、恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻;有的可出现喉头水肿、头昏、血压降低或过敏性休克。目前,西药治疗荨麻疹效果不佳,而长期服用西药会有较多副作用,因此,人们对有效治疗荨麻疹的中药存在很大的需求。
发明内容
本发明人经过反复的研究和临床验证,终于找到了有效治疗荨麻疹的药物,从而完成了本发明。
本发明的目的就是提供一种能够有效治疗荨麻疹的组合药物。
本发明的另一个目的就是提供了该组合药物的制备方法。
本发明药物是选用石膏、蚕沙、黄芪、何首乌、白僵蚕、白薇、乌蛇肉、白鲜皮、当归、连翘、荆芥、丹参、甘草、杏仁、黄芪、生姜、牛蒡子、蝉蜕、桂枝、川芎、地肤子药物进行组合的,将这些药物组合使得各药物功效产生协同作用,从而能够快速治疗荨麻疹的复发。其中选用石膏是因为其性味辛甘,寒,入肺、胃经,生用有解肌清热,除烦止渴的功能,治热病壮热不退,心烦神昏,谵语发狂,口渴咽干,肺热喘急,中暑自汗,胃火头痛、牙痛,热毒壅盛,发斑发疹,口舌生疮,煅敷生肌敛疮,外治痈疽疮疡,溃不收回,汤火烫伤。选用蚕沙是因为其性味甘、辛、温,归肝、脾经,有祛风除湿,活血定痛的功能,治风湿痹痛,关节不遂,腰脚冷痛,风疹瘙痒,头风头痛,烂弦风眼。选用黄芪是因为其性味甘,微温,入肺、脾经,生用有益卫固表,利水消肿,托毒,生肌的功能,治自汗,盗汗,血痹,浮肿,痈疽不溃或溃久敛;炙用有补中益的功能,治内伤劳倦,脾虚泄泻,脱肛,气虚血脱,崩带及一切气衰血虚之症。选用何首乌是因为其性味苦甘涩,微温,入肝、肾经,有补肝,益肾,养血,祛风的功能,治肝肾阴亏,发须早白,血虚头晕,腰膝软弱,筋骨酸痛,遗精,崩带,久疟,久痢,慢性肝炎,痈肿,瘰疬,肠风,痔疾。用白僵蚕是因为其性味辛咸,平,入肝、肺、胃经,有祛风解痉,化痰散结的功能,治中风失音,惊癎,头风,喉风,喉痹,瘰疬结核,风疮瘾疹,丹毒,乳腺炎。选用白薇是因为其性味苦咸,寒,入肺、胃、肾经,有清热,凉血的功能,治阴虚内热,风湿灼热多眠,肺热咳血,温疟,瘅疟,产后虚烦血厥,热淋,血淋,风湿痛,瘰疬。选用乌蛇是因为其性味甘咸,平,入肺、脾二经,有祛风湿,通经络的功能,治风湿顽痹,肌肤不仁,骨、关节结核,风疹疥癣,麻风,破伤风,小儿麻痹症。选用白鲜皮是因为其性味苦,咸,寒,入脾、胃经,有祛风,燥湿,清热,解毒的功能,治风热疮毒,疥癣,皮肤痒疹,风湿痹痛,黄疸。选用当归是因为其性味甘辛,温,入心、肝、脾经,有补血和血,调经止痛,润燥滑肠的功能,治月经不调,经闭腹痛,癥瘕结聚,崩漏,血虚头痛,眩晕,痿痹,肠燥难便,赤痢后重,痈疽疮疡,金疮,跌扑损伤。选用连翘是因为其性味苦,凉,入心、肝、胆经,有清热,解毒,散结,消肿的功能,治温热,丹毒,斑疹,痈疡肿毒,瘰疬,小便淋闭。选用荆芥是因为其性味辛,温,入肺、肝经,有发表,祛风,理血的功能,炒炭止血,治感冒发热,头痛,咽喉肿痛,中风口噤,吐血,衄血,便血,崩漏,产后血晕,痈肿,疮疥,瘰疬。选用丹参是因为其性味苦,微温,入心、肝经,有活血去瘀,安神宁心,排脓,止痛的功能,治心绞痛,月经不调,痛经,以闭,血崩带下,癥瘕,积聚,瘀血腹痛,骨节疼痛,惊悸不眠,恶疮肿毒。选用甘草是因为其性味甘,平,入脾、胃、肺经,有和中缓急,润肺,解毒,调和诸药的功能,炙用,治脾胃虚弱,食少,腹痛便溏,劳倦发热,肺痿咳嗽,心悸,惊癎;生用,治咽喉肿痛,消化性溃疡,痈疽疮疡,解药毒及食物中毒。选用杏仁是因为其性味苦,温,有毒,入肺、大肠经,有祛痰止咳,平喘,润肠的功能,治外感咳嗽,喘满,喉痹,肠燥便秘。选用黄芪是因为其性味甘,微温,入肺、脾经,生用有益卫固表,利水消肿,托毒,生肌的功能,治自汗,盗汗,血痹,浮肿,痈疽不溃或溃久敛;炙用有补中益的功能,治内伤劳倦,脾虚泄泻,脱肛,气虚血脱,崩带及一切气衰血虚之症。选用生姜是因为其性味辛,温,入肺、胃、脾经,有发表,散寒,止呕,开痰的功能,治感冒风寒,呕吐,痰饮,喘咳,胀满,泄泻,解半夏、天南星及鱼蟹、鸟兽肉毒。选用牛蒡子是因为其性味辛苦,凉,入肺、胃经,有疏散风热,宣肺透疹,消肿解毒的功能,治风热咳嗽,咽喉肿痛,斑疹不透,风疹作痒,痈肿疮毒。选用蝉蜕是因为其性味甘咸,凉,入肺、肝经,有散风热,宣肺,定痉的功能,治外感风热,咳嗽音哑,麻疹透发不畅,风疹瘙痒,小儿惊癎,目赤,翳障,疔疮肿毒,破伤风。选用桂枝是因为其性味辛甘,温,入膀胱、心、肺经,有发汗解肌,温经通脉的功能,治风寒表证,肩背肢节酸疼,胸痹痰饮,经闭癥瘕。选用川芎是因为其性味辛,温,入肝、胆经,有行气开郁,祛风燥湿,活血止痛的功能,治风冷头痛旋晕,胁痛腹疼,寒痹筋挛,经闭,难产,产后瘀阻块痛,痈疽疮疡。选用地肤子是因为其性味甘苦,寒,入肾、膀胱经,有利小便,清湿热的功能,治小便不利,淋病,带下,疝气,风疹,疮毒,疥癣,阴部湿痒。
本发明组合的药物用量也是发明人经过大量摸索总结得出的,各组分的用量在下述重量范围内都具有较好疗效
石  膏     20—25克      蚕  沙        20—25克   黄  芪        20—25克
何首乌    20—25克      白僵蚕        15—20克   白  薇        15—20克
乌蛇肉    15—20克      白鲜皮        15—20克   当  归        15—20克
连  翘     15—20克      荆  芥        15—20克   丹  参        15—20克
甘  草     10—15克      杏  仁        10—15克   黄  芪        10—15克
生  姜     10—15克      牛蒡子        10—15克   蝉  蜕        5—10克
桂  枝     5—10克        川  芎        5—10克     地肤子       5—10克
优选用量为
石  膏     23克              蚕  沙        23克           黄  芪        23克
何首乌    23克              白僵蚕        17克           白  薇        17克
乌蛇肉    17克              白鲜皮        17克           当  归        17克
连  翘     17克              荆  芥        17克           丹  参        17克
甘  草     13克              杏  仁        13克           黄  芪        13克
生  姜     13克              牛蒡子        13克           蝉  蜕        7克
桂  枝     7克                川  芎        7克             地肤子       7克
本发明药物的制备方法如下
一、备料
1、石膏:去净杂石,洗净泥土,打碎成小块;
2、蚕沙:除去杂质,筛去灰屑;
3、黄芪:拣净杂质,除去残留的根头和空心较大的根,用水浸泡,捞出,润透后及时切片,晒干;
4、何首乌:拣去杂质,洗净,用水泡至八成透,捞出,润至内外湿度均匀,切片或切成方块,晒干;
5、白僵蚕:拣去丝毛,洗净灰土,晒干;
6、白薇:拣净杂质,除去茎苗,洗净,稍浸,润透,切段,晒干;
7、乌蛇肉:乌蛇砍去头,用黄酒闷透后,取出,除去皮骨晒干,每乌蛇100斤,用黄酒20-25斤;
8、白鲜皮:拣净杂质,除去粗皮,洗净,稍润,切片,晒干;
9、当归:拣去杂质,洗净,闷润,稍晾,切片晒干;
10、连翘:拣净杂质,搓开,除去枝梗
11、荆芥:拣净杂质,用水略泡,捞出切段,晒干;
12、丹参:拣净杂质,除去根茎,洗净,捞出,润透后切片,晾干;
13、甘草:拣去杂质,洗净,用水浸泡至八成透时,捞出,润透切片,晒干;
14、杏仁:拣净杂质,置沸水中略煮,俟皮微皱起捞出,浸凉水中,脱去种皮,晒干,簸净;
15、黄芪:拣净杂质,除去残留的根头和空心较大的根,用水浸泡;
16、生姜:拣去杂质,洗净泥土,用时切片;
17、牛蒡子:拣去杂质,筛去泥屑;
18、蝉蜕:拣去杂质,洗净晒干;
19、桂枝:用水稍浸泡,捞出,闷润至透,切片,晾干,筛去屑;
20、川芎:拣去杂质,分开大、小个,用水浸泡,晒晾,闷润后切片,干燥;
21、地肤子:取原药材,除去杂质,筛去碎屑。
二、制备
1、将所述重量的石膏、蚕沙、黄芪、何首乌、白僵蚕、白薇、乌蛇肉、白鲜皮、当归、连翘、荆芥、丹参、甘草、杏仁、黄芪、生姜、牛蒡子、蝉蜕、桂枝、川芎、地肤子药物加水煎煮二次,第一次加水8倍量,浸泡120分钟后,武火煎煮沸腾10分钟,再用文火煎煮30分钟,过滤得第一次煎煮液,将第一次煎煮液倒入容器内。
2、将过滤的药渣加水4倍量,先用武火煮沸,再用文火煎煮10分钟过滤,将第二次煎煮液倒入容器内。
3、将两次煎煮液混合搅拌均匀即得,分成2剂服用。
本发明选用丹参为君药,连翘、白鲜皮为臣药,黄芪为佐药,甘草为使药,将上述药物与诸药组合,制成治疗荨麻疹的药物。
本发明药物具有祛风除湿,活血定痛,清热解毒,化痰散结的功能,用于治疗荨麻疹疗程短,见效快,无毒副作用。
具体实施方式
以下通过试验例来进一步阐述本发明所述药物的有益效果,这些试验例包括了本发明药物的动物毒性试验报告和临床观察资料。
[试验例1]本发明药物的动物毒性试验报告
取家兔30只,雌雄兼用,体重2.0—2.4kg,分两组,每组15只,其中一组为超剂量试验组,另一组为正常量试验组。超常量组为20ml/kg,正常量为10ml/kg,给药方式为灌胃法给药,每天2次,连服7天,每天观察给药反应,结果表明二组家兔活动、饮食正常,药物无不良毒副作用。
[试验例2]本发明药物治疗荨麻疹的观察资料
1、一般资料
收治荨麻疹患者共30例。
2、诊断标准
临床表现:基本损害为皮肤出现风团。常先有皮肤瘙痒,随即出现风团,呈鲜红色或苍白色、皮肤色,少数患者有水肿性红斑。风团的大小和形态不一,发作时间不定。风团逐渐蔓延,融合成片,由于真皮乳头水肿,可见表皮毛囊口向下凹陷。风团持续数分钟至数小时,少数可延长至数天后消退,不留痕迹。皮疹反复成批发生,以傍晚发作者多见。风团常泛发,亦可局限。有时合并血管性水肿,偶尔风团表面形成大疱。
部分患者可伴有恶心、呕吐、头痛、头胀、腹痛、腹泻,严重患者还可有胸闷、不适、面色苍白、心率加速、脉搏细弱、血压下降、呼吸短促等全身症状。
3、治疗方法
选用上述药剂,给患者服用,每次服用1剂,每天早、晚各服1次,7天为一个疗程,连续服用2个疗程。
4、疗效评定标准
显效:荨麻疹症状消失,痊愈,观察半年无反弹者;
好转:荨麻疹症状明显改善,风团减退,全身症状消失,逐步好转;
无效:荨麻疹症状无改变,达不到好转标准者。
5、治疗结果(见下表)
在上述的治疗中,用本发明药物治疗荨麻疹患者30例,结果显效24例,显效率为80.00%,好转5例,好转率为16.67%,无效1例,总有效率为96.67%。

Claims (3)

1.一种治疗荨麻疹的药物,其特征求在于:它是由下列重量范围内的原料药制成:
石  膏 20—25克  蚕  沙 20—25克  黄  芪 20—25克
何首乌 20—25克  白僵蚕 15—20克  白  薇 15—20克
乌蛇肉 15—20克  白鲜皮 15—20克  当  归 15—20克
连  翘 15—20克  荆  芥 15—20克  丹  参 15—20克
甘  草 10—15克  杏  仁 10—15克  黄  芪 10—15克
生  姜 10—15克  牛蒡子 10—15克  蝉  蜕 5—10克
桂  枝 5—10克   川  芎 5—10克   地肤子 5—10克。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物,其中各原料药的用量为:
石  膏 23克   蚕  沙 23克   黄  芪 23克
何首乌 23克   白僵蚕 17克   白  薇 17克
乌蛇肉 17克   白鲜皮 17克   当  归 17克
连  翘 17克   荆  芥 17克   丹  参 17克
甘  草 13克   杏  仁 13克   黄  芪 13克
生  姜 13克   牛蒡子 13克   蝉  蜕 7克
桂  枝 7克    川  芎 7克    地肤子 7克。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述药物的制备方法,其特征在于:它包括下列步骤:
(一)备料
(1)石膏:去净杂石,洗净泥土,打碎成小块;
(2)蚕沙:除去杂质,筛去灰屑;
(3)黄芪:拣净杂质,除去残留的根头和空心较大的根,用水浸泡,捞出,润透后及时切片,晒干;
(4)何首乌:拣去杂质,洗净,用水泡至八成透,捞出,润至内外湿度均匀,切片或切成方块,晒干;
(5)白僵蚕:拣去丝毛,洗净灰土,晒干;
(6)白薇:拣净杂质,除去茎苗,洗净,稍浸,润透,切段,晒干;
(7)乌蛇肉:乌蛇砍去头,用黄酒闷透后,取出,除去皮骨晒干,每乌蛇100斤,用黄酒20-25斤;
(8)白鲜皮:拣净杂质,除去粗皮,洗净,稍润,切片,晒干;
(9)当归:拣去杂质,洗净,闷润,稍晾,切片晒干;
(10)连翘:拣净杂质,搓开,除去枝梗
(11)荆芥:拣净杂质,用水略泡,捞出切段,晒干;
(12)丹参:拣净杂质,除去根茎,洗净,捞出,润透后切片,晾干;
(13)甘草:拣去杂质,洗净,用水浸泡至八成透时,捞出,润透切片,晒干;
(14)杏仁:拣净杂质,置沸水中略煮,俟皮微皱起捞出,浸凉水中,脱去种皮,晒干,簸净;
(15)黄芪:拣净杂质,除去残留的根头和空心较大的根,用水浸泡;
(16)生姜:拣去杂质,洗净泥土,用时切片;
(17)牛蒡子:拣去杂质,筛去泥屑;
(18)蝉蜕:拣去杂质,洗净晒干;
(19)桂枝:用水稍浸泡,捞出,闷润至透,切片,晾干,筛去屑;
(20)川芎:拣去杂质,分开大、小个,用水浸泡,晒晾,闷润后切片,干燥;
(21)地肤子:取原药材,除去杂质,筛去碎屑;
(二)制备
(1)将所述重量的石膏、蚕沙、黄芪、何首乌、白僵蚕、白薇、乌蛇肉、白鲜皮、当归、连翘、荆芥、丹参、甘草、杏仁、黄芪、生姜、牛蒡子、蝉蜕、桂枝、川芎、地肤子药物加水煎煮二次,第一次加水8倍量,浸泡120分钟后,武火煎煮沸腾10分钟,再用文火煎煮30分钟,过滤得第一次煎煮液,将第一次煎煮液倒入容器内;
(2)将过滤的药渣加水4倍量,先用武火煮沸,再用文火煎煮10分钟过滤,将第二次煎煮液倒入容器内;
(3)将两次煎煮液混合搅拌均匀即得。
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