CN105343865A - 一种治疗神经性呕吐的药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种治疗神经性呕吐的药物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105343865A
CN105343865A CN201510951001.9A CN201510951001A CN105343865A CN 105343865 A CN105343865 A CN 105343865A CN 201510951001 A CN201510951001 A CN 201510951001A CN 105343865 A CN105343865 A CN 105343865A
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rhizoma
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徐士杰
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种治疗神经性呕吐的药物及其制备方法,其主要是由柴胡、半夏、竹茹、白芍、茯苓、白术、厚朴、陈皮、紫苏、党参、山药、砂仁、桂枝、旋复花、代赭石、香附等按一定重量配比制备而成,本发明药物具有降逆止呕,清痞散结,益脾和胃,宁心安神的功能,用于治疗神经性呕吐见效快,疗效好,无副作用。

Description

一种治疗神经性呕吐的药物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗神经性呕吐的药物及其制备方法,属中药领域。
背景技术
神经性呕吐指一组自发性反复呕吐的精神障碍,呕吐物为刚吃进的食物。该病不伴有其他的明显症状,无患者有害怕发胖和减轻体重的愿望,但体重无明显减轻。本病女性比男性多见,通常发生于成年早期和中期。由于西药无法有效快速治疗神经性呕吐,因此人们对有效治疗神经性呕吐的中药药物存在极大的需求,至今为止,还没有发现关于本发明的有关报道。
发明内容
本发明人依据中医理论的研究和临床试验的反复验证,终于找到了有效治疗神经性呕吐的药物,从而完成了本发明。
本发明的目的就是提供一种有效治疗神经性呕吐的中药组合药物。
本发明的另一目的就是提供了该中药组合药物的制备方法。
本发明药物是选择柴胡、半夏、竹茹、白芍、茯苓、白术、厚朴、陈皮、紫苏、党参、山药、砂仁、桂枝、旋复花、代赭石、香附、附子、甘草、生姜、大枣、枳实、鸡内金、神曲、山楂、麦芽、谷芽、吴茱萸、木香、丁香药物进行组合制备的,将这些药物组合使得各药物功效产生协同作用,从而能够有效治疗神经性呕吐。其中,选用柴胡是因为其性味苦,凉,入肝、胆经,有和解表里,疏肝,升阳的功能,治寒热往来,胸满胁痛,口苦耳聋,头痛目眩,疟疾,下利脱肛,月经不调,子宫下垂。选用半夏是因为其性味辛,温,有毒,入脾、胃经,有燥湿化痰,降逆止呕,清痞散结的功能,治湿痰冷饮呕吐,反胃,咳喘痰多,我膈胀满,痰厥头痛,头晕不眠,外消痈肿。选用竹茹是因为其性味甘,凉,入胃、胆经,有清热,凉血,化痰,止吐的功能,治烦热呕吐、呃逆,痰热咳喘,吐血,衄血,崩漏,恶阻,胎动,惊癎。选用白芍是因为其性味苦酸,凉,入肝、脾经,有养血柔肝,缓中止痛,敛阴收汗的功能,治胸腹胁肋疼痛,泻痢腹痛,自汗盗汗,阴虚发热,月经不调,崩漏,带下。选用茯苓是因为其性味甘淡,平,入心、脾、肺经,有渗湿利水,益脾和胃,宁心安神的功能,治小便不利水肿胀痛,痰饮咳逆,呕哕,泄泻,遗精,淋浊,惊悸,健忘。选用白术是因为其性味苦甘,温,入脾、胃经,有补脾,益胃,燥湿,和中的功能,治脾胃气弱,不思饮食,倦怠少气,虚胀,泄泻,痰饮,水肿,黄疸,湿痹,小便不利,头晕,自汗,胎气不安。选用厚朴是因为其性味苦辛,温,入脾、胃、大肠经,有温中,下气,燥湿,消痰的功能,治胸腹痞满胀痛,反胃、呕吐,宿食不消,痰饮喘咳,寒湿泻痢。选用陈皮是因为其性味苦、辛,温,归肺、脾经,有理气健脾,燥湿化痰的功能,治胸脘胀满,食少吐泻,咳嗽痰多。选用紫苏叶是因为其性味辛,温,入肺、脾经,有发表,散寒,理气,和营的功能,治感冒风寒,恶寒发热,咳嗽,气喘,胸腹胀满,胎动不安,并能解鱼蟹毒。选用党参是因为其性味甘,平,入手、足太阴经气分,有补中益气,生津的功能,治脾胃虚弱,气血两亏,体倦无力,食少,口渴,久泻,脱肛。选用山药是因为其性味甘,平,入肺、脾、肾经,有健脾,补肺,固肾,益精的功能,治脾虚泄泻,久痢,虚劳咳嗽,消渴,遗精、带下,小便频数。选用砂仁是因为其性味辛,温,入脾、胃经,有行气调中,和胃、醒脾的功能,治腹痛痞胀,胃呆食滞,噎隔呕吐,寒泻冷痢,妊娠胎动。选用桂枝是因为其性味辛甘,温,入膀胱、心、肺经,有发汗解肌,温经通脉的功能,治风寒表证,肩背肢节酸疼,胸痹痰饮,经闭癥瘕。选用旋复花是因为其性味咸,温,入肺、肝、胃经,有消痰,下气,软坚,行水的功能,治胸中痰结,胁下胀满,咳喘,呃逆,唾如胶漆,心下痞硬,噫气不除,大腹水肿。选用代赭石是因为其性味苦甘,平,入肝、胃、心胞经,有平肝镇逆,凉血止血的功能,治噫气呕逆,噎膈反胃,哮喘,惊癎,吐血,鼻衄,肠风,痔痿,崩漏带下。选用香附是因为其性味辛微苦干,平,入肝、三焦经,有理气解郁,止痛调经的功能,治肝胃不和,气郁不舒,胸腹胁肋胀痛,痰饮痞满,月经不调,崩漏带下。选用附子是因为其性味辛甘,热,有毒,入心、脾、肾经,有回阳补火,散寒除湿的功能,治阴盛络阳,大汗亡阳,吐利厥逆,心腹冷痛,脾泄冷痢,脚气水肿,小儿慢惊,风寒湿痹,踒躄拘挛,阴疽疮漏及一切沉寒痼冷之疾。选用甘草是因为其性味甘,平,入脾、胃、肺经,有和中缓急,润肺,解毒,调和诸药的功能;炙用,治脾胃食少,腹痛便溏,劳倦发热,肺痿咳嗽,心悸,惊癎;生用,治咽喉肿痛,消化性溃疡,痈疸疮疡,解药毒及食物中毒。选用生姜是因为其性味辛,温,入肺、胃、脾经,有发表,散寒,止呕,开痰的功能,治感冒风寒,呕吐,痰饮,喘咳,胀满,泄泻,解半夏、天南星及鱼蟹、鸟兽肉毒。选用大枣是因为其性味甘,温,入脾、胃经,有补脾和胃,益气生津,调营卫,解药毒的功能,治胃虚食少,脾弱便溏,气血津液不足,营卫不和,心悸怔忡,妇人脏躁。选用枳实是因为其性味苦,寒,入脾、胃经,有破气,散痞,泻痰,消积的功能,治胸腹胀痛,胸痹,痞痛,痰癖,水肿,食积,便秘,胃下垂,子宫下垂,脱肛。选用鸡内金是因为其性味甘,平,入脾、胃经,有治积滞,健脾胃的功能,治食积胀满,呕吐反胃,泻痢,疳积,消渴,遗溺,喉痹乳蛾,牙疳口疮。选用神曲是因为其性味甘辛,温,入碑、胃经,有健脾和胃,消食调中的功能,治饮食停滞,胸痞腹胀,呕吐泻痢,产后瘀血腹痛,小儿腹大坚积。选用山楂是因为其性味酸甘,微温,入脾、胃、肝经,有消食积,散瘀血,驱绦虫的功能,治肉积,癥瘕,痰饮,痞满,吞酸,泻痢,肠风,腰痛,疝气,产后儿枕痛,恶露不尽,小儿乳食停滞。选用麦芽是因为其性味甘,微温,入脾、胃经,有消食,和中,下气的功能,治食积不消,胀腹胀满,食欲不振,呕吐泄泻,乳胀不消。选用谷芽是因为其性味甘温,入脾胃经,有健脾开胃,和中消食的功能,治宿食不化,胀满泄泻,不思饮食。选用吴茱萸是因为其性味辛苦,温,有毒,入肝、胃经,有温中,止痛,理气,燥湿的功能,治呕逆吞酸,厥阴头痛,脏寒吐泻,脘腹胀痛,脚气,疝气,口疮溃疡,齿痛,湿疹,黄水疮。选用木香是因为其性味辛苦,温,入肺、肝、脾经,有行气止痛,温中和胃的功能,治中寒气滞,胸腹胀痛,呕吐,泄泻,下痢里急后重,寒疝。选用丁香是因为其性味辛,温,入胃、脾、肾经,有温中,暖肾,降逆的功能,治呃逆,呕吐,反胃,泻痢,心腹冷痛,痃癖,疝气,癣疾。
具体实施方式
本发明组分的药物用量也是发明人经过大量摸索总结得出的,各组分的用量在下述重量范围内都具有较好的疗效:
柴胡15-20克、半夏5-12克、竹茹8-12克、白芍8-15克、茯苓8-15克、白术8-15克、厚朴8-12克、陈皮8-12克、紫苏15-20克、党参15-25克、山药10-20克、砂仁10-15克、桂枝10-15克、旋复花10-15克、代赭石15-25克、香附5-10克、附子8-12克、甘草5-10克、生姜8-10片、大枣8-10克、枳实5-10克、鸡内金8-12克、神曲10-15克、山楂10-15克、麦芽5-15克、谷芽10-15克、吴茱萸3-5克、木香3-8克、丁香2-3克。
优选为:
柴胡16克、半夏10克、竹茹10克、白芍10克、茯苓10克、白术10克、厚朴10克、陈皮10克、紫苏15克、党参15克、山药15克、砂仁12克、桂枝12克、旋复花10克、代赭石20克、香附8克、附子10克、甘草6克、生姜8片、大枣10克、枳实8克、鸡内金10克、神曲10克、山楂10克、麦芽10克、谷芽10克、吴茱萸3克、木香3克、丁香2克。
本发明药物的制备方法如下
一、备料
1、柴胡:拣去杂质,除去残茎,洗净泥沙,捞出,润透后及时切片,晒干;
2、半夏:拣去杂质,筛去灰屑;
3、竹茹:除去硬竹签、杂质,抖掉灰屑,揉成小团或切段
4、白芍:拣去杂质,分开大小个,用水浸泡至八成透,捞出,晒晾,润至内外湿度均匀,切片,干燥;
5、茯苓:用水浸泡,洗净捞出,闷透后,切片,晒干;
6、白术:拣净杂质,用水浸泡,泡后捞出,润透,切片,晒干;
7、厚朴:用水浸泡捞出,润透后刮去粗皮,洗净,切丝,晾干;
8、陈皮:取原药材,除去杂质及变黑的果皮,抢水洗净,润软,切丝,晒干或低温干燥,筛去灰屑;
9、紫苏叶:拣去杂质,晒干;
10、党参:洗净泥沙后润透去芦,切片或切段,晒干;
11、山药:拣净杂质,用水浸泡至山药中心部软化为止,捞出稍晾,切片晒干或烘干;
12、砂仁:拣去杂质及果壳,捣碎;
13、桂枝:用水稍浸泡,捞出,闷润至透,切片,晾干,筛去屑;
14、旋复花:拣净杂质,除去梗叶,筛去泥土;
15、代赭石:除去杂质,砸碎,过筛;
16、香附:拣去杂质,碾成碎粒,簸去细毛及细末;
17、附子:取盐附子用水浸漂,每日换水2-3次,至咸味漂尽,取出,与甘草、黑豆加水同煮透心,至切开后口尝无麻舌感时,取出,除去甘草、黑豆,切薄片,干燥,筛去碎屑,每100斤盐附子,用甘草5斤,黑豆10斤;
18、甘草:拣去杂质,洗净,用水浸泡至八成透时,捞出,润透切片,晒干;
19、生姜:拣去杂质,洗净泥土,用时切片;
20、大枣:拣净杂质,晒干;
21、枳实:拣净杂质,用水浸泡至八成透,捞出,润至内无硬心,切片,晾干;
22、鸡内金:拣去杂质,漂净晒干;
23、神曲:取麸皮撒匀于热锅内,俟起烟,将神曲倒入,炒至黄色,取出,筛去麸皮,放凉;
24、山楂:取拣净的山楂,置锅内用武火炒至外面焦褐色,内部黄褐色为止,喷淋清水,取出,晒干;
25、麦芽:取麦芽置锅内微炒至黄色,取出放凉;
26、谷芽:置锅内用文火炒至深黄色,并大部爆裂,取出,放凉;
27、吴茱萸:取原药材,除去果柄、枝及杂质,筛去碎屑;
28、木香:将原生药放清水内洗净,捞出,闷润12—24小时使软,切片,晒干;
29、丁香:拣去杂质、花梗,筛去灰屑,用时捣碎;
二、制备
1、将所述重量的柴胡、半夏、竹茹、白芍、茯苓、白术、厚朴、陈皮、紫苏、党参、山药、砂仁、桂枝、旋复花、代赭石、香附、附子、甘草、生姜、大枣、枳实、鸡内金、神曲、山楂、麦芽、谷芽、吴茱萸、木香、丁香放入煎药容器,第一次加水8倍量,浸泡80分钟后,武火煎煮沸腾,再用文火煎煮30分钟,过滤得第一次煎煮液,将第一次煎煮液倒入容器内。
2、将过滤的药渣加水6倍量,先用武火煮沸,再用文火煎煮20分钟过滤,将第二次煎煮液倒入容器内。
3、将两次煎煮液混合搅拌均匀,分成4剂服用。
组方中半夏有降逆止呕,清痞散结的功能为君药;吴茱萸理气,燥湿,治呕逆吞酸,代赭石有凉血止血,治噫气呕逆的功能二者为臣药,三味药共同发挥降逆止呕的作用,治疗神经性呕吐效力全面,且以清热凉血,清痞散结为主可治本;茯苓益脾和胃,宁心安神为佐药;生姜有止呕,解毒的功能,与下余诸药是治标。
本发明药物具有降逆止呕,清痞散结,益脾和胃,宁心安神的功能,用于治疗神经性呕吐,疗程短、见效快、治愈后不复发、无毒副作用。
具体实施方式:
以下通过试验例来进一步阐述本发明所述药物的有益效果,这些试验例包括本发明药物的动物毒性试验报告和临床疗效观察资料。
[试验例1]本发明药物的动物毒性试验报告:
取家兔30只,雌雄兼用,体重2.0—2.5k克,分两组,每组15只,其中一组为超剂量试验组,另一组为正常量试验组。服用药液超常量组为20ml/kg,正常量为10ml/kg,给药方式为灌胃法给药,每天两次,连服7天,每天观察给药反应,结果表明二组家兔活动、饮食正常,药物无不良毒副作用。
[试验例2]本发明药物的临床疗效观察
1、一般资料
收治神经性呕吐门诊患者共45例。
2、诊断标准
神经性呕吐一般在进食后呕吐,无明显恶心及其他不适,以后在类似情况下反复发作。呕吐患者否认自己有怕胖的心理和要求减轻体重的愿望,对自身的健康很关心,常常在呕吐后进食,甚至边吐边吃,呕吐不影响下次进食的食欲。患者因总的进食量不减少,故体重无显著减轻,体重常保持在正常体重的80%以上。无内分泌紊乱等现象。
3、治疗方法
选用上述药剂,给患者服用,每次服用1剂,每天早、晚各服1次,7天为一个疗程,连续服用2个疗程。
4、疗效评定标准
显效:神经性呕吐症状消失,痊愈,体质恢复正常;
好转:神经性呕吐症状明显减轻好转,体质逐步恢复;
无效:达不到好转标准者。
5、治疗结果(见下表)
在上述治疗中,用本发明药物治疗神经性呕吐患者45例,结果显效42例,显效率为93.33%,好转2例,好转率为4.45%,无效1例,总有效率为97.78%。

Claims (3)

1.一种治疗神经性呕吐的药物,其特征在于:它是由下列用量范围内的原料药制成:
柴胡15-20克、半夏5-12克、竹茹8-12克、白芍8-15克、茯苓8-15克、白术8-15克、厚朴8-12克、陈皮8-12克、紫苏15-20克、党参15-25克、山药10-20克、砂仁10-15克、桂枝10-15克、旋复花10-15克、代赭石15-25克、香附5-10克、附子8-12克、甘草5-10克、生姜8-10片、大枣8-10克、枳实5-10克、鸡内金8-12克、神曲10-15克、山楂10-15克、麦芽5-15克、谷芽10-15克、吴茱萸3-5克、木香3-8克、丁香2-3克。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物,其中各原料药的用量为:
柴胡16克、半夏10克、竹茹10克、白芍10克、茯苓10克、白术10克、厚朴10克、陈皮10克、紫苏15克、党参15克、山药15克、砂仁12克、桂枝12克、旋复花10克、代赭石20克、香附8克、附子10克、甘草6克、生姜8片、大枣10克、枳实8克、鸡内金10克、神曲10克、山楂10克、麦芽10克、谷芽10克、吴茱萸3克、木香3克、丁香2克。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述药物的制备方法,它包括下列步骤:
(一)备料
(1)柴胡:拣去杂质,除去残茎,洗净泥沙,捞出,润透后及时切片,晒干;
(2)半夏:拣去杂质,筛去灰屑;
(3)竹茹:除去硬竹签、杂质,抖掉灰屑,揉成小团或切段
(4)白芍:拣去杂质,分开大小个,用水浸泡至八成透,捞出,晒晾,润至内外湿度均匀,切片,干燥;
(5)茯苓:用水浸泡,洗净捞出,闷透后,切片,晒干;
(6)白术:拣净杂质,用水浸泡,泡后捞出,润透,切片,晒干;
(7)厚朴:用水浸泡捞出,润透后刮去粗皮,洗净,切丝,晾干;
(8)陈皮:取原药材,除去杂质及变黑的果皮,抢水洗净,润软,切丝,晒干或低温干燥,筛去灰屑;
(9)紫苏叶:拣去杂质,晒干;
(10)党参:洗净泥沙后润透去芦,切片或切段,晒干;
(11)山药:拣净杂质,用水浸泡至山药中心部软化为止,捞出稍晾,切片晒干或烘干;
(12)砂仁:拣去杂质及果壳,捣碎;
(13)桂枝:用水稍浸泡,捞出,闷润至透,切片,晾干,筛去屑;
(14)旋复花:拣净杂质,除去梗叶,筛去泥土;
(15)代赭石:除去杂质,砸碎,过筛;
(16)香附:拣去杂质,碾成碎粒,簸去细毛及细末;
(17)附子:取盐附子用水浸漂,每日换水2-3次,至咸味漂尽,取出,与甘草、黑豆加水同煮透心,至切开后口尝无麻舌感时,取出,除去甘草、黑豆,切薄片,干燥,筛去碎屑,每100斤盐附子,用甘草5斤,黑豆10斤;
(18)甘草:拣去杂质,洗净,用水浸泡至八成透时,捞出,润透切片,晒干;
(19)生姜:拣去杂质,洗净泥土,用时切片;
(20)大枣:拣净杂质,晒干;
(21)枳实:拣净杂质,用水浸泡至八成透,捞出,润至内无硬心,切片,晾干;
(22)鸡内金:拣去杂质,漂净晒干;
(23)神曲:取麸皮撒匀于热锅内,俟起烟,将神曲倒入,炒至黄色,取出,筛去麸皮,放凉;
(24)山楂:取拣净的山楂,置锅内用武火炒至外面焦褐色,内部黄褐色为止,喷淋清水,取出,晒干;
(25)麦芽:取麦芽置锅内微炒至黄色,取出放凉;
(26)谷芽:置锅内用文火炒至深黄色,并大部爆裂,取出,放凉;
(27)吴茱萸:取原药材,除去果柄、枝及杂质,筛去碎屑;
(28)木香:将原生药放清水内洗净,捞出,闷润12—24小时使软,切片,晒干;
(29)丁香:拣去杂质、花梗,筛去灰屑,用时捣碎;
(二)制备
(1)将所述重量的柴胡、半夏、竹茹、白芍、茯苓、白术、厚朴、陈皮、紫苏、党参、山药、砂仁、桂枝、旋复花、代赭石、香附、附子、甘草、生姜、大枣、枳实、鸡内金、神曲、山楂、麦芽、谷芽、吴茱萸、木香、丁香放入煎药容器,第一次加水8倍量,浸泡80分钟后,武火煎煮沸腾,再用文火煎煮30分钟,过滤得第一次煎煮液,将第一次煎煮液倒入容器内;
(2)将过滤的药渣加水6倍量,先用武火煮沸,再用文火煎煮20分钟过滤,将第二次煎煮液倒入容器内;
(3)将两次煎煮液混合搅拌均匀,分成4剂服用。
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