CN105671552B - 一种汽轮机转子轮槽量规表面耐磨涂层的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种汽轮机转子轮槽量规表面耐磨涂层的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105671552B
CN105671552B CN201610239273.0A CN201610239273A CN105671552B CN 105671552 B CN105671552 B CN 105671552B CN 201610239273 A CN201610239273 A CN 201610239273A CN 105671552 B CN105671552 B CN 105671552B
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张东民
张而耕
姚松骏
恽庞杰
刘铭心
盛育东
冯全华
曹启伟
陈厚良
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Shanghai Ying Mu Motor Technology Co.,Ltd.
Shanghai Yingshu Power Station Accessories Co ltd
Shanghai Institute of Technology
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种汽轮机转子轮槽量规表面耐磨涂层的制备方法,包括:步骤1,提供一无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规和一真空炉,真空炉中设置有Ti靶材;步骤2,将无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规置于真空炉内,对无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规的表面进行加靶活化;步骤3,对表面已完成活化的汽轮机转子轮槽量规进行TiN涂层沉积:调节真空炉炉腔温度为180~200℃,向真空炉腔中通入N2气,N2气体流量为150~180sccm,对Ti靶材通电作为蒸发源,通电电流为120~140A,在汽轮机转子轮槽量规上加偏压为150~180V,持续15~20min后完成TiN涂层沉积并进入下一步;步骤4,在TiN涂层表面进行DLC涂层沉积。

Description

一种汽轮机转子轮槽量规表面耐磨涂层的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及金属量规表面防护领域,具体地,涉及一种汽轮机转子轮槽量规表面耐磨涂层的制备方法。
背景技术
金属量规在材料加工领域发挥着极其重要的作用,其主要功用是控制工件外形尺寸,检验加工件是否合格。量规在使用过程中,外表面与工件摩擦接触,多次循环使用,极易造成量规的表面磨损,影响测量精度,使量规快速失效。此外,量规使用过后若不及时处理,在其表面极易产生腐蚀等行为。材料的表面改性技术可以在金属量规表面制备一层高硬度、耐磨损、抗腐蚀的防护涂层,可以显著提高量规的使用寿命。
物理气相沉积技术(Phsical Vapor Deposition,简称PVD)在表面防护涂层的制备领域的应用越来广,利用PVD方法制备的涂层厚度为纳米及微米级,微小的涂层厚度对金属成形加工尺寸的影响或是对金属量规测量精度的影响都极其微小,甚至可以忽略不计。就目前市场上的涂层切削刀具而言,其表面涂层厚度约1.5~4.5μm。提高量规表面硬度的同时,减小表面摩擦系数是提高量规使用性能及使用寿命的有效办法。目前高硬度的减磨耐磨涂层主要有TiN、Ti(C,N)、TiAlN、TiAlSiN、DLC等,相比较而言,DLC涂层的摩擦系数最低,具有极好的抗腐蚀性、耐磨性及固态润滑性,且DLC涂层在低温环境下使用的效果更明显。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的缺陷,本发明的目的是提供一种汽轮机转子轮槽量规表面耐磨涂层的制备方法从而制备出双层复合涂层,增强汽轮机转子轮槽量规表面的耐磨特性。
根据本发明提供的一种汽轮机转子轮槽量规表面耐磨涂层的制备方法,包括:
步骤1,提供一无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规和一真空炉,所述真空炉中设置有Ti靶材;
步骤2,将所述无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规置于所述真空炉内,对所述无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规的表面进行加靶活化;
步骤3,对表面已完成活化的汽轮机转子轮槽量规进行TiN涂层沉积:调节所述真空炉炉腔温度为180~200℃,向真空炉腔中通入N2气,N2气体流量为150~180sccm,对Ti靶材通电作为蒸发源,通电电流为120~140A,在汽轮机转子轮槽量规上加偏压为150~180V,持续15~20min至所述TiN的厚度为0.5~0.8μm后完成TiN涂层沉积并进入下一步;
步骤4,在所述TiN涂层表面进行DLC涂层沉积:停止向真空炉中通入N2气,真空炉腔停止加热,Ti靶材停止通电,设置基体偏压为650~700V,向真空炉腔中通入C2H2,在DLC涂层制备依次进行的三个阶段中C2H2的流量随沉积时间梯度升高,
第一阶段C2H2流量为30~40sccm,沉积时间为5~10min,
第二阶段C2H2流量为80~90sccm,沉积时间为15~20min,
第三阶段C2H2流量为130~140sccm,沉积时间为55~60min。
作为一种优化方案,步骤2中进行加靶活化的过程具体为:
调节所述真空炉炉腔温度为180~200℃,向真空炉腔中通入Ar气,Ar气流量为180~200sccm,同时Ti靶材通电作为蒸发源,通电电流为100~120A,设置基体偏压为400~450V,持续15~20min后完成加靶活化。
作为一种优化方案,在所述步骤1与步骤2之间还包括辉光放电等离子清洗的过程:
步骤1.1,对所述无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规进行超声波清洗并烘干,
步骤1.2,将烘干后的无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规放入真空炉炉腔中,对真空炉炉腔进行抽真空,并梯度升温加热,直至炉腔真空度为0.006mbar、温度为200℃,
步骤1.3,向真空炉炉腔中通入Ar气,Ar气流量为350~380sccm,同时将无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规接700V的负偏压,持续30min后结束清洗并进入步骤2。
作为一种优化方案,在步骤1与步骤1.1之间还包括对无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规表面的前处理:
先将无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规进行喷砂处理,再用无水酒精对无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规进行清洗。
作为一种优化方案,所述步骤1.1中超声清洗的时间为30min。
作为一种优化方案,步骤1-4整个过程中置于所述真空炉内的无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规设置为以自身对称轴进行匀速自转,且转速为5rpm。
作为一种优化方案,步骤3中所述Ti靶材的纯度为99.99%。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下的有益效果:
将DLC涂层应用于量规,很大程度上提高了量规的耐磨性能。此外,该涂层采用TiN/DLC双层结构,TiN/DLC双层设计不仅可以缓解DLC涂层与作为基体的汽轮机转子轮槽量规间物理性质的矛盾,使涂层与基体间具有良好的结合力,而且可以提高表面涂层的韧性及耐磨性能。TiN/DLC复合涂层综合了TiN膜层与基体的优良结合能力,以及DLC膜层的润滑性等优点,且受薄膜生长的交变应力场的影响,涂层的性能得到进一步强化。相比较单一DLC涂层的性能,本发明所述方法制备的涂层的性能更加优异。阴极电弧技术具有离化率高、沉积温度低、绕射性好等优点,采用C2H2做为碳源,相比较石墨靶制备的DLC涂层围观组织组织更加致密,硬度更高。
TiN/DLC涂层表面的摩擦系数约为0.04,远小于无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规与金属工件接触时的摩擦系数,在很大程度上提高了量规的使用寿命及测量精度。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍,显而易见,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。附图中:
图1是一种汽轮机转子轮槽量规表面耐磨涂层的制备方法的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下文结合附图以具体实施例的方式对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明,但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是,还可以使用其他的实施例,或者对本文列举的实施例进行结构和功能上的修改,而不会脱离本发明的范围和实质。
本发明在汽轮机转子轮槽量规表面形成TiN/DLC复合涂层,由此使得汽轮机转子轮槽量规具有耐磨特性,本发明的目的是通过对镀膜过程的优化从而提高TiN/DLC复合涂层与汽轮机转子轮槽量规表面的结合力、较小表面摩擦系数,进而提高汽轮机转子轮槽量规表面的耐磨特性。
涂层基体:汽轮机转子轮槽量规基体,材料为W6Mo5Cr4V2高速工具钢。
在本发明提供的一种汽轮机转子轮槽量规表面耐磨涂层的制备方法的实施例中,如图1所示,包括:
步骤1,提供一无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规和一真空炉,所述真空炉中设置有Ti靶材。
首先对无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规表面的前处理:
先将无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规进行喷砂处理,喷砂处理用于去除表面附着物及氧化皮,粗化表面,提高膜基结合力。再用无水酒精对无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规进行清洗,从而去除表面油污及杂质。
在前处理之后进行辉光放电等离子清洗:
步骤1.1,对所述无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规进行超声波清洗并烘干,
步骤1.2,将烘干后的无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规放入真空炉炉腔中,对真空炉炉腔进行抽真空,并梯度升温加热,直至炉腔真空度为0.006mbar、温度为200℃,
步骤1.3,向真空炉炉腔中通入Ar气,Ar气流量为350~380sccm,同时将无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规接700V的负偏压,持续30min后结束清洗并进入步骤2。
步骤2,将所述无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规置于所述真空炉内,对所述无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规的表面进行加靶活化。
在步骤2中进行加靶活化的过程具体为:
调节所述真空炉炉腔温度为180~200℃,向真空炉腔中通入Ar气,Ar气流量为180~200sccm,同时Ti靶材通电作为蒸发源,通电电流为100~120A,设置基体偏压为400~450V,持续15~20min后完成加靶活化。
步骤3,对表面已完成活化的汽轮机转子轮槽量规进行TiN涂层沉积:调节所述真空炉炉腔温度为180~200℃,向真空炉腔中通入N2气,N2气体流量为150~180sccm,对Ti靶材通电作为蒸发源,通电电流为120~140A,在汽轮机转子轮槽量规上加偏压为150~180V,持续15~20min至所述TiN的厚度为0.5~0.8μm后完成TiN涂层沉积并进入下一步;
步骤4,在所述TiN涂层表面进行DLC涂层沉积:停止向真空炉中通入N2气,真空炉腔停止加热,Ti靶材停止通电,设置基体偏压为650~700V,向真空炉腔中通入C2H2,在DLC涂层制备依次进行的三个阶段中C2H2的流量随沉积时间梯度升高,
第一阶段C2H2流量为30~40sccm,沉积时间为5~10min,
第二阶段C2H2流量为80~90sccm,沉积时间为15~20min,
第三阶段C2H2流量为130~140sccm,沉积时间为55~60min。
所述步骤1.1中超声清洗的时间为30min。
步骤1-4整个过程中置于所述真空炉内的无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规设置为以自身对称轴进行匀速自转,且转速为5rpm。
步骤3中所述Ti靶材的纯度为99.99%。
该涂层为双层结构,采用TiN作为底层,DLC作为表面涂层。为不影响量规测量的精度,制备涂层的厚度不宜太厚,底层TiN层的厚度为0.5~0.8μm,DLC层的厚度为1.5~2μm。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,本领域技术人员知悉,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以对这些特征和实施例进行各种改变或等同替换。另外,在本发明的教导下,可以对这些特征和实施例进行修改以适应具体的情况及材料而不会脱离本发明的精神和范围。因此,本发明不受此处所公开的具体实施例的限制,所有落入本申请的权利要求范围内的实施例都属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种汽轮机转子轮槽量规表面耐磨涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
步骤1,提供一无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规和一真空炉,所述真空炉中设置有Ti靶材;
步骤2,将所述无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规置于所述真空炉内,对所述无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规的表面进行加靶活化,进行加靶活化的过程具体为:调节所述真空炉炉腔温度为180~200℃,向真空炉腔中通入Ar气,Ar气流量为180~200sccm,同时Ti靶材通电作为蒸发源,通电电流为100~120A,设置基体偏压为400~450V,持续15~20min后完成加靶活化;
步骤3,对表面已完成加靶活化的汽轮机转子轮槽量规进行TiN涂层沉积:调节所述真空炉炉腔温度为180~200℃,向真空炉腔中通入N2气,N2气体流量为150~180sccm,对Ti靶材通电作为蒸发源,通电电流为120~140A,在汽轮机转子轮槽量规上加偏压为150~180V,持续15~20min至所述TiN的厚度为0.5~0.8μm后完成TiN涂层沉积并进入下一步;
步骤4,在所述TiN涂层表面进行DLC涂层沉积:停止向真空炉中通入N2气,真空炉腔停止加热,Ti靶材停止通电,设置基体偏压为650~700V,向真空炉腔中通入C2H2,在DLC涂层制备依次进行的三个阶段中C2H2的流量随沉积时间梯度升高,
第一阶段C2H2流量为30~40sccm,沉积时间为5~10min,
第二阶段C2H2流量为80~90sccm,沉积时间为15~20min,
第三阶段C2H2流量为130~140sccm,沉积时间为55~60min。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种汽轮机转子轮槽量规表面耐磨涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤1与步骤2之间还包括辉光放电等离子清洗的过程:
步骤1.1,对所述无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规进行超声波清洗并烘干,
步骤1.2,将烘干后的无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规放入真空炉炉腔中,对真空炉炉腔进行抽真空,并梯度升温加热,直至炉腔真空度为0.006mbar、温度为200℃,
步骤1.3,向真空炉炉腔中通入Ar气,Ar气流量为350~380sccm,同时将无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规接700V的负偏压,持续30min后结束清洗并进入步骤2。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种汽轮机转子轮槽量规表面耐磨涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤1与步骤1.1之间还包括对无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规表面的前处理:
先将无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规进行喷砂处理,再用无水酒精对无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规进行清洗。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种汽轮机转子轮槽量规表面耐磨涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1.1中超声清洗的时间为30min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种汽轮机转子轮槽量规表面耐磨涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1-4整个过程中置于所述真空炉内的无涂层的汽轮机转子轮槽量规设置为以自身对称轴进行匀速自转,且转速为5rpm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种汽轮机转子轮槽量规表面耐磨涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3中所述Ti靶材的纯度为99.99%。
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