CN105734691B - 用于制造熔喷无纺织物的喷丝头 - Google Patents

用于制造熔喷无纺织物的喷丝头 Download PDF

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CN105734691B
CN105734691B CN201510896261.0A CN201510896261A CN105734691B CN 105734691 B CN105734691 B CN 105734691B CN 201510896261 A CN201510896261 A CN 201510896261A CN 105734691 B CN105734691 B CN 105734691B
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理查德·史蒂文森
赛思·格莱曼
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Abstract

本发明公开了包括双模态喷丝头的双模态喷丝头系统和制造具有改善的特性的手术支持物的方法。所述双模态喷丝头包括至少一种孔径分布,以制造具有更加多样化的剪切历程和离模膨胀的纤维。采用了所述双模态喷丝头的系统和方法制造了熔喷无纺纤维毡,其被裁切为具有单模态喷丝头孔径所不可能得到独特的纤维性能(如差异化的荷载变形性能、抗弯刚度、聚合物纤维排列、纤维结晶度和后来的体外降解期间的强度保留)的手术支持物。

Description

用于制造熔喷无纺织物的喷丝头
技术领域
本发明涉及手术支持物和制造它们的设备,更具体地说,涉及配置以制造由熔喷过程制造的无纺纤维手术植入物或支持物的喷丝头。
背景技术
用于连续或同时向机体组织的接合段施用一行或多行紧固件的手术缝合装置是本领域所公知的。这种装置通常包括一对夹片,以在待接合的机体组织之间夹紧。通常地,所述夹片构件之一包括容纳多个U形钉的钉筒,而另一个夹片构件具有在所述U形钉从所述钉筒中钉出时界定形成U形钉腿的表面的砧板。当缝合相对较细或脆性的组织时,经常需要加固针对所述组织的缝合线路,以防止所述组织的撕裂或U形钉穿过所述组织。一种防止撕裂或穿过的方法包括在所述U形钉与下层组织之间布置生物相容性纤维增强材料或者“支持物”。
制造支持物的常规方法为:通过具有单模态分布的孔径的喷丝头将生物相容性材料挤出以形成纤维,收集所述纤维以制造纤维毡,然后裁切无纺纤维毡为预定的形状。然而,采用具有单模态分布的孔径的喷丝头产生了具有一定的柔韧性和强度的支持物。
应用现状要求提供一种用于制造会产生具有改善的柔韧性和强度特性的支持物的无纺纤维毡的喷丝头、系统和方法。
发明内容
[技术问题]
具体地,本发明提出一种喷丝头设计,其包括至少一种孔径分布,以制造具有更加多样化的剪切历程和离模膨胀的纤维。所有的这些优点给予了独特的纤维性能,如差异化的荷载变形性能、抗弯刚度、聚合物纤维排列、纤维结晶度和随后的体内降解期间的强度保留,而这些性能是所述单模态喷丝头孔径所不可能得到的。
[技术方案]
根据本发明的一些方面,提供了一种多模态喷丝头,包括定义了纵轴的主体,其中,所述主体包括第一侧面和第二侧面,以及顶面和底面,以及沿所述喷丝头的纵轴设置的至少两个孔洞,所述至少两个孔洞各自具有孔径,其中,至少一个孔洞具有第一直径,且至少一个孔洞具有不同于所述第一直径的第二直径。
所述喷丝头可包括另外的孔洞,其中,所述另外的孔洞各自具有等于所述第一或第二直径的孔径。所述喷丝头的所述另外的孔洞可以交替的第一和第二直径的方式沿所述喷丝头的纵轴分布,或者沿所述喷丝头的纵轴随机分布。具有第一直径的孔洞的数量可与具有第二直径的孔洞的数量相等。
在一些方面,所述另外的孔洞各自具有中心和边缘,所述另外的孔洞可沿所述喷丝头的纵轴分布,以使得所述另外的孔洞的中心之间的距离相等,或者各个所述另外的孔洞的各个边缘之间的距离相等。
在一些方面,所述喷丝头的所述至少两种孔洞具有孔深,其中,所述至少两个孔洞各自具有由孔深除以孔径所定义的比值。所述至少两个孔洞的各个比值可以相等或不相等。
根据本发明的另一方面,公开了一种制造无纺纤维毡的方法,包括:提供材料、挤出机和喷丝头,其中所述喷丝头定义了具有一种直径的至少一个孔洞,以及具有不同于所述第一直径的第二直径的至少一个孔洞;将所述喷丝头连接至所述挤出机;将所述材料供给至所述挤出机;在所述挤出机中熔融所述材料;通过所述喷丝头挤出熔融的材料来形成大量的纤维;以及将所述大量的纤维收集至传送带表面上以形成无纺纤维毡,其中,所述无纺纤维毡包含至少一种具有第一直径的纤维和至少一种具有第二直径的纤维。
在某些实施方式中,所述材料为选自丙交酯均聚物、乙交酯均聚物、聚二噁烷酮均聚物、乙交酯三亚甲基碳酸酯共聚物、乙交酯丙交酯共聚物、乙交酯二噁烷酮三亚甲基碳酸酯共聚物和乙交酯己内酯三亚甲基碳酸酯丙交酯共聚物中的聚合物。
在某些实施方式中,所述材料为生物可吸收聚合物材料。所述聚合物的熔融温度可在约180至约270摄氏度之间。在另外的实施方式中,所述聚合物的熔融温度在约80摄氏度至约190摄氏度之间。
所述方法还可包括:当所述大量的纤维离开所述喷丝头时且被收集至传送带表面上之前向所述大量的纤维吹送热风。所述热风可具有大于或等于所述大量的纤维的熔融温度的温度。所述热风可具有约225至约290摄氏度之间的温度。所述热风可具有约240摄氏度的温度。
在某些实施方式中,所述方法包括采用设置为化学改性或功能化所述无纺纤维毡的表面的可电离气体种或可电离气体种的组合来等离子体处理所述无纺纤维毡的至少一部分表面。所述可电离气体种选自空气、水蒸气、氧气、氮气、氩气和它们的组合。
在某些实施方式中,所述方法包括在等离子体处理所述无纺纤维毡之前向所述无纺纤维毡施加热和压力。
在某些实施方式中,所述无纺材料被裁切为与线性手术缝合器的组织接触表面的形状相对应的形状。在另外的实施方式中,所述无纺材料被裁切为与圆形手术缝合器的组织接触表面的形状相对应的形状。
根据本发明的另一方面,公开了一种制造用于手术缝合器的手术支持物的系统,包括:设置为接收并熔融材料的挤出机;连接所述挤出机并设置为形成大量的纤维的喷丝头,其中所述喷丝头定义了至少两个不同尺寸的孔洞;以及设置为接收由所述喷丝头挤出的所述大量的纤维的传送带表面。所述挤出机可达到约180至约270摄氏度之间的温度,或者约80摄氏度至约190摄氏度之间的温度。所述系统可包括吹风机和/或压缩空气,其中,当所述大量的纤维离开所述喷丝头时所述吹风机和/或压缩空气向所述大量的纤维吹送热风。
在某些实施方式中,来自所述吹风机和/或压缩空气的热风可具有大于或等于所述大量的纤维的熔融温度的温度。所述热风可具有大约在225至290摄氏度之间的温度。
在某些实施方式中,所述系统可包括等离子体处理设备,其中所述等离子体处理设备采用设置为化学改性或功能化所述无纺纤维毡的表面的可电离气体种或可电离气体种的组合来处理所述无纺纤维毡的至少一部分表面。所述可电离气体种选自空气、水蒸气、氧气、氮气、氩气和它们的组合。
在某些实施方式中,所述系统可包括裁切设备以将所述无纺纤维毡裁切为支持物。所述无纺纤维毡被裁切为与线性手术缝合器的组织接触表面的形状相对应的形状,或者被裁切为与圆形手术缝合器的组织接触表面的形状相对应的形状。
附图说明
根据说明书与如下附图,本发明的上述意图和优势将会变得更加明了:
图1为根据本发明的制造手术支持物的系统的示意图;
图2为用于图1的系统的根据本发明的一个实施方式的喷丝头的透视图;
图3为图2的喷丝头的仰视图;
图4为图2的喷丝头的前面的主视图;
图5为沿着图4的5-5所得到的图2和3的喷丝头的截面;
图6为适于进行根据本发明的无纺纤维毡的等离子体处理的设备的示意图;
图7为图示了制造无纺纤维毡的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种利用熔喷过程以制造具有纤维直径分布的无纺纤维毡的喷丝头设计、系统和方法。
为了便于讨论,就手术支持物的方面来讨论所述无纺纤维毡。然而,本领域的技术人员应当理解的是,此刻公开的无纺纤维毡可以是任意的手术植入物,如网片(meshes)、支架(scaffolds)、移植物(grafts)(例如,织物(fabrics)和/或管(tubes))、环(rings)、缝合线(sutures)、补片(patches)、吊带(slings)、脱脂棉(pledgets)、生长基质(growthmatrices)、药物输送器件、伤口填塞物(wound plugs),以及一般而言,软组织修复器件和手术假体。在其它的实施方式中,适宜的无纺纤维毡可以被裁切成可在医疗/外科手术中使用的局部施用的医疗制品,如伤口敷料(wound dressings)、遮盖物(coverings)、纱布(gauzes)等。
现在参照附图,在几个视图中,其中类似的部件用类似的附图标记表示。
参照图1,制造手术支持物材料的系统笼统地表示为10。如将在下面更详细地讨论,系统10通常包括双模态喷丝头100、设置为将材料210供应至喷丝头100的挤出机200、设置为吹送热风至纤维400上的吹风机和/或压缩空气500,以及将纤维400传送至等离子体设备700,然后送至裁切设备800的传送带600。
图2图示了根据本发明的一个实施方式的喷丝头100的透视图。喷丝头100包括主体部分101,其定义了由主体部分101的近端103延伸至远端104的纵轴102。优选地,喷丝头100可具有大致为V形的轮廓,不过喷丝头100可以是任何其它适合的形状。所述主体部分进一步定义了空腔107,其定义了沿着主体部分101的纵轴102形成的低谷108。沿着主体部分101的纵轴102设置的是至少两个通孔120、130。通孔120具有第一直径“D1”,而通孔130具有不同于第一直径“D1”的第二直径“D2”。第一直径“D1”可大于第二直径“D2”超过100%。最优地,第一和第二直径“D1”、“D2”之间的尺寸差异为至少10%。通常地,第一和第二直径“D1”、“D2”的范围为约0.13mm至约0.3mm,在一些实施方式中,为约0.175mm至约0.5mm。喷丝头100可由钢构成,不过也可采用任何其它适合的材料。
图3图示了喷丝头100的仰视图。在一个实施方式中,喷丝头100的主体部分101具有大量的孔洞110,其中所述大量的孔洞110包括通孔120、130。各个孔洞110具有等于第一或第二直径“D1”、“D2”的直径。孔洞110以交替的方式沿纵轴102设置,以使得具有第一直径“D1”的孔洞紧邻具有第二直径“D2”的孔洞。或者,孔洞110可以随机的方式(未显示)或任意所需的方式沿纵轴102设置。
仍旧参照图3,各个孔洞110为圆形,具有中心140和边缘150。各个孔洞110可沿纵轴102设置,以使得各个中心140之间的距离“L1”相等。或者,各个孔洞110可沿纵轴102设置,以使得各个边缘150之间的距离“L2”相等。
转到图4,喷丝头100的低谷108可大致是平的,且可设置尺寸使得宽度“W1”大于各个孔洞110。
图5所示的为沿着图4的截面线5-5所得到的喷丝头100的截面图。各个孔洞110具有由主体部分100的顶面105延伸至底面106的孔深。优选地,各个孔深不同;不过,各个孔深可以相同。在这里,通孔120具有孔深“HD1”,而通孔130具有大于孔深“HD1”的孔深“HD2”。
回顾图1,如上所述,喷丝头100被操作连接于挤出机200。挤出机200被设置为接收其中来自供应来源(未显示)的材料210。材料210可包括聚合物,例如由以下制得的聚合物:丙交酯、乙交酯、己内酯、戊内酯、碳酸酯类(例如,三亚甲基碳酸酯、四亚甲基碳酸酯等)、二噁烷酮类(例如,1,4-二噁烷酮)、δ-戊内酯、二氧杂环庚烷酮类(例如,1,4-二氧杂环庚烷-2-酮和1,5-二氧杂环庚烷-2-酮)、乙二醇、环氧乙烷、酯酰胺类、γ-羟基戊酸酯、β-羟基丙酸酯、α-羟基酸、羟基丁酸类、聚(原酸酯类)、羟基链烷酸酯类、酪氨酸碳酸酯类、聚(酰亚胺碳酸酯类)、聚(亚胺基碳酸酯类)(如聚(双酚A-亚胺基碳酸酯)和聚(对苯二酚-亚胺基碳酸酯))、聚氨酯类、聚酐类和聚合物药物类(例如,聚二氟尼柳(polydiflunisol)、聚阿司匹林和蛋白质治疗剂),以及它们的共聚物和组合。
在实施方式中,材料210可以是衍生自乙醇酸和乳酸的乙交酯和丙交酯的乳单体(lactomer)共聚物。在实施方式中,多孔无纺纤维毡可由乙醇酸与三亚甲基碳酸酯的共聚物、聚葡萄糖酸酯构成。
在另外的实施方式中,材料210可以是由乙交酯、二噁烷酮和三亚甲基碳酸酯组成的合成聚酯。聚合物可包括:约50重量%至约70重量%的乙交酯,在实施方式中,约55重量%至约65重量%的乙交酯,和在一些实施方式中,约60重量%的乙交酯;约4重量%至约24重量%的二噁烷酮,在实施方式中,约9重量%至约19重量%的二噁烷酮,以及在一些实施方式中,约14重量%的二噁烷酮;以及约16重量%至约36重量%的三亚甲基碳酸酯,在实施方式中,约21重量%至约31重量%的三亚甲基碳酸酯,以及在一些实施方式中,约26重量%的三亚甲基碳酸酯。
在另外的实施方式中,材料210可以是乙交酯和三亚甲基碳酸酯的共聚物。聚合物可包括:约55重量%至约75重量%的乙交酯,在实施方式中,约60重量%至约70重量%的乙交酯,和在一些实施方式中,约65重量%的乙交酯;以及约25重量%至约45重量%的三亚甲基碳酸酯,在实施方式中,约30重量%至约40重量%的三亚甲基碳酸酯,和在一些实施方式中,约35重量%的三亚甲基碳酸酯。
挤出机200被设置为加热材料210直至其变为熔融材料220,然后使熔融材料220进入喷丝头100并穿过其中的孔洞阵列。在一些实施方式中,喷丝头100的温度在约200摄氏度至约275摄氏度之间,在一些实施方式中,约235摄氏度至约255摄氏度之间。在一些实施方式中,喷丝头100上作用于熔融材料220的压力在约10巴至约80巴之间。在一些实施方式中,所述压力可达到125巴。
喷丝头100使熔融材料220形成具有不同纤维直径的纤维400。吹风机和/或压缩空气500吹送热风至离开喷丝头100的纤维400上,以使纤维400到达传送带表面600上。在一些实施方式中,所述热风具有约225摄氏度至约325摄氏度之间的温度,而在另外的实施方式中,所述热风具有约265摄氏度至约295摄氏度之间的温度。传送带表面600的速度在约1米每分钟至约10米每分钟之间。纤维400随机地落到传送带表面上,并在厚度上形成若干层。穿过传送带表面600使用了吸引器610以帮助纤维400相互紧实,以当纤维400冷却时形成无纺纤维毡410。
预期纤维400可在低温下生成。在某些实施方式中,纤维400由具有更低的熔融温度的材料210形成。例如,乙交酯、己内酯、三亚甲基碳酸酯和丙交酯的共聚物可在约140摄氏度至约185摄氏度之间被熔融挤出。因此,无纺纤维毡410可由具有约80摄氏度至约190摄氏度之间的熔融温度的聚合物熔融挤出的纤维400形成。
在实施方式中,单个纤维400的直径可以是约5μm至约100μm,在一些实施方式中,约10μm至约40μm,在一些实施方式中,约15μm至约35μm,在一些另外的实施方式中,约18μm至约33μm。在实施方式中,无纺纤维毡的410的厚度可以是约100μm至约400μm,在一些实施方式中,约100μm至约300μm,在一些实施方式中,约200μm至约250μm,在一些另外的实施方式中,约230μm。无纺纤维毡的410的重量可以是约75g/m2至约100g/m2,在实施方式中,约80g/m2至约95g/m2,在一些实施方式中,约87g/m2。应当被理解的是:不同的毡厚度、重量和多孔性可通过改变制造条件来选取。在某些实施方式中,所述织物可以在35至80g/m2之间。
根据本发明,无纺纤维毡的410可被化学改性,以使得无纺纤维毡的410的至少一部分表面亲水。例如,在实施方式中,无纺纤维毡的410被承载于传送带表面600上,并被传送至采用了等离子体处理的等离子体设备700。所述等离子体可由单一的气体种(如氧气、二氧化碳、氨气、氮气或氩气)形成。氧气的使用,例如,会导致氧化型的表面活化,如-OH、-CHO和/或-COOH基团的形成。设想还可使用其它气体,气体混合物,易挥发有机分子(如醇类)、水的蒸气或者空气等离子体。例如,可采用臭氧来替代氧气。在其它实施例中,可利用含氧分子、含氮分子或它们的混合物来生成等离子气体。在一些实施方式中,可连续使用等离子气体。
一旦纤维毡的410被等离子体处理,就将无纺纤维毡的410承载于传送带表面600上,并被传送至裁切设备800。裁切设备800将无纺纤维毡的410裁切为具有与线性或圆形缝合装置相对应的轮廓的手术支持物。
图6中显示了示例性的等离子体设备。等离子体设备700包括含有台架722(如不锈钢台架)的腔室721,以及之间会形成等离子体的一对平行的电极板724和726。射频发生器723被设置为发生器723的输出端与电极板724相连且电极板726接地的电势源,因而提供了在电极板724和726之间生成电场的装置,在电场中可制造并维持所述等离子体。为了提供形成所述等离子体的所需的气体,等离子体设备700包括通过进气系统732与腔室721相连的等离子气体源730(通常为标准气瓶)。等离子气体源730包括用于控制通过供给线路734的气体流量的阀门736。吹扫气体源742(如氦气)也通过线路744和阀门738与进气系统732相连。将真空泵740连接至腔室721以降低其中的气压。
优选地,无纺纤维毡410在连续轴对轴系统中经过轴之间的等离子体场而不需要支撑台架。或者,无纺纤维毡410被固定于腔室721内的位于电极板724和726之间的台架722上。或者,台架722可以是可移动的,以使得无纺纤维毡410可被拖过腔室721。操作进气系统732以允许来自等离子气体源730的反应的气体单体在生成等离子体之前通过供给线路734流入腔室721。
通过将射频发生器723的输出施加于电极板724而制造了所述等离子体。发生器723供应的功率处于维持所述等离子体所需的最小量,因为更高功率的等离子体只会损害无纺纤维毡410的表面。使所述等离子体与无纺纤维毡410的反应持续进行一段时间,该时间是根据所需的厚度和无纺纤维毡410的表面能和反应的蒸气中的气体单体的浓度而定。腔室721内的压力通过电容压力计746来测定,以在反应期间维持适当的压力。
所述反应期间之后,终止来自等离子气体源730的气流,关闭来自维持所述等离子体的发生器723的功率,并打开阀门738以允许气体从吹扫气体源742流入腔室721,以吹洗无纺纤维毡410表面的高反应性基团,该高反应性基团可导致无纺纤维毡410的表面被过早污染。随后关闭阀门738,打开腔室721以使得腔室721转变为大气压力,移出等离子体处理的无纺纤维毡410。
然后可通过本领域技术人员的水平范围之内的任意方法将等离子体处理的无纺纤维毡410消毒,所述方法包括但不仅限于:环氧乙烷、电子束、γ射线、高压蒸汽灭菌、等离子体消毒等。
应当理解的是:处理进行的条件可取决于一系列的因素,例如,所处理材料的类型、尺寸、厚度和多孔性;所使用的气体中的类型和浓度及其流量;所使用的等离子体技术体系;以及等离子体处理条件,如电压、压力、温度、持续时间等。
例如,所述等离子体可包括约1重量%至约100重量%的氧气、氮气或氩气,在实施方式中,约15重量%至约90重量%的氧气、氮气或氩气,以及在一些实施方式中,约25重量%至约75重量%的氧气、氮气或氩气。气体可具有约10sccm至约200sccm的质量流量,在实施方式中,约25sccm至约150sccm的质量流量,在一些实施方式中,约50sccm至约100sccm的质量流量。等离子体发生电极可在约25瓦至约1000瓦的功率下运行,在实施方式中,约50瓦至约750瓦的功率下运行,在一些实施方式中,约100瓦至约500瓦的功率下运行。处理压力可以是约25毫托至约500毫托,在实施方式中,约50毫托至约400毫托,在一些实施方式中,约100毫托至约250毫托。处理可在低于100℃的温度下进行,在实施方式中,在室温下进行。接触的时长可包括约10秒至约120分钟,在实施方式中,约30秒至约60分钟,在一些实施方式中,约2分钟至约30分钟。本领域的技术人员将会理解,处理的条件可在以上讨论所阐述的范围之外。
在实施方式中,根据本发明处理的无纺纤维毡410还可经历等离子体聚合过程以在无纺纤维毡410的至少一部分表面上形成聚合物涂层。这些方法公开于,例如,美国专利第7,294,357号和美国专利申请公开第2013/0123816号中,其全部的内容以引用的方式并入本文中。
用于形成所述聚合物涂层的单体可利用本领域的技术人员所公知的等离子态聚合技术在无纺纤维毡410的表面上直接聚合。简单地说,通过在等离子状态下活化所述单体使所述单体聚合于无纺纤维毡410的表面上。所述等离子态产生了可形成高度交联和高度分支的超薄聚合物涂层的高反应性种,所述超薄聚合物涂层在等离子体聚合期间被沉积于无纺纤维毡410的表面上。
在实施方式中,具有可聚合的不饱和基团的适宜的有机单体或单体混合物被导入到腔室中,在这里除了活化的等离子气体之外,所述单体被分裂和/或活化形成的进一步激发种。所述单体的激发种或片段一旦接触无纺纤维毡410的表面即重新组合,以形成包括复杂多样的不同基团和化学键且形成高度交联的聚合物涂层的主要的无定型结构(undefined structure)。如果存在氧、氮、氩或具有这些元素的分子,无论是在聚合物涂布过程期间的等离子体反应器中或是等离子过程之后的在聚合物涂布的无纺纤维毡410暴露于氧气或空气时,聚合沉积层将会包含多种极性基团。
在实施方式中,等离子体聚合可采用溶剂,如二甘醇二甲醚和四甘醇二甲醚,以产生类似PEG的表面。在另外的实施方式中,等离子体聚合可采用含氟化合物,如脂肪族含氟气体,以产生氟化聚合物表面。
聚合物沉积在无纺纤维毡410上的量和相对位置受到至少三个几何因素的影响:(1)电极板的位置和电荷分布;(2)单体流动;以及(3)无纺纤维毡410在所述腔室中的位置。实际上,来自射频发生器的放电可被施加于所述腔室内的电极板上,且所选的单体可被导入到所述腔室中并被激励为等离子体,使所述电极板之间的空间充满由所述单体产生的大量的活性自由基和较少量的离子和自由电子。当无纺纤维毡410经过所述电极板或放置于其间时,无纺纤维毡410的表面会受到自由基的碰撞,导致所述聚合物涂层的形成。
在实施方式中,可在所述等离子体聚合过程中采用含亲水端基的硅氧烷单体以在无纺纤维毡410的表面上产生聚合物涂层。在一些实施方式中,可采用单独的或与共聚单体混合的脂肪族氢-环状硅氧烷(aliphatic hydrocyclosiloxane)以提供具有同质或混合性能的涂层的聚合物涂层。例如,通过将活性功能化单体、有机类单体或碳氟单体连同脂肪族氢-环状硅氧烷单体一起导入所述等离子体聚合系统中,可控制含有所选单体的等离子体共聚脂肪族氢-环状硅氧烷涂层的物理孔径和化学亲和势。这允许共聚的等离子体聚合物涂层用于要求所述涂层区分某些类型的气体、离子和分子的用途,且其还可被用于向所述聚合物涂层引入官能团,所述官能团反过来能有助于将亲水性分子连接至所述聚合物涂层。
现参照图7,详述了喷丝头100在制造无纺纤维毡的系统中的使用和运行。尽管针对喷丝头100和图1的系统10的详述是用于示例目的,但本文详述的系统也适用于采用其它的喷丝头来制造无纺纤维毡。
首先,如步骤810所示,向挤出机200提供适量的材料210。然后,启动挤出机200。一旦启动,如步骤820所示,挤出机200加热材料210直至其变为熔融材料220。如步骤830所示,于是挤出机200继续运行使熔融材料220穿过喷丝头100中的孔洞110阵列(见图3),因而制得了纤维400。如步骤840和843所示,启动吹风机和/或压缩空气500在纤维400离开喷丝头100时向其吹送热风。如步骤850所示,之后将空气吹送的纤维400收集至传送带表面600上,冷却以形成无纺纤维毡410。如上所述,传送带表面600包括吸引器610以在纤维400冷却时将其吸引在一起。
所述方法还包括等离子体处理无纺纤维毡410。如步骤860所示,无纺纤维毡410被传送至等离子体处理设备700。传送可通过传送带表面600或手工进行。在步骤870中,启动等离子体处理设备700从而表面处理无纺纤维毡410。参照图6论述了操作等离子体处理设备700的详细讨论。如步骤860所示,等离子体处理之后,无纺纤维毡410被传送至裁切设备800。在步骤890中,随后启动裁切设备800将无纺纤维毡410裁切为具有与线性或圆形手术缝合装置相对应的轮廓的手术支持物。不过,如上所述,本领域的技术人员应当理解的是,此刻公开的无纺纤维毡可被裁切以形成任意的手术植入物,如网片、支架、移植物等。
尽管附图中显示了本发明的若干实施方式,但并不意指本发明仅限于此,而是意指本发明在技术允许的尽可能宽的范围内和说明书所记载的范围。例如,已公开了双模态的喷丝头,但在其它的实施方式中可采用多种不同直径的孔洞。在本文公开的任意实施方式中,可以规范或随机的方式排列所述孔洞。其间距可相等或不等。在某些实施方式中,可采用向熔融的聚合物注入冷空气的技术且/或可采用消除纤维毡沉积期间来自所述系统的加工热量的技术。在本文公开的任意实施方式中,所述材料可被退火。在任意的实施方式中,可将所述材料形成或裁切为片、线或可制成的三维形状。在某些实施方式中,可采用染料以获得特有的颜色或使得所述材料不透明。在任意的实施方式中,可采用施加压力或压紧所述材料的步骤以压缩所述材料、改善厚度控制或为了一些其它的原因。因此,以上内容不应被解读为限定,而只不过是特定实施方式的示例。本领域的技术人员可预见到所附权利要求书的范围和实质之内的其它变化。

Claims (20)

1.一种双模态喷丝头,其包括:
定义了纵轴的主体,所述主体包括顶面和底面,所述主体定义了空腔,所述空腔用于在其中接收一些材料,其中所述空腔包括低谷;以及
位于所述空腔的低谷上的沿着所述喷丝头的纵轴设置的至少两个孔洞,所述至少两个孔洞各自具有孔径,其中,至少一个孔洞具有第一直径,且至少一个孔洞具有不同于所述第一直径的第二直径,
其中,所述低谷大致是平的,并且
其中,所述至少两个孔洞各自具有在所述顶面和底面之间延伸的孔深,具有所述第一直径的所述至少一个孔洞具有第一孔深,并且具有所述第二直径的所述至少一个孔洞具有不同于所述第一孔深的第二孔深。
2.根据权利要求1所述的喷丝头,其中,所述第一直径大于所述第二直径至少10%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的喷丝头,其中,所述第一直径大于所述第二直径超过100%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的喷丝头,其中,所述喷丝头进一步包括另外的孔洞,其中所述另外的孔洞各自具有等于所述第一直径或第二直径的孔径。
5.根据权利要求4所述的喷丝头,其中,所述另外的孔洞以交替的第一直径和第二直径的方式沿所述喷丝头的纵轴设置。
6.根据权利要求4所述的喷丝头,其中,所述另外的孔洞沿所述喷丝头的纵轴随机分布。
7.根据权利要求4所述的喷丝头,其中,所述另外的孔洞各自具有中心,且所述另外的孔洞沿所述喷丝头的纵轴设置,以使得所述另外的孔洞的中心之间的距离相等。
8.根据权利要求4所述的喷丝头,其中,所述另外的孔洞各自具有边缘,且其中各个所述另外的孔洞的各个边缘之间的距离相等。
9.根据权利要求1所述的喷丝头,其中,具有第一直径的孔洞的数量与具有第二直径的孔洞的数量相等。
10.根据权利要求1所述的喷丝头,其中,所述至少两个孔洞各自具有由孔深除以孔径所定义的比值。
11.根据权利要求10所述的喷丝头,其中,所述至少两个孔洞的各个比值相等。
12.根据权利要求10所述的喷丝头,其中,所述至少两个孔洞的各个比值不相等。
13.一种制造无纺纤维毡的方法,所述方法包括:
提供材料、挤出机和权利要求1至12任一项所述的双模态喷丝头;
将所述喷丝头连接至所述挤出机;
将所述材料供给至所述挤出机;
在所述挤出机中熔融所述材料;
通过所述喷丝头挤出熔融的材料来形成大量的纤维;以及
将所述大量的纤维收集至传送带表面上以形成无纺纤维毡,其中,所述无纺纤维毡包括至少一种具有第一直径的纤维和至少一种具有不同于所述第一直径的第二直径的纤维。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中,所述材料为选自丙交酯均聚物、乙交酯均聚物、聚二噁烷酮均聚物、乙交酯三亚甲基碳酸酯共聚物、乙交酯丙交酯共聚物、乙交酯二噁烷酮三亚甲基碳酸酯共聚物和乙交酯己内酯三亚甲基碳酸酯丙交酯共聚物中的聚合物。
15.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中,所述材料为生物可吸收聚合物材料。
16.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中,所述材料的熔融温度在180至270摄氏度之间。
17.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中,所述材料的熔融温度在80摄氏度至190摄氏度之间。
18.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其进一步包括在所述大量的纤维离开所述喷丝头时且被收集至所述传送带表面上之前向所述大量的纤维吹送热风。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其中,所述热风具有大于或等于所述大量的纤维的熔融温度的温度。
20.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其中,所述热风具有225至290摄氏度之间的温度。
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