CN105742731B - 用于车辆电池的安全装置及其操作方法 - Google Patents

用于车辆电池的安全装置及其操作方法 Download PDF

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CN105742731B
CN105742731B CN201410768889.8A CN201410768889A CN105742731B CN 105742731 B CN105742731 B CN 105742731B CN 201410768889 A CN201410768889 A CN 201410768889A CN 105742731 B CN105742731 B CN 105742731B
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safety device
shock transducer
vehicle
movable casing
battery
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CN105742731A (zh
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林海圭
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Hyundai Motor Co
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    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R21/017—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including arrangements for providing electric power to safety arrangements or their actuating means, e.g. to pyrotechnic fuses or electro-mechanic valves
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    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
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    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
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    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R19/00—Wheel guards; Radiator guards, e.g. grilles; Obstruction removers; Fittings damping bouncing force in collisions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • B60R21/013—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract

本发明提供一种用于车辆电池的安全装置及其操作方法，其中该安全装置包括：被固定到车身的固定壳体；可移动壳体，可移动地布置于固定壳体，以便因外部冲击而移动；冲击传感器，布置于固定壳体，并且被配置成因可移动壳体的移动而破裂；以及弹性部件，被配置成在外部冲击之后向可移动壳体提供恢复力。

Description

用于车辆电池的安全装置及其操作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于车辆电池的安全装置，更具体涉及一种用于车辆电池的安全装置以及操作该安全装置的方法，其能够减少或防止车辆电池发生诸如火灾或爆炸等安全事故。
背景技术
近年来，随着装备在包含混合动力车在内的车辆中的电气和电子设备数量的增加，人们已开发出使用42V电池来取代现有的12V电池。在工作中，混合动力车同时使用内燃机和电动机。通常情况下，在车辆起动时，以及在以较低速度行驶时，混合动力车利用电力来驱动。在车辆加速或以大致恒定的速度行驶时，使用汽油系统。当车辆以增大的速度行驶时，驱动系统同时使用电力和汽油系统，然后在车辆停止时，使用从利用汽油系统自动返回到电动机的自动转换方法。由于电驱动系统的广泛使用，混合动力车需要大容量的电池。
然而，在车辆中使用大容量电池存在内在危险。例如，当发生意外事故时(例如，翻车等，或者在发生外部冲击时)，电池连续地向车辆的电气部件供应功率，因此可能增大短路或二次火灾的风险。
由于用于控制根据相关现有技术的车辆电池的装置，利用电子冲击传感器来检测车辆碰撞，因此基于冲击传感器的性能来确定是否操作用于控制车辆电池的装置，以及确定冲击传感器是否被操作的可靠性可能会降低。此外，用于控制车辆电池的相关现有技术包括复杂的，结构，并且需要大量部件，因此其成本较高。
发明内容
本发明一方面提供一种用于车辆电池的安全装置以及用于操作该安全装置的方法，其能够利用机械信号感测冲击强度和危险的可能性，切断到电池组的电源。根据本发明的示例性实施例，用于车辆电池的安全装置可包括：被配置成固定到车身的固定壳体；可移动壳体，可移动地布置于固定壳体，以便因外部冲击而移动；冲击传感器，布置于固定壳体，并且被配置成在冲击时因可移动壳体的移动而破裂；以及弹性部件，被配置成在外部冲击之后向可移动壳体提供恢复力。
用于车辆电池的安全装置，还可包括：破裂部，被配置成在可移动壳体中朝向冲击传感器可延伸地形成，以便因可移动壳体的移动而使冲击传感器破裂。冲击传感器可包括凹口，该凹口促使冲击传感器破裂。冲击传感器可包括导电材料，冲击传感器还设有连接器，该连接器电连接到车辆的电池组的电池管理系统(BMS)。
根据本发明另一个示例性实施方式，一种用于操作发生碰撞车辆的车辆电池的安全装置的方法。该安全装置可包括：被配置成固定到车身的固定壳体；可移动壳体，被配置成可移动地布置于固定壳体，以便因外部冲击而移动；冲击传感器，布置于固定壳体，并且被配置成在冲击时因可移动壳体的移动而破裂；以及电池组的电池管理系统。该方法可包括：由控制器确定感测电压是否为0V；以及当感测电压为大约0V时，由所述控制器请求关断车辆的功率继电器组件(PRA)的继电器。在确定感测电压是否为大约0V的步骤中，当冲击传感器破裂时，感测值为大约0V。在控制器的请求步骤中，当感测电压为大约0V时，还可以请求开启车辆控制器的警报灯。
附图说明
通过下面的详细描述，并结合附图，本发明的上述及其它目的、特征和优点将会更加显而易见，其中：
图1为示意性示出根据本发明示例性实施例的用于车辆电池的安全装置的示例性视图；
图2为用于图1的车辆电池的安全装置在受到冲击时的示例性使用状态图；以及
图3为示出根据本发明示例性实施例的用于操作车辆电池的安全装置的方法的示例性流程图。
10：固定壳体
20：可移动壳体
21：破裂部
30：冲击传感器
31：凹口
33：连接器
40：弹性部件。
具体实施方式
可以理解的是，本文中所使用的术语“车辆”或“车辆的”或其它类似的术语包括一般而言的机动车辆，比如包含运动型多用途车辆(SUV)、公共汽车、货车，各种商用车辆的客车、包含各种轮船和舰船的船只、飞行器等等，并且包括混合动力车辆、电动汽车、混合动力电动汽车、氢动力汽车和其它替代燃料汽车(例如，从除了石油以外的资源中取得的燃料)。如在本文中所引用的，混合动力车辆是具有两种或多种动力来源的车辆，例如汽油动力车辆和电动动力车辆二者。
尽管示例性实施例被描述为使用多个单元来执行示例性过程，然而可以理解的是，该示例性过程还可以由一个或多个模块来执行。另外，可以理解的是，术语控制器/控制单元指的是包括存储器和处理器的硬件设备。存储器被配置成存储模块，处理器被专门配置成执行上述模块，从而执行一个或多个过程，下面进一步详述。
此外，本发明的控制逻辑可被实施为包含由处理器、控制器等执行的可执行程序指令的计算机可读介质上的非短暂计算机可读介质。计算机可读介质的例子包括，但不局限于，ROM、RAM、光盘(CD)-ROM、磁带、闪存盘、智能卡和光数据存储装置。计算机可读记录介质也可以分布在连接计算机系统的网络中，以使计算机可读介质可以以分布式方式，例如，通过电信息通信服务器或控制器区域网(CAN)，被存储和执行。
本文所用的术语仅用于描述特定实施例的目的，而并非旨在限制本发明。除非上下文明确指出，否则如本文中所使用的单数形式“一”、“一个”和“该”等意图也包括复数形式。还应该理解的是，在本说明书中使用“包括”和/或“包含”等术语时，是意图说明存在该特征、整数、步骤、操作、元素和/或组件，而不排除一个或多个其它特征、整数、步骤、操作、元素、组件、和/或其组合的存在或增加。如本文中所使用的，术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关列出项目的任何和所有组合。
除非明确指出或可从上下文明显看出，否则如本文中使用的术语“约”被理解为在本领域中的正常公差范围内，例如，在平均数的两个标准偏差内。“约”可以被理解为在规定值的10％、9％、8％、7％、6％、5％、4％、3％、2％、1％、0.5％、0.1％、0.05％或0.01％内。除非从上下文可以明确知道，否则本文所提供的所有数值都可由术语“约”修正。
在下文中，将参考附图详细描述本发明的示例性实施例。然而，本发明不应被限于或受约束于以下的示例性实施例。在每张附图中，附图标记始终指代本发明的相同或等同部件。
图1示意性地示出根据本发明示例性实施例的用于车辆电池的安全装置的示例图。如图1所示，用于车辆电池的安全装置可包括：固定到车身的固定壳体10；可移动壳体20，可移动地设置在固定壳体10中，以便因外部冲击而移动；冲击传感器30，布置于固定壳体10，以便因可移动壳体20的移动而破裂；以及弹性部件40，被配置成向可移动壳体20提供恢复力。
固定壳体10可被固定到车身。特别地，固定壳体10可安装在车身内、电池的安装部附近，例如安装在电池因冲击而受损或破裂之前安全装置可首先感测到冲击(例如，由外部碰撞而产生的)的位置。在示例性实施例中，当电池安装在车辆的后部时，固定壳体10可安装在车辆后部、电池附近，使得安全装置可为后部碰撞做防备。出于相同的目的，优选地，固定壳体10可被固定到车身，位于电池安装在车辆内的位置。
图2是图1所示的安全装置在冲击期间的示例性使用状态图。参考图2，由图2中的虚线所示的可移动壳体20可滑动地安装在固定壳体10上，因此，可以因外部碰撞产生的冲击而可滑动地移动。换言之，可移动壳体20可布置在会发生外部碰撞的位置上，因此在外部碰撞产生冲击的情况下，可从固定壳体10的相反侧可滑动地移动到固定壳体10。冲击传感器30可布置在固定壳体10内，然而也可布置在固定壳体10与可移动壳体20之间。
此外，冲击传感器30可包括导电材料，且其一端或两端可包括连接器33，其中连接器33可电连接到车辆的电池组的电池管理系统(BMS)。冲击传感器30可被电力操作并且由车辆电池提供电力，并且电池组的电池管理系统可被配置成感测冲击传感器30上约4.5V到约5.5V的电压。此外，当可移动壳体20因外部碰撞而移动时，冲击传感器30可通过可移动壳体20而机械破裂，因此电池组的电池管理系统可被配置成，因破裂导体产生开路而感测到大约0V的电压。
当电池组的电池管理系统感测到0V时，电池组的电池管理系统可被配置成请求关断功率继电器组件(PRA)的继电器，以切断到高压功率继电器组件(PRA)的电源。具体地，可移动壳体20可包括破裂部21，该破裂部21可延伸到冲击传感器30，并且冲击传感器30可包括凹口31，在发生碰撞时，凹口31在可移动壳体20的移动作用下，使冲击传感器30破裂。此外，凹口31在冲击传感器30中的位置，可与破裂部21的位置相对应。
弹性部件40可布置在固定壳体10与可移动壳体20之间，用来向可移动壳体20提供恢复力，同时在可移动壳体20因外部碰撞而移动时减少可移动壳体20的过多移动力。弹性部件40可包括，但不限于弹簧、片弹簧、流体弹簧、扭簧和回位弹簧中的任何一个。当弹性部件40包括弹簧时，破裂部21可被插入到由破裂部21支撑的弹性部件40的大致中心。如上所述，用于车辆电池的安全装置可通过焊接等方式安装到车身。
下面将参考附图，详细描述根据本发明示例性实施例的用于操作车辆电池的安全装置的方法。图3为示出根据本发明示例性实施例的用于操作车辆电池的安全装置的方法的示例性流程图。用于操作车辆电池的安全装置的方法可包括：利用冲击传感器感测来自车辆外部的车辆碰撞的步骤(S1)。
此外，该方法可包括：当电连接到电池组的电池管理系统的冲击传感器30破裂时，通过感测电压约为0V，由处理器确定该冲击为潜在危险；以及当冲击传感器30未破裂时，通过由电池组的电池管理系统感测到的冲击传感器30的感测电压为约4.5V至约5.5V时，由处理器确定该冲击不是潜在危险(S2)。此外，在确定步骤(S2)中，当由处理器感测到的电压为大约0V时，该方法可包括，由控制器请求关断车辆的功率继电器组件(PRA)的继电器，以切断到电池的电源，从而防止因潜在的危险冲击引起诸如火灾或电池爆炸等意外事故。另外，在请求步骤(S3)中，当由处理器感测到的电压为大约0V时，控制器还可被配置成请求开启车辆控制器的警告灯。
如上所述，根据本发明的示例性实施例，用于车辆电池的安全装置可被配置成因碰撞而切断高压电源，以防止继电器熔化以及诸如火灾或电池爆炸等车辆事故，因此，即使在车辆的电气系统中使用高强度电流的情况下，仍可提高安全性。其他优点包括简化了结构，与需要安装单独的碰撞(冲击)传感器和气囊传感器的现有技术相比，本发明降低了制造成本，并且可根据可能的碰撞风险将安全装置的位置调整成与电池组的位置相对应，从而提高应用的适配性。
上面已经参考本发明的示例性实施方式对其进行了详细描述。然而，本领域技术人员应该理解的是，在不偏离本发明的原理和精神的情况下，还可以对这些实施方式进行修改，本发明的范围被限定在所附的权利要求及其等价形式中。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于车辆电池的安全装置，包括：
被固定到车身的固定壳体；
可移动壳体，可移动地布置于所述固定壳体，以便因外部冲击而移动；
冲击传感器，布置于所述固定壳体，并且被配置成因所述可移动壳体的移动而破裂；
弹性部件，被配置成在外部冲击之后向所述可移动壳体提供恢复力；以及
破裂部，被配置成在所述可移动壳体中朝向所述冲击传感器可延伸地形成，以便因所述可移动壳体的移动而使所述冲击传感器破裂。
2.如权利要求1所述的安全装置，其中所述冲击传感器包括凹口，所述凹口促使所述冲击传感器在碰撞时破裂。
3.如权利要求1所述的安全装置，其中所述冲击传感器包括导电材料。
4.如权利要求1所述的安全装置，其中所述冲击传感器还设有连接器，所述连接器电连接到所述车辆的电池组的电池管理系统BMS。
5.一种用于操作车辆电池的安全装置的方法，包括以下步骤：
由控制器检测外部碰撞；
由所述控制器确定由所述控制器感测的感测电压是否为0V；以及
当所述感测电压为0V时，由所述控制器请求关断所述车辆的功率继电器组件PRA的继电器，
其中在确定所述感测电压是否为0V的步骤中，当冲击传感器破裂时，由所述电池组的电池管理系统感测的感测值为0V。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，还包括：
响应于所述感测电压为0V，由所述控制器请求开启所述车辆控制器的警报灯。
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