CN105732197A - Special nutrient solution for preventing and controlling peach tree yellowing and preparation and application thereof - Google Patents
Special nutrient solution for preventing and controlling peach tree yellowing and preparation and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105732197A CN105732197A CN201610071968.2A CN201610071968A CN105732197A CN 105732197 A CN105732197 A CN 105732197A CN 201610071968 A CN201610071968 A CN 201610071968A CN 105732197 A CN105732197 A CN 105732197A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant fertilizer preparation, and particularly relates to a special nutrient solution for preventing and controlling peach tree yellowing and preparation and application thereof.The nutrient solution is composed of multiple nutrient elements and plant hormones which are needed by peach tree growth and development, the leaf quality and the adversity stress resisting capacity of peach trees are improved by improving the physiological metabolism function of trees and regulating the nutrient growth condition, the obvious effects on improving the fruit quality and increasing the fruit yield are achieved, and peach tree yellowing can be thoroughly cured after the nutrient solution is continuously used for 2 years; the nutrient solution can be used in the peach tree growth seasons, cannot cause leaf falling and fruit falling of the peach trees and is high in safety.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to vegetable fertilizer manufacturing technology field, be specifically related to a kind of special nutrient fluid preventing and treating peach tree yellow and preparation thereof and application.
Background technology
Fructus Persicae cultivation extensively, is the third-largest deciduous fruit tree of China, and how delicious its fruit juice is, is the traditional fruit deeply liked by China people.According to FAO's data, 2013, China's Fructus Persicae cultivated area 11,660,000 mu, yield 11,950,000 tons, account for the 50.5% and 55.2% of world's total amount respectively.
Yellows are physiological disturbances important during China peach tree produces, it is possible to causing tree vigo(u)r weak, fruit diminishes, and causes that yield and quality declines, and even whole orchard has no harvest.In prior art, the single iron fertilizers such as the ferrous sulfate major measure as treatment peach tree yellow is used in the many employings of orchard worker, but effect is unsatisfactory.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of special nutrient fluid preventing and treating peach tree yellow and preparation thereof and application, the present invention holding time is up to 4-5, and can effectively prevent and treat peach tree yellow.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
Design a kind of special nutrient fluid preventing and treating peach tree yellow, the percent mass of described nutritional solution is composed as follows: carbamide 8-12%, potassium nitrate 4.5-5.5%, zinc sulfate 2-3%, magnesium chloride 1.8-2.2%, manganese sulfate 0.8-1.2%, copper sulfate 0.023-0.027%, boric acid 0.7-0.9%, potassium iodide 1.85-2.15%, sodium selenite 0.4-0.6%, cobaltous chloride 0.02-0.03%, aspartic acid 0.003-0.005%, mannitol 0.45-0.55%, ferrous sulfate 7-8%, citric acid 0.7-0.9%, calcium chloride 0.4-0.6%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2-0.3%, paclobutrazol 0.15-0.25%, surplus is distilled water.
Preferably, the percent mass of described nutritional solution is composed as follows: carbamide 10%, potassium nitrate 5%, zinc sulfate 2.5%, magnesium chloride 2%, manganese sulfate 1%, copper sulfate 0.025%, boric acid 0.8%, potassium iodide 2%, sodium selenite 0.5%, cobaltous chloride 0.025%, aspartic acid 0.004%, mannitol 0.5%, ferrous sulfate 7.5%, citric acid 0.80%, calcium chloride 0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.25%, paclobutrazol 0.20%, surplus is distilled water.
Research through inventor finds, adopts the reason that single iron fertilizer preparation is difficult to effectively treat peach tree yellows to be in that in prior art:
1) iron deficiency is not the unique inducement causing peach tree yellow, the disappearance of the elements such as magnesium, manganese, nitrogen, potassium, zinc, copper all can cause the malnutrition of peach tree self, cause that blade presents yellow symptom, and public cognition for peach tree this technical problem of yellowing leaf is exactly peach tree iron deficiency in prior art, therefore only supplements single iron fertilizer preparation and cannot effectively treat peach tree yellow symptom；
2) activation of ferrum element and assimilation effect are poor, although soil is required more wide in range by peach tree plantation, but in alkalescence or calacareous soil, iron ion carbonate easily and in soil is combined into the insoluble chemical compound of ferrum, and to the effective Fe of plant2+Easily it is oxidized to invalid Fe3+, thus causing that ferrum element is not easily absorbed by plants, therefore in most cases suffer from the root soil of yellows peach tree, the actual content of ferrum element is not low, but tree body is low to absorption and the Utilization ability of ferrum, causes that yellows symptom occurs in peach tree.
3) peach tree is when planting conditions is suitable, and growing way is excessively prosperous, especially the pumping excessive velocities of branch and blade, directly results in the mineral element that tree body absorbs and cannot meet its growth demand, and Chlorophyll synthesis amount is relatively low so that yellow leaf.
On this, three kinds of reasons directly result in and apply the problem that single iron fertilizer preparation cannot solve peach tree yellow so that the fruiting rate compared with normal peach tree of yellow peach tree is substantially reduced, and brings serious economic loss to orchard worker.
For above-mentioned three kinds of factors, applicant is through scientific research and testing for many years, by the adjustment to the component of nutritional solution and proportioning thereof, it is possible to effectively solving the symptom of peach tree yellow, principle is as follows:
1) demand rule according to nutrient each in the growth and development process of peach tree, nutritional solution not only adds iron fertilizer, also added peach tree and grow other mineral elements needed in especially leaf growth process, peach tree is carried out supplementing of full nutrition element, each element reasonable mixture ratio, nutrient is balanced, meets the growth demand of tree body and blade, make blade present normal green state, and maintain normal physiological function；
2) for solving ferrum problem of poor mobility in peach tree blade, nutritional solution with the addition of a certain amount of aspartic acid, after ferrum is combined with aspartic acid, cell interior can be entered by active transport pathways through cell membrane and play a role, namely be more conducive to activation and the operating of ferrum；
3) in nutritional solution, with the addition of paclobutrazol (having another name called PP333) component, the basis of General Promotion trunk infusion level can effectively control peach tree and nourished and grew prosperous, balanced nutrients and effect of regulation and control tree vigo(u)r golden mean of the Confucian school growth can be simultaneously worked as.
It is 4-5 that the present invention prepares the shelf-life of the nutritional solution of gained, harmless and be conducive to the marketization of nutritional solution to promote and implement to use.Like product safety of the prior art is poor, and majority in the dormant application of peach tree, can only be done prevention yellow and process, if but use at trophophase and do treatment yellow process, it is easy to cause that fallen leaves and shedding occur peach tree.Nutritional solution of the present invention does not then have the requirement of time of application, not only can prevent yellow in the dormant application of peach tree, and uses at the trophophase of peach tree and can treat yellow, without influence on the production of peach tree.
The preparation method of the special nutrient fluid of described preventing and treating peach tree yellow, step is as follows:
1) take each component by described quality proportioning, carbamide, potassium nitrate, zinc sulfate, magnesium chloride, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, boric acid, potassium iodide, sodium selenite, cobaltous chloride, aspartic acid, mannitol are mixed and dissolves with distilled water, makes mixed liquor A；
2) ferrous sulfate and citric acid are mixed, dissolve with distilled water, make mixed liquid B, and mixed liquid B is slowly poured in mixed liquor A and is stirred continuously, make mixed liquor C；
3), after calcium chloride being dissolved with distilled water, slowly pour in mixed liquor C and be stirred continuously, making mixed liquor D；After potassium dihydrogen phosphate is dissolved with distilled water, slowly pour in mixed liquor D and be stirred continuously, making mixed liquor E；
4) by after paclobutrazol water dissolution, pour in mixed liquor E and be uniformly mixed, obtaining described nutritional solution.
The application of the special nutrient fluid of described preventing and treating peach tree yellow is in that, described nutritional solution carries out trunk injection and/or foliage-spray.
The step of trunk injection is: in the fruit expanding period of peach tree, described nutritional solution pure water is diluted 50-100 times, then the trunk base portion in peach tree is 45 degree of angularly lower borings, aperture 4-5mm, hole depth arrives xylem, then the nutritional solution of dilution 50-100 times is instiled in hole, instil after terminating with waddy blocking tree hole.
The step of foliage-spray is:
At peach tree trophophase, by described nutritional solution dilute with water 200-250 times, blade is uniformly sprayed 2-3 time, spray interval 7d every time.
The nutritional solution of the present invention directly acts on tree body and blade, root soil is not sprayed, it is prevented that ferrous ion is combined into the insoluble chemical compound of ferrum with the carbonate in soil, thus causing that ferrum element cannot be absorbed by tree body.
The present invention has actively useful technique effect:
1) nutritional solution of the present invention is formed by the various nutrient elements needed for peach tree growth promoter and phytohormone are reasonably combined, by improving tree body physiological metabolism, adjustment is nourished and grown situation, improve leaf quality and the anti-environment stress ability of peach tree, raising fruit quality and output results is obvious, can thoroughly cure the generation of peach tree yellows after using 2 years continuously；
2) nutritional solution of the present invention can use in the peach tree season of growth, will not cause fallen leaves and the shedding of peach tree, and safety is higher；
3) the nutritional solution holding time of the present invention is up to 4-5, is beneficial to marketing and uses.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is Fructus Persicae yellowing leaf shape photo；
Fig. 2 is the photo of trunk injection nutritional solution in detailed description of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the process tree photo not using nutritional solution in effect example 1；
Fig. 4 uses two weeks post processing leaves sheets of nutritional solution to return green photo in effect example 1；
Fig. 5 is the process tree photo not using nutritional solution in effect example 2；
Fig. 6 uses two weeks post processing leaves sheets of nutritional solution to return green photo in effect example 2.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is expanded on further below in conjunction with specific embodiment.Test method involved in following embodiment or the method for analysis, if no special instructions, be conventional method, agents useful for same or raw material if no special instructions, be commercially available.
Embodiment 1
A kind of special nutrient fluid preventing and treating peach tree yellow, its percent mass is composed as follows:
Carbamide 8%, potassium nitrate 4.5%, zinc sulfate 2%, magnesium chloride 1.8%, manganese sulfate 0.8%, copper sulfate 0.023%, boric acid 0.7%, potassium iodide 1.85%, sodium selenite 0.4%, cobaltous chloride 0.02%, aspartic acid 0.003%, mannitol 0.45%, ferrous sulfate 7%, citric acid 0.7%, calcium chloride 0.4%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%, paclobutrazol 0.15%, surplus is distilled water.
Above-mentioned nutritional solution preparation process is as follows:
1) take each component by described quality proportioning, carbamide, potassium nitrate, zinc sulfate, magnesium chloride, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, boric acid, potassium iodide, sodium selenite, cobaltous chloride, aspartic acid, mannitol are mixed and dissolves with distilled water, makes mixed liquor A；
2) ferrous sulfate and citric acid are mixed, dissolve with distilled water, make mixed liquid B, and mixed liquid B is slowly poured in mixed liquor A and is stirred continuously, make mixed liquor C；
3), after calcium chloride being dissolved with distilled water, slowly pour in mixed liquor C and be stirred continuously, making mixed liquor D；After potassium dihydrogen phosphate is dissolved with distilled water, slowly pour in mixed liquor D and be stirred continuously, making mixed liquor E；
4), after paclobutrazol being dissolved with distilled water, pour in mixed liquor E and be uniformly mixed,
Obtain described nutritional solution.
Nutritional solution in use, is carried out trunk injection by the present embodiment:
In the fruit expanding period of peach tree, described nutritional solution pure water being diluted 75 times, then the trunk base portion in peach tree is 45 degree of angularly lower borings, aperture 4mm, hole depth arrives xylem, is then instiled in hole by the nutritional solution of dilution 75 times, instils after terminating with waddy blocking tree hole.
Embodiment 2
A kind of special nutrient fluid preventing and treating peach tree yellow, its percent mass is composed as follows:
Carbamide 12%, potassium nitrate 5.5%, zinc sulfate 3.0%, magnesium chloride 2.2%, manganese sulfate 1.2%, copper sulfate 0.027%, boric acid 0.9%, potassium iodide 2.15%, sodium selenite 0.6%, cobaltous chloride 0.03%, aspartic acid 0.005%, mannitol 0.55%, ferrous sulfate 8%, citric acid 0.9%, calcium chloride 0.6%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%, paclobutrazol 0.25%, surplus is distilled water.
Above-mentioned nutritional solution preparation process is as follows:
1) take each component by described quality proportioning, carbamide, potassium nitrate, zinc sulfate, magnesium chloride, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, boric acid, potassium iodide, sodium selenite, cobaltous chloride, aspartic acid, mannitol are mixed and dissolves with distilled water, makes mixed liquor A；
2) ferrous sulfate and citric acid are mixed, dissolve with distilled water, make mixed liquid B, and mixed liquid B is slowly poured in mixed liquor A and is stirred continuously, make mixed liquor C；
3), after calcium chloride being dissolved with distilled water, slowly pour in mixed liquor C and be stirred continuously, making mixed liquor D；After potassium dihydrogen phosphate is dissolved with distilled water, slowly pour in mixed liquor D and be stirred continuously, making mixed liquor E；
4), after paclobutrazol being dissolved with distilled water, pour in mixed liquor E and be uniformly mixed, obtaining described nutritional solution.
Nutritional solution in use, is carried out foliage-spray by the present embodiment:
At peach tree trophophase, by described nutritional solution dilute with water 200 times, blade is uniformly sprayed 3 times, spray interval 7d every time.
Embodiment 3
A kind of special nutrient fluid preventing and treating peach tree yellow, its percent mass is composed as follows:
Carbamide 10%, potassium nitrate 5%, zinc sulfate 2.5%, magnesium chloride 2%, manganese sulfate 1%, copper sulfate 0.025%, boric acid 0.8%, potassium iodide 2%, sodium selenite 0.5%, cobaltous chloride 0.025%, aspartic acid 0.004%, mannitol 0.5%, ferrous sulfate 7.5%, citric acid 0.8%, calcium chloride 0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.25%, paclobutrazol 0.025%, surplus is distilled water.
Above-mentioned nutritional solution preparation process is as follows:
1) take each component by described quality proportioning, carbamide, potassium nitrate, zinc sulfate, magnesium chloride, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, boric acid, potassium iodide, sodium selenite, cobaltous chloride, aspartic acid, mannitol are mixed and dissolves with distilled water, makes mixed liquor A；
2) ferrous sulfate and citric acid are mixed, dissolve with distilled water, make mixed liquid B, and mixed liquid B is slowly poured in mixed liquor A and is stirred continuously, make mixed liquor C；
3), after calcium chloride being dissolved with distilled water, slowly pour in mixed liquor C and be stirred continuously, making mixed liquor D；After potassium dihydrogen phosphate is dissolved with distilled water, slowly pour in mixed liquor D and be stirred continuously, making mixed liquor E；
4), after paclobutrazol being dissolved with methanol, pour in mixed liquor E and be uniformly mixed；
5) with hydrochloric acid, nutritional solution being adjusted to pH value is 2.8, obtains described nutritional solution.
Nutritional solution in use, is carried out foliage-spray by the present embodiment:
At peach tree trophophase, by described nutritional solution dilute with water 200 times, blade is uniformly sprayed 3 times, spray interval 7d every time.
Embodiment 4
Nutritional solution in use, is carried out trunk injection by the present embodiment:
In the fruit expanding period of peach tree, described nutritional solution pure water being diluted 75 times, then the trunk base portion in peach tree is 45 degree of angularly lower borings, aperture 4mm, hole depth arrives xylem, is then instiled in hole by the nutritional solution of dilution 75 times, instils after terminating with waddy blocking tree hole.
Other are with embodiment 3
Effect experimental
Effect example 1
Test period: in June, 2014 (peach tree is in fruit expanding period)；Test site: Xinxiang City, Henan Province Xinxiang County seven Li He orchard；Test material: 8 years Peach cultivars " forever lotus honey peach ".
Process as follows: nutritional solution pure water described in embodiment 4 is diluted 75 times by (1), load in the 50ml plastic bottle with point mouth；(2) at yellow tree trunk base portion, it is 45 degree of angularly lower borings with 4.5 electric hand drills, arrives xylem (about 3-5cm) to hole depth；(3) break plastic bottle plug sealing part, nutritional solution instillation in plug insertion, will be carried out, instil after terminating immediately with waddy blocking tree hole.Compare with 0.5% ferrous sulfate trunk injection and not processing simultaneously.
Data survey: use nutritional solution investigate respectively after 2 weeks and compare chlorophyll content and the Photosynthetic Rate of leaves sheet；The indexs such as 30 fruits of random acquisition, investigation single fruit weight, fruit soluble sugar, Vitamin C content, every per mu yield are often processed when fruit maturation.
Table 1 trunk injection uses the nutritional solution effect to " forever lotus honey peach " yellow peach tree described in embodiment 4
Table 1 is visible, after adopting nutritional solution described in embodiment 4 to carry out trunk injection, hence it is evident that improve the chlorophyll content of Folium Persicae sheet and the photosynthetic capacity of blade, compared with single administration ferrous sulfate, after trunk injection, chlorophyll content improves 52.8%, and Photosynthetic Rate improves 64.7% than comparison；Ripe fruit in season increases 20.3%, and the sugar content of fruit improves 4.5 percentage points, and Vitamin C content improves 24.5%, and fruit quality significantly improves, and every per mu yield adds 660 kilograms.
Effect example 2
Test period: in June, 2014；Test site: Zhengzhou Fruit-tree Inst., Chinese Agriculture Science Academy orchard；Test material: 6 years Peach cultivars " Song Sen ".
Process as follows: by nutritional solution dilute with water described in embodiment 3 200 times, with the uniform spraying blade of agricultural atomizer, be advisable to dripping, altogether spraying 3 times, every minor tick 7 days.Compare with 0.3% ferrous sulfate foliage-spray and not processing simultaneously.
Data survey: use nutritional solution investigate respectively after 2 weeks and compare chlorophyll content and the Photosynthetic Rate of leaves sheet；The indexs such as 30 fruits of random acquisition, investigation single fruit weight, fruit soluble sugar, Vitamin C content, every per mu yield are often processed when fruit maturation.
Table 2 blade face spraying uses the nutritional solution effect to " Song Sen " yellow peach tree described in embodiment 3
Table 2 is visible, after adopting nutritional solution described in embodiment 3 to carry out foliage-spray, the chlorophyll content of blade and the photosynthetic capacity of blade are also obtained for and significantly improve, and compared with single administration ferrous sulfate, foliage-spray this nutritional solution rear blade photosynthetic rate improves 53.8%；Ripe fruit in season becomes big, and single fruit weight adds 13.8%, and the sugar content of fruit improves 3.3 percentage points, and Vitamin C content improves 21.7%, and every per mu yield improves 450 kilograms.
Claims (7)
1. the special nutrient fluid preventing and treating peach tree yellow, it is characterized in that, the percent mass of described nutritional solution is composed as follows: carbamide 8-12%, potassium nitrate 4.5-5.5%, zinc sulfate 2-3%, magnesium chloride 1.8-2.2%, manganese sulfate 0.8-1.2%, copper sulfate 0.023-0.027%, boric acid 0.7-0.9%, potassium iodide 1.85-2.15%, sodium selenite 0.4-0.6%, cobaltous chloride 0.02-0.03%, aspartic acid 0.003-0.005%, mannitol 0.45-0.55%, ferrous sulfate 7-8%, citric acid 0.7-0.9%, calcium chloride 0.4-0.6%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2-0.3%, paclobutrazol 0.15-0.25%, surplus is distilled water.
2. the special nutrient fluid preventing and treating peach tree yellow as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the percent mass of described nutritional solution is composed as follows: carbamide 10%, potassium nitrate 5%, zinc sulfate 2.5%, magnesium chloride 2%, manganese sulfate 1%, copper sulfate 0.025%, boric acid 0.8%, potassium iodide 2%, sodium selenite 0.5%, cobaltous chloride 0.025%, aspartic acid 0.004%, mannitol 0.5%, ferrous sulfate 7.5%, citric acid 0.8%, calcium chloride 0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.25%, paclobutrazol 0.20%, surplus is distilled water.
3. the preparation method of the special nutrient fluid of the preventing and treating peach tree yellow described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that step is as follows:
1) take each component by described quality proportioning, carbamide, potassium nitrate, zinc sulfate, magnesium chloride, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate, boric acid, potassium iodide, sodium selenite, cobaltous chloride, aspartic acid, mannitol are mixed and dissolves with distilled water, makes mixed liquor A；
2) ferrous sulfate and citric acid are mixed, dissolve with distilled water, make mixed liquid B, and mixed liquid B is slowly poured in mixed liquor A and is stirred continuously, make mixed liquor C；
3), after calcium chloride being dissolved with distilled water, slowly pour in mixed liquor C and be stirred continuously, making mixed liquor D；After potassium dihydrogen phosphate is dissolved with distilled water, slowly pour in mixed liquor D and be stirred continuously, making mixed liquor E；
4), after paclobutrazol being dissolved with distilled water, pour in mixed liquor E and be uniformly mixed, obtaining described nutritional solution.
4. the application of the special nutrient fluid of the preventing and treating peach tree yellow described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that described nutritional solution is carried out trunk injection and/or foliage-spray.
5. the application of the special nutrient fluid preventing and treating peach tree yellow as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that described trunk injection is: in the fruit expanding period of peach tree, and described nutritional solution pure water is diluted 50-100 times, and peach tree trunk xylem is injected 50-100ml.
6. the application of the special nutrient fluid preventing and treating peach tree yellow as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that specifically comprising the following steps that of described trunk injection
Trunk base portion in peach tree is 45 degree of angularly lower boring, aperture 4-5mm, and hole depth arrives xylem, is then instiled in hole by the nutritional solution of dilution 50-100 times, instils after terminating with waddy blocking tree hole.
7. the application of the special nutrient fluid preventing and treating peach tree yellow as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that described foliage-spray is: at peach tree trophophase, by described nutritional solution dilute with water 200-250 times, blade is uniformly sprayed 2-3 time, sprays interval 7d every time.
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| CN106316538A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-11 | 南宁仁优农业科技有限公司 | Pesticide for controlling pitaya yellow leaf disease and application method |
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