CN105642274A - 一种八面体结构wo3光催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种八面体结构wo3光催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- OJGLOFBKLCHJFP-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;2-oxopropanedioate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C(=O)C([O-])=O OJGLOFBKLCHJFP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
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- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 31
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Abstract
本发明属于一种八面体结构WO3光催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:①将浓度为6-8mmol/L的钨酸钠溶液加入到反应容器中,然后在搅拌条件下滴加1~8mol/L的硝酸,直至反应容器中的溶液pH为1.8~2.2,然后在搅拌条件下滴加浓度为20-40mmol/L的草酸钠溶液,滴加完毕后继续搅拌25~35min;②将反应容器中的产物转移到反应釜中,在150~170℃下水热反应12~48h,经抽滤、洗涤、干燥后得到八面体结构WO3光催化剂。本发明制备得到选择性较高的八面体结构WO3晶体,制备得的八面体结构WO3的在紫外光源下对罗丹明B的降解率比普通形貌结构的WO3光催化剂显示出更好的催化活性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机物污染物降解技术领域,具体涉及一种八面体结构WO3及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
罗丹明B(RhodamineB)又称玫瑰红B,或碱性玫瑰精,俗称花粉红,是一种具有鲜桃红色的人工合成的染料,是印染行业中常用的有机染料,将含有罗丹明B的废水直接排放到环境中会造成严重污染,治理困难。近年来,利用光催化技术来降解染料废水已经成为一种具有广阔应用前景的绿色环保新技术。该过程是将光催化剂置于特定波长的光源下照射,生成高活性的自由基将有机物污染物氧化成CO2、H2O等无毒产物,从而实现有机物分子的降解。
如中国专利CN102502917B中采用SIC纳米线光催化降解罗丹明B,紫外光照射6小时后降解率为66.09%~67.63%。专利CN1962478A中用氧化铋薄膜光催化降解含罗丹明B污水,去除率在80%左右。专利CN102210917B中采用含Keplerate型多金属氧酸盐对罗丹明B进行异相光催化降解,但现在的技术中存在工艺复杂,处理时间长等缺点。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种对罗丹明B的降解率高、降解时间短的八面体结构WO3及其制备方法和应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是,一种八面体结构WO3光催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:①将浓度为6-8mmol/L的钨酸钠溶液加入到反应容器中,然后在搅拌条件下滴加1~8mol/L的硝酸,直至反应容器中的溶液pH为1.8~2.2,然后在搅拌条件下滴加浓度为20-40mmol/L的草酸钠溶液,滴加完毕后继续搅拌25~35min;②将反应容器中的产物转移到反应釜中,在150~170℃下水热反应12~48h,经抽滤、洗涤、干燥后得到八面体结构WO3光催化剂。
优选的,所述步骤①中加入的钨酸钠溶液中的钨酸钠和草酸钠溶液中草酸钠的摩尔比为1:1.5,其中,Na+与W的摩尔比对WO3的形貌具有重要的影响,而当Na与W的摩尔比为5:1时,得到选择性较高的八面体结构WO3晶体。
优选的,20-40mmol/L的草酸钠溶液的滴加速率为25滴每分钟并逐渐增加到50滴每分钟,根据晶体生长理论,晶体的形貌形成过程主要由晶核形成和晶核的生长两方面控制而成,而由于Na+的浓度对晶核形成的形貌具有导向作用,因此控制在晶核形成时Na离子浓度的变化对晶体的形貌具有决定性的作用,采用本发明的草酸钠溶液滴加速率产生了意想不到技术效果。
所述步骤②中洗涤的具体操作过程为先用去离子洗涤2次,再用无水乙醇洗涤3次;所述干燥的具体的操作过程为在16~28Pa、-40~-50℃下真空冷冻干燥6~12h。
所述的八面体结构WO3在降解罗丹明B中作为光催化剂的应用,包括以下步骤:将0.02g八面体结构WO3粉体加入100mL浓度为10mg/L的罗丹明B溶液中,用磁力搅拌器进行搅拌,在254nm波长的紫外光下照射120min。
本发明产生的有益效果是:本发明以稀硝酸与钨酸钠为原料,采用特定的Na与W的摩尔比,以及草酸钠溶液的滴加速率,制备得到选择性较高的八面体结构WO3晶体,同时采用真空冷冻干燥,从而保持形貌完整,避免在常规的热干燥过程中晶体容易坍塌,影响晶体的形貌选择性。WO3晶体颗粒粒径为1~4μm,该制备方法的工艺简单,制备得的八面体结构WO3的在紫外光源下对罗丹明B的降解率比普通形貌结构的WO3光催化剂显示出更好的催化活性,具有广泛的应用前景。
图1为实施例1制备的八面体结构WO3的XRD图谱;
图2为实施例1制备的八面体结构WO3的SEM图谱;
图3为实施例1制备的八面体结构WO3作为光催化剂对罗丹明B的降解效果图;
图4为对照例1制备的WO3的SEM图谱;
图5为对照例2制备的WO3的SEM图谱。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但本发明的保护范围不限于此。
实施例1
一种八面体结构WO3光催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:①将浓度为7mmol/L的钨酸钠溶液加入到反应容器中,然后在搅拌条件下滴加5mol/L的硝酸,直至反应容器中的溶液pH为2,然后在搅拌条件下滴加浓度为30mmol/L的草酸钠溶液,滴加完毕后继续搅拌30min;②将反应容器中的产物转移到反应釜中,在160℃下水热反应24h,经抽滤、洗涤、干燥后得到八面体结构WO3光催化剂。
所述步骤①中加入的钨酸钠溶液中的钨酸钠和草酸钠溶液中草酸钠的摩尔比为1:1.5;30mmol/L的草酸钠溶液的滴加速率为25滴每分钟并逐渐增快到50滴每分钟;述步骤②中洗涤的具体操作过程为先用去离子洗涤2次,再用无水乙醇洗涤3次;所述干燥的具体的操作过程为在16~28Pa、-45℃下真空冷冻干燥10h。
本实施例制备的WO3光催化剂粉体在紫外光源照射下对罗丹明B的降解实验步骤如下:将浓度为10mg/L的罗丹明B溶液100mL加入光催化仪器反应管内,然后加入经水热反应制备的WO3粉体0.02g,超声分散4min,在暗室中静态吸附30min后达到反应吸附平衡,开启紫外光源及磁力搅拌装置,光照过程中每间隔20min取样,离心分离后取上层清液在罗丹明B最大吸收波长l=554nm处,使用722N可见分光光度计测定样品吸光度,并通过公式:DC=[(A0-Ai)/A0]′100%完成降解率的计算,其中为A0为10mg/L的罗丹明B溶液的吸光度,Ai为定时取样时测定的罗丹明B溶液的吸光度。在254nm波长紫外光下照射2小时,罗丹明B的降解率为97.3%。
本实施例制备的WO3粉体的XRD图谱见附图1,产物形貌分析见附图2,光催化效果见附图3。附图1中各衍射峰的相对位置和相对强度均与JCPDS(粉末衍射标准联合委员会)卡片相吻合,且没有其它衍射杂峰,说明本发明合成的WO3纯度较高;附图2中的扫描电镜图表明,WO3颗粒为锥形八面体结构;附图3中,光催化效果图显示出所制备的WO3粉体在紫外光源下对罗丹明B的降解率可达97.3%。
实施例2
一种八面体结构WO3光催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:①将浓度为6mmol/L的钨酸钠溶液加入到反应容器中,然后在搅拌条件下滴加1mol/L的硝酸,直至反应容器中的溶液pH为1.8,然后在搅拌条件下滴加浓度为20mmol/L的草酸钠溶液,滴加完毕后继续搅拌25min;②将反应容器中的产物转移到反应釜中,在150℃下水热反应48h,经抽滤、洗涤、干燥后得到八面体结构WO3光催化剂。
所述步骤①中加入的钨酸钠溶液中的钨酸钠和草酸钠溶液中草酸钠的摩尔比为1:1.5;20mmol/L的草酸钠溶液的滴加速率为25滴每分钟并逐渐增快到50滴每分钟;述步骤②中洗涤的具体操作过程为先用去离子洗涤2次,再用无水乙醇洗涤3次;所述干燥的具体的操作过程为在16~28Pa、-40℃下真空冷冻干燥6h。
本实施例制备的WO3粉体在紫外光源照射下对罗丹明B的降解实验步骤与实施例1相同,罗丹明B的降解率为95.3%。
实施例3
一种八面体结构WO3光催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:①将浓度为8mmol/L的钨酸钠溶液加入到反应容器中,然后在搅拌条件下滴加8mol/L的硝酸,直至反应容器中的溶液pH为2.2,然后在搅拌条件下滴加浓度为40mmol/L的草酸钠溶液,滴加完毕后继续搅拌35min;②将反应容器中的产物转移到反应釜中,在170℃下水热反应12h,经抽滤、洗涤、干燥后得到八面体结构WO3光催化剂。
所述步骤①中加入的钨酸钠溶液中的钨酸钠和草酸钠溶液中草酸钠的摩尔比为1:1.5;40mmol/L的草酸钠溶液的滴加速率为25滴每分钟并逐渐增快到50滴每分钟;述步骤②中洗涤的具体操作过程为先用去离子洗涤2次,再用无水乙醇洗涤3次;所述干燥的具体的操作过程为在16~28Pa、-50℃下真空冷冻干燥12h。
本实施例制备的WO3粉体在紫外光源照射下对罗丹明B的降解实验步骤与实施例1相同,罗丹明B的降解率为96.1%。
实施例4
实施例4与实施例1的不同之处在于,八面体结构WO3的制备方法步骤①中所用硝酸的浓度为2mol/L。罗丹明B的降解率为98%。
实施例5
实施例5与实施例1的不同之处在于,八面体结构WO3的制备方法步骤①中所用硝酸的浓度为3mol/L。罗丹明B的降解率为97.2%。
实施例6
实施例6与实施例1的不同之处在于,八面体结构WO3的制备方法步骤①中所用硝酸的浓度为2mol/L。罗丹明B的降解率为96.5%。
对照例1
对照例1与实施例1的不同之外在于,所述步骤②中干燥的具体的操作过程为在60℃常压下干燥10h。对照例1制备的WO3光催化剂产物形貌分析见图4,从图4可以看出,八面体结构WO3的晶型不完整,在紫外光源照射下对罗丹明B的降解实验步骤与实施例1相同,罗丹明B的降解率仅为80.2%。
对照例2
对照例2与对照例1的不同之处在于,所述步骤①中加入的钨酸钠溶液中的钨酸钠和草酸钠溶液中草酸钠的摩尔比为3:1,草酸钠溶液的滴加方式为一次加完。对照例2制备的WO3光催化剂产物形貌分析见图5,从图5可以看出,WO3的晶型较差,在紫外光源照射下对罗丹明B的降解实验步骤与实施例1相同,罗丹明B的降解率仅为72.3%。
Claims (5)
1.一种八面体结构WO3光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:①将浓度为6-8mmol/L的钨酸钠溶液加入到反应容器中,然后在搅拌条件下滴加1~8mol/L的硝酸,直至反应容器中的溶液pH为1.8~2.2,然后在搅拌条件下滴加浓度为20-40mmol/L的草酸钠溶液,滴加完毕后继续搅拌25~35min;②将反应容器中的产物转移到反应釜中,在150~170℃下水热反应12~48h,经抽滤、洗涤、干燥后得到八面体结构WO3光催化剂。
2.如权利要求2所述八面体结构WO3光催化剂制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤①中加入的钨酸钠溶液中的钨酸钠和草酸钠溶液中草酸钠的摩尔比为1:1.5。
3.如权利要求1所述八面体结构WO3光催化剂制备方法,其特征在于,20-40mmol/L的草酸钠溶液的滴加速度由25滴每分钟逐渐增快到50滴每分钟。
4.如权利要求1所述八面体结构WO3光催化剂制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤②中洗涤的具体操作过程为先用去离子洗涤2次,再用无水乙醇洗涤3次;所述干燥的具体的操作过程为在真空度16~28Pa、-40~-50℃下真空冷冻干燥6~12h。
5.利用权利要求1-4所述任一种制备方法制备的八面体结构WO3光催化剂。
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CN107739054A (zh) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-02-27 | 东北大学 | 一种三氧化钨粉末及其制备方法 |
CN109201039A (zh) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-01-15 | 天津工业大学 | 三氧化钨超生催化材料及合成方法 |
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CN106830087A (zh) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-06-13 | 河北工业大学 | 一种单斜系三氧化钨的制备方法 |
CN106830087B (zh) * | 2017-02-28 | 2018-06-15 | 河北工业大学 | 一种单斜系三氧化钨的制备方法 |
CN107739054A (zh) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-02-27 | 东北大学 | 一种三氧化钨粉末及其制备方法 |
CN109201039A (zh) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-01-15 | 天津工业大学 | 三氧化钨超生催化材料及合成方法 |
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