CN105642285A - 一种光解水制氢催化剂 - Google Patents

一种光解水制氢催化剂 Download PDF

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CN105642285A
CN105642285A CN201610020647.XA CN201610020647A CN105642285A CN 105642285 A CN105642285 A CN 105642285A CN 201610020647 A CN201610020647 A CN 201610020647A CN 105642285 A CN105642285 A CN 105642285A
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车春玲
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Shandong Lianxing Energy Group Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及光催化技术领域,尤其涉及一种光解水制氢催化剂。包括纳米二氧化钛,石墨烯,铜源或锌源化合物。制备方法包括将铜源或锌源化合物加入有机胺中,超声混合均匀,将纳米二氧化钛加入加热并超声,将石墨烯加入超声并加热,混合物持续加热得到固溶体;将固溶体在N2气氛下加热干燥得到产品。本发明的一种光解水制氢催化剂具有催化效率好,氢气生成速率快的优点。原料成本低,使用石墨烯作为催化剂载体,提高了催化剂的催化效率,具有明显的有益效果。

Description

一种光解水制氢催化剂
技术领域
本发明涉及光催化技术领域,尤其涉及一种光解水制氢催化剂。
背景技术
氢主要以化合物的形式存在于水等化合物中,是地球上储备丰富的清洁可再生能源,近年来随着制氢业的发展,氢能因其具有高效、安全、清洁等优点而成为未来最有希望替代矿物非可再生能源的新能源,光解水制氢方向的研究也成为研究的热点。目前制氢类研究可分为两类,一类是以矿物质资源,例如石油、煤和天然气等进行的催化降解重整制氢气,另一类是水解制氢法。前者产物除氢气外还有碳氧化合物生成,伴随温室效应的加重,水解法制氢生成物清洁,特别是利用光能源在催化剂的作用下光解水制氢法成为当下研究的热点。
二氧化钛作为一种光化学性能稳定,廉价易得的催化剂材料而得到广泛使用,并且二氧化钛不像贵金属那样使用后产生二次污染,然而二氧化钛本身导电性差,对太阳光的利用效率低下,光量子效率极低,严重降低了其催化的效率。
发明内容
本发明针对二氧化钛催化剂本身催化效率低等问题提供一种新型催化剂。为了达到上述目的,本发明的技术方案为:
一种光解水制氢催化剂,包括以下原料:作为活性组分的纳米二氧化钛,作为载体的石墨烯,作为助剂的铜源或锌源化合物。
一种制备权利要求1中所述光解水制氢催化剂的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将铜源或锌源化合物加入有机胺中,超声混合均匀得到混合物a;
(2)将纳米二氧化钛加入(1)中的混合物a中,加热并超声至混合均匀,得到混合物b;
(3)将石墨烯加入(2)的混合物b中,超声并加热,得到混合物c;
(4)将(3)中的混合物c持续加热得到固溶体d;
(5)将(4)中的固溶体d在N2气氛下加热干燥得到产品e。
作为优选,所述步骤(1)中铜源为氧化亚铜或氯化亚铜;所述锌源为氯化锌或氧化锌;所述有机胺为乙醇胺、二乙醇胺或正丁胺中的任意一种。
作为优选,所述步骤(2)中纳米二氧化钛粒径大小为50~200nm。
作为优选,所述步骤(2)中纳米二氧化钛与铜源或锌源的摩尔比为(0.5~3):1,加热温度为30~50℃。
作为优选,所述步骤(3)中石墨烯与纳米二氧化钛的质量比为(8~25):1,所述加热温度为50~80℃,超声时间为0.2~0.5小时。
作为优选,所述步骤(4)中加热温度为90~200℃,加热时间为2~4小时。
作为优选,所述步骤(5)中加热温度为60~80℃,干燥时间为0.5~2小时。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点和积极效果在于,本发明的一种光解水制氢催化剂具有催化效率好,氢气生成速率快的优点。本发明所使用的原料成本低,使用石墨烯作为催化剂载体,利用石墨烯的导电性能和高的比表面积,使得催化剂更多的活性位与氢气接触,提高了催化剂的催化效率,具有明显的有益效果。
具体实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本发明的上述目的、特征和优点,下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明。需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明,但是,本发明还可以采用不同于在此描述的其他方式来实施,因此,本发明并不限于下面公开说明书的具体实施例的限制。
实施例1,本实施例提供一种光解水制氢催化剂,其特征在于,包括以下原料:作为活性组分的纳米二氧化钛以及钴或镍的盐,作为载体的石墨烯,作为助剂的铜源或锌源化合物。
实施例2,本实施例提供一种光解水制氢催化剂的方法,首先称取氧化亚铜14.3g(0.1mol)加入到50ml乙醇胺中,超声10min至混合均匀。称取平均粒径为50nm的纳米二氧化钛颗粒4g(0.05mol),加入到上述乙醇胺与二氯化铜的悬浊液中,然后保持温度在30℃下进行超声20min左右至混合物混合均匀。然后称取石墨烯32g,加入到上述乙醇胺的混合物体系中,升高温度至50℃并继续超声,0.2小时后将加入石墨烯的混合物放入研钵或者烧杯中加热,加热过程中可以用玻璃棒或者磁力搅拌器进行搅拌,使加热过程更为均匀,在90℃下加热2小时,得到固溶体。然后将固溶体在60℃的氮气氛围下进行干燥,干燥0.5小时,得到催化剂产品,经检测加氢速率为450mmol.h-1.g-1
实施例3,本实施例提供一种光解水制氢催化剂的方法,首先称取氯化亚铜14.3g(0.1mol)加入到400ml二乙醇胺中,超声8min至混合均匀。称取平均粒径为100nm的纳米二氧化钛颗粒24g(0.3mol),加入到上述二乙醇胺与氯化亚铜的悬浊液中,然后保持温度在50℃下进行超声20min左右至混合物混合均匀。然后称取石墨烯600g,加入到上述二乙醇胺的混合物体系中,升高温度至80℃并继续超声,0.5小时后将加入石墨烯的混合物放入研钵或者烧杯中加热,加热过程中可以用玻璃棒或者磁力搅拌器进行搅拌,使加热过程更为均匀,在200℃下加热4小时,得到固溶体。然后将固溶体在80℃的氮气氛围下进行干燥,干燥2小时,得到催化剂产品,经检测加氢速率为412mmol.h-1.g-1
实施例4,本实施例提供一种光解水制氢催化剂的方法,首先称取氯化锌13.6g(0.1mol)加入到200ml正丁胺中,超声15min至混合均匀。称取平均粒径为150nm的纳米二氧化钛颗粒16g(0.2mol),加入到上述二乙醇胺与氯化亚铜的悬浊液中,然后保持温度在45℃下进行超声15min左右至混合物混合均匀。然后称取石墨烯160g,加入到上述二乙醇胺的混合物体系中,升高温度至60℃并继续超声,0.4小时后将加入石墨烯的混合物放入研钵或者烧杯中加热,加热过程中可以用玻璃棒或者磁力搅拌器进行搅拌,使加热过程更为均匀,在150℃下加热3小时,得到固溶体。然后将固溶体在70℃的氮气氛围下进行干燥,干燥1.5小时,得到催化剂产品,经检测加氢速率为460mmol.h-1.g-1
实施例5,本实施例提供一种光解水制氢催化剂的方法,首先称取氧化锌8.1g(0.1mol)加入到100ml正丁胺中,超声12min至混合均匀。称取平均粒径为160nm的纳米二氧化钛颗粒8g(0.1mol),加入到上述二乙醇胺与氯化亚铜的悬浊液中,然后保持温度在35℃下进行超声12min左右至混合物混合均匀。然后称取石墨烯150g,加入到上述二乙醇胺的混合物体系中,升高温度至60℃并继续超声,0.25小时后将加入石墨烯的混合物放入研钵或者烧杯中加热,加热过程中可以用玻璃棒或者磁力搅拌器进行搅拌,使加热过程更为均匀,在100℃下加热3小时,得到固溶体。然后将固溶体在750℃的氮气氛围下进行干燥,干燥0.8小时,得到催化剂产品,经检测加氢速率为458mmol.h-1.g-1
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例应用于其它领域,但是凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与改型,仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种光解水制氢催化剂,其特征在于,包括以下原料:
作为活性组分的纳米二氧化钛,
作为载体的石墨烯,
作为助剂的铜源或锌源化合物。
2.一种制备权利要求1中所述的一种光解水制氢催化剂的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将铜源或锌源化合物加入有机胺中,超声混合均匀得到混合物a;
(2)将纳米二氧化钛加入(1)中的混合物a中,加热并超声至混合均匀,得到混合物b;
(3)将石墨烯加入(2)的混合物b中,超声并加热,得到混合物c;
(4)将(3)中的混合物c持续加热得到固溶体d;
(5)将(4)中的固溶体d在N2气氛下加热干燥得到产品e。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种制备光解水制氢催化剂的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中铜源为氧化亚铜或氯化亚铜;所述锌源为氯化锌或氧化锌;所述有机胺为乙醇胺、二乙醇胺或正丁胺中的任意一种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种制备光解水制氢催化剂的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中纳米二氧化钛粒径大小为50~200nm。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种制备光解水制氢催化剂的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中纳米二氧化钛与铜源或锌源的摩尔比为(0.5~3):1,加热温度为30~50℃。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种制备光解水制氢催化剂的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)中石墨烯与纳米二氧化钛的质量比为(8~25):1,所述加热温度为50~80℃,超声时间为0.2~0.5小时。
7.根据权利要求2所述的一种制备光解水制氢催化剂的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)中加热温度为90~200℃,加热时间为2~4小时。
8.根据权利要求2所述的一种制备光解水制氢催化剂的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(5)中加热温度为60~80℃,干燥时间为0.5~2小时。
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