CN105746135A - Method for retaining seeds of tuber mustard - Google Patents
Method for retaining seeds of tuber mustard Download PDFInfo
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- CN105746135A CN105746135A CN201610127279.9A CN201610127279A CN105746135A CN 105746135 A CN105746135 A CN 105746135A CN 201610127279 A CN201610127279 A CN 201610127279A CN 105746135 A CN105746135 A CN 105746135A
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- seed
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- pickled mustard
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- mustard tube
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of methods for selecting new plants. A method for retaining seeds of tuber mustard comprises the steps of selection of a seedbed and a seed retaining field, sowing, seedling transplanting, seed plant management and seed harvesting, and is characterized in that leaf cutting operation is added in the seed plant management step; functional leaves of seed plants are cut to reduce organic matter accumulated in plants through photosynthesis, so that nutrition supply to swelling stems of the tuber mustard is reduced, and cracks caused by excessive swelling of the swelling stems of the tuber mustard are avoided or reduced; therefore, the possibility that the tuber mustard seed plants are infected with bacterial soft rot diseases is reduced, the selected seed plants can normally realize emergency of flower buds, bolting, flowering and seed setting, the seed setting rate is high, and the seed retaining effect is good.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the method and technology field that new plant selects.
Background technology
Hot pickled mustard tube, is again Cornu Caprae seu Ovis dish, pimple dish etc., belongs to the mutation of Caulis et Folium Brassicae junceae.Stem Mustard is relatively big, and stem expands in wart like structure, forms warty warty stem, for edible part, is mainly used in pickling processing, the growth promoter of hot pickled mustard tube kind strain mainly includes according to time sequencing emerging, buddings, bolting, bloom, several stages such as set seeds.
The mode of reserving seed for planting of hot pickled mustard tube has three kinds: big strain is reserved seed for planting, middle strain is reserved seed for planting and little strain is reserved seed for planting, and these three mode of reserving seed for planting has notable difference on reproduction technique.Big strain is reserved seed for planting: reserve seed for planting also known as Adult plant, refer to reserve seed for planting sowing time of kind of strain identical with normally production with on cultivation season (as in the Sichuan Basin at JIUYUE early and middle ten days), the properties and characteristics of kind or chosen seeds strain is fully manifested, reserve seed for planting kind of strain after the sufficient Adult plant of growth promoter, entering generative growth phase, bolting is blossomed and had seeds.Middle strain is reserved seed for planting: kind of a strain of reserving seed for planting is postponed about 1 month than the normal sowing time produced sowing time, and the character of kind or chosen seeds strain can not fully show, and warty stem can be only formed medium-sized size.Little strain is reserved seed for planting: kind of a strain of reserving seed for planting is postponed more than 2 months than the normal sowing time produced sowing time, and kind or chosen seeds strain can not form warty stem completely, blossomed and had seeds by stage of development just bolting with seedling state.The reserve seed for planting step of mode of three of the above includes seedbed and selects with seed-plot, sowing, plants transplantation of seedlings, plants strain management and seed collection step, wherein plant strain management include irrigations, fertilising, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, kind select good strains in the field for seed select, branch is isolated and kind strain goes bag to operate.
The these three impact that breed selection works by mode of reserving seed for planting is also different: the hot pickled mustard tube warty stem that big strain is reserved seed for planting fully expands that (transverse diameter is generally 12～13cm, transverse diameter refers to hot pickled mustard tube warty stem transverse direction maximum gauge), the properties and characteristics of kind of strain and economic characters can be selected and identify, be conducive to improving breeding selection effect and keeping kind of a property；The hot pickled mustard tube warty stem that middle strain is reserved seed for planting fully does not expand (transverse diameter is generally 5～6cm), and the hot pickled mustard tube warty stem that little strain is reserved seed for planting does not expand, and cannot be effectively taking place breeding selection and carry out selecting the excellent work rogued according to variety characteristic.But big strain is reserved seed for planting also defective in the process of reserving seed for planting, its growth is more perfect, warty stem expands to its transverse diameter more than more than 10cm, the breach occurred on hot pickled mustard tube warty stem is more many, with invalid body at soil, that fertilizer is survived the winter or colonize in pathogenic bacteria such as Erwinaaroideae (Towsend) Holland of surviving the winter in the polypides such as flea beetle etc. the main pathogenic bacteria source of soft rot (Erwinaaroideae (Towsend) Holland be), by means of insecticide, irrigation water and wind and rain invade the breach of hot pickled mustard tube warty stem, hot pickled mustard tube is made to infect generation bacterial soft rot in a large number, cause that chosen seeds strain is being buddingged, bolting or before blooming a large amount of rot even dead, kind strain cannot be set seeds or Setting percentage is low, reserve seed for planting poor effect.
Summary of the invention
Present invention offer one of anticipating both can prevent hot pickled mustard tube warty stem from breach occur or reducing breach and bar number occur, and the hot pickled mustard tube that the hot pickled mustard tube warty stem degree of expanding sufficiently achieves character determination standard can be made again to reserve seed for planting method.
This programme one hot pickled mustard tube is reserved seed for planting method, include seedbed successively to select with seed-plot, sow, plant transplantation of seedlings, plant strain management and seed collection step, kind of strain management includes fertilising, irrigations, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, kind are selected good strains in the field for seed selects, branch is isolated and bag is removed in kind strain, also including in described kind of strain management kind selects good strains in the field for seed select after cut leaf operation, this cuts leaf operation is the functional leaf cutting off chosen seeds strain.
Beneficial effect: method of reserving seed for planting disclosed by the invention, innovation is in that kind of strain adds in managing and cuts leaf operation, chosen seeds strain being cut off its functional leaf, reducing the Organic substance that kind of strain is accumulated by photosynthesis, thus reducing kind of the strain nutrition supply to its hot pickled mustard tube warty stem.nullBy cutting leaf operation above，Reduce the hot pickled mustard tube organic accumulation of kind strain weakening photosynthetic mode，Thus controlling transverse diameter scope that hot pickled mustard tube warty stem expands between 7～10cm，Prevent hot pickled mustard tube warty stem because of too expand (namely transverse diameter is more than 10cm) cause its occur breach or reduce breach occur bar number，So，Pathogenic bacteria such as Erwinaaroideae (Towsend) Holland etc. is made (to be primarily present in rainwater、Soil、Insect body etc.) cannot can infect hot pickled mustard tube warty stem by breach by breach or only little pathogenic bacteria，Thus greatly reducing the probability of hot pickled mustard tube kind strain bacterial infection soft rot，Chosen seeds strain can normally be buddingged、Bolting is bloomed and sets seeds，Setting percentage is high，Effect of reserving seed for planting is good，Additionally，Reserve seed for planting the Growing Characters of kind of strain (such as squaring period、Peduncle-growing period for rapeseed and florescence) will not change，Plant strain warty stem transverse diameter to control at 7～10cm，Properties and characteristics and the economic characters of planting strain are expressed comparatively complete，Reach character determination standard，Can effectively carry out selecting excellent work of roguing according to breeding objective or variety characteristic，The final seed obtaining needs，Complete to reserve seed for planting.
Further, when the hot pickled mustard tube warty stem transverse diameter of chosen seeds strain is 7～8cm, first time cuts off the functional leaf of kind of strain, leaves 2～3 lobus cardiacuses；Properties and characteristics and the economic characters of now planting strain (when hot pickled mustard tube warty stem transverse diameter is 7～8cm) are expressed comparatively complete, sufficiently achieve character determination standard, hot pickled mustard tube warty stem can be controlled after prescinding functional leaf no longer expand, reduce hot pickled mustard tube warty stem and reduce its probability that breach occurs.
Further, the kind strain of bolting not yet after emerging latter 170 days, belong to the kind strain that bolting is later, after first time cuts leaf, planting strain and expand the stage still in warty stem before bolting, lobus cardiacus may proceed to be grown to serve as functional leaf, hot pickled mustard tube warty stem can be made to continue to expand, therefore expanding to transverse diameter at hot pickled mustard tube warty stem is 9～10cm (after first time cuts leaf 30～35 days), and second time cuts off the functional leaf of kind of strain, controls the transverse diameter of hot pickled mustard tube warty stem less than 10cm.
Further, the described sowing time is the normal sowing time (as Sichuan Basin hot pickled mustard tube is sowed at JIUYUE early and middle ten days) of local hot pickled mustard tube Production of Large Fields；In order to improve kind of the strain ability to anti-adverse environment, select outstanding kind of strain, it is possible to before normal sowing time being advanceed to sowing time 10～15 days.
Further, when described seedling transplanting time grows 6～7 true leaves for kind of a strain, true leaf can carry out photosynthesis, plants the survival rate after transplantation of seedlings higher；During transplanting, kind seeding row spacing is 0.3～0.33m, and suitable kind strain spacing can improve the survival rate of seedling.
Further, described fertilising refers to and executes N30～35kg on the seed-plot of every 666.7m2, executes P2O54.5～5kg, K2O4～6kg, plants the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 2 times spraying 3% after strain bolting, suitably sprays the borax solution 1 time of 5% florescence, meets the nutrient needed for the growth promoter of hot pickled mustard tube kind strain.
Further, kind selecting good strains in the field for seed, to select be using hot pickled mustard tube Breeding objective value or improved variety properties and characteristics as selection standard, select including the plant type of chosen seeds strain, blade profile, warty stem character, warty stem being expanded time, speed and yielding ability, squaring period, peduncle-growing period for rapeseed, disease resistance, retain the kind strain meeting breeding for quality target or properties and characteristics, pull out undesirable kind of strain；Prevent undesirable kind of strain and satisfactory kind of strain from pollinating each other, affect seed quality.
Further, the isolation of described branch refers to and chosen seeds strain uses Callophane Bag kind of a strain branch is carried out bagging before flowering, it is ensured that chosen seeds strain self-pollination；Because plant strain branch can continuous production, for avoiding kind of a strain branch to wear out Callophane Bag, it is necessary to every 1 day handbag 1 time.
Further, after the blossom fall that described kind of strain goes bag to refer in bagging after 5 days, plant strain and be fully finished self-pollination, Callophane Bag can be plucked, and fasten the kind strain branch overlapped with tie string.
Further, described seed collection includes kind of a strain harvesting, seed shatter, purification of seeds, seed dry and the storage of seeds, plant strain harvesting refer to when angle, kind of strain overlapped branch middle and upper part fruit from green to yellow time carry out even branch harvesting, tie up and be placed in, in after restrainting, ventilation of taking shelter from rain；Seed shatter adopts thresing machine to carry out threshing；After purification of seeds refers to the impurity (such as dead leaf, silt etc.) screening out in seed, more packed good with template；It is air-dry that seed dries employing；The storage of seeds refers to and seed is placed in cold drying place storage.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
A kind of hot pickled mustard tube is reserved seed for planting method, for reserving seed for planting of place, Chongqing hot pickled mustard tube kind " Yungan xiaoye ", comprises the steps:
1. seedbed and seed field select: all select sunny, irrigation and drainage good, the soil is porous, fertility uniformly, the good field of isolation condition；
2. sowing: seeding in nursery bed, selects the normal sowing time of locality, Chongqing Yungan xiaoye: annual early September；As in order to improve kind of the strain ability to anti-adverse environment, selected outstanding kind of strain, it is possible to before normal sowing time being advanceed to sowing time 10～15 days, about namely late August.After above-mentioned seeding in nursery bed, emerge after about 3 days；
3. transplantation of seedlings is planted: seedling is transplanted in seed field when 6～7 true leaves, and seeding row spacing is 0.3～0.33m；
4. strain management is planted:
A) fertilising: every 666.7m2Execute N (i.e. nitrogenous fertilizer) 30～35kg, execute P2O54.5～5kg, K2O4～6kg, sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 2 times of 3% after bolting, suitably spray the borax solution 1 time of 5% florescence.
B) irrigate: such as arid, Shi Shui, fertile number of times can be increased, reduce concentration of fertilizer or take the mode keeping crop seedling from drought of furrow irrigation with hydromining.
C) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: Yungan xiaoye is easy to get virosis, downy mildew, do not have insect resistace yet, carry out prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control focus the seedbed phase, bloom before and Post flowering 50% mieyajing cream or the spraying of 1500～2000 times of liquid of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder eliminate aphis diseases prevention viral disease and Pieris rapae etc., use the spraying such as 500～800 times of liquid of 70% mancozeb wettable powder or 75% 800 times of liquid of Bravo wettable powder to control its development at the downy mildew initial stage.
D) plant and select good strains in the field for seed and select: the properties and characteristics having using hot pickled mustard tube kind Yungan xiaoye is as selection standard, select tool medium plant type plant height 48～50cm, degree of development 54～56cm, leaf oblong, dark green leaf color, leaf without seta, leaf edge sawtooth, sliver 3～4 pairs, the nearly spheroidal of warty stem, the warty stem time of expanding be November early and middle ten days, speed is medium, emerge to 150～152 days squaring periods, and the kind strain without pest and disease damage neat to peduncle-growing period for rapeseed 155～157 days and growth of emerging as kind of a strain of reserving seed for planting.Manually extract the kind strain not meeting above-mentioned requirements.
E) leaf is cut:
First time cut leaf: about emerging latter about 150 days, plant strain enter warty stem expand rear mid-term, when hot pickled mustard tube warty stem expand to transverse diameter be 7～8cm time, chosen seeds strain is prescinded its functional leaf, leaves 2～3 lobus cardiacuses.
It is to be noted that the petiole of functional leaf is close to hot pickled mustard tube warty stem is connected when cutting leaf, damage hot pickled mustard tube warty stem during in order to prevent from cutting leaf, is therefore cutting Ye Shixu and stays the petiole of functional leaf.
F) branch isolation: choose seeds strain uses 1～2 long 25cm before flowering, its branch is carried out bagging by the Callophane Bag of width 15cm, every 1 day handbag 1 time, it is ensured that isolation effect.
G) plant strain and remove bag: pluck Callophane Bag after the blossom fall observing in bagging in 5 days, and fasten the kind strain branch overlapped with tie string.
5. seed collection:
H) plant strain harvesting: plant angle, strain overlapped branch middle and upper part fruit from green to yellow time can connect branch harvesting, tie up in restraint, be placed in ventilation of taking shelter from rain.
I) seed shatter: use thresing machine to carry out threshing after angle fruit is dried, obtain the seed reserved seed for planting.
J) purification of seeds, dry and preserve: adopt manually or mechanically seed is cleaned, remove the impurity such as dead leaf therein, silt, packed good with template again, hang over ventilation carry out air-dry/dry (should not be exposed to the sun for a long time under burning sun), be finally placed in cold drying place storage.
Experimental design: alternative condition essentially identical (sunny, irrigation and drainage are good, the soil is porous, fertility uniformity, isolation condition good) two pieces of experiments with reserving seed for planting, every piece is tested seed field area is 666.7m2, is respectively designated as No. 1 ground, No. 2 ground.Transplanting the Yungan xiaoye seedling of growth neat and consistent in No. 1 ground, No. 2 ground, 6000 strains are transplanted in every piece of experiment field simultaneously.Experimental group selects No. 1 ground, and experimental group adopts the hot pickled mustard tube method of reserving seed for planting disclosed in the present embodiment 1 to reserve seed for planting, and contrast groups selects No. 2 ground, and contrast groups and experimental group are different in that: contrast groups does not cut leaf operation, and all the other steps of reserving seed for planting are all identical with experimental group.Respectively peduncle-growing period for rapeseed and florescence investigate No. 1 ground, No. 2 ground Yungan xiaoye kind strain warty stem breaches and rot a situation arises, experimental result is added up, statistical table is as follows:
The results show: have employed the experimental group cutting leaf operation, the breach number of the warty stem of Yungan xiaoye kind strain is significantly less than the contrast groups not taking to cut leaf operation, the rotting rate planting strain is about the 1/20 of contrast groups, and it is known through observing, the kind strain of experimental group reaches properties and characteristics and fully manifests, the properties and characteristics of kind of strain and economic characters can be selected and identify, be conducive to improving breeding selection effect and keeping kind of a property.
Note: plant strain warty stem rotting rate average and refer to: warty stem number in the warty stem/seed field rotted in seed field.
Embodiment 2
Kind for the boltings such as the broken leaf of hot pickled mustard tube kind half, Zhejiang paulownia No. later (after emerging latter 170 days bolting), the leaf that cuts that its maximum distinctive points reserving seed for planting step and embodiment 1 is in that in kind of strain management operates: needs to carry out second time and cuts leaf, namely it is after first time cuts leaf in 30～35 days, hot pickled mustard tube warty stem expand to transverse diameter be 9～10cm time, again prescind the functional leaf of kind of strain, leave 2～3 lobus cardiacuses.
All the other steps such as seedbed and seed-plot select, sowing, plant transplantation of seedlings, seed collection step and plant fertilising in strain management, irrigations, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, seed selection, cut leaf for the first time, cut off, plant strain and go bag etc. to operate, except adjusting to some extent because of kind difference, all identical with embodiment 1.
Explanation of nouns: in this specification, the functional leaf of indication refers to and can carry out photosynthesis in plant, accumulation Organic substance is, and the Organic substance that the will build up on blade that is transported to economic flow rate center or organic centre, plays an important role in crop yield forming process.
The protection domain that this application claims should be as the criterion with the content of its claim, and the detailed description of the invention in description etc. records the content that may be used for explaining claim.
Claims (10)
1. a hot pickled mustard tube is reserved seed for planting method, include seedbed successively to select with seed-plot, sow, plant transplantation of seedlings, plant strain management and seed collection step, kind of strain management includes fertilising, irrigations, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, kind are selected good strains in the field for seed selects, branch is isolated and bag is removed in kind strain, it is characterized in that, also including in described kind of strain management kind selects good strains in the field for seed select after cut leaf operation, this cuts leaf operation is the functional leaf cutting off chosen seeds strain.
2. a kind of hot pickled mustard tube according to claim 1 is reserved seed for planting method, it is characterised in that: carry out cutting leaf when the hot pickled mustard tube warty stem transverse diameter of chosen seeds strain is 7～8cm and operate and leave 2～3 lobus cardiacuses.
3. a kind of hot pickled mustard tube according to claim 2 is reserved seed for planting method, it is characterised in that: to the kind strain of bolting not yet after emerging latter 170 days, when hot pickled mustard tube warty stem transverse diameter is 9～10cm, carry out again cut leaf operation.
4. a kind of hot pickled mustard tube according to claim 3 is reserved seed for planting method, it is characterised in that: the time of described sowing is the normal sowing time of local hot pickled mustard tube Production of Large Fields, or before normal sowing time 10～15 days.
5. a kind of hot pickled mustard tube according to claim 4 is reserved seed for planting method, it is characterised in that: when the time of described kind of transplantation of seedlings grows 6～7 true leaves for kind of a strain, during transplanting, kind seeding row spacing is 0.3～0.33m.
6. a kind of hot pickled mustard tube according to claim 5 is reserved seed for planting method, it is characterized in that: described fertilising refers to be executed N30～35kg on the seed-plot of every 666.7m2, execute P2O54.5～5kg, K2O4～6kg, spray the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution 2 times of 3% after kind of strain bolting, spray the borax solution 1 time of 5% florescence.
7. a kind of hot pickled mustard tube according to claim 6 is reserved seed for planting method, it is characterized in that: planting selects good strains in the field for seed selects is using hot pickled mustard tube Breeding objective value or improved variety properties and characteristics as selection standard, select including the plant type of chosen seeds strain, blade profile, warty stem character, warty stem being expanded time, speed and yielding ability, squaring period, peduncle-growing period for rapeseed, disease resistance, retain the kind strain meeting breeding for quality target or properties and characteristics, pull out undesirable kind of strain.
8. a kind of hot pickled mustard tube according to claim 7 is reserved seed for planting method, it is characterised in that: the isolation of described branch refers to and chosen seeds strain uses Callophane Bag kind of a strain branch carries out bagging before flowering, and every 1 day handbag 1 time.
9. a kind of hot pickled mustard tube according to claim 8 is reserved seed for planting method, it is characterised in that: pluck Callophane Bag after 5 days after the blossom fall that described kind of strain goes bag to refer in bagging, and fasten the kind strain branch overlapped with tie string.
10. a kind of hot pickled mustard tube according to claim 9 is reserved seed for planting method, it is characterized in that: described seed collection includes kind of a strain harvesting, seed shatter, purification of seeds, seed dry and the storage of seeds, kind of strain harvesting refer to when angle, kind of strain overlapped branch middle and upper part fruit from green to yellow time carry out even branch harvesting, tie up and be placed in, in after restrainting, ventilation of taking shelter from rain；Seed shatter adopts thresing machine to carry out threshing；After purification of seeds refers to the impurity screening out in seed, more packed good with template；It is air-dry that seed dries employing；The storage of seeds refers to and seed is placed in cold drying place storage.
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| CN201610127279.9A CN105746135B (en) | 2016-03-07 | 2016-03-07 | A kind of hot pickled mustard tuber is reserved seed for planting method |
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| CN201610127279.9A CN105746135B (en) | 2016-03-07 | 2016-03-07 | A kind of hot pickled mustard tuber is reserved seed for planting method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106489488A (en) * | 2016-10-30 | 2017-03-15 | 王庆忠 | A kind of mustard seeds planting technology |
| CN107517711A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2017-12-29 | 孙立成 | A kind of Lythrum salicaria seed collection method |
| CN110419399A (en) * | 2019-08-10 | 2019-11-08 | 董泽君 | A method of original silkworm egg is produced using the big strain of sub- mustard is embraced |
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| CN102687665A (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2012-09-26 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | Breeding method for improving yield and seed production purity of hot pickled mustard tubers |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106489488A (en) * | 2016-10-30 | 2017-03-15 | 王庆忠 | A kind of mustard seeds planting technology |
| CN107517711A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2017-12-29 | 孙立成 | A kind of Lythrum salicaria seed collection method |
| CN110419399A (en) * | 2019-08-10 | 2019-11-08 | 董泽君 | A method of original silkworm egg is produced using the big strain of sub- mustard is embraced |
| CN110419399B (en) * | 2019-08-10 | 2021-07-16 | 董泽君 | Method for producing original breeder seeds by utilizing large brussels mustard plants |
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