CN103392544A - Environment-friendly bowl seedling growing method for rice - Google Patents
Environment-friendly bowl seedling growing method for rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN103392544A CN103392544A CN2013103432394A CN201310343239A CN103392544A CN 103392544 A CN103392544 A CN 103392544A CN 2013103432394 A CN2013103432394 A CN 2013103432394A CN 201310343239 A CN201310343239 A CN 201310343239A CN 103392544 A CN103392544 A CN 103392544A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an environment-friendly bowl seedling growing method for rice. The method includes the steps of rice seedling field selection, root cutting net pavement on seedling compartments, seedling growing original soil preparation, nutrient soil preparation, rice seed processing before sowing, sowing, seedbed management, pest control and prevention at the seedling stage and the like. The method has the advantage that rice seedlings are strong, not prone to disease infection, convenient to manage and suitable for being planted mechanically. Compared with the prior art, the method further has the advantages that the grown rice seedlings can be significantly improved in the properties of caudex width per plant, tiller number per plant, white root number per plant, dry weight per 100 plants and the like.
Description
[technical field]
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology.More specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of paddy rice environment-friendly type bowl seeding method.
[background technology]
Paddy rice is the important cereal crops of China, and the high and stable yield of paddy rice is significant to guaranteeing China's grain security.The tradition raising rice seedlings adopts the floppy disk covering sposh of sowing seeds, and this seedling raising manners sowing quantity is large, and long, seedling growth of the rice shoot length of time rice seedlings grow that cultivates slowly, the rice shoot drought-resistance ability is low, the rice shoot resistance against diseases is poor, is not suitable for extensive transplanting operation.Emerging rice bowl seedling-cultivating method is because the subsoil amount that adopts is large, and rice shoot is sturdy to be easy to mechanization and to intercut.But because different regions adopt the native pH difference of growing seedlings larger, Fertilization Level is inconsistent, causes easily that seedling rice shoot growing way is poor and damage by disease and insect is multiple, affects rice yield, thereby demands working out a kind of general bowl seeding method urgently.
For the problems referred to above of rice bowl seedling-cultivating method, the inventor, through constantly experiment, develops the inventive method, is used for correcting soil pH, fixedly precipitation amount, control seedling cultivation of rice phase damping off, improves seedling quality, minimizing seed consumption.
[summary of the invention]
[technical problem that will solve]
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of paddy rice environment-friendly type bowl seeding method.
[technical scheme]
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
The present invention relates to a kind of paddy rice environment-friendly type bowl seeding method.
The step of this seedling-cultivating method is as follows:
(1) rice seedling bed is selected
Select that plot is smooth, soil property is fertile, convenient transportation, the excellent rice seedling bed of irrigation condition, adopt water to plough water whole, a first trench digging minute railway carriage or compartment, described railway carriage or compartment is wide 120～140 centimetres, 18～22 centimetres of furrow widths, 12～14 centimetres of ditch depths;
(2) the seedling railway carriage or compartment is laid and is cut the root net
Lay plastics, nylon matter or irony and cut the root net on the face of railway carriage or compartment, seedling railway carriage or compartment, described aperture of cutting the root net is not more than 0.5 centimetre, to prevent that water rice root system from altering, grows in the outside bed soil of trying to get to the heart of a matter;
(3) preparation seedling original soil
Use Cosan or quicklime powder that the pH value of described rice seedling bed soil is adjusted to 4.5～5.5, obtain the seedling original soil;
(4) preparation Nutrition Soil
According to the mass ratio 1:80～120:0.8 of nutrient solution, seedling original soil and leavening agent～1.2, nutrient solution, seedling original soil and leavening agent are fully mixed, the mixture that obtains adds water makes it moistening, then banks up and obtains described Nutrition Soil in 1-2 days;
(5) rice paddy seed processing prior to seeding
The rice paddy seed of selecting is processed according to the conventional rice method for treating seeds prior to seeding, just is placed under the normal temperature laboratory condition bud that dries in the air when the bud root of described rice paddy seed reaches 0.1cm, and the rice paddy seed of the bud that dries in the air is used and planted as sowing;
(6) sowing
Load the Nutrition Soil of step (4) preparation in soil-block rice seedling raising tray, then use sower that the sowing that step (5) obtains is sowed in described Nutrition Soil subsoil with planting, cover again one deck Nutrition Soil, spill after permeable and move on the rice seedling bed that step (2) prepares;
(7) seedbed management
Between nursery stage, in the seedling dish of strictly growing seedlings, temperature is controlled at 25～30 ℃, the humidity in seedling growth greenhouse is controlled at more than 85%, and fills with shallow water, the ventilation hardening before taking off film; Keep ground moistening before emerging, the rear thin water of emerging is irrigated; 4～5 days nitrogen fertilizer applications once, move seedling and kept railway carriage or compartment, seedling railway carriage or compartment face not soak in front 1～2 day before moving seedling, and water is arranged in ditch, are beneficial to transplant;
(8) seedling stage diseases and pests control
Nursery period, noted rice seedling blight, pythium rot and rice fulgorid damage by disease and insect, uses in case of necessity agricultural chemicals to prevent and treat.
A preferred embodiment of the invention, the nutrient solution that uses in described step (4) is by 0.4～0.6g urea, 2.0～3.0g fused calcium magnesium phosphate, wherein P
2O
5Content is to form in fused calcium magnesium phosphate gross weight 12%～18%, 0.5～1.0g potassium chloride, 0.1～0.2g zinc sulphate and 10ml water.
According to another kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the seedling original soil that uses in described step (4) is by 0.5 centimetre of sieve, 0～15 centimetre of topsoil mellow soil or vegetable garden soil.
According to another kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, described leavening agent is that ripe saw wood ash, the 100 above expanded pearlite ores in sand form of order are made the expanded perlite granule of granularity less than 2mm after crushed through the expanded perlite of the resulting product of expanding treatment or expanding treatment.
According to another kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, in described step (6), filling Nutrition Soil subsoil in disc for paddy seedling-growing with bowl, the thickness of described Nutrition Soil subsoil is 2/3～3/4 of the soil-block rice seedling raising tray degree of depth.
According to another kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, in described step (6), according to 3～5, every hole described bud rice paddy seed that dries in the air of bud rice paddy seed sowing that dries in the air, then cover with described Nutrition Soil, its height that covers Nutrition Soil is no more than the card of described soil-block rice seedling raising tray, and can not see the bud rice paddy seed that dries in the air, and then water spray, make the covering Nutrition Soil drenched.
According to another kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, in described step (7), in seedbed management, when the emergence rate of the bud rice paddy seed that dries in the air reached 30%, the temperature in the seedling dish of growing seedlings was controlled at 20～25 ℃.
According to another kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, in described step (7), when educating early rice or middle rice seedlings, run into continuous more than 7 days during rainy weather, open the film ventilation of seedling bed two ends from 9 in the morning later and prevent that disease from occurring, continued again in the past the epiphragma insulation at 4 in afternoon.
According to another kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, in described step (7), move seedling before 4～5 days according to 4～5 kilograms, every mu of rice seedling bed urea nitrogen fertilizer application.
According to another kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, in described step (8), in described step (8), when preventing and treating rice disease, according to 30 kilograms, every mu of 100～125 gram Benthiocarbs, 96～140 gram molinate missible oil and water, Benthiocarb, molinate missible oil are mixed with water, with mist, spray and prevent and kill off.
Below the present invention will be described in more detail.
The present invention relates to a kind of paddy rice environment-friendly type bowl seeding method.
The step of the method is as follows:
(1) rice seedling bed is selected
Select that plot is smooth, soil property is fertile, convenient transportation, the excellent rice seedling bed of irrigation condition.Rice seedling bed should select physical features open, hidding and sunny side; Irrigation and drainage are convenient, the water source cleaning; The soil is porous, the above field of middle fertility.The drought seedling should be selected fertile soil, loose vegetable plot, farmland or husky loamy texture rice field.
The rice seedling bed of selecting needs whole ground, adopts water to plough water whole, first trench digging minute railway carriage or compartment.Described railway carriage or compartment is wide 120～140 centimetres, 18～22 centimetres of furrow widths, 12～14 centimetres of ditch depths; Preferably, railway carriage or compartment is wide approximately 130 centimetres, approximately 20 centimetres of furrow widths, 13 centimetres of ditch depths.The furrow face requires flat, soft, thin, no-sundries.The seedling field surrounding ditch that begins to rehearse, ditch depth is 20-30 centimetre approximately, and the ditch ditch communicates, and is convenient to draining.
(2) the seedling railway carriage or compartment is laid and is cut the root net
Lay plastics, nylon matter or irony and cut the root net on the face of railway carriage or compartment, seedling railway carriage or compartment.Describedly cut the net that the root net is a kind of isolation and cutting action, the root system that it can allow rice shoot stretch out the seedling-cultivation plate bottom is grown along twine, and cuts off the unnecessary root system outside the seedling tray bottom when playing seedling, is beneficial to plant smoothly.Described aperture of cutting the root net is not more than 0.5 centimetre.
(3) regulate the pH value of soil
Use Cosan or quicklime powder that the pH value of described rice seedling bed soil is adjusted to 4.5～5.5, preferably pH4.8～5.2, obtain the seedling original soil.
The pH of described rice seedling bed soil adopts potentiometry (" NYT--1377-2007 ") to measure under 25 degrees celsius.
When selected soil pH value is not 4.5-5.5, can use the soil pH corrigent that following table 1 is listed to regulate.
Table 1: every kilogram of soil adds soil pH corrigent reference quantity
Concrete control method is as follows:
, calculate according to the following equation toward the amount that adds Cosan in its seedling soil greater than 5.5 the time when the pH of seedling soil value:
y=(x-5.0)×10×8.3
In formula:
Y is the amount that adds Cosan, in gram;
X is the pH value of seedling soil;
The 10th, the multiple coefficient of relationship;
8.3 be every kilogram of required Cosan amount of soil decline 0.1 pH of unit;
, calculate according to the following equation toward the amount of quicklime powder in its seedling soil less than 4.5 the time when the pH of seedling soil value:
y=(5-x)×10×12.7
In formula:
Y is the amount that adds quicklime powder, in gram;
X is the pH value of seedling soil;
The 10th, the multiple coefficient of relationship
12.7 be every kilogram of required pulverized limestone amount of soil rising 0.1 pH of unit
The soil pH corrigent Cosan that adds or the granularity of quicklime powder should more than 100 orders, in order to can allow seedling soil fully mix with the soil pH corrigent, thereby be avoided because mixing the inhomogeneous too high or too low problem of local seedling soil pH that causes.
(4) preparation Nutrition Soil
According to the mass ratio 1:80～120:8 of nutrient solution, seedling original soil and leavening agent～12, nutrient solution, seedling soil are fully mixed with leavening agent, the mixture that obtains adds water makes it moistening, then banks up and obtains described Nutrition Soil in 1～2 day.
Described nutrient solution is a kind of preparation that required nutrient is provided for the rice seedlings growth, and the preparation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium macronutrient, Meso-and micro-nutrients for example is provided.
The nutrient solution that the present invention uses is by 0.4～0.6g urea, 2.0～3.0g fused calcium magnesium phosphate, wherein P
2O
5Content is to form in fused calcium magnesium phosphate gross weight 12%～18%, 0.5～1.0g potassium chloride, 0.1～0.2g zinc sulphate and 10ml water.
The described seedling original soil granularity that to be the topsoil mellow soil of 0～15 centimetre of the degree of depth or vegetable garden soil obtain through screening is less than the soil that is rich in humus of 0.5 centimetre.
The effect of described leavening agent is to make the seedling original soil bulk, thereby increases soil porosity and air capacity, is conducive to the breeding of soil beneficial bacterium, promotes the rice seedlings root system development, promotes rice seedlings to absorb nutrient, grows vigorous.
Described leavening agent is that ripe saw wood ash, the 100 above expanded pearlite ores in sand form of order are made the expanded perlite granule of granularity less than 2mm after crushed through the expanded perlite of the resulting product of expanding treatment or expanding treatment.
Described expanding treatment is a kind of Technology development, and namely the ore in sand form that obtains through fragmentation of perlite ore, process through preheating and baking, TRANSIENT HIGH TEMPERATURE roasting and moisture vaporized expanding, obtains a kind of material with alveolate texture.
Preferably, the mass ratio of nutrient solution, seedling original soil and leavening agent is 1:88～112:8～10.
More preferably, the mass ratio of nutrient solution, seedling original soil and leavening agent is 1:95～110:9～10.
Nutrient solution, seedling original soil and leavening agent mixture add water makes it moistening, and its water yield is normally in nutrient solution, seedling original soil and leavening agent mixture total weight amount 5～10%.
Moistening mixture was banked up 1～2 day under room temperature environment, make the beneficial microbe amount reproduction that exists in the seedling original soil, improved the profitable strain quantity in the seedling original soil, obtained described Nutrition Soil.
(5) rice growing pre-treatment
The rice paddy seed of selecting is processed according to the conventional rice method for treating seeds prior to seeding, just is placed under the normal temperature laboratory condition bud that dries in the air when the bud root of described rice paddy seed reaches 0.1cm, and the rice paddy seed of the bud that dries in the air is used and planted as sowing.
So-called conventional rice method for treating seeds comprises the steps such as sterilization and vernalization of basking seeds, choose seeds, soak seed.Basking seeds is that the seed that will shakeout is placed under the sun and shines, and need to regularly stir seed rice while basking seeds, and reaches the uniformity of basking seeds.Bask seeds and can promote seed vitality, improve percentage of seedgermination.Bask seeds and usually need approximately 3 days.Seed selection is with salt solution, empty blighted grain and the ripe poor grain of rice to be selected, and adopts while sorting seed by salt water, and the grain of rice of selecting need to be used the clear water wash clean.The seed soaking sterilization: seed rice need to be soaked seed 5～8 days in warm water before vernalization, it is fully absorbed water; Need simultaneously to use for example dislike the seedling spirit, Prochloraz carries out disinfection to seed rice.The broken chest of high temperature is adopted in vernalization, thermophilic vernalization, the dry in the air method of bud of low temperature, in 30～32 ℃ of lower vernalization of temperature, broken chest shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally in 1～2 day, and then temperature is down to 25～28 ℃ and is reached 12～15 hours, to plant bud when the bud root reaches approximately 0.1cm and just be placed under the normal temperature laboratory condition bud that dries in the air, be about to that kind bud is very thin spreads out, radiating and cooling, can sow when kind of a bud temperature is down to natural temperature.
(6) sowing
Load the Nutrition Soil of step (4) preparation in soil-block rice seedling raising tray, then use sower that the sowing that step (5) obtains is sowed in described Nutrition Soil subsoil with planting, cover again one deck Nutrition Soil, spill after permeable and move on the rice seedling bed that step (2) prepares;
For example use soil-block rice seedling raising tray (448 hole/dish),, there is the Y-shaped hole of free switch 16 millimeters, alms bowl mouth, 13 millimeters of bottoms, high 25 millimeters at the bottom of alms bowl.Load the Nutrition Soil of above-mentioned preparation, the thickness of described Nutrition Soil subsoil is 2/3～3/4 of the soil-block rice seedling raising tray degree of depth, the seed in order to avoid the soil amount is too much crushed.Step (5) the bud seed that dries in the air is sown in seedling-cultivation plate with sower, then earthing.Every mu of land for growing field crops seed consumption conventional Rice 1.75-2.00 kilogram, hybrid rice 1.5-1.75 kilogram.Every mu of land for growing field crops seedling dish consumption 35-40 opens.Seedling-cultivation plate water is after planting spilt, move to rice seedling bed, put before seedling-cultivation plate at the railway carriage or compartment face and complete plastics or irony is cut root net (aperture is not more than 0.5 centimetre), in order to avoid the seedling root ties at disk chassis, unfavorable planting.
Concrete implementation step is as follows:
According to 3～5, every hole described bud rice paddy seed that dries in the air of bud rice paddy seed sowing that dries in the air, then with described Nutrition Soil, cover, height of its covering Nutrition Soil is no more than the card of described soil-block rice seedling raising tray, and can not see the bud rice paddy seed that dries in the air.
And then water spray, the water yield is controlled at and makes the covering Nutrition Soil drenched.
Evenly sowing, guarantee that in seedling-cultivation plate, there is 3-5 grain seed in every hole, and early rice can suitably be strengthened seeding quantity with the increase number of emerging.
After the kind bud was broadcast, with preparation nutrition earth mulch kind, lid table soil highly was no more than card, to lose bud paddy, is advisable.Lid sprays water 1 time after planting again, makes table soil drenched.
(7) seedbed management
Between nursery stage, in the seedling dish of strictly growing seedlings, temperature is controlled at 25～30 ℃, and the humidity in seedling growth greenhouse is being filled with shallow water, ventilation hardening more than 85% and before taking off film; Keep ground moistening before emerging, the rear thin water of emerging is irrigated; Move seedling before 4～5 days nitrogen fertilizer application once, move front 1～2 day of seedling and keep railway carriage or compartment, seedling railway carriage or compartment face not soak, water is arranged in ditch, be beneficial to transplant
In seedbed management, strictly control temperature, moisture and topdress.
A, temperature treatment, temperature of shed mainly, by Ventilation Control, after planting seal plastic greenhouse, heat and moisture preserving.Controlling temperature under plastic foil is 25～30 ℃.If while surpassing 30 ℃, should be aeration-cooling immediately, to emerge while reaching 30%, temperature is controlled at 20～25 ℃, guarantee to transplant the length of time rice seedlings grow to be no more than 30 days, or leaf age is less than 4.5 leaves, and height of seedling is no more than 25 centimetres.
B, water management, epiphragma are damaged to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature and heavy rain preventing.Keep ground moistening before emerging, the rear thin water of emerging is irrigated, and takes off front shallow water, the ventilation hardening of filling with of film.Rice transplanting draining in front 1 day is also suitably dried, and guarantees to plant smoothly.Running into continuously more than 7 days during rainy weather, opening the film ventilation of seedling bed two ends at 9 in the morning later and prevent that disease from occurring, continuing again in the past the epiphragma insulation at 4 in afternoon.Early rice, semilate rice need the humidity in seedling growth greenhouse filling with shallow water, ventilation hardening more than 85% and before taking off film
C, topdress, moved seedling before 4～5 days, use 4～5 kilograms of urea according to every mu of rice seedling bed and send and transfer fertilizer.
(8) sprout term disease worm control
Nursery period, noted paddy rice pythium rot, rice blast and rice fulgorid damage by disease and insect, uses in case of necessity agricultural chemicals to prevent and treat.
When preventing and treating rice disease, according to 30 kilograms, every mu of 100～125 gram Benthiocarbs, 96～140 gram molinate missible oil and water, Benthiocarb, molinate missible oil are mixed with water, spray and prevent and kill off with mist.
Adopt that paddy rice environment-friendly type bowl seeding method of the present invention seedling has carried out that the individual plant stem foot is wide, individual plant band tiller number, individual plant white root, hundred strain dry weights, individual plant greenery number, leaf look detect.
The individual plant stem foot is wide is according to " paddy rice is observed content and the standard of record ", and 20 every 10 strains of strain rice shoot are kept flat and abut against together, measures the width of rice shoot base portion the widest part (comprise and tillering), and its mean value is that the individual plant stem foot is wide.
Individual plant band tiller number is according to " paddy rice is observed content and the standard of record ", and sampling 20 root and stem of certain plants calculate the number of tillering, and its 20 root and stem of certain plants mean value is individual plant band tiller number.
The individual plant white root is according to " paddy rice observe record content and standard ", get the 10 total radicals of strain number scale and at half cun with interior new white root, its mean value is the individual plant white root.
Hundred strain dry weights are according to " paddy rice observe record content and standard ", and with 100 strain fresh weight materials to be measured, oven dry 24-48 hour, then be placed in drier at 85 ℃ of temperature, to be cooledly weigh during to room temperature, and the weight that obtains is hundred strain dry weights.
Individual plant greenery number is according to " paddy rice is observed content and the standard of record ", calculates the greenery number that comprises the young leaves that has launched of tillering, and its individual plant mean value is individual plant greenery numbers.
The leaf look is to detect according to colorimetric card counter point (" paddy rice is observed content and the standard of record ").Change with size scale colour atla system record primary growth stage leaf look, after every morning, approximately 10 o'clock dew was done, backlightly with colorimetric card and blade, contrast, with 1/3rd places, top of two the large profile blades in every strain top, be as the criterion.Close one-level, be exactly rice leaf look level at that time, after the colorimetric deciding grade and level, also should estimate land for growing field crops leaf look and proofread and correct.
Paddy rice environment-friendly type bowl seeding method of the present invention has following characteristics:
Rice shoot is strengthened, is difficult for catching an illness, convenient management, be fit to mechanization and plant.
[beneficial effect]
Paddy rice environment-friendly type bowl seeding method of the present invention has that rice shoot is strengthened, is difficult for catching an illness, convenient management, be fit to mechanization and the advantage such as plant.Compare with prior art conventional seedbed system method, the inventive method beneficial effect is as follows:
The seed consumption saves 30%; The wide increase of individual plant stem foot (reaches 0.3-0.4cm) more than 10%; Average individual plant band tiller 0.3-0.5, the conventional seedbed system method substantially without; The individual plant white root reaches the 13-16 bar, improves 30%; More than hundred strain dry weights reach 7.1g, higher by 30% than conventional seedbed system method; Just, individual plant greenery number is greater than 4.0 for the seedling colour purity, and the leaf look is the 4.0-5.0 level; Sick, insect pest do not appear; Transplant rear without seedling-slowing stage.
[embodiment]
Embodiment 1: paddy rice environment-friendly type bowl seeding
The implementation step of this embodiment is as follows:
(1) rice seedling bed is selected
Select that plot is smooth, soil property is fertile, convenient transportation, the excellent rice seedling bed of irrigation condition, adopt water to plough water whole, a first trench digging minute railway carriage or compartment, described railway carriage or compartment is wide 120 centimetres, 20 centimetres of furrow widths, 12 centimetres of ditch depths;
(2) the seedling railway carriage or compartment is laid and is cut the root net
Lay plastics and cut the root net on the face of railway carriage or compartment, seedling railway carriage or compartment, described aperture of cutting the root net is not more than 0.5 centimetre, to prevent that water rice root system from altering, grows in the outside bed soil of trying to get to the heart of a matter, and impact is transplanted;
(3) preparation seedling original soil
According to selecting rice seedling bed density 1.30g/cm
3Determining to select rice seedling bed soil with its volume is 2.6 kilograms.The pH value that adopts the method for describing in this specification to detect rice seedling bed soil is 6.8, uses granularity 120 order Cosans, and it is 149.4 grams that the computing formula of describing to specifications calculates the amount that need to add Cosan.Select rice seedling bed soil fully to mix with 2.6 kilograms 149.4 gram Cosans, placing after one month the pH value that detects again its mixture is 4.9, obtains a kind of seedling original soil;
(4) preparation Nutrition Soil
Preparation nutrient solution: with 0.5g urea, 2.0g fused calcium magnesium phosphate, wherein P
2O
5Content, in fused calcium magnesium phosphate gross weight 15%, 0.5g potassium chloride, 0.10g zinc sulphate, to be dissolved in 10ml water, obtains described nutrient solution.
The plantation wheat mellow soil of 0～15 centimetre of the degree of depth is sieved, collect granularity less than the soil that is rich in humus of 0.5 centimetre as the seedling original soil.
Use ripe saw wood ash as leavening agent.
Above-mentioned nutrient solution, seedling original soil and leavening agent fully mix according to mass ratio 1:80:8, then adding water reaches in nutrient solution, seedling original soil and leavening agent mixture total weight amount 5% its water content, then banked up under room temperature environment 1 day, obtain described Nutrition Soil;
(5) rice paddy seed processing prior to seeding
The rice paddy seed of selecting is processed according to the conventional rice method for treating seeds prior to seeding, just is placed under the normal temperature laboratory condition bud that dries in the air when the bud root of described rice paddy seed reaches 0.1cm, and the rice paddy seed of the bud that dries in the air is used and planted as sowing;
(6) sowing
Use soil-block rice seedling raising tray (448 hole/dish),, there is the Y-shaped hole of free switch 16 millimeters, alms bowl mouth, 13 millimeters of bottoms, high 25 millimeters at the bottom of alms bowl.Load the Nutrition Soil of step (4) preparation in soil-block rice seedling raising tray, the thickness of described Nutrition Soil subsoil is 2/3 of the soil-block rice seedling raising tray degree of depth, then use sower that the sowing that step (5) obtains is sowed in described Nutrition Soil subsoil with planting, in seedling-cultivation plate, there are 3 seeds in every hole, cover again one deck Nutrition Soil, lid table soil highly is no more than card, be advisable to lose bud paddy, spill after permeable and move on the rice seedling bed that step (2) prepares, rice varieties used is: Yue You 9113, and every mu of sowing quantity is 1.65 kilograms;
(7) seedbed management
Between nursery stage, in the seedling dish of strictly growing seedlings, temperature is controlled at 25～28 ℃, and fills with shallow water, the ventilation hardening before taking off film; Keep ground moistening before emerging, the rear thin water of emerging is irrigated; Used 4 kilograms of urea according to every mu of rice seedling bed in front 4 days and execute urea once moving seedling, move seedling and kept railway carriage or compartment, seedling railway carriage or compartment face not soak in front 2 days, water is arranged in ditch, be beneficial to transplant, seedling age is 25 days;
(8) seedling stage diseases and pests control
Nursery period, noted rice seedling blight, pythium rot and rice fulgorid damage by disease and insect, uses in case of necessity agricultural chemicals to prevent and treat.
The method of describing has to specifications detected that the individual plant stem foot is wide, individual plant band tiller number, individual plant white root, hundred strain dry weights, individual plant greenery number, leaf look, and its result is as follows:
The individual plant stem foot is wide: 0.32cm
Individual plant band tiller number: 0.44
Individual plant white root: 15
Hundred strain dry weight: 7.4g
Individual plant greenery number: 4.2
Leaf look: 4.4 grades
Sick, insect pest do not appear
Seedling-slowing stage after transplanting: 0 day
Embodiment 2: paddy rice environment-friendly type bowl seeding
The implementation step of this embodiment is as follows:
(1) rice seedling bed is selected
Select that plot is smooth, soil property is fertile, convenient transportation, the excellent rice seedling bed of irrigation condition, adopt water to plough water whole, a first trench digging minute railway carriage or compartment, described railway carriage or compartment is wide 140 centimetres, 18 centimetres of furrow widths, 12 centimetres of ditch depths;
(2) the seedling railway carriage or compartment is laid and is cut the root net
Lay nylon matter and cut the root net on the face of railway carriage or compartment, seedling railway carriage or compartment, described aperture of cutting the root net is not more than 0.5 centimetre, to prevent that water rice root system from altering, grows in the outside bed soil of trying to get to the heart of a matter;
(3) preparation seedling original soil
According to selecting rice seedling bed density 1.29g/cm
3Determining to select rice seedling bed soil with its volume is 2.58 kilograms.The pH value that adopts the method for describing in this specification to detect rice seedling bed soil is 6.4, uses granularity 120 order Cosans, and it is 116.2 grams that the computing formula of describing to specifications calculates the amount that need to add Cosan.Select rice seedling bed soil fully to mix with 2.58 kilograms 116.2 gram Cosans, the pH value that detects again its mixture after month is 5.0, obtains a kind of seedling original soil;
(4) preparation Nutrition Soil
Preparation nutrient solution: with 0.4g urea, 2.8g fused calcium magnesium phosphate, wherein P
2O
5Content, in fused calcium magnesium phosphate gross weight 15%, 0.6g potassium chloride, 0.13g zinc sulphate, to be dissolved in 10ml water, obtains described nutrient solution.
The maize planting mellow soil of 0～15 centimetre of the degree of depth is sieved, collect granularity less than the soil that is rich in humus of 0.5 centimetre as the seedling original soil.
Use the 100 above pearl ore in sand form of order puff as leavening agent.
Above-mentioned nutrient solution, seedling original soil and leavening agent fully mix according to mass ratio 1:90:0.8, then adding water reaches in nutrient solution, seedling original soil and leavening agent mixture total weight amount 8% its water content, then banked up under room temperature environment 2 days, obtain described Nutrition Soil;
(5) rice paddy seed processing prior to seeding
The rice paddy seed of selecting is processed according to the conventional rice method for treating seeds prior to seeding, just is placed under the normal temperature laboratory condition bud that dries in the air when the bud root of described rice paddy seed reaches 0.1cm, and the rice paddy seed of the bud that dries in the air is used and planted as sowing;
(6) sowing
Use soil-block rice seedling raising tray (448 hole/dish),, there is the Y-shaped hole of free switch 16 millimeters, alms bowl mouth, 13 millimeters of bottoms, high 25 millimeters at the bottom of alms bowl.Load the Nutrition Soil of step (4) preparation in soil-block rice seedling raising tray, the thickness of described Nutrition Soil subsoil is 3/4 of the soil-block rice seedling raising tray degree of depth, then use sower that the sowing that step (5) obtains is sowed in described Nutrition Soil subsoil with planting, in seedling-cultivation plate, there are 4 seeds in every hole, cover again one deck Nutrition Soil, lid table soil highly is no more than card, be advisable to lose bud paddy, spill after permeable and move on the rice seedling bed that step (2) prepares, selected kind is early Xian 45 of Hunan, and every mu of sowing quantity is 1.97 kilograms;
(7) seedbed management
Between nursery stage, in the seedling dish of strictly growing seedlings, temperature is controlled at 26～28 ℃, and fills with shallow water, the ventilation hardening before taking off film; Keep ground moistening before emerging, the rear thin water of emerging is irrigated; Used 5 kilograms of urea according to every mu of rice seedling bed in front 5 days and execute urea once moving seedling, move seedling and kept railway carriage or compartment, seedling railway carriage or compartment face not soak in front 1 day, water is arranged in ditch, be beneficial to transplant, seedling age is 29 days;
(8) seedling stage diseases and pests control
Nursery period, noted rice seedling blight, pythium rot and rice fulgorid damage by disease and insect, uses in case of necessity agricultural chemicals to prevent and treat.
The method of describing has to specifications detected that the individual plant stem foot is wide, individual plant band tiller number, individual plant white root, hundred strain dry weights, individual plant greenery number, leaf look, and its result is as follows:
The individual plant stem foot is wide: 0.36cm
Individual plant band tiller number: 0.47
Individual plant white root: 16
Hundred strain dry weight: 7.6g
Individual plant greenery number: 4.3
Leaf look: 4.3 grades
Sick, insect pest do not appear
Seedling-slowing stage after transplanting: 0 day
Embodiment 3: paddy rice environment-friendly type bowl seeding
The implementation step of this embodiment is as follows:
(1) rice seedling bed is selected
Select that plot is smooth, soil property is fertile, convenient transportation, the excellent rice seedling bed of irrigation condition, adopt water to plough water whole, a first trench digging minute railway carriage or compartment, described railway carriage or compartment is wide 130 centimetres, 22 centimetres of furrow widths, 14 centimetres of ditch depths;
(2) the seedling railway carriage or compartment is laid and is cut the root net
Lay irony and cut the root net on the face of railway carriage or compartment, seedling railway carriage or compartment, described aperture of cutting the root net is not more than 0.5 centimetre, to prevent that water rice root system from altering, grows in the outside bed soil of trying to get to the heart of a matter;
(3) preparation seedling original soil
According to selecting rice seedling bed density 1.28g/cm
3Determining to select rice seedling bed soil with its volume is 2.56 kilograms.The pH value that adopts the method for describing in this specification to detect rice seedling bed soil is 4.2, uses granularity 120 order quicklime powders, and it is 101.6 grams that the computing formula of describing to specifications calculates the amount that need to add quicklime powder.Select rice seedling bed soil fully to mix with 2.56 kilograms 101.6 gram quicklime powders, the pH value that detects again its mixture after month is 4.9, obtains a kind of seedling original soil;
(4) preparation Nutrition Soil
Preparation nutrient solution: with 0.5g urea, 2.4g fused calcium magnesium phosphate, wherein P
2O
5Content, in fused calcium magnesium phosphate gross weight 15%, 0.8g potassium chloride, 0.16g zinc sulphate, to be dissolved in 10ml water, obtains described nutrient solution.
The apple garden mould of 0～15 centimetre of the degree of depth is sieved, collect granularity less than the soil that is rich in humus of 0.5 centimetre as the seedling original soil.
Use ripe saw wood ash as leavening agent.
Above-mentioned nutrient solution, seedling original soil and leavening agent fully mix according to mass ratio 1:105:2, then adding water reaches in nutrient solution, seedling original soil and leavening agent mixture total weight amount 10% its water content, then banked up under room temperature environment 1 day, obtain described Nutrition Soil;
(5) rice paddy seed processing prior to seeding
The rice paddy seed of selecting is processed according to the conventional rice method for treating seeds prior to seeding, just is placed under the normal temperature laboratory condition bud that dries in the air when the bud root of described rice paddy seed reaches 0.1cm, and the rice paddy seed of the bud that dries in the air is used and planted as sowing;
(6) sowing
Use soil-block rice seedling raising tray (448 hole/dish),, there is the Y-shaped hole of free switch 16 millimeters, alms bowl mouth, 13 millimeters of bottoms, high 25 millimeters at the bottom of alms bowl.Load the Nutrition Soil of step (4) preparation in soil-block rice seedling raising tray, the thickness of described Nutrition Soil subsoil is 0.70 of the soil-block rice seedling raising tray degree of depth, then use sower that the sowing that step (5) obtains is sowed in described Nutrition Soil subsoil with planting, in seedling-cultivation plate, there are 5 seeds in every hole, cover again one deck Nutrition Soil, lid table soil highly is no more than card, be advisable to lose bud paddy, spill after permeable and move on the rice seedling bed that step (2) prepares, kind used is Yue You 9113,1.5 kilograms every mu of sowing quantities;
(7) seedbed management
Between nursery stage, in the seedling dish of strictly growing seedlings, temperature is controlled at 25～30 ℃, and fills with shallow water, the ventilation hardening before taking off film; Keep ground moistening before emerging, the rear thin water of emerging is irrigated; Used 4.5 kilograms of urea according to every mu of rice seedling bed in front 4 days and execute urea once moving seedling, move seedling and kept railway carriage or compartment, seedling railway carriage or compartment face not soak in front 2 days, water is arranged in ditch, be beneficial to transplant, seedling age is 25 days;
(8) seedling stage diseases and pests control
Nursery period, noted rice seedling blight, pythium rot and rice fulgorid damage by disease and insect, uses in case of necessity agricultural chemicals to prevent and treat.
The method of describing has to specifications detected that the individual plant stem foot is wide, individual plant band tiller number, individual plant white root, hundred strain dry weights, individual plant greenery number, leaf look, and its result is as follows:
The individual plant stem foot is wide: 0.38cm
Individual plant band tiller number: 0.49
Individual plant white root: 16
Hundred strain dry weight: 8.2g
Individual plant greenery number: 4.7
Leaf look: 4.7 grades
Sick, insect pest do not appear
Seedling-slowing stage after transplanting: 0 day
Embodiment 4: paddy rice environment-friendly type bowl seeding
The implementation step of this embodiment is as follows:
(1) rice seedling bed is selected
Select that plot is smooth, soil property is fertile, convenient transportation, the excellent rice seedling bed of irrigation condition, adopt water to plough water whole, a first trench digging minute railway carriage or compartment, described railway carriage or compartment is wide 130 centimetres, 20 centimetres of furrow widths, 13 centimetres of ditch depths;
(2) the seedling railway carriage or compartment is laid and is cut the root net
Lay plastics and cut the root net on the face of railway carriage or compartment, seedling railway carriage or compartment, described aperture of cutting the root net is not more than 0.5 centimetre, to prevent that water rice root system from altering, grows in the outside bed soil of trying to get to the heart of a matter;
(3) preparation seedling original soil
According to selecting rice seedling bed density 1.29g/cm
3Determining to select rice seedling bed soil with its volume is 2.58 kilograms.The pH value that adopts the method for describing in this specification to detect rice seedling bed soil is 4.3, uses granularity 120 order quicklime powders, and it is 88.9 grams that the computing formula of describing to specifications calculates the amount that need to add quicklime powder.Select rice seedling bed soil fully to mix with 2.58 kilograms 88.9 gram quicklime powders, then the pH value that detects its mixture is 5.0, obtains a kind of seedling original soil;
(4) preparation Nutrition Soil
Preparation nutrient solution: with 0.6g urea, 3.0g fused calcium magnesium phosphate, wherein P
2O
5Content, in fused calcium magnesium phosphate gross weight 15%, 1.0g potassium chloride, 0.20g zinc sulphate, to be dissolved in 10ml water, obtains described nutrient solution.
The vegetables garden mould of 0～15 centimetre of the degree of depth is sieved, collect granularity less than the soil that is rich in humus of 0.5 centimetre as the seedling original soil.
Use the 100 above pearl ore in sand form of order puff as leavening agent.
Above-mentioned nutrient solution, seedling original soil and leavening agent fully mix according to mass ratio 1:120:12, then adding water reaches in nutrient solution, seedling original soil and leavening agent mixture total weight amount 8% its water content, then banked up under room temperature environment 2 days, obtain described Nutrition Soil;
(5) rice paddy seed processing prior to seeding
The rice paddy seed of selecting is processed according to the conventional rice method for treating seeds prior to seeding, just is placed under the normal temperature laboratory condition bud that dries in the air when the bud root of described rice paddy seed reaches 0.1cm, and the rice paddy seed of the bud that dries in the air is used and planted as sowing;
(6) sowing
Use soil-block rice seedling raising tray (448 hole/dish),, there is the Y-shaped hole of free switch 16 millimeters, alms bowl mouth, 13 millimeters of bottoms, high 25 millimeters at the bottom of alms bowl.Load the Nutrition Soil of step (4) preparation in soil-block rice seedling raising tray, the thickness of described Nutrition Soil subsoil is 0.72 of the soil-block rice seedling raising tray degree of depth, then use sower that the sowing that step (5) obtains is sowed in described Nutrition Soil subsoil with planting, in seedling-cultivation plate, there are 5 seeds in every hole, cover again one deck Nutrition Soil, lid table soil highly is no more than card, be advisable to lose bud paddy, spill after permeable and move on the rice seedling bed that step (2) prepares, selected kind is early Xian 45 of Hunan, and every mu of sowing quantity is 1.97 kilograms;
(7) seedbed management
Between nursery stage, in the seedling dish of strictly growing seedlings, temperature is controlled at 25～30 ℃, and fills with shallow water, the ventilation hardening before taking off film; Keep ground moistening before emerging, the rear thin water of emerging is irrigated; Used 4 kilograms of urea according to every mu of rice seedling bed in front 5 days and execute urea once moving seedling, move seedling and kept railway carriage or compartment, seedling railway carriage or compartment face not soak in front 2 days, water is arranged in ditch, be beneficial to transplant, seedling age is 29 days;
(8) seedling stage diseases and pests control
Nursery period, noted rice seedling blight, pythium rot and rice fulgorid damage by disease and insect, uses in case of necessity agricultural chemicals to prevent and treat.
The method of describing has to specifications detected that the individual plant stem foot is wide, individual plant band tiller number, individual plant white root, hundred strain dry weights, individual plant greenery number, leaf look, and its result is as follows:
The individual plant stem foot is wide: 0.32cm
Individual plant band tiller number: 0.35
Individual plant white root: 14
Hundred strain dry weight: 7.1g
Individual plant greenery number: 4.1
Leaf look: 4.5 grades
Sick, insect pest do not appear
Seedling-slowing stage after transplanting: 0 day
The comparative example 1:
Implement according to following existing conventional seedbed system method:
(1) seedbed arranges
At first, to staying the field of doing rice seedling bed to plough soaked field, rake carefully, accomplish the flat argillization in field, sowing was organized into furrow in front 2-3 days as requested, the furrow face width is 140cm, and the high 15-20cm of ridge-up bed puts into the water of half ditch depth in ditch, mix the native mud use of bed, the 1-2 days such as ready-made seedling bed, balance seedling.
(2) seed selection
Select bud ratio in the kind more than 95%, the kind grain is full.
(3) seed soaking
Basked seeds before seed soaking one day, and guaranteed to sprout neat.Adopt wet concentration to select to plant, remove shrivelled kernel, first used soaked in cold water one day, then with dosing seed soaking one day, waterlogging went out water and rinses well.
(4) vernalization
Soaked seed rice is pulled out with clear water and is rinsed.The seed rice of pulling out is packed in cloth bag or basket and built and carry out vernalization with leaf, treat that the broken chest of seed rice shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and sows when white root grows to 0.3-0.5cm.
(5) sowing
The slurry broadcasting method is adopted in sowing, and the rice seedling bed basal dressing, rake rotten, drain water in field, play furrow, the seedling dish gently is pressed in mud, then mud is put on the seedling dish, strike off, the seed of vernalization is broadcast equably on the seedling dish, then with slime water or light pressure of plank, buried bud, do not scrape and smear, selected kind is early Xian 45 of Hunan, and every mu of sowing quantity is 2.75 kilograms.
(6) rice shoot management
Between nursery stage, in the seedling dish of strictly growing seedlings, temperature is controlled at 25～30 ℃, and fills with shallow water, the ventilation hardening before taking off film; Keep ground moistening before emerging, the rear thin water of emerging is irrigated; Used 4 kilograms of urea according to every mu of rice seedling bed in front 5 days and execute urea once moving seedling, move seedling and kept railway carriage or compartment, seedling railway carriage or compartment face not soak in front 2 days, water is arranged in ditch, be beneficial to transplant, seedling age is 29 days.
(7) seedling stage diseases and pests control
Nursery period, noted rice seedling blight, pythium rot and rice fulgorid damage by disease and insect, uses in case of necessity agricultural chemicals to prevent and treat.
The method of describing according to this specification has detected that the individual plant stem foot is wide, individual plant band tiller number, individual plant white root, hundred strain dry weights, individual plant greenery number, leaf look, and its result is as follows:
The individual plant stem foot is wide: 0.28cm
Individual plant band tiller number: 0.10
Individual plant white root: 10
Hundred strain dry weight: 5.4g
Individual plant greenery number: 4.2
Leaf look: 4.4 grades
Damage by disease and insect, do not appear in the damping off incidence of disease 15%
Seedling-slowing stage after transplanting: 3 days
The comparative example 2:
Implement according to following existing conventional seedbed system method:
(1) seedbed arranges
At first, to staying the field of doing rice seedling bed to plough soaked field, rake carefully, accomplish the flat argillization in field, sowing was organized into furrow in front 2-3 days as requested, the furrow face width is 140cm, and the high 15-20cm of ridge-up bed puts into the water of half ditch depth in ditch, mix the native mud use of bed, the 1-2 days such as ready-made seedling bed, balance seedling.
(2) seed selection
Select bud ratio in the kind more than 95%, the kind grain is full.
(3) seed soaking
Basked seeds before seed soaking one day, and guaranteed to sprout neat.Adopt wet concentration to select to plant, remove shrivelled kernel, first used soaked in cold water one day, then with dosing seed soaking one day, waterlogging went out water and rinses well.
(4) vernalization
Soaked seed rice is pulled out with clear water and is rinsed.The seed rice of pulling out is packed in cloth bag or basket and built and carry out vernalization with leaf, treat that the broken chest of seed rice shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and sows when white root grows to 0.3-0.5cm.
(5) sowing
The slurry broadcasting method is adopted in sowing, and the rice seedling bed basal dressing, rake rotten, drain water in field, play furrow, the seedling dish gently is pressed in mud, then mud is put on the seedling dish, strike off, the seed of vernalization is broadcast equably on the seedling dish, then with slime water or light pressure of plank, buried bud, do not scrape and smear, kind used is Yue You 9113,2.3 kilograms every mu of sowing quantities;
(6) rice shoot management
Between nursery stage, in the seedling dish of strictly growing seedlings, temperature is controlled at 25～30 ℃, and fills with shallow water, the ventilation hardening before taking off film; Keep ground moistening before emerging, the rear thin water of emerging is irrigated; Used 4 kilograms of urea according to every mu of rice seedling bed in front 5 days and execute urea once moving seedling, move seedling and kept railway carriage or compartment, seedling railway carriage or compartment face not soak in front 2 days, water is arranged in ditch, be beneficial to transplant, seedling age is 26 days.
(7) seedling stage diseases and pests control
Nursery period, noted rice seedling blight, pythium rot and rice fulgorid damage by disease and insect, uses in case of necessity agricultural chemicals to prevent and treat.
The method of describing according to this specification has detected that the individual plant stem foot is wide, individual plant band tiller number, individual plant white root, hundred strain dry weights, individual plant greenery number, leaf look, and its result is as follows:
The individual plant stem foot is wide: 0.29cm
Individual plant band tiller number: 0.17
Individual plant white root: 10
Hundred strain dry weight: 5.9g
Individual plant greenery number: 4.5
Leaf look: 4.1 grades
The damping off incidence of disease: 25%, insect pest does not appear
Seedling-slowing stage after transplanting: 5 days
The result of implementation of embodiment 1-4 and comparative example the result of implementation comparative analysis, can find out:
The present invention saves sowing quantity more than 30% than prior art; The wide increase of individual plant stem foot (reaches 0.3-0.4cm) more than 10%; Average individual plant band tiller number increases more than 25%; The individual plant white root increases more than 30%; More than hundred strain dry weights reach 7.1g, higher more than 30% than conventional seedbed system method; Just, individual plant greenery number is greater than 4.0 for the seedling colour purity, and the leaf look is the 4.0-5.0 level; Sick, insect pest do not appear; Transplant rear without seedling-slowing stage.
Claims (10)
1. paddy rice environment-friendly type bowl seeding method is characterized in that the step of the method is as follows:
(1) rice seedling bed is selected
Select that plot is smooth, soil property is fertile, convenient transportation, the excellent rice seedling bed of irrigation condition, adopt water to plough water whole, a first trench digging minute railway carriage or compartment, described railway carriage or compartment is wide 120～140 centimetres, 18～22 centimetres of furrow widths, 12～14 centimetres of ditch depths;
(2) the seedling railway carriage or compartment is laid and is cut the root net
Lay plastics, nylon matter or irony and cut the root net on the face of railway carriage or compartment, seedling railway carriage or compartment, described aperture of cutting the root net is not more than 0.5 centimetre, to prevent that water rice root system from altering, grows in the outside bed soil of trying to get to the heart of a matter;
(3) preparation seedling original soil
Use Cosan or quicklime powder that the pH value of described rice seedling bed soil is adjusted to 4.5～5.5, obtain the seedling original soil;
(4) preparation Nutrition Soil
According to the mass ratio 1:80～120:0.8 of nutrient solution, seedling original soil and leavening agent～12, nutrient solution, seedling original soil and leavening agent are fully mixed, the mixture that obtains adds water makes it moistening, then banks up and obtains described Nutrition Soil in 1-2 days;
(5) rice paddy seed processing prior to seeding
The rice paddy seed of selecting is processed according to the conventional rice method for treating seeds prior to seeding, just is placed under the normal temperature laboratory condition bud that dries in the air when the bud root of described rice paddy seed reaches 0.1cm, and the rice paddy seed of the bud that dries in the air is used and planted as sowing;
(6) sowing
Load the Nutrition Soil of step (4) preparation in soil-block rice seedling raising tray, then use sower that the sowing that step (5) obtains is sowed in described Nutrition Soil subsoil with planting, cover again one deck Nutrition Soil, spill after permeable and move on the rice seedling bed that step (2) prepares;
(7) seedbed management
Between nursery stage, in the seedling dish of strictly growing seedlings, temperature is controlled at 25～30 ℃, the humidity in seedling growth greenhouse is controlled at more than 85%, and fills with shallow water, the ventilation hardening before taking off film; Keep ground moistening before emerging, the rear thin water of emerging is irrigated; 4～5 days nitrogen fertilizer applications once, move seedling and kept railway carriage or compartment, seedling railway carriage or compartment face not soak in front 1～2 day before moving seedling, and water is arranged in ditch, are beneficial to transplant;
(8) seedling stage diseases and pests control
Nursery period, noted rice seedling blight, pythium rot and rice fulgorid damage by disease and insect, uses in case of necessity agricultural chemicals to prevent and treat.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the nutrient solution that uses in described step (4) is by 0.4～0.6g urea, 2.0～3.0g fused calcium magnesium phosphate, wherein P
2O
5Content is to form in fused calcium magnesium phosphate gross weight 12%～18%, 0.5～1.0g potassium chloride, 0.1～0.2g zinc sulphate and 10ml water.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the seedling original soil that uses in described step (4) is by 0.5 centimetre of sieve, 0～15 centimetre of topsoil mellow soil or vegetable garden soil.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that described leavening agent is that ripe saw wood ash, the 100 above expanded pearlite ores in sand form of order are made the expanded perlite granule of granularity less than 2mm after crushed through the expanded perlite of the resulting product of expanding treatment or expanding treatment.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that in described step (6), filling Nutrition Soil subsoil in disc for paddy seedling-growing with bowl, and the thickness of described Nutrition Soil subsoil is 2/3～3/4 of the soil-block rice seedling raising tray degree of depth.
6. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in described step (6), according to 3～5, every hole described bud rice paddy seed that dries in the air of bud rice paddy seed sowing that dries in the air, then cover with described Nutrition Soil, its height that covers Nutrition Soil is no more than the card of described soil-block rice seedling raising tray, and can not see the bud rice paddy seed that dries in the air, and then water spray, make the covering Nutrition Soil drenched.
7. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that in described step (7), and in seedbed management, when the emergence rate of the bud rice paddy seed that dries in the air reached 30%, the temperature in the seedling dish of growing seedlings was controlled at 20～25 ℃.
8. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in described step (7), when educating early rice or middle rice seedlings, run into continuous more than 7 days during rainy weather, open the film ventilation of seedling bed two ends from 9 in the morning later and prevent that disease from occurring, continued again in the past the epiphragma insulation at 4 in afternoon.
9. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that in described step (7), move seedling before 4～5 days according to 4～5 kilograms, every mu of rice seedling bed urea nitrogen fertilizer application.
10. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in described step (8), when preventing and treating rice disease, according to 30 kilograms, every mu of 100～125 gram Benthiocarbs, 96～140 gram molinate missible oil and water, Benthiocarb, molinate missible oil are mixed with water, with mist, spray and prevent and kill off.
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