CN105646586B - 一种阿德福韦酯的制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- WOZSCQDILHKSGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N adefovir depivoxil Chemical compound N1=CN=C2N(CCOCP(=O)(OCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C)OCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C)C=NC2=C1N WOZSCQDILHKSGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229960003205 adefovir dipivoxil Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- GGRHYQCXXYLUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(=O)OCCl GGRHYQCXXYLUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical class CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 63
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- -1 pivaloyl oxygen Chemical compound 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 abstract description 7
- GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyloxidanyl Chemical group [O]C GRVDJDISBSALJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003444 phase transfer catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N adenyl group Chemical group N1=CN=C2N=CNC2=C1N GFFGJBXGBJISGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229930024421 Adenine Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 229960001997 adefovir Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 229960000643 adenine Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 208000000419 Chronic Hepatitis B Diseases 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 4
- 208000002672 hepatitis B Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 2
- UXTFKIJKRJJXNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-$l^{1}-oxidanylethanone Chemical compound CC([O])=O UXTFKIJKRJJXNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYNYIHKIEHGYOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromopropane Chemical compound CCCBr CYNYIHKIEHGYOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- NZFPRWLHBPOTHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCOI(=O)=O.N Chemical compound CCCOI(=O)=O.N NZFPRWLHBPOTHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUBJNKUIUXLFOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [NH4+].[I-].C(C)[PH3+].[I-] Chemical compound [NH4+].[I-].C(C)[PH3+].[I-] CUBJNKUIUXLFOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000031709 bromination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005893 bromination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NWEKXBVHVALDOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCC[NH3+] NWEKXBVHVALDOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZYDSTVMBNBPPLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethyl pentanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(=O)OCCl ZYDSTVMBNBPPLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001447 compensatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001760 dimethyl sulfoxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AVPRDNCYNYWMNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanamine;hydrate Chemical class [OH-].CC[NH3+] AVPRDNCYNYWMNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XWBDWHCCBGMXKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanamine;hydron;chloride Chemical class Cl.CCN XWBDWHCCBGMXKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- JTEGQNOMFQHVDC-NKWVEPMBSA-N lamivudine Chemical compound O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@H]1O[C@@H](CO)SC1 JTEGQNOMFQHVDC-NKWVEPMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003908 liver function Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WNEYXFDRCSFJCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-amine;hydrate Chemical compound [OH-].CCC[NH3+] WNEYXFDRCSFJCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYNUOAIJIQGACY-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylazanium;chloride Chemical class Cl.CCCN PYNUOAIJIQGACY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/6561—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing systems of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system, with or without other non-condensed hetero rings
- C07F9/65616—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing systems of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system, with or without other non-condensed hetero rings containing the ring system having three or more than three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members, e.g. purine or analogs
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种阿德福韦酯的制备方法,该制备方法采用N‑甲基吡咯烷酮为溶剂,四正丁基溴化铵为相转移催化剂,以三乙胺为酸吸附剂,以阿德福韦和特戊酸氯甲酯为原料,制备高收率和高质量的9‑〔2‑〔〔〔双(三甲基乙酰氧)甲基〕氧磷基〕甲氧基〕‑乙基〕腺嘌呤,反应安全环保可控,经济效益高,更加适于工业生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种药物合成方法,特别涉及一种治疗慢性乙型肝炎用药9-〔2-〔〔〔双(三甲基乙酰氧)甲基〕氧磷基〕甲氧基〕-乙基〕腺嘌呤的制备方法。
背景技术
阿德福韦酯(AdefovirDipivoxil,简称AD)其化学结构式为:
化学名称为9-〔2-〔〔〔双(三甲基乙酰氧)甲基〕氧磷基〕甲氧基〕-乙基〕腺嘌呤,它能有效地治疗HIV感染的病人,其毒性较低,也可以用作慢性肝炎B(HBV)的初步治疗或与其它抗HBV药物结合用药。
9-〔2-〔〔〔双(三甲基乙酰氧)甲基〕氧磷基〕甲氧基〕-乙基〕腺嘌呤已获中国SFDA批准用于治疗慢性乙型肝炎,其适应证为肝功能代偿的成年慢性乙型肝炎患者。本药尤其适合于需长期用药或已发生拉米夫定耐药者。
美国专利US4724233和US4808716,欧洲专利EP481214,J.Med.Chem(1994)37:1857-1864等多篇文献公开了9-〔2-〔〔〔双(三甲基乙酰氧)甲基〕氧磷基〕甲氧基〕-乙基〕腺嘌呤及其制备方法,其所制备的都为无定形形式,其物理性能不利于后续的的使用,且熔点不确定、流动性差和制备困难;部分溶剂毒性高,不利于环保;所得产物纯度低和收率低,生产成本高。
针对以上背景技术不足,本发明提供安全环保可控的方法合成9-〔2-〔〔〔双(三甲基乙酰氧)甲基〕氧磷基〕甲氧基〕-乙基〕腺嘌呤,所得产物熔点确定,晶型稳定,纯度和收率高,生产成本大大降低。
发明内容
本发明提供一种阿德福韦酯的新方法,该方法得到的阿德福韦酯,其中的原料阿德福韦杂质、阿德福韦单酯杂质和阿德福韦N6杂质含量均低于现有技术,从而使本发明所得阿德福韦酯具有熔点确定,稳定性好,流动性好,毒性低等优点。
本发明的制备方法,步骤如下:
1)取阿德福韦,加入有机溶剂,加入特戊酸氯甲酯,酸吸附剂,相转移催化剂,加热反应,至反应完成,
2)加入乙酸乙酯溶解,过滤,用乙酸乙酯洗涤得到滤液;再用饱和食盐水洗涤滤液,弃去水相,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,除去无水硫酸钠,并用乙酸乙酯洗,滤液在40-50℃减压浓缩至淡黄色粘稠状液体,10-15℃搅拌下加入乙醚,有晶体析出后,过滤收集固体,乙醚洗涤,干燥得阿德福韦酯。
本发明的制备方法采用如下合成路线:
其中,所述相转移催化剂选自:四正丁基溴化铵、四正乙基溴化铵、四正丙基溴化铵、四正乙基氯化铵、四正丙基氯化铵、四正丁基氯化铵、四正乙基碘化铵、四正丙基碘化铵、四正丁基碘化铵、四正乙基氢氧化铵、四正丙基氢氧化铵以及四正丁基氢氧化铵,所用相转移催化剂为所述原料阿德福韦用量的0.1~1.5倍(摩尔比)。
在本发明反应中,反应温度为20~100℃,反应时间为1~18h。
在本发明反应中,所述有机溶剂选自:N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺以及二甲基亚砜中的任何一种。
在本发明反应中,所述酸吸附剂选自:三乙胺和吡啶。
在本发明反应中,所述原料特戊酸氯甲酯用量为所述原料阿德福韦用量的1~8倍(摩尔比)。
优选的,本发明采用N-甲基吡咯烷酮为溶剂,四正丁基溴化铵为相转移催化剂,以三乙胺为酸吸附剂,以阿德福韦和特戊酸氯甲酯为原料,制备得到阿德福韦酯。
本发明和现有技术的主要区别在于:
1.加相转移催化剂。
2.控制反应温度和时间。
3.控制原料特戊酸氯甲酯的投入量。
本发明的核心创新点和改进点在于:
1.加相转移催化剂,增加原料阿德福韦的溶解度,原料基本上能反应完全。
2.控制反应温度和时间,减少副反应杂质的发生。
3.控制原料特戊酸氯甲酯的投入量,既避免原料的浪费,又避免副反应杂质的产生。特别是用无水乙醚析晶,晶体优良,流动性好,稳定性高,收率高,纯度高杂质少。
本发明和现有技术相比优点如下:
本发明得到的阿德福韦酯晶体与使用现有技术得到的阿德福韦酯晶体进行稳定性比较实验,结果见下表:
通过以上指标可知,本发明技术方案优于现有技术。
具体实施方式
以下非限定的实施例详细说明了本发明。
实施例1:
9-〔2-〔〔〔双(三甲基乙酰氧)甲基〕氧磷基〕甲氧基〕-乙基〕腺嘌呤的的合成
向烧瓶中加入阿德福韦55g,加入N-甲基吡咯烷酮200ml,加入特戊酸氯甲酯160ml,三乙胺90ml,四正丁基溴化铵65g,升温至55-65℃反应3h,高效液相检测至主峰面积在60%为反应完全,加入乙酸乙酯700ml,搅拌溶解30min,过滤,并每次用220ml乙酸乙酯洗涤3次至滤饼白色,滤液用饱和食盐水洗涤550ml*3次,弃去水相,有机相用110g无水硫酸钠干燥2h,过滤,除去无水硫酸钠,并用乙酸乙酯50ml洗滤饼,滤液在40-50℃减压浓缩至淡黄色粘稠状液体,10-15℃搅拌下加入乙醚600ml,有晶体析出后,过滤,50ml乙醚洗涤,40-50℃真空干燥4h得阿德福韦酯50g,收率49.5%。HPLC纯度:大于99%。
实施例2:
向烧瓶中加入阿德福韦55g,加入DMF200ml,加入特戊酸氯甲酯160ml,三乙胺90ml,四正丙基溴化铵45g,升温至55-65℃反应3h,高效液相检测至主峰面积在63%为反应完全,加入乙酸乙酯700ml,搅拌溶解30min,过滤,并每次用220ml乙酸乙酯洗涤3次至滤饼白色,滤液用饱和食盐水洗涤550ml*3次,弃去水相,有机相用110g无水硫酸钠干燥2h,过滤,除去无水硫酸钠,并用乙酸乙酯50ml洗滤饼,滤液在40-50℃减压浓缩至淡黄色粘稠状液体,10-15℃搅拌下加入乙醚600ml,有晶体析出后,过滤,50ml乙醚洗涤,40-50℃真空干燥4h得阿德福韦酯53g,收率52.5%。HPLC纯度:大于99%。
实施例3:
向烧瓶中加入阿德福韦55g,加入DMSO 200ml,加入特戊酸氯甲酯160ml,三乙胺90ml,四正乙基碘化铵55g,升温至55-65℃反应5h,高效液相检测至主峰面积在65%为反应完全,加入乙酸乙酯700ml,搅拌溶解30min,过滤,并每次用220ml乙酸乙酯洗涤3次至滤饼白色,滤液用饱和食盐水洗涤550ml*3次,弃去水相,有机相用110g无水硫酸钠干燥2h,过滤,除去无水硫酸钠,并用乙酸乙酯50ml洗滤饼,滤液在40-50℃减压浓缩至淡黄色粘稠状液体,10-15℃搅拌下加入乙醚600ml,有晶体析出后,过滤,50ml乙醚洗涤,40-50℃真空干燥4h得阿德福韦酯56g,收率55.5%。HPLC纯度:大于99%。
实施例4:
向烧瓶中加入阿德福韦55g,加入N-甲基吡咯烷酮200ml,加入特戊酸氯甲酯140ml,三乙胺80ml,四正丁基溴化铵55g,升温至55-65℃反应3h,高效液相检测至主峰面积在65%为反应完全,加入乙酸乙酯700ml,搅拌溶解30min,过滤,并每次用220ml乙酸乙酯洗涤3次至滤饼白色,滤液用饱和食盐水洗涤550ml*3次,弃去水相,有机相用110g无水硫酸钠干燥2h,过滤,除去无水硫酸钠,并用乙酸乙酯50ml洗滤饼,滤液在40-50℃减压浓缩至淡黄色粘稠状液体,10-15℃搅拌下加入乙醚600ml,有晶体析出后,过滤,50ml乙醚洗涤,40-50℃真空干燥4h得阿德福韦酯55g,收率54.5%。HPLC纯度:大于99%。
实施例5:
向烧瓶中加入阿德福韦55g,加入N-甲基吡咯烷酮200ml,升温至65-75℃,加入特戊酸氯甲酯160ml,三乙胺90ml,四正丁基溴化铵50g,反应2h,高效液相检测至主峰面积在66%为反应完全,加入乙酸乙酯700ml,搅拌溶解30min,过滤,并每次用220ml乙酸乙酯洗涤3次至滤饼白色,滤液用饱和食盐水洗涤550ml*3次,弃去水相,有机相用110g无水硫酸钠干燥2h,过滤,除去无水硫酸钠,并用乙酸乙酯50ml洗滤饼,滤液在40-50℃减压浓缩至淡黄色粘稠状液体,10-15℃搅拌下加入无水乙醚600ml,有晶体析出后,过滤,50ml无水乙醚洗涤,40-50℃真空干燥4h得阿德福韦酯58g,收率57.5%。HPLC纯度:大于99%。
Claims (1)
1.一种阿德福韦酯的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤如下:
向烧瓶中加入阿德福韦55g,加入N-甲基吡咯烷酮200ml,升温至65-75℃,加入特戊酸氯甲酯160ml,三乙胺90ml,四正丁基溴化铵50g,反应2h,高效液相检测至主峰面积在66%为反应完全,加入乙酸乙酯700ml,搅拌溶解30min,过滤,并每次用220ml乙酸乙酯洗涤3次至滤饼白色,滤液用550ml饱和食盐水洗涤3次,弃去水相,有机相用110g无水硫酸钠干燥2h,过滤,除去无水硫酸钠,并用乙酸乙酯50ml洗滤饼,滤液在40-50℃减压浓缩至淡黄色粘稠状液体,10-15℃搅拌下加入无水乙醚600ml,有晶体析出后,过滤,50ml无水乙醚洗涤,40-50℃真空干燥4h得阿德福韦酯。
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