CN105660162A - Method for rapidly restoring reed vegetation of wetland in large scale by carrying out mechanized transplanting on seedling cultured with pot and plate - Google Patents
Method for rapidly restoring reed vegetation of wetland in large scale by carrying out mechanized transplanting on seedling cultured with pot and plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN105660162A CN105660162A CN201610213265.9A CN201610213265A CN105660162A CN 105660162 A CN105660162 A CN 105660162A CN 201610213265 A CN201610213265 A CN 201610213265A CN 105660162 A CN105660162 A CN 105660162A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for rapidly restoring reed vegetation of wetland in large scale by carrying out mechanized transplanting on seedlings cultured with pots and plates. The invention belongs to the field of degraded wetland vegetation restoration and in particular relates to a method for rapidly restoring the reed vegetation of the wetland in the large scale by carrying out mechanized transplanting on the seedlings cultured with the pots and plates. The invention aims at solving the problems that an existing reed wetland vegetation restoration method is low in restoration speed, secondary degradation is easily caused on restored wetland vegetation, efficiency is low and seedling uniformity is poor. The method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: firstly, collecting and treating seeds; secondly, sowing and raising seedlings with pots and plates; thirdly, flooding and carrying out soil preparation; and fourthly, carrying out mechanized transplanting. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that all the roots of the seedlings cultured with pots and plates go into the field during vegetation transplanting, planting injury is slight, revival is fast, the planted reed vegetation is uniform and easy to manage and has extremely strong environmental adaptability, vegetation community restoration is fast, survival rate after restoration the same year is more than 95%, and pool formation is fast; meanwhile, efficiency is more than 20 times that of artificial cutting rhizome.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to degraded wetland revegetation field, be specifically related to a kind of quick scale of utilizing bowl plate seeding machinery to plantChange the method for recovering wetland reed vegetation.
Background technology
Wetland is the land and water unique ecosystem forming that interacts on the earth, is the ecology of rich bio-diversity of natureOne of view and the most important living environment of the mankind, its function and Huge value. But climate variation and mankind's activity is dualImpact, Wetland Area falls sharply, and functional deterioration is serious. Protect existing wetland, recover degraded wetland and rationally utilize wetlandBecome the effective means of performance Wetland ecological, society and economic benefit. China's wetlands degradation is resumed work and is started late, butFast development, technology constantly practices in engineering construction such as hydrology regulation and control, habitat protection and revegetation.
In degeneration reed wetland revegetation process, the generative propagations such as the seed bank technology of traditional seed broadcasting and new development byGradually be applied, the vegetative propagation modes such as rhizome transplanting are also extensively carried out. But different geographical, different causes for Degradation,Different recovery target and recovery technology condition etc., when technology for recovering vegetation has been proposed to great demand, also proposedMeet the diversity requirement of different needs, for large-scale vegetation area to be restored, the also vegetation construction skill to rapid scaleArt and method claim.
The muskeg breeding reset modes such as existing reed are mainly with root-like stock transplanting, the cuttage aerial stem of plant, green manuring or seed broadcasting etc.Be main, even have the modes such as evoked callus to carry out revegetation, actively promoted the recovery of degraded wetland vegetation.
But the sexual reproduction technique of seed broadcasting enforcement difficulty is little, easy to operate, but high to Soil Habitat requirement, and survival rateLow, forming large area reed needs the cycle long, is only applicable to nature recovery process and shallow water beach, for the serious wetland of degenerating,Subregion, because of lack of water and the reason such as Soil Background condition is poor, deteriorates to hot spot ground, as the salt fen of the tender western heavy-degraded of pinePool wetlands degradation is alkaline spot ground, utilizes the technology of broadcasting sowing to recover, and vegetation adaptive faculty is weak, resume speed is slow, and after recovering, wetland is plantedSecondary is easily occurred degenerates. Aerial stem of plant breeding method is green manuring method, draws materials conveniently, simple to operate, but require area to be restored withProvide the reed seedling region of recovery to close on or belong to same panel region. Root-like stock implantation method, drought resisting, salt resistance ability are stronger, rightEnvironment-adapting ability is better, and reproduction speed is very fast, but can not scale implement, and manually uproots, transports and plant, and has efficiencyIt is low that poor problem Qie Yingongmiao district ecological protection has certain limitation with emerging regularity.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to for solve the resume speed that the muskeg restoration methods such as existing reed exists slow, recover after wetlandEasily there is the problem that secondary is degenerated, efficiency is low and the regularity of emerging is poor in vegetation, and provides one to utilize bowl plate seeding machineryThe rapid scale of planting recovers the method for wetland reed vegetation.
Of the present invention a kind of utilize method that rapid scale that bowl plate seeding machinery plants recovers wetland reed vegetation by belowStep is carried out:
One, the collection of seed and processing: in the fall, clip reed fringe, shines dry storage in the time that reed seed is ripe;
Various places difference breeding time, how northeast carries out the collection of seed in 10 the first tenday period of a month of late September, gather kind of the period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m and select tall and bigSturdy, disease-free plant, clip reed fringe, shines dry storage;
Two, alms bowl dish seeding and seedling raising: adopt rice seedling on upland field mode, before sowing, the reed fringe of step 1 clip is cut into broken section of 1cm,At the beginning of 4 months, carry out alms bowl dish seeding and seedling raising, application rate is 3kg/ mu, will be after planting alms bowl dish be placed in a body and grow seedlings, concreteAlms bowl dish seeding process is divided into two kinds: 1. seed packs alms bowl dish into and strikes off after mixing with Nutrition Soil, obtains kind of an earth mixtures, watersWater, to saturated, cover one deck Nutrition Soil after heavy reality again and strikes off; 2. first to alms bowl dish in-built enter Nutrition Soil, water and will plant after saturatedSon is sown on alms bowl dish uniformly, then with plank, seed is pressed in Nutrition Soil, then covers one deck Nutrition Soil and strike off;
Described alms bowl dish is the general seedlings nursing plate of adaptation machinery cuttage cultivation, and specification is 60.3cm × 32.6cm, 561 alms bowlsHole;
Every mu needs seedling dish number=(1+10%) × number/561, every mu of cave;
Three, the whole ground of waterflooding: late April in early spring the soil degree of depth of thawing reach after 10cm, carry out machinery and turn over, machinery is turned over deeplyDegree 12cm～18cm, at the beginning of 5 months, waterflooding rotary tillage drag is flat, keeps the loose mud layer of earth's surface 10cm～12cm, on loose mud layer3cm～4cm water layer;
Four, machinery is transplanted: in mid-May, in alms bowl dish, height of seedling 15cm～20cm and root-like stock are transplanted before stretching, willThe seedling cultivating in alms bowl dish is placed on rice transplanter and carries out mechanical cuttage in area to be restored, and line-spacing is 35cm～45cm, and cave is apart from being50cm, keeps top layer waterflooding after transplanting, and completes and utilizes the rapid scale recovery wetland reed that bowl plate seeding machinery is planted to plantThe method of quilt.
When being shifted to rice transplanter, the seedling cultivating in alms bowl dish moves on agricultural rice transplanter taking single alms bowl dish as unit entirety.
Beneficial effect of the present invention
The present invention, mainly for the revegetation of degeneration Marsh Wetland, particularly concentrates plav revegetation and structure in flakesBuild, especially strong for vegetation adaptive faculty, convalescence is short, neat etc. the requirement of emerging. The main distributed area of China's plavAnd recovery district, because of the reason such as physical geography and water-resource guarantee, how substantially adjacent with Rice Cropping main region, therefore utilize alms bowlThis method of the fast quick-recovery of wetland reed vegetation scale that dish is grown seedlings, machinery is planted, can be in conjunction with the rice seed in agricultural productionPlant cultivating facility and condition, by development comparatively ripe bowl plate seeding, mechanical cuttage technique, enforcement reed vegetation is sexual numerousThe scale breeding of growing and planting. When the vegetation of bowl plate seeding is transplanted under full root, plant wound light, turn green fast, the reed of plantingVegetation evenly, manageability, extremely strong to adaptive capacity to environment, it is fast that vegetational type recovers, and recovers then survival rate more than 95%,Become the pool fast. Because the mass foundation of national Rice Cropping system is good, bowl plate seeding, mechanical method for planting are easily promoted, without newly establishingExecute input, mechanization makes scale to carry out, and efficiency is the more than 20 times of artificial cuttage rhizome.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the grow seedlings uniformity inspection photo of emergence rate of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that the present invention is in demonstration area test Planting effect photo.
Detailed description of the invention
Detailed description of the invention one: a kind of of present embodiment utilizes the rapid scale that bowl plate seeding machinery is planted to recover wetland reedThe method of reed vegetation is carried out according to the following steps:
One, the collection of seed and processing: in the fall, clip reed fringe, shines dry storage in the time that reed seed is ripe;
Various places difference breeding time, how northeast carries out the collection of seed in 10 the first tenday period of a month of late September, gather kind of the period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m and select tall and bigSturdy, disease-free plant, clip reed fringe, shines dry storage;
Two, alms bowl dish seeding and seedling raising: adopt rice seedling on upland field mode, before sowing, the reed fringe of step 1 clip is cut into broken section of 1cm,At the beginning of 4 months, carry out alms bowl dish seeding and seedling raising, application rate is 3kg/ mu, will be after planting alms bowl dish be placed in a body and grow seedlings, concreteAlms bowl dish seeding process is divided into two kinds: 1. seed packs alms bowl dish into and strikes off after mixing with Nutrition Soil, obtains kind of an earth mixtures, watersWater, to saturated, cover one deck Nutrition Soil after heavy reality again and strikes off; 2. first to alms bowl dish in-built enter Nutrition Soil, water and will plant after saturatedSon is sown on alms bowl dish uniformly, then with plank, seed is pressed in Nutrition Soil, then covers one deck Nutrition Soil and strike off;
Described alms bowl dish is the general seedlings nursing plate of adaptation machinery cuttage cultivation, and specification is 60.3cm × 32.6cm, 561 alms bowlsHole;
Every mu needs seedling dish number=(1+10%) × number/561, every mu of cave;
Three, the whole ground of waterflooding: late April in early spring the soil degree of depth of thawing reach after 10cm, carry out machinery and turn over, machinery is turned over deeplyDegree 12cm～18cm, at the beginning of 5 months, waterflooding rotary tillage drag is flat, keeps the loose mud layer of earth's surface 10cm～12cm, on loose mud layer3cm～4cm water layer;
Four, machinery is transplanted: in mid-May, in alms bowl dish, height of seedling 15cm～20cm and root-like stock are transplanted before stretching, willThe seedling cultivating in alms bowl dish is placed on rice transplanter, carries out mechanical cuttage in area to be restored, and line-spacing is 35cm～45cm, and cave is apart from being50cm, keeps top layer waterflooding after transplanting, and completes and utilizes the rapid scale recovery wetland reed that bowl plate seeding machinery is planted to plantThe method of quilt.
When being shifted to rice transplanter, the seedling cultivating in alms bowl dish moves on agricultural rice transplanter taking single alms bowl dish as unit entirety.
Present embodiment is mainly for the revegetation of degeneration Marsh Wetland, particularly concentrate plav revegetation in flakes withBuild, especially strong for vegetation adaptive faculty, convalescence is short, neat etc. the requirement of emerging. China's plav mainly distributesDistrict and recovery district, because of the reason such as physical geography and water-resource guarantee, how substantially adjacent with Rice Cropping main region, therefore utilizeThis method of the fast quick-recovery of wetland reed vegetation scale that bowl plate seeding, machinery are planted, can be in conjunction with the paddy rice in agricultural productionGrowing and cultivation facility and condition, by development comparatively ripe bowl plate seeding, mechanical cuttage technique, enforcement reed vegetation is sexualBreeding scale breeding and plant. When the vegetation of bowl plate seeding is transplanted under full root, plant wound light, turn green fast, the reed of plantingReed vegetation evenly, manageability, extremely strong to adaptive capacity to environment, it is fast that vegetational type recovers, recover then survival rate 95% withUpper, become the pool fast. Because the mass foundation of national Rice Cropping system is good, bowl plate seeding, mechanical method for planting are easily promoted, withoutNew facility drops into, and mechanization makes scale to carry out, and efficiency is the more than 20 times of artificial cuttage rhizome.
Detailed description of the invention two: present embodiment is different from detailed description of the invention one: in step 1, the Northeast is 9Carry out the collection of seed 10 the first tenday period of a month of the last ten-days period moon. Other steps and parameter are identical with detailed description of the invention one.
Detailed description of the invention three: present embodiment is different from detailed description of the invention one or two: the dish of alms bowl described in step 2 ruleLattice are 60.3cm × 32.6cm, 561 alms bowl holes. Other steps and parameter are identical with detailed description of the invention one or two.
Detailed description of the invention four: present embodiment is different from one of detailed description of the invention one to three: every mu of need in step 2Seedling dish number=(1+10%) × number/561, every mu of cave. Other steps and parameter are identical with one of detailed description of the invention one to three.
Detailed description of the invention five: present embodiment is different from one of detailed description of the invention one to four: in step 3, machinery turns overTilling depth degree is 15cm. Other steps and parameter are identical with one of detailed description of the invention one to four.
Detailed description of the invention six: present embodiment is different from one of detailed description of the invention one to five: keep ground in step 3The loose mud layer of table 11cm, 3.5cm water layer on loose mud layer. Other steps and parameter and detailed description of the invention one to fiveOne of identical.
Detailed description of the invention seven: present embodiment is different from one of detailed description of the invention one to six: in step 4, line-spacing is40cm, cave distance is 50cm. Other steps and parameter are identical with one of detailed description of the invention one to six.
Detailed description of the invention eight: present embodiment is different from one of detailed description of the invention one to seven: described in step 4Area to be restored is severe degraded wetland, hot spot ground or alkaline spot ground. One of other steps and parameter and detailed description of the invention one to sevenIdentical.
With following verification experimental verification beneficial effect of the present invention:
Test one, this method are researched and developed and are illustrated in the large peace OX-heart cover in the tender western Jilin Province of pine and protect National Urban Wetland Park in Zhejiang degeneration salt fenConcentrating in flakes of pool wetland reed recovers, and tests front area to be restored wetland dry, reed plant height generally below 1m, withoutHarvesting is worth, and Partial Wetland has deteriorated to the alkaline spot ground without vegetation or sparse vegetation covering. Research and development and demonstration area in conjunction with peasant householdThe rice field rice transplanting activity in farming season of growing seedlings.
A kind of method of utilizing rapid scale that bowl plate seeding machinery plants to recover wetland reed vegetation is carried out according to the following steps:
One, the collection of seed and processing: September 15, clip reed fringe, shines dry storage in the time that reed seed is ripe;
Gather kind of the period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m and select tall and big sturdy, disease-free plant, clip reed fringe, shines dry storage;
Two, alms bowl dish seeding and seedling raising: adopt rice seedling on upland field mode, before sowing, the reed fringe of step 1 clip is cut into broken section of 1cm,Carried out alms bowl dish seeding and seedling raising on April 5, application rate is 3kg/ mu, will after planting alms bowl dish be placed in to a body and grow seedlings, toolThe alms bowl dish seeding process of body is divided into two kinds: 1. seed packs alms bowl dish into and strikes off after mixing with Nutrition Soil, obtains kind of an earth mixtures,Water to saturated, after heavy reality, cover again one deck Nutrition Soil and strike off; 2. first to alms bowl dish in-built enter Nutrition Soil, water to will after saturatedSeed is sown on alms bowl dish uniformly, then with plank, seed is pressed in Nutrition Soil, then covers one deck Nutrition Soil and strike off;
Described alms bowl dish is the general seedlings nursing plate of adaptation machinery cuttage cultivation, and specification is 60.3cm × 32.6cm, 561 alms bowlsHole;
Every mu needs seedling dish number=(1+10%) × number/561, every mu of cave;
Three, the whole ground of waterflooding: on April 20 early spring, the soil degree of depth of thawing reaches after 10cm, carries out machinery and turns over, and machinery turns overTilling depth degree 15cm, May 5, first waterflooding rotary tillage drag is flat, keeps the loose mud layer of earth's surface 11cm, on loose mud layer4cm water layer;
Four, machinery is transplanted: May 20, in alms bowl dish, height of seedling 18cm and root-like stock were transplanted before stretching, by alms bowl dishIn the seedling that cultivates be placed on rice transplanter, carry out mechanical cuttage in area to be restored, line-spacing is 40cm, cave is apart from be 50cm, transplantingRear maintenance top layer waterflooding, completes and utilizes the rapid scale that bowl plate seeding machinery is planted to recover the method for wetland reed vegetation.
When being shifted to rice transplanter, the seedling cultivating in alms bowl dish moves on agricultural rice transplanter taking single alms bowl dish as unit entirety.
After applying the recovery of this experimental technique, survival rate is more than 95% then, and the seed of collection is checked seed sprouting through laboratory testRate 92%. In conjunction with this experimental technique and other agronomic measures, ecological water supplement regulation measure, protect national wetland public affairs at OX-heart coverGarden Ecological Restoration Works recovers the reed wetland gross area and reaches 4000hm2, the harvesting amount of reed is increased to by 0～350t before recovering8300t, this technology obtains as the tender western degraded wetland recovery technology system of pine and the demonstration project of key technology Composition of contentsJilin Province's scientific and technological progress first prize in 2015, OX-heart cover moisturizing ground is also because wetland recovers to list 705, the whole nation in protective achievementIn National Urban Wetland Park in Zhejiang, focus the consruction on one of National Urban Wetland Park in Zhejiang for 23.
Claims (8)
1. utilize the rapid scale that bowl plate seeding machinery is planted to recover a method for wetland reed vegetation, it is characterized in that thisMethod is carried out according to the following steps:
One, the collection of seed and processing: in the fall, clip reed fringe, shines dry storage in the time that reed seed is ripe;
Two, alms bowl dish seeding and seedling raising: adopt rice seedling on upland field mode, before sowing, the reed fringe of step 1 clip is cut into broken section of 1cm,At the beginning of 4 months, carry out alms bowl dish seeding and seedling raising, application rate is 3kg/ mu, will be after planting alms bowl dish be placed in a body and grow seedlings, concreteAlms bowl dish seeding process is divided into two kinds: 1. seed packs alms bowl dish into and strikes off after mixing with Nutrition Soil, obtains kind of an earth mixtures, watersWater, to saturated, cover one deck Nutrition Soil after heavy reality again and strikes off; 2. first to alms bowl dish in-built enter Nutrition Soil, water and will plant after saturatedSon is sown on alms bowl dish uniformly, then with plank, seed is pressed in Nutrition Soil, then covers one deck Nutrition Soil and strike off;
Three, the whole ground of waterflooding: late April in early spring the soil degree of depth of thawing reach after 10cm, carry out machinery and turn over, machinery is turned over deeplyDegree 12cm～18cm, at the beginning of 5 months, waterflooding rotary tillage drag is flat, keeps the loose mud layer of earth's surface 10cm～12cm, on loose mud layer3cm～4cm water layer;
Four, machinery is transplanted: in mid-May, in alms bowl dish, height of seedling 15cm～20cm and root-like stock are transplanted before stretching, by alms bowlThe seedling cultivating in dish is placed on rice transplanter, carries out mechanical cuttage in area to be restored, and line-spacing is 35cm～45cm, and cave distance is 50cm,After transplanting, keep top layer waterflooding, complete and utilize the rapid scale that bowl plate seeding machinery is planted to recover the method for wetland reed vegetation.
2. a kind of rapid scale recovery wetland reed vegetation that utilizes bowl plate seeding machinery to plant according to claim 1Method, it is characterized in that in step 1, the Northeast carries out the collection of seed in 10 the first tenday period of a month of late September.
3. a kind of rapid scale recovery wetland reed vegetation that utilizes bowl plate seeding machinery to plant according to claim 1Method, it is characterized in that the dish of alms bowl described in step 2 specification is 60.3cm × 32.6cm, 561 alms bowl holes.
4. a kind of rapid scale recovery wetland reed vegetation that utilizes bowl plate seeding machinery to plant according to claim 1Method, it is characterized in that in step 2, every mu needs seedling dish number=(1+10%) × number/561, every mu of cave.
5. a kind of rapid scale recovery wetland reed vegetation that utilizes bowl plate seeding machinery to plant according to claim 1Method, it is characterized in that in step 3, mechanical ploughed depth is 15cm.
6. a kind of rapid scale recovery wetland reed vegetation that utilizes bowl plate seeding machinery to plant according to claim 1Method, it is characterized in that keeping in step 3 the earth's surface 11cm mud layer that loosens, 3.5cm water layer on loose mud layer.
7. a kind of rapid scale recovery wetland reed vegetation that utilizes bowl plate seeding machinery to plant according to claim 1Method, it is characterized in that in step 4, line-spacing is 40cm, cave is apart from being 50cm.
8. a kind of rapid scale recovery wetland reed vegetation that utilizes bowl plate seeding machinery to plant according to claim 1Method, it is characterized in that the area to be restored described in step 4 is severe degraded wetland, hot spot ground or alkaline spot ground.
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| CN112314095A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-05 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for recovering degraded reed wetland by using farmland drainage in spring |
| CN116965190A (en) * | 2023-09-22 | 2023-10-31 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Rapid reconstruction method of grass hill wetland |
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